N MN HC

TI : MCH KHNG CH NHIT

GVHD: Phm Quang Tr SVTH : Nguyn Vn Trnh Dng Anh Tun Nguyn Th L Nhung

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 1

LI NOI AU
Trong nhieu lnh vc san xuat cong nghiep hien nay, nhat la nganh cong nghiep luyen kim, che bien thc pham van e o va khong che nhiet o ac biet c chu trong en v no la mot yeu to quyet nh chat lng san pham. Nam c tam quan trong cua van e tren nhom thc hien tien hanh nghien cu va thiet ke mot he thong o va khong che nhiet o t ong, vi mong muon la giai quyet nhng yeu cau tren, va lay o lam e tai tot nghiep cho mnh. Nhng kien thc nang lc at c trong qua trnh hoc tap trng se c anh gia qua t bao ve luan van cuoi khoa. V vay chung em co gang tan dung tat ca nhng kien thc a hoc trng cung vi s tm toi nghien cu, e co the hoan thanh tot luan van nay. Nhng san pham nhng ket qua at c ngay hom nay tuy khong co v ln lao. Nhng o la nhng thanh qua cua nam hoc tap. La thanh cong au tien cua chung em trc khi ra trng . Mat du chung em rat co gang e hoan thanh tap luan van nay ung thi han, nen khong tranh khoi nhng thieu sot mong qu thay co thong cam. Chung em mong c on nhan nhng y kien ong gop. Cuoi cung xin chan thanh cam n qu thay co va cac ban sinh vien.

Nhom sinh vien thc hien Vn Trnh Anh Tun L Nhung

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 2

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 3

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 4

CHNG 1 GII THIEU CHUNG VE BO VI IEU KHIEN

I.GII THIEU Bo vi ieu khien viet tat la Micro-controller, la mach tch hp tren mot chip co the lap trnh c, dung e ieu khien hoat ong cua mot he thong. Theo cac tap lenh cua ngi lap trnh, bo vi ieu khien tien hanh oc, lu tr thong tin, x ly thong tin, o thi gian va tien hanh ong m mot c cau nao o. Trong cac thiet b ien va ien va ien t dan dung, cac bo vi ieu khien, ieu khien hoat ong cua TV, may giat, au oc laser, ien thoai, lo vi-ba Trong he thong san xuat t ong, bo vi ieu khien c s dung trong Robot, day chuyen t ong. Cac he thong cang thong minh th vai tro cua he vi ieu khien cang quan trong. II.LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC BO VI IEU KHIEN Bo vi ieu khien thc ra, la mot loai vi x l trong tap hp cac bo vi x ly noi chung. Bo vi ieu khien c phat trien t bo vi x l, t nhng nam 70 do s phat trien va hoan thien ve cong nghe vi ien t da tren ky thuat MOS (Metal-OxideSemiconductor) , mc o tch hp cua cac linh kien ban dan trong mot chip ngay cang cao. Nam 1971 xuat hien bo vi x l 4 bit loai TMS1000 do cong ty texas Instruments va la ni phat minh va la nha san xuat. Nhn tong the th bo vi x l ch co cha tren mot chip nhng chc nang can thiet e x l chng trnh theo mot trnh t, con tat ca bo phan phu tr khac can thiet nh : bo nh d lieu , bo nh chng trnh , bo chuen oi AID, khoi ieu khien, khoi hien th, ieu khien may in, hoi ong ho va lch la nhng linh kien nam ben ngoai c noi vao bo vi x l. Mai en nam 1976 cong ty INTEL (Interlligen-Elictronics). Mi cho ra i bo vi ieu khien n chip au tien tren the gii vi ten goi 8048. Ben canh bo x l trung tam 8048 con cha bo nh d lieu, bo nh chng trnh, bo em va phat thi gian cac cong vao va ra Digital tren mot chip. Cac cong ty khac cung lan lc cho ra i cac bo vi ieu khien 8bit tng t nh 8048 va hnh thanh ho vi ieu khien MCS48 (Microcontroller-sustem-48). en nam 1980 cong ty INTEL cho ra i the he th hai cua bo vi ieu khien n chip vi ten goi 8051. Va sau o hang loat cac vi ieu khien cung loai vi 8051 ra i va hnh thanh ho vi ieu khien MCS-51 . en nay ho vi ieu khien 8 bit MCS51 a co en 250 thanh vien va hau het cac cong ty hang dan hang au the gii che tao. ng au la cong ty INTEL va rat nhieu cong ty khac nh : AMD, SIEMENS, PHILIPS, DALLAS, OKI Ngoai ra con co cac cong ty khac cung co nhng ho vi ieu khien rieng nh: Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 5

Ho 68HCOS cua cong ty Motorola Ho ST62 cua cong ty SGS-THOMSON Ho H8 cua cong ty Hitachi Ho pic cua cong ty Microchip III.KHAO SAT BO VI IEU KHIEN 8051 VA 8031: IC vi ieu khien 8051/8031 thuoc ho MCS51 co cac at iem sau : - 4kbyte ROM (c lap trnh bi nha san xuat ch co 8051) - 128 bit RAM - 4port I10 8bit - Hai bo nh thi 16bit - Giao tiep noi tiep - 64KB khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong - 64 KB khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong - mot bo x l luan l (thao tac tren cac bit n) - 210 bit c a ch hoa - bo nhan / chia 4s 1.Cu trc bn trong ca 8051 / 8031 :
Hnh 1 : S o Khoi 8051 / 8031 INT\*1 INT\* Phan chnh cua vi ieu0 khien 8051 / 8031 la bo x l trung tam (CPU: central processing unit ) bao gom : TIMER2 TIMER1 Thanh ghi tch luy A PORT noi Thanh ghi tch luy phu B, dung cho phep nhan va phep tiep chia T1* Rom ieu Cac n v logic hoc (ALU : Arithmetic Logical Unit ) Timer1 128 byte 4K-8051 thanh ghi khien T* Timer2 T trang thai chng trnh Ram : Prorgam Status Word) 2 (PSW OK-8031 khac ngat Bon bang thanh ghi Con tro ngan xep Ngoai ra con co bo nh chng trnh, bo giai ma lenh, bo ieu khien thi gian va logic. CPU n v x l trung tam nhan trc tiep xung t bo giao ong, ngoai ra con co kha nang a mot tn hieu gi nhp t ben ngoai. Tao dao ieu Port noi Chng trnh ang chay co the choCac port dng lai nh mot khoi khien tiep I\O ong ben trong. Cac nguon ngat co the la : cac bus ieu khien ngat bien co ben ngoai , s tran bo em nh thi hoac cung co the la giao dien noi tiep. Hai bo nh thi 16 bit hoat ong nh P P0 mot bo em. P2 EA\ RST PSEN ALE 1 Cac cong (port0, port1, port2, port3 ). S dung vao muc ch P3 ieu khien. TXD* RXD* cong 3 co them cac ng dan ieu khien dung e trao oi vi mot bo nh ben ngoai, hoac e au noi giao dien noi tiep, cung nh cac ng ngat dan ben ngoai. Giao dien noi tiep co cha mot bo truyen va mot bo nhan khong ong bo, lam viec oc lap vi nhau. Toc o truyen qua cong noi tiep co the at trong vay rong va c an nh bang mot bo nh thi.

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 6

Trong vi ieu khien 8051 / 8031 co hai thanh phan quan trong khac o la bo nh va cac thanh ghi : Bo nh gom co bo nh Ram va bo nh Rom (ch co 8031) dung e lu tr d lieu va ma lenh. Cac thanh ghi s dung e lu tr thong tin trong qua trnh x l. Khi CPU lam viec no lam thay oi noi dung cua cac thanh ghi. 2.Chc nng ca cc chn vi iu khin
30 p 12MH z 30 p 18 40 19 XTAL1 XTAL2

Vc c

29 30 31 9

Po.7 Po.6 Po.5 Po.4 Po.3 Po.2 Po.1 Po.0 P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P1. P2.1 7 P2.0 P1. 6 P1. 5 P1. 4 P1. 3 P1. 2 P1. 1 P1. 0

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 8 1 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1

AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0

PSEN\ ALE EA\ RET

RD\ WR\ T1 T0 INT1 INT0 TXD RXD

17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

Vss 20

A1 5 A1 4 A1 3 A1 2 A1 1 A1 0 A9 A8

a.port0 : la port co 2 chc nang tren chan t 32 en 39 trong cac thiet ke c nho ( khong dung bo nh m rong ) co hai chc nang nh cac ng IO. oi vi cac thiet ke c ln ( vi bo nh m rong ) no c ket hp kenh gi a cac bus ) b.port1 : port1 la mot port I/O tren cac chan 1-8. Cac chan c ky hieu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2 co the dung cho cac thiet b ngoai neu can. Port1 khong co chc nang khac, v vay chung ta ch c dung trong giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai. Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 7

Hnh 2 : S o Chan 8051

c.port2 : port2 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 21 28 c dung nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac la byte cao cua bus a ch oi vi cac thiet ke dung bo nh m rong. d.Port3 : port3 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 10 17. Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi cac ac tn ac biet cua 8051 / 8031 nh bang sau : Bit Ten Chc nang chuyen oi P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 RXD TXD INTO INT1 TO T1 WR RD D lieu nhan cho port noi tiep D lieu phat cho port noi tiep Ngat 0 ben ngoai Ngat 1 ben ngoai Ngo vao cua timer/counter 0 Ngo vao cua timer/counter 1 Xung ghi bo nh d lieu ngoai Xung oc bo nh d lieu ngoai

Bang : Chc nang cua cac chan tren port3

e.PSEN (Program Store Enable ) : 8051 / 8031 co 4 tn hieu ieu khien PSEN la tn hieu ra tren chan 29. No la tn hieu ieu khien e cho phep bo nh chng trnh m rong va thng c noi en chan OE (Output Enable) cua mot EPROM e cho phep oc cac bytes ma lenh. PSEN se mc thap trong thi gian lay lenh. Cac ma nh phan cua chng trnh c oc t EPROM qua bus va c chot vao thanh ghi lenh cua 8051 e giai ma lenh. Khi thi hanh chng trnh trong ROM noi (8051) PSEN se mc thu ong (mc cao). f.ALE (Address Latch Enable ) : tn hieu ra ALE tren chan 30 tng hp vi cac thiet b lam viec vi cac x l 8585, 8088, 8086, 8051 dung ALE mot cach tng t cho lam viec giai cac kenh cac bus a ch va d lieu khi port 0 c dung trong che o chuyen oi cua no : va la bus d lieu va la buyt thap cua a ch, ALE la tn hieu e chot a ch vao mot thanh ghi ben ngoai trong na au cua chu ky bo nh. Sau o, cac ng port 0 dung e xuat hoac nhap d lieu trong na sau chu ky cua bo nh. Cac xung tn hieu ALE co toc o bang 1/6 lan tan so dao ong tren chip va co the c dung la nguon xung nhp cho cac he thong. Neu xung tren 8051 la 12MHz th ALE co tan so 2MHz. Ch ngoai tr khi thi hanh lenh MOVX, mot xung ALE se b mat. Chan nay cung c lam ngo vao cho xung lap trnh cho EPROM trong 8051. g.EA (External Access) : Tn hieu vao EA tren chan 31 thng c mac len mc cao (+5V) hoac mc thap (GND). Neu mc cao, 8051 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap (4K). Neu mc thap, chng trnh ch c thi hanh t bo nh m rong. Khi dung 8031, EA luon c noi mc thap v khong co bo nh chng trnh tren chip. Neu EA c noi mc thap bo nh ben Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 8

trong chng trnh 8051 se b cam va chng trnh thi hanh t EPROM m rong. Ngi ta con dung chan EA lam chan cap ien ap 21V khi lap trnh cho EPROM trong 8051. h.SRT (Reset) : Ngo vao RST tren chan 9 la ngo reset cua 8051. Khi tn hieu nay c a len muc cao (trong t nhat 2 chu ky may ), cac thanh ghi trong 8051 c tai nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. i.Cac ngo vao bo dao ong tren chip : Nh a thay trong cac hnh tren , 8051 co mot bo dao ong tren chip. No thng c noi vi thach anh gia hai chan 18 va 19. Cac tu gia cung can thiet nh a ve. Tan so thach anh thong thng la 12MHz. j.Cac chan nguon : 8051 van hanh vi nguon n +5V. Vcc c noi vao chan 40 va Vss (GND) c noi vao chan 20. 3.Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet: Cac thanh ghi noi cua 8051/8031 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo lenh. V du lenh INC A se tang noi dung cua thanh ghi tch luy A len 1. Tac ong nay c ngam nh trong ma lenh. Cac thanh ghi trong 8051/8031 c nh dang nh mot phan cua RAM tren chip. V vay moi thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh ghi trc tiep, se khong co li khi at chung vao trong RAM tren chip). o la ly do e 8051/0831 co nhieu thanh ghi. Cung nh R0 en R7, co 21 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet (SFR: Special Funtion Rgister) vung tren cua RAM noi, t a ch 80H en FFH. Chu y rang hau het 128 a ch t 80H en FFH khong c nh ngha. Ch co 21 a ch SFR la c nh ngha. Ngoai tr tch luy (A) co the c truy xuat ngam nh a noi, a so cac SFR c truy xuat dung a ch trc tiep. chu y rang mot vai SFR co the c a ch hoa bit hoac byte. Ngi thiet ke phai than trong khi truy xuat bit va byte. V du lenh sau: SETB 0E0H Se Set bit 0 trong thanh ghi tch luy, cac bit khac khong thay oi. Ta thay rang E0H ong thi la a ch byte cua thanh ghi tch luy va la a ch bit co trong so nho nhat trong thanh ghi tch luy. V lenh SETB ch tac ong tren bit, nen ch co a ch bit la co hieu qua. a. T trang thai chng trnh: T trang thai chng trnh (PSW: Program Status Word) a ch D0H cha cac bit trang thai nh bang tom tat sau:
Bit PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3 Ky hieu CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 a ch D7H D6H D5H D4H D3H ngha C nh C nh phu C 0 Bit 1 chon bank thanh ghi Bit chon bank thanh ghi. 00=bank 0; a ch 00H-07H 01=bank 1: a ch 08H-0FH 10=bank 2:a ch 10H-17H 11=bank 3:a ch 18H-1FH

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 9

PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0

OV P

D2H D1H D0H

C tran D tr C Parity chan.

Bang : T trang thai chng trnh

C nh (CY) co cong dung kep. Thong thng no c dung cho cac lenh toan hoc: no se c set neu co mot so nh sinh ra bi phep cong hoac co mot so mn phep tr . V du, neu thanh ghi tch luy cha FFH, th lenh sau: ADD A,#1 Se tra ve thanh ghi tch luy ket qua 00H va set c nh trong PSW. C nh cung co the xem nh mot thanh ghi 1 bit cho cac lenh luan ly thi hanh tren bit. V du, lenh se AND bit 25H vi c nh va at ket qua tr vao c nh: ANL C,25H C nh phu: Khi cong cac so BCD, c nh phu (AC) c set neu ket qua cua 4 bit thap trong khoang 0AH en 0FH. Neu cac gia tr cong c la so BCD, th sau lenh cong can co DA A( hieu chnh thap phan thanh ghi tch luy) e mang ket qua ln hn 9 tr ve tam t 0 9. C 0 C 0 (F0)la mot bit c a dung danh cac ng dung cua ngi dung. Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi (RSO va RS1) xac nh bank thanh ghi c tch cc. Chung c xoa sau khi reset he thong va c thay oi bang phan mem neu can. V du, ba lenh sau cho phep bank thanh ghi 3 va di chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi R7 (a ch byte IFH) en thanh ghi tch luy: SETB RS1 SETB RSO MOV A,R7 Khi chng trnh c hp dch cac a ch bit ung c thay the cho cac ky hieu RS1 va RS0. Vay lenh SETB RS1 se giong nh lenh SETB 0D4H. C Tran C tran (OV) c set mot lenh cong hoac tr neu co mot phep toan b tran. Khi cac so co dau c cong hoac tr vi nhau, phan mem co the kiem tra bit nay e xac nh xem ket qua cua no co nam trong tam xac nh khong. Khi cac so khong dau c cong, bit OV co the c bo qua. Cac ket qua ln hn +127 hoac nho hn 128 se set bit OV. b. Thanh ghi B: Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi tch luy A cho cac phep toan nhan va chia. Lenh MUL AB se nhan Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 10

cac gia tr khong dau 8 bit trong A va B roi tra ve ket qua 16 bit trong A (byte thap) va B (byte cao). Lenh DIV AB se chia A cho B roi tra ve ket qua nguyen trong A va phan d trong B. Thanh ghi B cung co the c xem nh thanh ghi em a dung. No c a ch hoa ttng bit bang cac a ch bit FOH en F7H. c. Con tro ngan xep: Con tro ngan xep (SP) la mot thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H. No cha a ch cua byte d lieu hien hanh tren nh cua ngan xep. Cac lenh tren ngan xep bao gom cac thao tac cat d lieu vao ngan xep va lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep. Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP trc khi ghi d lieu, va lenh lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep se doc d lieu va lam giam SP. Ngan xep cua 8051/8031 c gi trong RAM noi va c gii han cac a ch co the truy xuat bang a ch gian tiep. chung la 128 byte au cua 8051/8031. e khi ong lai SP vi ngan xep bat au tai 60H, cac lenh sau ay c dung: MOV SP,#%FH Tren 8051/8031 ngan xep b gii han 32 byte v a ch cao nhat cua RAM tren chip la 7FH. S d cung gia tr 5FH v SP se tang len 60H trc khi cat byte d leu au tien. Ngi thiet ke co the chon khong phai khi ong lai con tro ngan xep ma e no lay gia tr mac nh khi reset he thong. Gia tr mac nh o la 07H va ket qua la ngan au tien e cat d lieu co a ch 08H. Neu phan mem ng dung khong khi ong lai SP , bank thanh ghi 1 (co the ca 2 va 3) se khong dung c v vung RAM nay a c dung lam ngan xep. Ngan xep c truy xuat trc tiep bang cac lenh PUSH va POP e lu gi tam thi va lay lai d lieu hoac c truy xuat ngam bang cac lenh goi chng trnh con (ACALL, LACALL) va cac lenh tr ve (RET,RETI) e cat va lay lai bo em chng trnh. d. Con tro d lieu: Con tro d lieu (DPTR) c dung e truy xuat bo nh ngoai la mot thanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H(DPL: byte thap) va 83H (DPH:byte cao). Ba lenh sau se ghi 55H vao RAM ngoai a ch 1000H: MOV A,#55H MOV DPTR,#1000H MOVX @DPTR,A Lenh au tien dung a ch tc thi e tai d lieu 55H vao thanh ghi tch luy, lenh th hai cung dung a ch tc thi, lan nay e tai d lieu 16 bit 1000H vao con tro d lieu. Lenh th ba dung a ch gian tiep e di chuyen d lieu trong A (55H) en RAM ngoai a ch c cha trong DPTR (1000H) e. Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap: Cac port cua 8051/8031 bao gom Port 0 a ch 80H, Port 1 a ch 90 H, Port 2 a ch A0H va Port 3 a ch B0H. Tat ca cac Port eu c a ch hoa tng bit. ieu o cung cap mot kha nang giao tiep thuan li. f. Cac thanh ghi timer: Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 11

8051/8031 cha 2 bo nh thi em 16 bit c dung trong viec nh thi hoac em s kien. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0:byte thap) va 8CH (TH0:byte cao).Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1:byte thap) va 8DH (TH1: byte cao). viec van hanh timer c set bi thanh ghi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H va thanh ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch co TCON c a ch hoa tng bit. g. Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep: 8051/8031 chc mot port noi tiep tren chip danh cho viec trao oi thong tin vi cac thiet b noi tiep nh may tnh, modem hoac cho viec giao tiep vi cac IC khac co giao tiep noi tiep (co bo chuyen oi A/D, cac thanh ghi dch..). Mot thanh ghi goi la bo em d lieu noi tiep (SBUF) a ch 99H sse gi ca hai gi lieu truyen va nhan. Khi truyen d lieu th ghi len SBUf, khi nhan d lieu th oc SBUF. Cac mode van hanh khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) (c a ch hoa tng bit) a ch 98H. h. Cac thanh ghi ngat: 8051/8031 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat, 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b cam sau khi reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec ghi thanh ghi cho phep ngat (IE) a ch 8AH. Ca hai thanh ghi c a ch hoa tng bit. i. Cac thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat: Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON) a ch 87H cha nhieu bit ieu khien. Chung c tom tat trong bang sau:
Bit Ky hieu SMOD ngha Bit gap oi toc o baud, neu c set th toc o baud se tang gap oi trong cac mode 1,2 va 3 cua port noi tiep Khong nh ngha Khong nh ngha Khong nh ngha Bit c a dung 1 Bit c a dung 0 Giam cong suat, c set e kch hoat mode giam cong suat, ch thoa khi reset Mode ch, set e kch hoat mode ch, ch thoat khi co ngat hoac reset he thong.

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

GF1 GF0 PD IDL

Bang :Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON)

4. Lenh reset. 8051/8031 c reset bang cach gi chan RST mc cao t nhat trong 2 chu ky may va tra no ve muc thap. RST co the + V c kch khi cap ien 5dung mot+ mach R-C. 5 V
1 0 0 1 0 U F

Hnh 8. Mach reset he thong. 8

, 2 K

Trang thai cua tat ca cac thanh ghi cua 8051/8031 sau khi reset he thong c tom tat trong bang sau:

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 12

Thanh ghi em chng trnh Tch luy B PSW SP DPTR Port 0-3 IP IE Cac thanh ghi nh thi SCON SBUF PCON(HMOS) PCON(CMOS) Bang Trang thai cac thanh

Noi dung 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH XXX00000B 0XX00000B 00H 00H 00H 0XXXXXXB 0XXX0000B ghi sau khi reset

Quan trong nhat trong cac thanh ghi tren la thanh ghi em chng trnh, no c at lai 0000H. Khi RST tr lai mc thap, viec thi hanh chng trnh luon bat au a ch au tien trong bo nh trong chng trnh: a ch 0000H. Noi dung cua RAM tren chip khong b thay oi bi lenh reset. 5. Hoat ong cua bo nh thi (timer) a. Gii thieu. Mot nh ngha n gian cua timer la mot chuoi cac flipflop chia oi tan so noi tiep vi nhau, chung nhan tn hieu vao lam nguon xung nhp. Ngo ra cua tan so cuoi lam nguon xung nhp cho flip-flop bao tran cua timer (flip-flop c). Gia tr nh phan trong cac flip-flop cua timer co the xem nh so em so xung nhp (hoac cac s kien) t khi khi ong timer. V du timer 16 bit se em len t 0000H en FFFFH. C bao tran se len 1 khi so em tran t FFFFH en 0000H. 8051/8031 co 2 timer 16 bit, moi timer co bon cach lam viec. Ngi ta s dung cac timer e : a) nh khoang thi gian, b) em s kien hoac c) tao toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong 8051/8031. Trong cac ng dung nh khoang thi gian, ngi ta lap trnh timer mot khoang eu an va at c tran timer. C c dung e ong bo hoa chng trnh e thc hien mot tac ong nh kiem tra trang thai cua cac ca ngo vao hoac gi cac s kien ra cac ngo ra. Cac ng dung khac co the s dung viec tao xung nhp eu an cua timer e o thi gian troi qua gia hai s kien (v du : o o rong xung). em s kien dung e xac nh so lan xay ra cua mot s kien. Mot s kien la bat c tac ong ngoai nao co the cung cap mot chuyen trang thai tren mot chan cua 8051/8031. Cac timer cung co the cung cap xung nhp toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong 8051/8031.Truy xuat timer cua 8051/8031 dung 6 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho trong bang sau:
SFR TCON TMOD MUC CH ieu khien timer Che o timer A CH 88H 89H a ch hoa tng bit Co Khong

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 13

TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1

Byte thap cua timer 0 Byte thap cua timer 1 Byte cao cua timer 0 Byte cao cua timer 1 Bang : Thanh ghi

8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH

Khong Khong Khong Khong

chc nang ac biet dung timer.

b. Thanh ghi che o timer (TMOD) Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhom 4 bit dung e at che o lam viec cho timer 0 va timer 1.
Bit
7 6 5 4

Ten

Timer
1

Mo ta

GATE C/T M1 M0

1 1

3 2 1 0

GATE C/T M1 M0

0 0 0 0

Bit (M) cong, khi len 1 timer ch chay khi INT1 mc cao. Bit chon che o counter/timer 1=bo em s kien 0=bo nh khoang thi gian Bit 1 cua che o(mode) Bit 0 cua che o 00: che o 0 : timer 13 bit 01: che o 1 : timer 16 bit 10: che o 2 : t ong nap lai 8255A bit 11: che o 3 : tach timer Bit (m) cong Bit chon counter/timer Bit 1 cua che o Bit 0 cua che o

Bang : Tom tat thanh ghi TMOD

c. Thanh ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) Thanh ghi TCON cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cho timer 0 va timer 1.
TCON.7

Bit

Ky hieu

TF1 8FH tran, c xoa bi

a ch

C bao tran timer 1. at bi phan cng khi phan mem hoac phan cng khi bo x ly

Mo ta

ch en chng trnh TCON.6 TR1 8EH phan mem cho timer 8DH 8CH 8BH 8AH phuc vu ngat. Bit ieu khien timer 1 chay. at/xoabang chay/ngng. C bao tran timer 0 Bit ieu khien timer 0 chay C canh ngat 1 ben ngoai, ac bi C kieu ngat mot ben ngoai.phan cng khi xuong INT1, xoa bang phan mem hoac phan cng khi CPU ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat.at/xoa bang phan mem e TCON.1 TCON.0 IE0 IT0 89H 88H ngat ngoai tch cc canh xuong/mc thap C canh ngat 0 ben ngoai C kieu ngat 0 ben ngoai

TCON.5 TF0 TCON.4 TR0 TCON.3 IE1 TCON.2 IT1 phat hien mot canh

Bang : Tom tat thanh ghi TCON

d. Cac che o timer. Che o 0, che o timer 13 bit. e tng thch vi 8048 (co trc 8051) Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 14

Ba bit cao cua TLX (TL0 va/hoac TL1) khong dung

Xung nhp timer TLx (5 bit) THx (8 bit) TFx C bao tran

Che o 1- che o timer 16 bit. Hoat ong nh timer 16 bit ay u. C bao tran la bit TFx trong TCON co the oc hoac ghi bang pham mem. MSB cua gia tr trong cac thanh ghi timer la bit 7 cua THx va LBS la bit 0 cua TLx. Cac thanh ghi timer (Tlx/THx) co the c oc hoac ghi bat c luc nao bang pham mem. Xung nhp TLx THx Timer C bao tran (5 bit) (8 TFx

bit)

Che o 0- che o t ong nap lai 8 bit. TLx hoat ong nh mot timer 8 bit, trong khi o THx van gi nguyen gia tr c nap. Khi so em tran t FFH en 00H, khong nhng c timer c set ma gia tr trong THx ong thi c nap vao TLx. Viec em tiep tuc t gia tr nay len en FFH xuong 00H va nap lai... che o nay rat thong dung v s tran timer xay ra trong nhng khoang thi gian nhat nh va tuan hoan mot khi a khi ong TMOD va THx.
Xung nhp timer
TLx (8 bit)

TFx Nap lai

C bo trn
THx (8 bit)

Che o 3- che o tach timer Timer 0 tach thanh hai timer 8 bit (TL0 va TH0), TL0 co c bao tran la TF0 va TH0 co c bao tran la TF1. Timer 1 ngng che o 3, nhng co the c khi ong bang cach chuyen sang che o khac. Gii han duy nhat la c bao tran TF1 khong con b tac ong khi timer 1 b tran v no a c noi ti TH0. Khi timer 0 che o 3, co the cho timer 1 chay va ngng bang cach chuyen no ra ngoai va vao che o 3. No van co the c s dung bi port noi tiep nh bo tao toc o baund hoac no co the c s dung bang bat c cach nao khong can ngat (v no khong con c noi vi TF1).
Xung nhp Timer Xung nhp Timer

TL1 TH1 TL0

I/12 Fosc

TF0
Trang 15

Mach khong che nhiet o

TH0

TF1

C bao tran

e.Nguon tao xung nhp. Co hai nguon tao xung nhp co the co, chon bang cach ghi vao bit C/T (counter/timer) trong TMOD khi khi ong timer. Mot nguon tao xung nhp dung cho nh khoang thi gian, cai khac cho em s kien. Crytal T0 or T1 pin
Nguon xung tao nhp

On chip Osillat or

1 2

Timer Clock

C /T

0=Up (Internal Timing) 1=Down (Event Counting)

- nh khoang thi gian (interval timing) Neu C/T =0 hoa t ong timer lien tuc c chon va timer c dung cho viec nh khoang thi gian. Luc o, timer lay xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chip. Bo chia 12 c them vao e giam tan so xung nhp en gia tr thch hp cho phan ln cac ng dung. Nh vay thach anh 12 MHz se cho toc o xung nhp timer 1 MHz. Boa tran timer xay ra sau mot so (co ng) xung nhp, phu thuoc vao gia tr ban au c nap vao cac thanh ghi timer TLx/THx. - em s kien (Event counting) - Neu C/T=1, timer lay xung nhp t nguon ben ngoai. Trong hau het cac ng dung nguon ben ngoai nay cung cap cho timer mot xung kh xay ra mot s kien , timer dung em s kien c xac nh bang phan mem bang cach oc cac thanh ghi TLx/THx v gia tr 16 bit trong cac thanh ghi nay tang them 1 cho moi s kien. Nguon xung nhp ngoai co t thay oi chu7c nang cua cac chan port 3. Bit 4 cua port 3 (P3.4) dung lam ngo vao tao xung nhp ben trong timer 0 va c goi la T0. Va p3.5 hay T1 la ngo vao tao xung nhp cho timer 1. f.Bat au dng va ieu khien cac timer. Phng phap mi n gian nhat e bat au (cho chay) va dng cac timer la dung cac bit ieu khien chay :TRx trong TCON, TRx b xoa sau khi reset he thong. Nh vay, cac timer theo mac nhien la b cam (b dng). TRx c at len 1 bang phan mem e cho cac timer chay.
Xung nhp Timer

Cac thanh ghi timer TRx

0=len : timer dng

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 16

1=xuong : timer chay cho chay va dng timer

V TRx trong thanh ghi TCON co a ch bit, nen de dang cho viec ieu khien cac timer trong chng trnh. V du : cho timer 0 chay bang lenh : SETB TR0 va dng bang lenh SETB TR0 Trnh bien dch se thc hien viec chuyen oi ky hieu can thiet t TR0 sang a ch bit ung. SETB TR0 chnh xac giong nh SETB 8CH. g.Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi timer. Thong thng cac thanh ghi c khi ong mot lan au chng trnh e at che o lam viec cho ung. Sau o trong than chng trnh cac timer c cho chay, dng , cac bit c c kiem tra va xoa, cac thanh ghi timer c oc va cap nhat... theo oi hoi cua cac ng dung. TMOD la thanh ghi th nhat c khi ong v no at che o hoat ong. V du cac lenh sau khi khi ong timer 1 nh timer 16 bit (che o 1) co xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chp cho viec ng khoang thi gian. MOV TMOD,#00010000B Lenh nay se at M1=0 va M0=1 cho che o 1, C/T=0 va GATE=0 cho xung nhp noi va xoa cac bit che o timer 0. D nhien timer that s khong bat au nh thi cho en khi bit ieu khien chayy TR1 c at len 1. Neu can so em ban au, cac thanh ghi timer TL1/TH1 cung phai c khi ong. Nh lai la cac timer em len va at c bao tran khi co s truyen tiep. FFFFH sang 0000H. - oc timer ang chay. Trong mot so ng dung can oc gia tr trong cac thanh ghi timer ang chay. V phai oc 2 thanh ghi timer sai pha co the xay ra neu byte thap tran vao byte cao gia hai lan oc. Gia tr co the oc c khong ung. Giai phap la oc byte cao trc, ke o oc byte thap roi oc byte cao lai mot lan na. Neu byte cao a thay oi th lap lai cac hoat ong oc. h. Cac khoang ngan va cac khoang dai. Day cac khoang thi gian co the nh thi la bao nhieu ? van e nay c khao sat vi 8051/8031 hoat ong vi tan so 12MHz. nh vay xung nhp cua cac timer co tan so la 1 MHz. Khoang thi gian ngan nhat co the co b gii han khong ch bi tan so xung nhp cua timer ma con bi phan mem. Do anh hng cua thi khoang thc hien mot lenh. Leng ngan nhat 8051/8031 la mot chu ky may hay 1s. Sau ay la bang tom tat cac ky thuat e tao nhng khoang thi gian co chieu dai khac nhau (vi gia s xung nhp cho 8051/8031 co tan so 12 MHz)
Khoang thi gian toi a 10 - Timer 8 bit vi t ong nap lai 65535 Khong gii han Ky thuat - Bang phan mem

- Timer 16 bit - Timer 16 bit cong vi cac vong lap phan mem Cac ky thuat e lap trnh cac khoang thi gian (FOSC=12 MHz)

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 17

6. Hoat ong port noi tiep. a.Gii thieu. 8051/8031 co mot port noi tiep trong chip co the hoat ong nhieu che o khac tren mot day tan so rong. Chc nang chu yeu cua mot port noi tiep la thc hien chuyen oi song song sang noi tiep vi d lieu xuat va chuyen oi noi tiep sang song song vi d lieu nhap. Truy xuat phan cng en port noi tiep qua cac chan TXD va RXD. Cac chan nay co cac chc nang khac vi hai bit cua port 3. P3 chan 11 (TXD) va P3.0 chan 10 (RXD). Port noi tiep cho hoat ong song cong (full duplex : thu va phat ong thi) va em luc thu (receiver buffering) cho phep mot ky t se c thu va c gi trong khi ky t th hai c nhan. Neu CPU oc ky t th nhat trc khi ky t th hai c thu ay u th d lieu se khong b mat. Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho phep phan mem truy xuat en port noi tiep la : SBUF va SCON. Bo em port noi tiep (SBUF) ai ch 99H that s la hai bo em. Viet vao SBUF e truy xuat d lieu thu c. ay la hai thanh ghi rieng biet thanh ghi ch ghi e phat va thanh ghi e thu.
TXD (P3.1) RXD (P3.0) CLK
SUBF (Ch ghi)

Xung nhp toc o baud (thu)

D CLK Xung nhp toc SBUF o baud (thu)

Thanh ghi dch

(ch oc) SBUF (ch oc)

BUS noi 8051/8031

Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H la thanh ghi co a ch bit cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien. Cac bit ieu khien at che o hoat ong cho port noi tiep, va cac bit trang thai bao cao ket thuc viec phat hoac thu ky t. Cac bit trang thai co the c kiem tra bang phan mem hoac co the c lap trnh e tao ngat.

Hnh 9. S o port noi tiep.

Tan so lam viec cua port noi tiep con goi la toc o baund co the co nh (lay t bo giao ong cua chip). Neu s dung toc o baud thay oi, timer 1 se cung cap xung nhp toc o baud va phai c lap trnh. b. Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep.
Che o hoat ong cua port noi tiep c at bang cach ghi vao thanh ghi che o port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H. Sau ay cac bang tom tat thanh ghi SCON va cac che o cua port noi tiep :

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 18

BitKy hieu a ch SCON.7 SM0 SCON.6 tiep SCON.5 x ly trong 9FH SM1 SM2

Mo ta Bit 0 cua che o port noi tiep 9EH Bit 1 cua che o port noi 9DH Bit 2 cua che o 2 noi tiep. cho phep truen thong a cac che o 2 va 3 ;RI se

khong b tac ong neu bit th 9 thu c la 0 SCON.4 len 1 e SCON.3 phat cac va xoa SCON.2 SCON.1 khi ket thuc mem SCON.0 ket thuc thu phan mem Bang :Tom tat thanh ghi che o port noi tiep SCON. RB8 TI 9AH 99H bang phan mem Bit 8 thu, bit th 9 thu c C ngat phat. at len 1 phat ky t; c xoa phan RI 98H C ngat thu. at len 1 khi ky t; c xoa bang REN TB8 9CH 9BH Cho phep bo thu phai at thu (nhan) cac ky t Bit 8 phat, bit th 9 c che o 2 va 3; c at

Trc khi s dung port noi tiep, phai khi ong SCON cho ung che o. V du ,lenh sau: MOV SCON,#01010010B Khi ong port noi tiep cho che o 1 (SM0/SM1=0/1), cho phep bo thu (REN=1) va at c ngat phat (TP=1) e ch bo phat san sang hoat ong. c.Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cong noi tiep. Cho phep thu: Bit cho phep bo thu (REN = Receiver Enable) trong SCON phai c at len 1 bang phan mem e cho phep thu cac ky t. Thong thng thc hien viec nay au chng trnh khi khi ong cong noi tiep, timer...Co the thc hien viec nay theo hai cach. Lenh : SETB REN Se at REN len 1, hoac lenh : MOV SCON,#xxx1xxxxB Se at REN 1 va ac hoac xoa i cac bit khac tren SCON khi can (cac x phai la 0 hoac 2 e ac che o lam viec). Bit d lieu th 9: Bit d lieu th 9 can phat trong cac che o 2 va 3, phai c nap vao trong TB8 bang phan mem. Bit d lieu th 9 thu c at RBS. Phan mem co the can hoac khong can bit d Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 19

lieu th 9, phu thuoc vao cac ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet b noi tiep s dung (bit d lieu th 9 cung ong vai mot tro quan trong trong truyen thong a x ly). Them 1 bit parity: Thng s dung bit d lieu th 9 e them parity vao ky t. Nh a xet cac chng trc, pit P trong t trang thai chng trnh (PSW) c at len 1 hoac b xoa bi chu ky may e thiet lap kiem tra chan vi 8 bit trong thanh tch luy. Cac c ngat: Hai c ngat thu va phat (RI va TI) trong SCON ong mot vai tro quan trong truyen thong noi tiep dung 8051/8031. Ca hai bit c at len 1 bang phan cng, nhng phai c xoa bang phan mem. d . Toc o baud port noi tiep. Nh a noi, toc o baud co nh cac che o 0 va 2. Trong che o 0 no luon luon la tan so dao ong tren chip c chia cho 12 . Thong thng thach anh an nh tan so dao ong tren chip cua 8051/8031 nhng cung co the s dung nguon xung nhp khac. Gia s vi tan so dao ong danh nh la 12 MHz, tm toc o baud che o 0 la 1 MHz. Dao ong Xung nhp 12 tren chip toc o baud a. Che o 0

64
Dao ong tren chip SMOD=0 Xung nhp toc o baud

32 b. Che o 2 32

SMOD=1

Dao ong
tren chip

SMOD=0

Xung nhp toc o baud

Hnh10. Cac nguon tao xung nhp cho port noi tiep.

c. Che o 1 va 3. Mac nhien, sau khi reset he thong, toc o baud che o la 2 tan so bo dao ong chia cho 64. Toc o baud cung anh hng bi 1 bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien nguon cung cap (PCON). Bit 7 cua PCON la bit SMOD. at bit sMOD len mot lam gap oi toc o baud trong che o 1,2 va 3. Trong che o 2, toc o baud co the b gap oi t gia tr mac nhien cua 1/64 tan so dao ong (SMOD=0) en 1/32 tan so dao ong (SMOD=1) V PCON khong c nh a ch theo bit, nen e at bit SMOD len 1 can phai theo cac lenh sau: MOV A,PCON lay gia tr hien thi cua PCON SETB ACC.7 at bit 7 (SMOD) len 1 Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 20

16

SMOD=1

MOV PCON,A ghi gia tr ngc ve PCON Cac toc o baud trong cac che o 1 va 3 c xac nh bang toc o tran cua timer 1. V timer hoat ong tan so tng oi cao, tran timer c chia them cho 32 (hay 16 neu SMOD=1) trc khi cung cap xung nhp toc o baud cho port noi tiep.

CHNG 2 O NHIET O
I.H THNG O LNG Gii thieu e thc hien phep o cua mot ai lng nao o th tuy thuoc vao ac tnh cua ai lng can o,ieu kien o,cung nh o chnh xac theo yeu cau cua mot phep o ma ta co the thc hien o bang nhieu cach khac nhau tren c s cua cac he thong o lng khac nhau. S o khoi cua mot he thong o lng tong quat 1.
Chuyen oi

Mach o

Ch th

_ Khoi chuyen oi: lam nhiem vu nhan trc tiep cac ai lng vat ly ac trng cho oi tng can o bien oi cac ai lng thanh cac ai lng vat ly thong nhat(dong ien hay ien ap) e thuan li cho viec tnh toan. _ Mach o: co nhiem vu tnh toan bien oi tn hieu nhan c t bo chuyen oi sao cho phu hp vi yeu cau the hien ket qua o cua bo ch th. _ Khoi ch th:lam nhiem vu bien oi tn hieu ien nhan c t mach o e the hien ket qua o. 2. He thong o lng so He thong o lng so c nhom ap dung e thc hien luan van nay v co cac u iem:cac tn hieu tng t qua bien oi thanh cac tn hieu so co cac xung ro rang trang thai 0,1 se gii han c nhieu mc tn hieu gay sai so .Mat khac ,he thong nay tng thch vi d lieu cua may tnh,qua giao tiep vi may tnh ng dung rong rai trong ky thuat. a. S o khoi
ai lng o Ca m bie n Ca m bie n Che bien Tn hieu o Che bien Tn hieu o
Don kenh tng t

ADC

Vi x ly

Hient h
S dung ket qua

ai lng o

ieu khien chon kenh

Chng

Nguyen ly hoat ong oi tng can o la ai lng vat ly,da vao cac ac tnh cua oi tng can o ma ta chon mot loai cam bien phu Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 21

b.

Hnh13. S o khoi cua he thong o lng so trnh

hp e bien oi thong so ai lng vat ly can o thanh ai lng ien ,a vao mach che bien tn hieu(gom:bo cam bien,he thong khuech ai,x ly tn hieu). Bo chuyen oi tn hieu sang so ADC(Analog Digital Converter) lam nhiem vu chuyen oi tn hieu tng t sang tn hieu so va ket noi vi vi x ly. Bo vi x ly co nhiem vu thc hien nhng phep tnh va xuat ra nhng lenh tren c s trnh t nhng lenh chap hanh a thc hien trc o. Bo don kenh tng t (multiplexers) va bo chuyen ADC c dung chung tat ca cac kenh. D lieu nhap vao vi x ly se co tn hieu chon ung kenh can x ly e a vao bo chuyen oi ADC va oc ung gia tr ac trng cua no qua tnh toan e co ket qua cua ai lng can o. II. CC PHNG PHP O NHIT o nhiet o la mot phng thc o lng khong ien, o nhiet o c chia thanh nhieu dai: + o nhiet o thap + o nhiet o trung bnh + o nhiet o cao. Viec o nhiet o c tien hanh nh cac dung cu ho tr chuyen biet nh: + Cap nhiet ien + Nhiet ke ien ke kim loai + Nhiet ien tr kim loai + Nhiet ien tr ban dan + Cam bien thach anh. Viec s dung cac IC cam bien nhiet e o nhiet o la mot phng phap thong dung c nhom s dung trong tap luan van nay, nen ay ch gii thieu ve IC cam bien nhiet. Nguyen ly hoat ong chung cua IC o nhiet o IC o nhiet o la mot mach tch hp nhan tn hieu nhiet o chuyen thanh tn hieu ien di dang dong ien hay ien ap. Da vao ac tnh rat nhay cua cac ban dan vi nhiet o, tao ra ien ap hoac dong ien, t le thuan vi nhiet o tuyet oi. o tn hieu ien ta biet c gia tr cua nhiet o can o. S tac ong cua nhiet o tao ra ien tch t do va cac lo trong trong chat ban dan. Bang s pha v cac phan t, bt cac electron thanh dang t do di chuyen qua vung cau truc mang tinh the tao s xuat hien cac lo trong. Lam cho t le ien t t do va lo trong tang len theo qui luat ham mu vi nhiet o . ac tnh cua mot so IC o nhiet o thong dung +AD590 Ngo ra la dong ien. o nhay 1A/0K. o chnh xac +40C. Nguon cung cap Vcc = 4 30V. Pham vi s dung 55oc en 150oc + LX5700 Ngo ra la ien ap. Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 22

o nhay 10mv/0K. Pham vi s dung 550C 1500C. + LM135,LM335 Ngo ra la ien ap. o nhay 10mv/0C. Sai so cc ai 1,50C khi nhiet o ln hn 1000C. Pham vi s dung 550C 1500C.

CHNG 3 CHUYEN OI TNG T SO

I KHAI NIEM CHUNG Ngay nay viec truyen at tn hiey cung nh qua trnh ieu khien va ch th phan ln c thc hien theo phng phap so. Trong khi o tn hieu t nhien co dang tng t nh: nhiet o, ap suat, cng o anh sang, toc o quay, tn hieu am thanh e ket noi gia nguon tn hieu tng t vi cac he thong x ly so ngi ta dung cac mach chuyen oi tng t sang so(ADC) nham bien oi tn hieu tng t sang so hoac trong trng hp ngc lai can bien oi tn hieu so sang tng t thi dung cac mach DAC (Digital Analog Converter). II.GII THIU V IC ADC 0809 Bo ADC 0809 la mot thiet b CMOS tch hp vi mot bo chuyen oi t tng t sang so 8 bit, bo chon 8 kenh va mot bo logic ieu khien tng thch. Bo chuyen oi AD 8 bit nay dung phng phap chuyen oi xap x tiep. Bo chon kenh co the truy xuat bat kenh nao trong cac ngo vao tng t mot canh oc lap. Thiet b nay loai tr kha nang can thiet ieu chnh iem 0 ben ngoai va kha nang ieu chnh t so lam tron ADC 0809 de dang giao tiep vi cac bo vi x ly. * S o chan ADC 0809:
IN2 28 IN1 IN0 REF 2-6 A B C ALE 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-8

15

1 14

ADC0809

START * Y ngha cac chan: IN7 . IN0 en IN7 : 8 ngo vao tng t. . A, B, C : giai ma chon mot trong 8 ngo vao

IN3 IN4

IN5 IN6

EOC 2-5

OE

CLK VCC REF GND 2-7

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 23

. Z-1 en Z-8 : ngo ra song song 8 bit . ALE : cho phep chot a ch . START : xung bat au chuyen oi . CLK : xung ong ho . REF (+) : ien the tham chieu (+) . REF (-) : ien the tham chieu (-) . VCC : nguon cung cap * Cac ac iem cuaADC 0809: . o phan giai 8 bit . Tong sai so cha chnh nh LSB; 1 LSB . Thi gian chuyen oi: 100s tan so 640 kHz . Nguon cung cap + 5V . ien ap ngo vao 0 5V . Tan so xung clock 10kHz 1280 kHz . Nhiet o hoat ong - 40oC en 85oC . De dang giao tiep vi vi x ly hoac dung rieng . Khong can ieu chnh zero hoac ay thang * Nguyen ly hoat ong: ADC 0809 co 8 ngo vao tng t, 8 ngo ra 8 bit co the chon 1 trong 8 ngo vao tng t e chuyen oi sang so 8 bit. Cac ngo vao c chon bang cach giai ma. Chon 1 trong 8 ngo vao tng t c thc hien nh 3 chan ADDA , ADDB , ADDC nh bang trang thai sau:
A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Ngo vao c chon IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7

Sau khi kch xung start th bo chuyen oi bat au hoat ong canh xuong cua xung start, ngo ra EOC se xuong mc thap sau khoang 8 xung clock (tnh t canh xuong cua xung start). Luc nay bit c trong so ln nhat (MSB) c at len mc 1, tat ca cac bit con lai mc 0, ong thi tao ra ien the co gia tr Vref/2, ien the nay c so sanh vi ien the vao in. + Neu Vin > Vref/2 th bit MSB van mc 1. + Neu Vin < Vref/2 th bit MSB van mc 0. Tng t nh vay bit ke tiep MSB c at len 1 va tao ra ien the co gia tr Vref/4 va cung so sanh vi ien ap ngo vao Vin. Qua trnh c tiep tuc nh vay cho en khi xac nh c bit cuoi cung. Khi o chan EOC len mc 1 bao cho biet a ket thuc chuyen oi. Trong suot qua trnh chuyen oi chan OE c at mc 1, muon oc d lieu ra chan OE xuong mc 0. Trong suot qua trnh chuyen oi neu co 1 xung start tac ong th ADC se ngng chuyen oi. Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 24

Ma ra N cho mot ngo vao tuy y la mot so nguyen. N= 256.(VIN Vref ( ) ) Vref ( + ) Vref ( )

Trong o Vin : ien ap ngo vao he so sanh. Vref(+): ien ap tai chan REF(+). Vref(-): ien ap tai chan REF(-). Vin Neu chon Vref(-) = 0 th N = 256. Vref (+ ) Vref(+) = Vcc = 5V th ay thang la 256. Gia tr bc nho nhat 5 1 LSB = 8 = 0,0196 V/byte 2 1 Vay vi 256 bc Vin = 5V. Ap vao ln nhat cua ADC 0809 la 5V. *Mach tao xung clock cho ADC 0809: S dung mach dao ong dung cac cong not e tao dao ong cho ADC nh sau: Vcc IK IK 10K 560 P Tan so dao ong cua mach la f = 1 3RC

Tan so dao ong chuan la 600 kHz 1 Suy ra 640 = 3RC Vi R t 100 en vai k chon R =1 k C = 500 PF.

CHNG 4 THIT K PHN CNG

I.S KHI

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 25

He hoat ong theo chng trnh a nap tren ROM , qua s ieu khien cua MCU 8051 phan cam bien nhiet at ni ta muon o ,no se o tn hieu cua nhiet o qua mc ien ap tn hieu analog c chuyen thanh tn hieu so va giao tiep vi he thong qua data bus. Tren c s chng chnh c nap tren ROM va tn hieu nhan c , MCU cho phep thiet b ngoai vi hoat ong nh : hien th gia tr nhiet o tng ng ieu khien nhiet o thch hp. II .S LC CHC NANG CAC BO PHAN _ Vi x ly 8051 la phan t chnh x ly cac thong tin nhap vao va a ra cac quyet nh ieu khien. _ Phm la bo phan giao tiep ngoai vi , cho phep nhap cac thong so bang tay. _ Mach hien th , hien th cac gia tr at va gia tr o. _ Mach cam bien dung e khuyech a tn hieu va bu nhiet. _ Mach cong suat dung e ong m nguon cong suat. III.S CHI TIT CC KHI 1.Thit k phm Gm 3 phm: Phm tng Phm gim Phm chc nng Phm thoat
Hnh 14. Cc phm nhn

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 26

P 2 .4

P 2 .5

P 2 .6

P 2 .7

R S W S1 W S1 W S1 W 2

2.Khi mch cm bin nhiet Tnh toan va can chnh :

V C C - V R 2 3 9 K 2 3 D L M 3 3 5 1 C 1 R1 0 7 08 U 0 O 4 8 C C - V 2 P 6 1 F 0 K R 2 - 0 7 R 4 V C 2 C 4 8 0 K 2 3 C 3 1 0 U R 6 3 9 K C C C C V U U O 6 1 F 0 K + 1 P R- 0 3 7 3 2 U 7 1 + O P - 0 4 8 6 3 1 2 7 C O N 2 J 1 C C R 53 9 K

7 1

K V

7 1 V C C

LM335 la cam bien nhiet o co the hoat ong en 150oC tng ng vi nhiet o 0oK , LM335 cho ra ien ap 0V . C tang 1oC ,ien ap ra tang 10mV.Nh vay vi 0oC th ien ap la 2.73V. Xet mach khuech i tr : Gi Vi1 = VOUT 1 la ap ngo vao o ca U3 , Vi2 = V OUT2 ap ngo vo khong o ca U3. Ap dung phng phap xep chong cho tng kch thch ngo vo ,ngan mach ngo vao con lai ta c :

R5 = R6 = R4 = R3 =1 Vo = Vi2 Vi1 Trong trng hp ny ta chn R5=R6 v R4=R3 th Vo c vit li nh sau

Nu

Suy ra ien ap ngo ra se thay oi A *10mV khi nhiet o thay oi 1oC .o phan giai can la 0.5oC nen ien ap thay oi khi nhiet o thay oi 1oC,phai bang hai lan o phan giai cua AD0804 : Av *10mV = 2*19.6mV Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 27

=>Av = 3.92 =>Chon R5 = 39 K va R3 = 10K Can chnh : Chnh VR1sao cho VI cua U3 =2.73 + 0.01* toC Nhng trong thc te e chnh xac ,nhung LM335 vao nc a ang tan (0oC) . Chnh VR2 sao cho V2 cua U2 = 2.73V. Thiet ke bo cam bien nhiet : Tam lam viec trong he thong mach t 0 150oC. e o nhiet o chnh xac phai co cac au o ac biet. au o di dang vi mach LM335 la mot au o n gian va chnh xac vi gia thanh lai re .LM335 co o bien thien ien ap theo nhiet o la 10mV/ K ,co mot day o chnh xac kha cao va cam bien nhiet tot nhiet o 25oC co o sai so nho hn 1oC.vi tam o t nhiet o 0 100oC, ngo ra cua cam bien nay tuyen tnh. Cac tnh chat cua cam bien LM335 : Chia o trc tep theo oK o chnh xac ban au la 1oC Tr khang ong < 1 Tam nhiet o rong . Khoang o 150oC Tam tuyet oi ln nhat : Dong ngc 15mA Dong thuan 10mA ien ap hoat ong ngo ra ieu kien TC =25oC, IR =1nA tng ng 2.92 3.04V Sai so nhiet 25oC ieu kien Tmin <TC <Tmax <= > 1 2oC ien ap ngo ra hoat ong ieu kien 400A<IR <5mA th tng ng t 3 14mV. Theo thong so cua nha san xuat IC LM335 co o bien thien ien ap nh sau: 0oC (273oK ) ap ra 2.73V +5V 5oC (278oK ) ap ra 2.78V o o 25 C (298 K ) ap ra 2.98V 50oC (323oK ) ap ra 32.3V Vout 100oC (373oK ) ap ra 37.3V VR LM335 Tam bien thien ien ap tng ng vi nhiet o t 0oC - 100oC la 1V ien ap ra t bo cam bien LM335 theo cong thc:

Vout = 0,01 x ToK = 2,73 + 0,01ToC. Ta co: 400A < IR < 5mA.

400A <

5 V0 < 5 mA R 5 V0 5 V0 <R< 400 A 5mA

V: 2,73V Vo 3,73 Nen: 254 < R < 5,7 k (1)

Mach khong che nhiet o Trang 28

Mat khac, theo thong so cua nha san xuat ien ap tren LM35 tai Tc = 25oC, IR = 1mA th Vo = 2,98 (V), ta co: 400A <
5 2,98 < 5mA (2) R

T (1) va (2): chon R = 2,2 k chon bien tr chnh offset VR = 15 k.

3.S nguyn l tng qut

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 29

- V V 2 R 2 C 1 C C 48 02 K + 3 U

C 1

C R3

- V 91 K

C J 3 O2 1 C N 7 C R 7 U A C C 3

V 4

C V C V C C Q C A 3 P2. 01 P2.2. 2 PP2. 3 1 Q 1 A0

J 71

C 2Q

V 3 Q

C 4

O R P 3 - 0 U 7 J6 1 C 6 3+ 1 6 2 V C 1 0 2 -K U C F O 48 C V C J 1 2 C3 4 C 6 V K U M U 1C 2 P P 2 2 . 6 . 7 14 C 2 C P R R O

N V O 2 C 4 C 6

11 A 05 1 1 A 0 5 11

05

12

C U

C 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. . P P0 P1 2P P3 P4 P5 P6 73 /7 /6 /5 /4 /3 /2 /1 /0 2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /0 . 0 A . 18 A . 29 A . 13 A . 41 A . 51 A . 61 A . 71 A X1 CA

71

- 0

V R 3

C 4

C - V 9 K 2 3 O 6 7 48

C - V - 0 5 0 K 9 7

0 C

9 7

VC C / V R EF

9 6

GD D D D + I DN K D D V RD

U P R 1 -

O C 3

- I NC R 4 C LW N 4 I A R8 A 19 C LKR D

D L M

R1

08 U 3 5 0 0 K C C

71

1 0 K T 7 H 1 4 A 5 0P 0 0 p 3 R 1 R D R C U V 7 6 4 C 3 C 0 D B 0 C I O Q N L R J 3 5 1 C O N O 1 3 S E 1 P 1D R 2 L E

3 0 1 A 2 L 9 E 1 28 PM9 C S H 5E Z 1 N 9 S T 1 8 R X 2 3 1 E A 2 GND V D 20 R C

A CD B E GD FP A CD B E GD FP A CD B E GD FP A CD B E GD FP P2. 7 P2. 6 P 2. 5 P2. 4 C S S WS WS W 1 W 1 1 2 S W P U S H B U P S T

R F3

P N 8 1 N B 7 D0 2 P B6 1 3 P B5 2 4 P B4 3 5 P B3 4 6 P B2 5 7 P B1 6 8 P EB F 7 /P 3 P 1. 3 0 1P P S 3 P 1. 3 P 1 2 3 P D 3 1. P 2 5 KP R I 3 N 1. P 3 N T P R 1 3P P 1 3P P0 1 8 3 P C P 1 3P P 0 1 X

A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 20

40 VC C

1P 1P 1P 1P 1P 1P 1P 2 1P 7 . 7 6 . P3 6 5 P3 4 P3 3 . P3 3 2 . P3 2 1 0 . P3 1 4 0 . P3 0 P3

2 . 22 . 22 . 22 . 22 . 22 . 22 . 22 .2 3 . 30 . 30 . 30 . 30 . 30 . 30 . 30 .0

GND

CA VC C VC C

CA

A BR CW DT ET FI GI DT R

0 1 2 3 4 5 8

/ / / / /N /N / /

AD A 1A 0A A A X AP AX

D 7 R D 6 D 5 D 4 T D 1 3 T D 0 2 D D 1 D 0

14

4 M U C5

N 1 L A

B Y

C D

C A O

4 6 12

J C

Mach khong che nhiet o

AB DCE FG DA P BC DE FG DA P CBD EF DGA P BC EDF GD P

VC C

VC C

Trang 30

CA

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 31

CHNG 5 THIT K PHN MM I. Lu gii thut

1.Lu gii thut tng qut:

BEGIN

NP GI TR U

Y C NHN MODE N Y NHN TNG TO < TO MAX N

TNG to T

C ADC

NHN GIM N

TO >= TO MIN

N
HIN TH

GIM to
T

HIN TH

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 32

2.Gii thut chng trnh c A/D v chng trnh i s nh phn ra BCD:

3.Gii thut xut led:

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 33

5.Gii thut chng trnh tng gim:

STAR T

C NHN MODE

Y Y

Tng 1 n v
Nhn Tng

N Y

Gim 1 n v

Nhn Gim

Gi Chng Trnh Hin Th

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 34

4.Gii thut chng trnh so snh v iu khin: START

So snh nhit t vi nhit hin ti

Cp ngun cho phn cng sut

Thot

II.Chng trnh phn mm :

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 35

MUC LUC
Trang
CHNG 1- GII THIU CHUNG V B VI IU KHIN ___________I. GII THIU ___________II. LCH S PHT TRIN CA B VI IU KHIN ___________III.KHO ST CC B VI K 8051 CHNG 2- O NHIT ___________I. H THNG O LNG ___________II. CC PHNG PHP O NHIT CHNG 3- CHUYN I TNG T S ___________I.KHI NIM CHUNG ___________II.GII THIU V IC ADC0809 CHNG 4- THIT K PHN CNG ___________I.S KHI ___________II.S LC CHC NNG CC B PHN ___________III.S CHI TIT CC KHI CHNG 5- THIT K PHN MM ___________1.LU GII THUT TNG QUT ___________2.GII THUT CHNG TRNH I S NH PHN RA BCD& ___________3.GII THUT XUT LED ___________4.GII THUT CHNG TRNH SO SNH V IU KHIN ___________5.GII THUT CHNG TRNH TNG GIM PQTRI2002@GMAIL.COM 5 5 5 6 20 20 21 22 22 22 24 24 25 25 28 28 29 29 30 30

Mach khong che nhiet o

Trang 36