Property, Plant, and Equipment Cost of Land These costs are debited to the LAND account: Purchase price

e less cash discount Legal fees and other expenditures for establishing clean title Brokers commission Fees for registration and transfer of title Cost of relocation or reconstruction of property belonging to others in order to acquire possession Mortgages, encumbrances, and interest on such mortgages assumed by the buyer Unpaid taxes up to date of acquisition assumed by the buyer Cost of survey Cost of clearing and demolishing unwanted old structures, less proceeds from salvage Payments to tenants to induce them to vacate the premises Cost of permanent improvement (cost of grading, leveling, and landscaping) Cost of option to buy the acquired land. If the land is not acquired, the cost of option is expensed outright. Cost of Building These costs are debited to the BUILDING account If the building is purchased: Purchase price less cash discount Legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with the purchase Unpaid taxes up to date of acquisition Interests and other encumbrances on the building assumed by the buyer Payments to tenants to induce them to vacate the building Any renovating or remodeling costs incurred to put a building purchased in a condition suitable for its intended use such as lighting installations, partitions, and repairs If the building is constructed: Materials used, labor employed and overhead incurred during the construction Building permit or license Architect fee Superintendent fee Cost of excavation

Cost of temporary buildings used as construction oces and tools or materials shed Expenditures incurred during the construction period such as interest on construction loans and insurance Expenditures for service equipment and xtures made as permanent part of the structure Cost of temporary safety fence around construction site and cost of subsequent removal thereof Cost of constructing the sidewalks, pavements, parking lot, driveways if such expenditures are part of the blueprint for the construction of a new building; otherwise, the cost is charged to Land Improvements. Cost of insurance taken during the construction of the building Expenditures for shelves, cabinets, and partitions if such expenditures are immovable in the sense that they are attached to the building; otherwise, the expenditures are charged to Furniture and Fixtures. Cost of ventilating/air-conditioning system, lighting system, and elevator are charged to the building account if they are installed during the construction of the building; otherwise, they are charged to Building Improvements.

Cost of Machinery/Equipment Invoice price less cash discount Freight and other handling charges (FOB Shipping Point) Insurance while in transit Installation costs (includes fees of engineers and other professionals called in to prepare the asset for its intended use), including site preparation and assembling Cost of testing and trial runs Cost of safety rail and platform surrounding the machine Cost of water device to keep machine cool Cost of Furniture and Fixtures Invoice price less cash discount Freight and other handling charges (FOB Shipping Point) Insurance while in transit

Net Method Accounting (Applicable to purchase of PPE) This is the procedure by which xed assets are recorded by the buyer at invoice price less cash discount plus incidental expenses. The cash discount is immediately deducted without full payment yet. Procedures 1. Deduct from the catalog or list price the trade discount(s) to get the invoice price. 2. Deduct from the invoice price any downpayment and/or any portion credited to Notes Payable to get the initial amount of Accounts Payable. If there is no downpayment and/or Notes Payable, the invoice price is automatically the initial amount of Accounts Payable. 3. Deduct from the initial Accounts Payable balance the following to obtain the net Accounts Payable: a. Allowance granted (at gross amount, if you are given a problem solving type) b. Cash discount [(Initial Accounts Payable balance - allowance granted in letter a) cash discount rate] 4. Add to the net liability (net Accounts Payable) the following to get the total acquisition costs of the xed asset a. Incidental capital expenditures to put the asset into use b. Downpayment and/or Notes Payable (if any) 5. The acquisition cost of a xed asset under the net method accounting is not aected whether or not full payment is made within the discount period. 6. When full payment is made beyond the discount period, the buyer debits the Discount Lost account for the forfeited cash discount. 7. The formula in computing the Discount Lost is as follows: a. If there is an allowance granted by supplier: Initial amount of Accounts Payable Less: Allowance granted (at gross amount) Net amount of Accounts Payable Multiplied by: Cash Discount Rate DISCOUNT LOST xxx xx xxx xx xx

b. If the supplier did not grant any allowance: Initial amount of Accounts Payable Multiplied by: Cash Discount Rate DISCOUNT LOST ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM June 2011 1 Goldcrest Grocery purchased microcomputer from Platinum Corporation for P100,000 less 10-5 on terms: P10,000 down and the balance 2/10 n/30 Freight of P2,300 is on terms: FOB Shipping Point, Collect Sent debit memo to the corporation due to minor damage on the computer.s casing for which the corporation granted an allowance of P10,000 Paid the following: cost of software, P12,500; installation and test runs, P2,800; cost of repainting the computer table, P1,550. Issued a check for P20,000 to Platinum Corporation as partial payment of account Fully settled account with Platinum Corporation xxx xx xx

1 4

9 13

JOURNAL ENTRIES - BOOKS OF GOLDCREST TRADING June 2011 1 Oce Equipment Cash Accounts Payable - Platinum Corporation Oce Equipment Cash 83,990 10,000 73,990 2,300 2,300

Accounts Payable - Platinum Corporation Oce Equipment Oce Equipment Repairs and Maintenance Cash Accounts Payable - Platinum Corporation Cash Accounts Payable - Platinum Corporation Discount Lost Cash

9,800 9,800 15,300 1,550 16,850 20,000 20,000 44,190 1,310 45,500

13

Notes: a. The Discount Lost account is used only when full payment is made beyond the discount period. b. If full payment is made on June 11 (within the discount period), the entry would be: 11 Accounts Payable - Platinum Corporation Cash 44,190 44,190

ACCOUNTING FOR DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSET BY SALE A. Selling price is equal to carrying value In this particular case, the sale will not involve any gain or loss from the sale of xed asset. Cash Accumulated Depreciation Fixed Asset (speci y) B. Selling price is higher than carrying value Cash Accumulated Depreciation Fixed Asset (speci y) Gain on Sale of Fixed Asset (specify) C. Selling price is lower than carrying value Cash Accumulated Depreciation Loss on Sale of Fixed Asset (specify) Fixed Asset (speci y) ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM On January 2, 2011, Platinum Trading sold one of its oce equipment costing P60,000, with accumulated depreciation of P48,000. Prepare the journal entries to record the sale of the equipment if the selling price is: a. P12,000 b. P15,000 c. P10,000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

JOURNAL ENTRIES a. Selling price is P12,000 Cash Accumulated Depreciation - Oce Equipment Oce Equipment b. Selling price is P15,000 Cash Accumulated Depreciation - Oce Equipment Oce Equipment Gain on Sale of Oce Equipment c. Selling price is P10,000 Cash Accumulated Depreciation - Oce Equipment Loss on Sale of Oce Equipment Oce Equipment 10,000 48,000 2,000 60,000 15,000 48,000 60,000 3,000 12,000 48,000 60,000