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Cn ch l di voi chai thuy tinh cn duoc nng nhit v ha nhit tu tu.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Nhit d thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k hoc ci dt
nhit d thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
+ Thoi gian thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng dng h hoc ci dt
thoi gian thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
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Buc 9: Bao n:
Thoi gian bao n 15 ngy. Sau thoi gian bao n loai bo nhung san phm bi hu hong.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Cc san phm bi hu hong sau giai doan bao n, % san phm
bi hu hong.
Buc 10: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian bao n dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo dng quy
dinh.
2.3.3 Yu cau san pham nuoc xoi nectar
- Cam quan: nuoc xoi c d dc vua phai, mu sc vng tuoi, mi thom dc trung
cua xoi tuoi, c vi ngot, chua hi ho.
- V khi luong san phm : Du khi luong tinh 240g.
- V cht luong: Dam bao hm luong cht kh cua thnh phm l 18-20%, axit 0.2-
0.4%.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
5.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- Trnh by qui trnh san xut nectar xoi. Nu ln duoc nhung yu t co ban anh
huong dn cht luong san phm nectar xoi.
- Tnh dinh muc su dung nguyn liu cho 100 don vi san phm.
- Kim tra cht luong san phm v nu ln nhung kt lun v d nghi.
5.5. Cu hoi
1. Hy nu mt s yu t co ban anh huong dn cht luong san phm nectar xoi?
2. Di voi san phm nectar xoi tai sao chng ta phai c cng doan dng ho?
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BI 6: SAN XUT RAU QUA MUI CHUA
(DUA CAI MUI CHUA, KIM CHI )
6.1. Gii thiu
Rau qua mui chua l phuong php bao quan
truyn thng c tu lu doi. L san phm ch bin tu
rau, qua bng cch ln men lactic cua duong c trong
nguyn liu. Axit lactic tao thnh lm cho san phm c
huong vi dc trung v c tnh cht st trng, uc ch
khng cho nhiu loai vi sinh vt hoat dng v giu cho
san phm khoi hu hong.
Nguoi ta mui rau qua bng mui n.
Hin nay trn thi truong c rt nhiu san phm
rau qua mui chua: dua cai mui chua, kim chi, c
pho mui chua, dua chut mui chua
6.2. Thit b|, dng c, ha cht, nguyn vt liu
6.2.1. Nguyn liu (1 nhm 3-4 sinh vin)
6.2.1.1. Dua cai muoi chua
- Cai be : 2kg
- Hnh tm : 100g
- Duong knh trng : 100g
- Mui : 100g
6.2.1.2. Kim chi
- Cai thao : 2kg - t bt : 10g
- C rt : 200g - Gung : 40g
- Hnh l : 50g - Toi : 20g
- t tuoi tri lon : 20g - Duong knh trng : 100g
- t tuoi tri nho : 20g - Mui : 100g
- Bt ngot : 20g
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6.2.2. Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HO CHT/ 1 t 3 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn ho cht Quy cch Don v| S lung Ghi ch
B. DJNG CJ/ 1 t 3 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn dng c Quy cch Don v| S luong Ghi ch
1 Thau nhua Loai lon Ci 2
2 R nhua Loai lon Ci 1
3 R nhua Loai nho Ci 1
4 Dao thi lan Loai lon Ci 2
5 Mung lon Ci 1
6 Ong dong 1 lt Ci 1
7
Cn dng h 1Kg 1- 2 Kg Ci 2
Dng cho 1 nhm
C. THIET BJ/ nhm
ST
T
Tn thit b| Quy cch Don v| S lung Ghi ch
1 Cn phn tch 2 s le Ci 1
6.3. Thc hnh
6.3.1. So do qui trnh cng ngh
6.3.1.1. Qui trnh san xuat dua cai muoi chua
Xu l
Dinh hnh
Xp keo/lo
San phm
Ln men
Chun bi dung
dich
Nguyn liu
Rt dung dich
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6.3.1.2. Qui trnh san xuat kim chi (kimchee)
6.3.2 Cc buoc tin hnh
6.3.2.1. San xuat dua cai muoi chua
Buc 1: Xu l nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu phai duoc lua chon, phn loai theo mt s chi tiu cht luong nhu: cu
trc, muc d nguyn ven.
- Chon theo muc d nguyn ven: truoc khi ch bin phai loai bo nhung l qu gi
hoc bi su, bnh. Ct bo nhung l vng a, su bnh, khuyt tt truoc khi tin hnh mui.
- Cai tuoi duoc phoi nng hoc luu tru vi ngy d hoi ho, khi ct nho d gy nt.
- Sau khi loai cc phn hu hong, khng dat yu cu, cai s duoc rua sach d loai bo
cc tap cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Nguyn liu khng dat tiu chun. (% s luong nguyn liu khng
dat tiu chun). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 2: Dinh hnh
Nguyn liu
Xu l
Phi trn
Ln men
San phm
Xp keo/lo
Dinh hnh
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- Tuy theo hnh dng cua san phm m ta ct cai thnh nhung kch thuoc khc nhau. C th
ct l cai thnh nhung khc c chiu di 4 6 cm.
Buc 3: Xp keo/ lo
O phng th nghim chng ta c th su dung keo thuy tinh, hu nhua. Bao b duoc
chun bi, rua sach khu trng, trng nuoc si v p nguoc cho ro nuoc truoc khi xp cai
vo.
Nguyn liu sau khi d dinh hnh duoc xp vo bao b. San du, nn cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
D sach cua bao b. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 4: Rt dung dich:
Thnh phn v ty l cc cht trong dung dich nuoc mui duoc pha nhu sau:
Duong 2%, mui 2% (tnh theo khi luong dung dich).
* Cch pha: Duong, mui ho tan vo nuoc, sau d loc k, dun si 5 pht.
Nhit d dich rt phai dam bao > 80
0
C, luong dich rt vo hp ngp cai v cch
ming hu 5 7mm.
Nhit d dich rt. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
Buc 5: Ln men:
Ln men o diu kin nhit d mi truong. Tuy theo nhit d mi truong m thoi gian
ln men dua cai tu 48 72 gio
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Xc dinh thoi gian ln men.
Buc 6: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian ln men dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo
dng quy dinh.
6.3.2.2. San xuat kim chi
Buc 1: Xu l nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu phai duoc lua chon, phn loai theo mt s chi tiu cht luong nhu: cu
trc, muc d nguyn ven.
- Chon theo muc d nguyn ven: truoc khi ch bin phai loai bo nhung l qu gi,
vng a hoc bi su bnh, khuyt tt truoc khi tin hnh mui.
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- Tt ca cc nguyn liu phai duoc lm ho bng cch phoi nng hoc luu tru vi
ngy.
- Sau khi loai cc phn hu hong, khng dat yu cu, nguyn liu s duoc rua sach d
loai bo cc tap cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Nhung l khng dat tiu chun. (% s luong nguyn liu khng dat
tiu chun). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 2: Dinh hnh
- Tuy theo hnh dng cua san phm m ta ct cai thao thnh nhung kch thuoc khc nhau. C
th ct l cai thao thnh nhung khc c chiu di 6 10 cm. Cung c th d nguyn l.
- D tng cht luong san phm, ta b sung thm mt vi nguyn liu phu:
+ C rt ct lt hoc tia hoa.
+ t tri nho bm nhuyn.
+ t tri lon thi soi.
+ t bt kh.
+ Toi ct lt.
+ Gung ct soi.
+ Hnh l ct khc bng chiu di cai thao.
Buc 3: Phi trn:
Sau khi nguyn liu d dinh hnh xong ta dem phi trn voi nguyn liu theo ty l sau:
+ Cai thao d dinh hnh : 87.5%
+ C rt ct lt hoc tia hoa : 5%
+ t tri nho bm nhuyn : 1%
+ t tri lon thi soi : 1%
+ t tri lon thi soi : 0.5%
+ Toi ct lt: : 2%
+ Gung ct soi. : 3%
+ Hnh l ct khc bng chiu di cai thao : 2%
(Luu : ty l nguyn liu phu c th thay di theo khu vi cua tung nguoi).
Sau d phi trn thm gia vi voi ty l sau:
+ Duong knh trng : 3%
+ Mui : 2.5%
+ Bt ngot : 0.5%
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(Luu : ty l ny tnh trn tng khi luong nguyn liu).
Buc 4: Xp keo/lo
O phng th nghim chng ta c th su dung keo thuy tinh, hu nhua. Bao b duoc
chun bi, rua sach khu trng, trng nuoc si v p nguoc cho ro nuoc truoc khi xp nguyn
liu d phi trn vo.
Sau khi cc nguyn liu d phi trn duoc sp xp vo bao b. San du, nn cht. Lc
xp cn ch dn cam quan cua san phm.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
D sach cua bao b. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 5: Ln men:
Ln men o diu kin nhit d mi truong. Tuy theo nhit d mi truong m thoi gian
ln men tu 24 72 gio
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Xc dinh thoi gian ln men.
Buc 6: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian ln men dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo
dng quy dinh.
6.3.3. Yu cau san pham
6.3.3.1. San pham dua cai muoi chua
- Cam quan: Dua cai c mu sc dc trung, dung dich khng c vn duc, khng ln
tap cht, mi vi thom ngon dc trung.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
6.3.3.2. San pham kim chi
- Cam quan: Kim chi c mu sc dc trung, ni bt l mu do cua ot, khng ln tap
cht, mi vi thom ngon dc trung cua kim chi.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
6.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- Trnh by qui trnh ch bin dua cai mui chua.
- Trnh by qui trnh ch bin kim chi .
- Tnh dinh muc su dung nguyn liu cho 1kg san phm.
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- Kim tra cht luong san phm, nhn xt tu d dua ra kin nng cao cht luong san
phm.
6.5. Cu hoi
1. So snh qui trnh san xut dua cai mui chua v qui trnh san xut kim chi?
2. Phn tch anh huong cua nng d mui ln cht luong san phm rau qua ln men?
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PHJ LJC
Ph lc 1: Phuong php chun d axit
Dng dung dich kim chun (NaOH 0.1N) d trung ha ht cc axit trong thuc phm,
voi phenoltalein l chi thi mu.
- Tin hnh do:
Ht chnh xc 5ml dich mu (phn nuoc) cho vo bercher.
Sau d cho 2 3 giot dung dich phenoltalein vo.
Cho NaOH 0,1N tu buret vo bercher mt cch tu tu. Vua nho vua lc du,
cho dn khi dung dich thu c mu hng nhat bn vung.
- Tnh kt qua:
A = 100 *
*
p
n k
A: l d axit c trong 1ml hay 1g thuc phm.
k: l h s cua tung loai axit
n: l th tch dung dich NaOH 0.1N d dng chun d dich mu (ml).
p: l trong luong hay th tch dich mu dem chun d (g hay ml).
Ch : Tri cy chua rt nhiu axit citric. Trong thuc phm nh san xut thuong cho
thm axit (chu yu l axit citric) vo d tng d chua san phm v cung gp phn bao quan
san phm. Do d h s k trong phuong trnh duoc tnh theo h s cua axit citric (k = 0,0064).
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TI LIJU THAM KHAO
SCH, GIO TRNH CHNH
[1] B mn cng ngh sau thu hoach, Bi giang cng ngh bao quan v ch bin nng san
thuc pham, Truong Dai hoc Cng nghip Thuc phm TP.HCM, 2010.
[2] B mn cng ngh sau thu hoach, Bi giang thuc hnh cng ngh bao quan v ch bin
nng san thuc pham, Truong Dai hoc Cng nghip Thuc phm TP.HCM, 2010
TI LIJU THAM KHAO
[1]. N.L. Kent, Technology of Cereals, Publisher : Robert Mawell M.C, 2000.
[2]. Mai Vn L, Bi Duc Hoi Bao quan luong thuc NXB KHKT H ni, 1987
[3].Vu Quc Trung (chu bin) So tay kv thuat bao quan luong thuc NXB KHKT H Ni,
1999
[4]. Don Du, Bi Duc Hoi Cng ngh v cc my ch bin luong thuc NXB KHKT H
ni, 1983
[5]. Mai Vn L, L Thi Cc Ch bin luong thuc (Tap 1, 2, 3, 4)- NXB KHKT H Ni,
1987
[6]. Trn Vn Chuong Cng ngh bao quan nng san sau thu hoach NXB VHDT, 2001
[7] Trn Duc Ba, Lanh dng rau qua xuat khau, Nh xut ban Nng nghip TPHCM, 2000.
[8] Trn Vn Chuong, Cng ngh bao quan, ch bin nng san sau thu hoach I-II, Nh xut
ban Vn ha dn tc H Ni, 2000.
[9] Quch Dinh, Kv thuat san xuat do hop rau qua, Nh xut ban Thanh nin, 2000.
[10] David Arthey, Philip R.Ashurst, Fruit Processing, 2001.
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