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APPENDIX E

Appendix E Recommended References

The authors asked several I&CS practitioners what books they have near their desk for ready reference. We also have added our ideas to produce the following list.

Control Valves

Control Valves, Guy Borden, Jr., Editor, an ISA publication An overall view of control valves their application, construction, design, and maintenance. The information assists engineers during control valve selection and operation. Control Valve Primer, a Users Guide, H. D. Baumann, an ISA publication This book gives practical advice on how to apply control valves. It presents insights on valve sizing, smart valve positioners, field-based architecture, network system technology, and control loop performance evaluation. The Control Valve Handbook, Fisher Controls, 2nd edition, third printing There are several good manufacturers handbooks. This one happens to be the one with which we are most familiar. It is a good reference that explains the function, features, terminology and individual components that comprise a control valve. The handbook explains how a control valve works and may provide insight into why your valve is behaving oddly. Even old timers will revisit the handbook from time to time.
Electrical

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 70, National Electric Code (NEC) (latest edition) Well, you cant, or should not, play the game without knowing the rules, and here are the rules, electrically anyway. There are good classes out there that will introduce neophytes to the code, as well as offer refresher courses to the rest of us.

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Appendix E: Recommended References

Flow

Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings and Pipe, Crane Technical Paper 410, 21st Printing, 1982, The Crane Company This is that little orange spiral bound book seen on control systems engineers desks, as well as on the desks of process and mechanical engineers. Crane Technical Paper 410 contains an invaluable memory jogging multi-page listing of fluid flow equations, an explanation of how to calculate fluid flow losses through valves and fittings, fluid property tables, and even tables showing conversion factors. It is probably the most used reference book on many desks. Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, 2nd edition, R.W. Miller, McGraw Hill This is a fine handbook providing clear, concise, and, if you want it, detailed and technical information about the science and application of flow measurement devices. It is a good source for orifice plate bore calculations. We recommend that everyone run through the manual calculation occasionally so you can better appreciate the software. It also is good to remember the factors that influence the reading you see after the system is installed. Flow Measurement, 2nd edition, D. W. Spitzer, Editor, an ISA publication An excellent handbook covering the whole array of flow meters. Emphasis is placed on the accuracy of measurement and how to ensure it. The book includes topics on forecasting flow conditions, flow meter selection, installation, calibration, and maintenance.

Standards

ISA-5.1-1984-(R1992), Instrument Symbols and Identification This is the oracle for anyone documenting a control system. From P&IDs to sketches, this is the standard for the symbolism used. This was the source document for thousands of P&ID legend sheets and hundreds of thousands of spirited discussions known colloquially as arguments. ISA-5.4-1991, Instrument Loop Diagrams So what makes a Loop Diagram? Well, this standard not only establishes the content of the ubiquitous loop, but it also presents increasing levels of complexity that can be seen in typical Loop Diagrams. ISA-5.4 includes sample loop diagrams for pneumatic, electronic and shared display systems. The sample loops define the minimum requirements for Loop Diagrams as well as additional optional items that can be included. ISA-20-1981, Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements, and Control Valves Not only are there blank specification data sheets in this standard, but next to each data sheet template, a line-by-line listing can be found telling the user what information each block or datum was supposed to provide.

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Temperature

The Temperature Handbook, 27th edition (or latest), Omega Technologies Almost everyone has at least one Omega handbook at their desk. The one referred to most often might be The Temperature Handbook, as it includes so much information about thermocouples, RTDs and other temperature elements, transmitters and controllers hey, what color code is used for a type K thermocouple, anyway?. Contains easy-to-understand technical information on many topics.
Vendors

Vendor catalogs, CDs, or more commonly, Web access to catalog information. If you are working with instrumentation, Internet access to manufacturers current specification information and model numbers is essentially a requirement. Some manufacturers have well organized, intuitive and accessible Web sites; some have simply awful Web sites. Thankfully, the better instrument and control valve suppliers have user-friendly access to ALL their technical data, which we feel is a critical criterion for instrumentation and controls professionals. If your supplier doesnt have accessible, current and complete information available on the Web, including installation and termination information, ask them to fix the site or think about finding another supplier. Hopefully, all our suppliers will eventually respond to suggestions, so it is up to us to share the pain when the sites dont work like we need them to work. The worst offenders offer minimal, glossy information with no technical meat, telling us to contact our local representative for details. In our experience, it is better to simply use a different supplier. Many instrument users link to vendor Web sites or have loaded the manufacturers installation, operation and maintenance manuals onto their Intranet, so there are no libraries of out-ofdate information to lead us astray. ISA Directory, Latest Edition The ISA Directory is the ubiquitous desk reference for locating and contacting instrument suppliers. It is invaluable, particularly when you have to depart from your comfort zone of standard devices. When you have to come up with a widget that you have never specified before, this directory gives you names to call.