Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry

Dr D K R Babajee
dkrbabajee@gmail.com

Department of Mathematics, Port Louis North SSS

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.1/16

General Formula

(1

   

between the two vectors.

where

   

and

is the angle

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.2/16

General Formula

(2

   

between the two vectors.

        

The dot product is given by

where

   

and

is the angle

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.2/16

General Formula

(3

   

between the two vectors. The length of is given by

             

The dot product is given by

where

   

and

is the angle

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.2/16

General Formula

(4

   

between the two vectors. The length of the length of is given by

is given by

                  

The dot product is given by

 

where

   

and

is the angle

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.2/16

General Formula

              



    

(5

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.3/16

General Formula

              



Requirements:-

    

(6

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.3/16

General Formula

              



Requirements:Find dot product.

    

(7

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.3/16

General Formula

              



Requirements:Find dot product. Find the modulus of the two vectors.

    

(8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.3/16

General Formula

              



Requirements:Find dot product. Find the modulus of the two vectors. Find the inverse of the cosine.

    

(9

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.3/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule By Triangle law of vectors,

uv u

!  " ! #

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.4/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule By Triangle law of vectors,

|u v| |u|

|v|

  $  ! ! 

!  " ! #
Using cosine rule,

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.4/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule

  !  

  !  

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.5/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule

!  "   !  #   "   !  # 

  !  

  !  

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.5/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule

! ! !     "       ! ! !          #     "   !  !  $ # "          #

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.5/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule

! ! !      !   "      ! ! ! !          #     $  " "       !  !  $ #  "       #       #

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.5/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 1- Cosine Rule

! ! !    $  "  ! "   $            ! ! ! !         #    #      $  " "      !     !$   " #       #       #

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.5/16

Derivation of Formula: Method 2

=
1
y
2

v

1

tan = y /x
1

1 1

2 A
x
1

tan 2 = y2/x2
C D

Figure 1: Derivation of Formula: Method 2

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.6/16

Finding the Trigonometric Ratios

AB = (x2+y2) 1 1 u
y1

cos = x /(x2+y2) 1
1 1 1 2 2 sin 1 = y1/(x1+y1)

1 A
x1

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.7/16

Finding the Trigonometric Ratios

AE = x2+y2 2 2
2 2 cos 2 = x2/(x2+y2)

v
A
x

y2

sin 2 = y2/(x2+y2) 2 2
D

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.7/16

Deriving the formula: Method 2

"  !  #

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.8/16

Deriving the formula: Method 2

"   !   #  % &  % & 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.8/16

Deriving the formula: Method 2

"        !     #      &%     % &               

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.8/16

Deriving the formula: Method 2

             

    

"        !     #      &%     % &               

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.8/16

Deriving the formula: Method 2

                  

"        !     #      &%     % &               

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.8/16

Simple way of nding the angle

=
1
y
2

v

1

= tan
1

(y /x )
1 1

A
x
1

2 = tan
C D

(y /x )
2 2

Figure 2:

Simple way of nding the angle using

(' )  21 1 0

! ' ( )  23 3 0

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.9/16

Simple way of nding the angle

yaxis

 ' ( )     
y
1

>0 1 1 = tan (y /x )
1 1 1

u O
1

xaxis x
1

measured anticlockwise from positive x-axis

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.10/16

4 5

1 Quadrant x1 > 0 & y1 > 0

st

Simple way of nding the angle

yaxis

 ' ( )     
measured anticlockwise from positive x-axis

1 1

y1

1 O xaxis

x1

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.10/16

 6 7 5 8

2 Quadrant x1 < 0 & y1 > 0

nd

= tan1 (y /x ) + 180 1 1 1 1 since tan (y /x ) < 0

1 > 0

Simple way of nding the angle

yaxis x y

 ' ( )     
1 <0
1

O
1 rd

u 3 Quadrant x1 < 0 & y1 < 0

xaxis = tan1 (y /x ) 180 1 1 1 1 since tan (y /x ) > 0

1 1

measured clockwise from positive x-axis

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.10/16

!6 7 5 8

Simple way of nding the angle

yaxis

O 1 < 0 1 1 = tan (y1/x1)

u
th

y1 xaxis

4 Quadrant x1 > 0 & y1 < 0

measured clockwise from positive x-axis

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.10/16

9 5

 ' ( )     

Simple way of nding the angle Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Simple way of nding the angle

Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

!6 7 5 8

The angle is called the argument and lies between and .

6 7 5 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Simple way of nding the angle

Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

!6 7 5 8

The angle is called the argument and lies between and .

+ve

' ( )   21 1 0

Quadrant sign of

6 @A

6 7 5 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Simple way of nding the angle

Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

!6 7 5 8

The angle is called the argument and lies between and .

+ve +ve

' ( )  (' ) 0  21 1  21 1 0  6 7 5 8

Quadrant sign of

$ BC

6 @A

6 7 5 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Simple way of nding the angle

Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

!6 7 5 8

The angle is called the argument and lies between and .

+ve +ve -ve

' (' ( ) )   (' ) 0 2 1  21 1 0 1  21 1 0 !  6 6 7 7 5 5 8 8

Quadrant sign of

D EC

$ BC

6 @A

6 7 5 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Simple way of nding the angle

Locate in which quadrant

"    #

lies.

!6 7 5 8

The angle is called the argument and lies between and .

+ve +ve -ve -ve

' (' ( ' )  )  (' (   ) )  2 1 2 1  1 0 1 0  1 0 21 !  21 1 0 6 6 7 7 5 5 8 8

Quadrant sign of

FA G

D EC

$ BC

6 @A

6 7 5 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.11/16

Advantages of this technique nd two angles using the inverse of tan.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.12/16

Advantages of this technique

nd two angles using the inverse of tan. nd the difference,

 !  4 5

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.12/16

Advantages of this technique

nd two angles using the inverse of tan. nd the difference,

no dot product and no magnitude of vectors.

 !  4 5

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.12/16

Advantages of this technique

nd two angles using the inverse of tan. nd the difference,

no dot product and no magnitude of vectors. Example 1:

 !  4 5
Find the angle between the vectors

6 $

F !D

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.12/16

and

Advantages of this technique

nd two angles using the inverse of tan. nd the difference,

no dot product and no magnitude of vectors. Example 1:

 !  4 5
Find the angle between the vectors

6 $

F !D

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.12/16

and

Example 1 using Method 1

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 1

$   6  I 

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 1

" $ !D  #   6   F  I  I

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 1



" $ !D  #   6   F  I  I

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 1

  I ! H $ I

" $ !D  #   6   F  I  I

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 1

6 5  5   D P8 I ! H $ I

" $ !D  #   6   F  I  I

" $ H !D #  " 6 H F # !$ 

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.13/16

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

 Q R &  $ 6

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

$ S S 8

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

 Q R &  $ 6 " !D  F #
is in

$ BC

quadrant and

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

$ S S 8
is +ve.

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

 Q R &  $ 6 " !D  F #
is in

$ BC

quadrant and

!D F

 Q R & 

 6 7 5 8 6 $ S T 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

$ S S 8
is +ve.

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

 Q R &  $ 6 " !D  F #
is in

$ BC

quadrant and

!D F

 Q R & 

 !  $ S S ! 6 $ S T 6 5 5 D 8

 6 7 5 8 6 $ S T 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

$ S S 8
is +ve.

Example 1 using Method 2

" $ 6 #

is in

6 @A

quadrant and

is +ve.

 Q R &  $ 6 " !D  F #
is in

$ BC

quadrant and

!D F

 Q R & 

Method 2 is more easy to apply and helps you in the chapter complex number to nd its argument.

 !  $ S S ! 6 $ S T 6 5 5 D 8

 6 7 5 8 6 $ S T 8

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.14/16

$ S S 8
is +ve.

Exercises 1. Find the angle between the vectors

!6 D

2.

! ! F S

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.15/16

and

Exercises 1. Find the angle between the vectors

!6 D

Answer=127.9 2.

! ! F S

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.15/16

and

Exercises 1. Find the angle between the vectors

!6 D ! I U

Answer=127.9

!6 U

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.15/16

2. Find the angle between the vectors

! ! F S

and

and

Exercises 1. Find the angle between the vectors

!6 D ! I U

Answer=127.9

Answer=46.3

!6 U

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.15/16

2. Find the angle between the vectors

! ! F S

and

and

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub) Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email. Abstract: a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of [an] article [or a project]; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article [or project] quickly.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email. Abstract: a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of [an] article [or a project]; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article [or project] quickly. Introduction, Sections and Conclusion.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email. Abstract: a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of [an] article [or a project]; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article [or project] quickly. Introduction, Sections and Conclusion. Marks for Project: 50 marks counted for rst term.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email. Abstract: a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of [an] article [or a project]; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article [or project] quickly. Introduction, Sections and Conclusion. Marks for Project: 50 marks counted for rst term. Deadline for submission of project: Monday 7 March 2011.

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16

MiniProject for Upper Six (Maths Main and Sub)

Write a project on Method 2 only using Microsoft Word

Project must contain Title, Name, Department, School, Email. Abstract: a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of [an] article [or a project]; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article [or project] quickly. Introduction, Sections and Conclusion. Marks for Project: 50 marks counted for rst term. Deadline for submission of project: Monday 7 March 2011.

Training by Dr Babajee D K R during the activity period (once per week).

Finding the angle between two vectors in 2 dimensions using simple Trigonometry p.16/16