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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We fell pleasure to acknowledgment our obligation to Miss. Surbhi Jain Under whose able guidance, we wear able to accomplish such mommoth task. We owe them a tremendous debt of gratitude for their encouragement and valuable suggestions. We would like to thank you principal and all the faculty member and staff member of B.M.B. College for their kind cooperation. We would also like to thank all our family member and friends for their every possible co-operation and help for this project.

Rekha Rajput

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2009-2010

SESSION 2009-2010

IMPACTE OF CLIMATE ON AGRICULTURE FOOD HABITS VAGETATION OCCUPATION

2009-10
Signature............................. SUBMITTED TO Signature............................. SBUMITTED BY Roll. No.B.A. IIIRD SEM

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY SAGAR (M.P.)

Employment in the Field of Education

SESSION 2009-2010

B.A.I ST SEMESTER & B

AUTONOMOUS GIRLS GOVERNMENT POST GRADUATE EXECLLENCE COLLEGE SAGAR (M.P.)

SIGNATURE (GUIDE) NAME OF THE GUIDE

SIGNATURE (STUDENT) NAME OF THE STUDENT

SWATI PATERIYA
STUDENTS ROLL NO:- 276

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11

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GENERAL STORE B.COM YEAR SEM

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO MISS. SURBHI JAIN B.M.B. GIRLS COLLEGE

Signature (Guide) Name of the Guide Miss. Surbhi Jain

Signature (Student) Name of the student Students Roll No.

SESSION 2009-2010

A Proejct Report on

English Literature
SUBMITTED BY JEETENDRA SEN ROLL NO. 500282 B.A. II ND YEAR III RD SEM.

C.B.R. (COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION)

y kv tq l t ty wvn ytu om qwy ut L qPswm uu l= 2009&2010

SUBMITTED BY CHANDRAVIJAY RAJPOOT
B.Sc. Final

SUPERVISION OF DR. A. DEUSKAR

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCOLOGY
DR. HARI SINGH GOUR UNIVERSITY SAGAR (M.P.)

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WORKING PROCESS OF

B.COM IVRD SEM SECTION- B

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED

DR. AMIT TIWARI
DR. HARI SINGH GOUR CENTRAL UNIVERSITY SAGAR (M.P.)

Signature Guide

Signature Student

DR. AMIT TIWARI

POOJA GUPTA ROLL NO. 525625

SESSION 2010

M.Sc. IInd Semester (Botany)

( vermicomposition )

Signature Guide

Signature Student

Name of the Guide Dr. Archana Verma

Name of Student Miss. Asmita Sonkiya Roll No. Bot /09/07

SAGAR (M.P.)

ANSHUMAN SONI
(LECTURER) Department Chemistry Pin Code 470 001

B.Sc. (CHEMISTRY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY)

----------------------------------------Signature of Guide Guided by

MR. ANSUMAN SONI

PUSHPENDRA DANGI
Roll No............................

----------------------------------Signature of Student Submitted by

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
GYANVEER COLLEGE SAGAR (M.P.)

SESSION 2010-2011

``

CLASS B.SC. IIIRD SEM

b.s

Signature of the Guide Name of the Guide

Signature of the Student Name of Student

Animesh Jain

Meenakshi Sahu
Roll No. 824689
``

CLASS B.SC. IIIRD SEM

SESSION- 2010-11
b.s

Signature of the Guide Name of the Guide

Signature of the Student Name of Student Roll No.824705

Animesh Jain Richa Shrivastava

``

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A Project Report on
Name of Class & Section
B.Sc. II Year (IV Sem.)

Dr. Neeraj Dubey

Submitted to

Govt. Arts & Commerce College Sagar (M.P.)

Name of The College

Signature (Guide).................... Name of Guide Dr. Neeraj Dubey

Signature Student.................... Name (Student) Yash Kumar Chari Student Roll No. 520703

B.Sc. II

ND
N

SEM.

Guide Signature............ Guide Name- Dr. Neeraj Dubey

Student Signature......
Student Name Sajjan Singh
Thakur

B.Sc. II Sem. Roll No.

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vkkhZokn ekxZnkZu ,oa Lusfgy lg;ksx ls bl ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks laikfnr djus dk volj izkIr gqvkA bl Ja[kyk esa] eS vkHkkjh gWw] vius xq:tuksa ekrk firk HkkbZ cfguksa ,ao fe=ksa dk ftUgksus izR;{k ,oa ijks{k :i ls esjs ijskkfu;ksa dks le>k rFkk ifj;kstuk dk;Z iw.kZ djus esa lg;ksx iznku fd;kA

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izkpk;Z egksn; dk vkHkkj izdV djrk gWw ftUgksus esjk ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks rS;kj djkus esa egkfo|ky; esa lqfo/kk,W iznku dh A okf.kT; foHkkx ds foHkkxk/;{k kkghu [kku dks Hkh /kU;okn nsrk gWw ftUgksus le; le; ij ekxZnkZu fn;k esjs funsZk Jh fukkar JhokLro dks g`n; ls /kU;okn nsrk gWw ftUgksus viuk vewY; le; nsdj esjs ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks lEiUu djk;k lkFk gh lkFkegkfo|ky; ds mu leLr fk{kdksa dks /kU;okn nsrk gWw ftUgksus izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k :i ls esjs ifj;kstuk dk;Z esa ekxZnkZu nsrs jgsA

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t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 fooj.k vkHkkj kks/k funsZkd dk izek.k i= fo|kFkhZ dk ?kksk.kk i= losZf{kr laLFkk dk izek.k i= ifj;kstuk dk;Z dh foLr`r :ijs[kk fodYiksa ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh izkjafHkd nqX/k dh vko;drk ,oa lajpuk Ms;jh O;olk; ls vkk; ikqikyu ds laca/k esa i`B ekad 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 12 13 14

11 12 13 14 15

Ms;jh O;olk; dk egRo nqX/k dh fdLe esa lq/kkj Hkkjr esa ikq/ku dk egRo Hkkjrh; ikq/ku ,d utj esa miHkksDrkvksa dh fkdk;rksa dks

15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 24 30 31 32 34

nwj djuk 16 xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj 17 18 19 20 21 volj ikq vkgkj esa deh Ms;jh O;olk; ds xq.k Hkkjr esa nqX/k O;olk; dh leL;k;sa Hkkjr esa osr kafr e/;iznsk dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa nqX/k

O;olk; 22 ikqvksa esa jksxksa dk izdksi ,oa ij[k 23 ikqvksa esa jksxksa dk fuokj.k 24 ikqvksa ds fy;s mfpr vkgkj dh O;oLFkk

(xii)

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-22-

(xiv)

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OF WOMAN POLICE IN SAGAR CITY

B.A.IV

TH

SEMESTER

Project Report Submitted to

DR. HARI SINGH GOUR CENTRAL UNIVERSITY SAGAR (M.P.)

Name of Guide Dr. Vivek Mehta

Dr.Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar (M.P.) Deptt. of C & F Science.

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT
NAME OF STUDENT

Abhay Kumar Dubey

Roll Number : 500142 , Enrollment No. I/20455

B.COM. II

ND

SEMESTER

DR. J.P.N. PANDEY

PRINCIPAL GOVT. ART AND COMMERCE COLLAGE SAGAR SIGNATURE GUIDE SIGNATURE OF STUDENT

NAME OF THE GUIDE

NAME OF STUDENT

Dr. A.K. Jain

AKANSHA PAUL ROLL NO.827696

B.COM IIND SEMESTER

SIGNATURE GUIDE

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT

NAME OF THE GUIDE Dr. J.K. Jain

NAME OF STUDENT PARUL THAKUR B.Com II Sem ROLL NO. 172

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Project Report Submitted to

PRIYANKA MISHRA egkfo|ky; dk uke

GYANVEER MAHAVIDHALAYA GOPALGANJ SAGAR (M.P.)

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Project Report Submitted to

SMT. ANAMIKA PATHAK egkfo|ky; dk uke

GYANVEER MAHAVIDHALAYA GOPALGANJ SAGAR (M.P.)

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fo|kFkhZ ds gLrk{kj uke % lrhk dqekj dqehZ d{kk% ,e-dkWe f}rh; lsesLVj vuqekad& 680067 irk % xzke fouk;dh iks f>yk lkxj

vkHkkj
eSa [kkWfyn [kkWu vius dk;Z dks iwjk djus esa MkW-fdj.k tSu dk cgqr vkHkkj ekurk gWwa A fd mUgksus tks fd esjk fok; gSA bl fok; ds

ckjs esa eq>s cgqr vPNh tkudkjh nh A vkSj eq>s tgka Hkh dfBukbZ gqbZ mUgksus ml dfBukbZ ds ckjs esa crk;k vkSj vPNh lykg nh A lkFk gh mudh jk; bl ifj;kstukesa cgqr gh lgk;d gqbZA eSa mu laLFkkvksa dk Hkh vkHkkj ekurk gWw ftUgksaus eq>s laLFkk dh tkudkjh nh vkSj ifj;kstukesa D;k vkSj dSls dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS A bl ckjs esa Hkh crk;k tks ifj;kstukdks rS;kj djus esa dkQh lgk;d gqvkA vkSj var esa viuk izek.k i= Hkh fn;k A

MkW-fdj.k tSu ch-dkWe prqFkZ lsesLVj

kks/k funsZkd dk izek.k & Ik=

izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd esjs Kku ,oa fookl esa kks/k Nk= dk dFku@ ys[ku esjh tkudkjh esa lR; gSA

fnukad % LFkku % lkxj

funsZkd MkW-vfer frokjh

losZf{kr laLFkk dk izek.k i=

izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd vkfej [kkWu ch-dkWe-f}rh; okZ prqFkZ lsesLVj vius ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus gsrq bl dk;kZy;@laLFkk esa mifLFkr gq, A

ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds nkSjku budk dk;Z ,oa O;ogkj larksktud jgk A

fnukad LFkku %

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------------------------------%

-----------------------------

^^ chek dEiuh esa ,stUV ds :i esa jkstxkj ds volj **

ch-dkWe mikf/k dh vkafkd izfriwfrZ gsrq ifj;kstuk izfrosnu

foHkkxk/;{k izks-ts-ds- tSu

funsZkd izLrqrdrkZ MkW- vfer frokjh lanhi frokjh okf.kT; foHkkx jksy ua 525735 M k W - g jh fla g x k S j fo o fo |k y ; lk x j

okf.kT; foHkkx
MkW- gjhflag xkSj foofo| ky;] lkxj e-iz-
l=
2009-2010

TOTAL SEATES IN MBA COLLEGE IN SAGAR

Name of College Total HR Finance Marketing

Seat

Faculty of Management Study Swami Vivekamand Babul Tarabai Information research and Technology

40 50 45

18 23 17

12 12 13

10 15 15

PLACEMENT OF FMS IN 2008 Specilization Seat Annual Salary Packages

Faculty of Management Study Swami Vivekamand Babul Tarabai Information research and Technology Total Seat

18 12 10 40

3.2 Lakh 3.0 Lakh 2.0 Lakh

ch-dkWe f}rh; okZ prqFkZ lsesLVj oxZ &^^,** dk

izkstsDV ifj;kstuk

gLrk{kj gLrk{kj fo| funsZkd kFkhZ %-------------------%-----------------------------------------------funsZkd uke fo|kFkhZ dk uke MkW - :ikyh lSuh % feyki rkezdkj fo|kFkhZ dk vuqekad 525659

of T k .k ; f Hk o kx

M W g f gx S k - jh la k j f o o y lk j o f |k ;] x
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iqisUnz feJk iqisUnz feJk iqisUnz feJk

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iqisUnz feJk iqisUnz feJk iqisUnz feJk iqisUnz feJk izks- ,e-ih- lkgw

iqisUnz feJk izks- ,e-ih- lkgw izks- ,e-ih- lkgw izks- ,e-ih- lkgw izks- ,e-ih- lkgw r`rh; lsesLVj r`rh; lsesLVj

izks- ,e-ih- lkgw izks- ,e-ih- lkgw izks- ,e-ih- lkgw r`rh; lsesLVj r`rh; lsesLVj

827795 827795

kkldh; kkldh; kkldh; kkldh; kkldh; kkldh; kkldh; kkldh;

dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk

,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa

827795 827795

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egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky;

827795 827795

foysk.k %&

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rkfydk ekad 1 lkxj laHkkx es lapkfyr izeq[k fizfVax izsl ekad 1 2 3 5 fizfVax izsl dk uke nSfud HkkLdj fizfVax izsl xkSj fizfVax izsl fot; fizfVax izsl lqUnj fizfVax izsl rkfydk ls LiV gS fd lkxj

mijksDr

laHkkx esa eq[; :i ls laHkkx esa lokZf/kd izpfyr fizfVax izsl dks nkkZ;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr NksVh cMh vU; fizfVax izsl Hkh izpfyr gSA

rkfydk & 2 okZ 2008&2009 esa xzkgdksa dh vuqekfur la[;k ek ad 1 2 3 4 xzgdksa dh vuqekfur la[;k nSfud HkkLdj fizfVax 52000 fizfVax izsl forj.k ,tsUlh ds uke izsl xkSj fizfVax izsl fot; fizfVax izsl lqUnj fizfVax izsl 33000 25000 12000

lkj.kh & 2 dk foysk.k v nSfud HkkLdj fizfVax izsl %& nSfud HkkLdj esa dqy 40 etnwj dke djrs gS ftlesa ls 35 iq:k gS ,oa 10 efgyk,a dke djrh gSA ftuesa ls iq:kksa dh nSfud etnwjh 200 : gS tcfd efgykvksa dh etnwjh 180 : fnu gSA c xkSj fizfVax izsl %&xkSj esa dqy 23 etnwjh dke djrs gS ftuesa ls 20 iq:k gS

,oa 3 efgyk,a gSA budh nSfud etnwjh 200 : gS ,oa 180 : izfrfnu gSA l fot; fizfVax izsl %& esa dqy 28 etnwj dke djrs gsA ftuesa ls 24 iq:k ,oa 4 efgyk,a gsa budh nSfud etnwjh 200 : ,oa 180 : gSA n lqUnj fizfVax izsl %& lqUnj fizfVax izsl esa dqy 24 etnwj dke djrs gSA ftuesa ls 22 iq:k etnwj ,oa 2 efgyk,a etnwj gSA budh nSfud etnwjh 200 : ,oa 180 : gSA lkj.kh & 3 dk foysk.k v nSfud HkkLdj bl fizfVax izsl dk 2006&2007 dh vk;a 1425863 Fkh vkSj O;; 512596 FkkA fizfVax izsl dk dqy ykHk bl okZ dk 913267 FkkA 2008 dk vk; ,oa O;; 1500125&800045 ,oa ykHk 700078A c xkSj fizfVax izsl %& bl fizfVax izsl 2006 ls 2008 rd dh vk; 16000485 ,oa 1515482 gSa bldk O;; 800142 ,oa 805000 gSA vkSj bldk dqy ykHk 8003437] 810482 gSA

fot; fizfVax izsl %& bl fizfVax izsl

dk okZ 2006 ls 2008 rd dh vk; O;; esa 1851264 ,oa ykHk 1046264 jgk A n lqUnj izsl %& bl fizfVax izsl dk okZ 2006 ls 2008 rd dh vk; O;; esa 1514569 ,oa ykHk 1737745 jgk A

ch-dkWe f}rh; okZ prqFkZ lsesLVj

Kkuohj egkfo| ky;] lkxj

l= 2010

gLrk{kj funsZkd % gLrk{kj fo|kFkhZ ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------funsZkd dk uke % fo|kFkhZ dk uke % laxhrk pkSdls lqcks/k tSu fo|kFkhZ dk vuqekad

losZf{kr laLFkk dk izek.k i=

izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd jfoUnz flag Bkdqj vkRet Jh vkSlkc flag Bkdqj chdkWe-f}rh; lsesLVj us vius ifj;kstuk

dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus gsrq bl dk;kZy; lhbZMh esa mifLFkr gq, A ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds nkSjku budk dk;Z ,oa O;ogkj

larksktud jgk A

fnukad LFkku %

------------------------------gLrk{kj uke in dk;kZy; & ------------------------------&

------------------------------%

-----------------------------

fo|kFkhZ dk ?kksk.kk i=

eSa jfoUnz flag Bkdqj vkRet Jh vkslkc flag Bkdqj ?kksfkr djrk gWw fd layXu ifj;kstuk dk;Z esjs }kjk Lo;a iw.kZ fd;k x;k gS ,oa ekSfyd gSA mDr

ifj;kstuk dk;Z eSus dq- fuf/k lksuh okf.kT; foHkkx A ds ekxZnkZu esa

iw.kZ fd;k

fnukad @05@2010 LFkku % lkxj

fo|kFkhZ ds gLrk{kj uke % jfoUnz flag Bkdqj d{kk% ch-dkWe f}rh; lsesLVj vuqekad & irk & vgen uxj o`Unkou ckx lkxj

vkHkkj
eSa cgknqj flag ch-,- prqFkZ lsesLVj dk Nk= ftls vius xq:tuksa dk mfpr ekxZnkZu ,ao izsj.kk feyhA Qyr% ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds laiknu dk Lof.kZe volj izkIr gqvkA vki lHkh us izR;{k ,oa ijks{k :i esa tks vkkhZokn dh eatwlk ls lafpr vius xq:tuksa ds migkj :ih eqDrkgy dh T;ksfr ls vius

var%dj.k ds va/kdkj dks nwj djus esa leFkZ gWwaA esjs ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks ewrZ :i iznku djus ,oa vkdkk dh WpkbZ;ksa rd igqWpkus okys ije vknj.kh; dq- fiz;adk feJk bfrgkl foHkkx dk eS g`n; ls vkHkkj izdV djrk gWwA ftuds vkkhZokn ekxZnkZu ,oa Lusfgy lg;ksx ls bl ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks laikfnr djus dk volj izkIr gqvkA eSa Kkuohj egkfo|ky; lkxj ds izkpk;Z dk gn; ls vkHkkjh gWw A ftUgksus le; le; ij eq>s ekxZnkZu fn;k vkSj esjs mRlkg dks c<+k;k gSA lkFk gh lkFk vFkZkkL= foHkkx ds leLr xq:tuksa ds izfr vknj O;Dr djrk gWw ftUgksus izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k :i ls esjs bl ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus esa lg;ksx iznku fd;kA bl Ja[kyk esa] eS vkHkkjh gWw] vius xq:tuksa ekrk firk HkkbZ cfguksa ,ao fe=ksa dk ftUgksus izR;{k ,oa ijks{k :i ls esjh ijskkfu;ksa dks le>k rFkk ifj;kstuk dk;Z iw.kZ djus esa lg;ksx iznku fd;kA

fnukad

izLrqrdrkZ cgknqj flag ch-,- prqFkZ lsesLVj

izFke ,ao f}rh; lsesLVj esa fy;s x;s fodYiksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u dhft, %&
izFke ,oa f}rh; lsesLVj esa p;u fd;s x;s foYi esa varj fuEu gSS %&
izFke lsesLVj esa esjs }kjk lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj dh izkfIr ds fy;s ifj;kstuk ikB~;e ij dk;Z fd;k x;k izFke lsesLVj esa geus FkksMh lh tkudkfj;kW izkIr dh izFke ,oa f}rh; lsesLVj esa ;g varj gS fd geus f}rh; lsesLVj esa lkbcj dSQs ls lacaf/kr foLr`r :i ls tkudkfj;kW izkIr dh gSA

;ksX;rk esa varj %

lkbcj dSQs laLFkk esa dk;Z djus ds fy;s ;ksX;rk ds lkFk lkFk rdZ kfDr] vaxzsth dEI;wVj dk Kku vkSj lkekU; Kku dk gksuk vfr vko;d gS lkbcj dSQs esa dk;Z djus gsrq Lukrd dk gksuk vfr vko;d gSA

fo|kFkhZ laHkkoukvksa %&

}kjk ,oa

Hkfo; Lo;a dh

dh vfHk:fp

dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, p;fur fodYi dk uke

p;fur fodYi dk uke %&

lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj ds volj Hkfo; dh laHkkoukvksa ,oa Lo;a dh vfHk:fp %&
bl fodYi dks p;u djus ds ihNs esjk eq[; mn~ns; gS fd gekjs Hkkjr esa vkt ds le; esa vf/kd O;fDr csjkstxkj ns[kus ds fy, feyrs gS rks ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks /;ku esa js[krs gq,s eSus viuk fodYi lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj dk p;u fd;k blds fy;s tks O;fDr csjktxkj gS mUgsa mudh ;ksX;rk vuqlkj lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj feyus dh laHkkouk gS vkt gj O;fDr vius futh Hkfo; dh dkeuk ds fy, vf/kd ls vf/kd lqfo/kk pkgrk gS rFkk bu lqfo/kkvksa vkSj vko;drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, vPNk jkstxkj izkIr djuk pkgrk gS tSls vkt ds le; esa lHkh lkbZcj dSQs }kjk tks ,dkmfVax

dk;Z dEI;wVj }kjk fd;k tkrk gS rks ml dk;Z dks djus ds fy;s lkbZcj dSQs esa O;fDr;ksa dks blds } kjk Hkh jkstxkj fey ldrk gSA lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj izkfIr gsrq ljdkj }kjk vU; lqfo/kk,W

O;fDr;ksa dks nh tk jgh gS D;ksafd lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa esjh Lo;a dh vfHk:fp gS esjs vkus okys Hkfo; esa esjk lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa dk;Z ukSdjh djuk esjk mn~ns; gS bld vykok ftu O;fDr;ksa dks jkstxkj ls lacaf/kr leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, rFkk lkbZcj dSQs {ks= esa mUgsa tkudkfj;kW nsus gsrq eSus viuk fodYi lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa p;u fd;k gS izkphu le; esa gekjs Hkkjr nsk esa lkbZcj dSQs dh la[;k cgqr de gksrh Fkh ftlds dkj.k lkbZcj dSQs }kjk O;fDr;ksa dks de

lqfo/kk miyC/k gks ikrh Fkh bl leL;k dks gy djus ds fy;s vkus okys le; esa gekjs nsk esa vf/kd ls vf/kd lkbcj dSQs LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gS ftlls lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks lkbZcj dSQs }kjk cgqr lh lqfo/kk miyC/k gks x;h gS rFkk lkbcj dSQs LFkkfir djus esa gekjs nsk dh ljdkj ds Hkh vPNs iz;kl jgs gS

rkfd og nsk esa tks csjkstxkj O;fDr gS mUgsa vklkuh ls lkbcj dSQs ds ek/;e ls NksVk lk jkstxkj fnyk lds A vHkh dqN le; igys gekjs nsk eass eqnzk LQwhfr vkikrdky ds dkj.k tks jkstxkj esa deh vk;h Fkh bl fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, dbZ O;fDr;ksa dks lksp esa ifjorZu gqvk vkSj mUgksus jkstxkj izkIr djus ds fy, lkbcj dSQs dh vksj viuk /;ku c<k;k vkSj vkdfkZr gq, A

mijksDr fodYi p;u djus dk foLr`r dkj.k vkSj D;ksa fy;k gS mlds ckjs esa Qk;nk mijksDr fodYi p;u dk foLr`r dkj.k %&
bl fodYi dks p;u djus dk foLr`r dkj.k jkstxkj ls lacaf/kr gS bl fodYi ds p;u djus ds lkFk gh lkFk geus vius fodYi ls lacaf/kr u;s u;s izdkj dh tkudkfj;kW ,df=r dh gS rFkk lkbcj dSQs ds {ks= esa jkstxkj izkfir ds fok; esa vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh ysus ds fy, lkbcj dSQs esa dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa ls feyh vkSj eSus muds }kjk tkjh izkIr

dh rFkk lkbZcj dSQs }kjk tks lqfo/kk,W turk ds fy, miyC/k gSA

mijksDr fodYi p;u djus esa Qk;nk%&

vkt ds c<rs ;qx esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k fnu izfrfnu c< jgh gS bl le:k dks ns[krs gq, Nk=@ Nk=k,sa viuh ;ksX;rk ls vf/kd fkf{kr gksuk pkgrs gS bl le; vf/kd ls vf/kd Nk=@ Nk=k,sa lkbZcj dSQs ,oa bUVjusV ds {ks= esa dk;Z djus dh :fp j[krs gS rFkk vf/kdkak o;fDr lkbZcj dSQs ds {ks= esa dk;Z djuk ilan djrs gS D;ksafd og vius dk;Z ds vuqlkj ;k t:jrksa ds fglkc dh lqfo/kk vklkuh ls fey tkrh gSA vkSj lkbZcj dSls esa lHkh dk;Z le; ij gksrs jgrs gS csjkstxkj O;fDr dks lkbcj dSQs }kjk jkstxkj izkfIr ds u;s u;s volj iznku fd;s tk jgs gSA

vkHkkj
Tally Accounting

fok; ij M.C. II Semester ifj;kstuk

dk;Z djus gsrq eS i;kZIr larksk vuqHko dj jgk gWW A loZizFke eS vk;qDr mPp fk{kk e/;iznsk kklu dh vkHkkjh gWw A ftUgksus lsesLVj iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds ek/;e ls jkstxkj ds lqvolj dks [kkstus dh jkg iznku dhA eSa vkHkkjh gWw izkpk;Z kkldh; dyk okf.kT; egkfo|ky; lkxj dk ftUgksus ifj;kstuk dk;Z esa ekxZnkZu fd;kA eS g`n; ls bl ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds iFk iznkZd vknj.kh; MkW,-lh-tSu izk/;kid okf.kT; ladk; ds izfr vlhe vkHkkjh gWw ftUgksuss bl dk;Z dks fufpr fnkk iznku dhA vkHkkj dh bl J`a[kyk esa okf.kT; ladk; MkW ,-lh-tSu] MkW vej dqekj tSu] izks- ,eih-lkgw- th dk Hkh vkHkkjh gWw A ftUgksus ifj;kstuk dk;Z esa le;&le; ij ekxZnkZu iznku fd;kA

nsosUnz flag yks/kh

vuqekf.kdk
e fooj.k kad 1 vkeq[k 2 ifj;kstuk dk;Z dh foLr`r :ijs[kk 3 v losZf{kr laLFkk esa foftV i`B ekad 1&2 5 10

dh x;h laLFkkvksa ls izkIr tkudkjh dk fooj.k c fk{kdksa ds vk; ,oa O;; dk fooj.k gsrq rkfydk xzke ,oa
12&14

foysk.k l tSu gkbZ Ldwy esa fk{kd o Nk=ksa dh la[;k gsrq rkfyd xzkQ o foysk.k n fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh izosk Qhl dk fooj.k gsrq rkfydk ,oa
3

17&19

20&21

foysk.k lanHkZ xzaFk lwph

30

,e-dkWe f}rh; lsesLVj

2009&2010
kkldh; dykW ,o okf.kT; egkfo|ky; lkxj e-iz-

MkW-,-lh-

nsosUnz

tSu funsZkd

flag yks/kh fo|kFkhZ

ikqvksa esa nw/k o`f) ds fy;s ^^lqnkuk**

Ms;jh nqX/k O;olk; ds xq.k %&

Ms;jh ;kstuk dk nqX/k O;olk; dh mUufr ,oa fodkl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA blls feyus] gksus okys xq.k fuEu izdkj gS %& 1fcpkSfy;ksa ij fu;a=.k %& nqX/k ;kstuk dh LFkkiuk ls gesa ,d egRoiw.kZ ykHk ;g feyk gS fd xzkeh.k ifjlj esa tks nqX/k mRikndksa dk fcpkSfy;ksa }kjk kksk.k gksrk FkkA og nqX/k ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls iw.kZr% uV gks x;k A 2feykoV ij fu;a=.k %& nqX/k esa ikuh ,ao nw/k ikoMj feykdj kgjh miHkksDrkvksa dks fo; fd;k tkrk gSA ijurq ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls nqX/k ladfyr fd;k tkrk gSA

3-

nqX/k mRikndksa dks mfpr ewY;%& xzkeh.k fdlkuksa vkSj detksj oxZ ds nqX/k mRikndksa dks muds }kjk mRikfnr nw/k dk lgh ewY; fey jgk gSA D;ksafd vc mudk nw/k lgdkjh nw/k lfefr;ksa ds ek/;e ls ,df=r fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj ftyk nqX/kky;ksa esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj xzkeh.k nqX/k mRikndksa dks muds nw/k dk mfpr ewY; fey jgk gSA

4-

csjkstxkjksa dks jkstxkj %& nw/k ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls csjkstxkjkdsa dks nqX/k O;ogkj ds fy;s _.k Fkk ;k nq/kk: ikq fn;s tkrs gSA ftlls og vius jkstxkj esa yx tkrk gSA vkSj og vius thou ;kiu dks pyk ldrk gSA bl izdkj nqX/k O;olk; ds ek/;e ls csjkstxkjh dh ,d Hkhk.k leL;k dk Hkh fuokj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA

5-

nqX/k inkFkkSz dh lqxe izkfIr %& nqX/k ;kstuk ds varxZr miHkksDrkvksa dks iksfVd vkSj vf/kd ek=k esa nq/k dk rks forj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA lkFk gh mudks nw/k ls cus inkFkksZ dk Hkh forj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA tSls ?kh] iuhj A

6-

jkVh; vk; esa lgk;d %& nqX/k ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls tks vk; gksrh gSA og gekjh jkVh; vk; dk ,d cgqr cMk Hkkx gksrh gSA vFkkZr gekjh jkVh; vk; esa nqX/k O;olk; dk

egRoiw.kZ vaknku gksrk gsA bl egRoiw.kZ vaknku dks feykus dk Js; gekjh nqX/k ;kstukvksa dks gh gS D;ksafd igys ;g lc vk; fcpkSfy;ksa ,oa O;kikfj;ksa dks feyrh FkhA 7foRrh; lqfo/kk;sa %& nqX/k ;kstuk esa nw/k Ms;jh LFkkfir djus ds fy;s cSad ls foRr dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA

Hkkjr esa ikq/ku dk egRo %

HkkjrokZ esa ikq dh lgk;rk ls d`fk laca/kh leLr dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSA d`fk dk ;g iqjkuk izpyu tks ekuo lH;rk ds izkjafHkd pj.k ds izkjaHk ls gksrk vk jgk gSA izkjaHk esa tc ekuo fdlh Hkh mYys[kuh; laLd`fr dk vf/kdkjh ugha FkkA rc og viuh lH;rk dh taxyh voLFkk ij FkkA vkSj ikqvksa dks ekjdj [kkrk FkkA ijarq /khj /khjs lH;rk ds fodkl e esa vkdj ekuo us ikqikyu izkjaHk fd;k vkSj buls fofHkUu dk;Z lEiUu djok;s A Hkkjr esa d`fk {ks= esa vk; dh cgqrk;r ls [ksrh bUgh ikqvksa dh lgk;rk ls dh tkrh gSA nsk dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa budk cgqr vf/kd egRo gSA tks fuEu gSA 123456d`fk dk;Z esa nqX/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkksZ dh iwfrZ esa [kkn ds :i esa bZ/ku ds :i esa ;krk;kr esa egRo peMk ,oa [kky dh izkfIr

Hkkjrh; ikq/ku ,d utj eas %&

vius nsk esa ikq/ku ij ,d utj Mkyuk cMk euksjatd gSA gekjs ;gka izfr nks O;fDr;ksa ds ihNs vkSlru ,d Ikkq gSA 1981 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj tula[;k 68 djksM rFk ikq la[;k 37 djksM bu ikqvksa esa xkW;] cSy] HkSl] lwvj] HksM] cdjh] ? kksMs] [kPpj] x/ks vkSj WV kkfey gSA

gesa ikq/ku ds fodkl ds fy;s nks fnkkvksa esa ,d lkFk dk;Z djuk gksxk igys ikqvksa dh la[;k esa vfHko`f) djuk vkSj mudh uLy lq/kkjuk ftlls fd vf/kd nw/k [kkn muls izkIr djus esa leFkZ gksuk A bu lcds fy;s gesa vfoyEc mijksDr vxzth nskksa dk vuqlj.k djuk gksxkA [kklrkSj ls lektoknh

vFkZO;oLFkk ds nskksa esa ikq/ku ds fodkl gsrq D;k dne mBk;s x;s gS] muls Hkh lh[krk gksxk rFkk ikpkR; nskksa [kklrkSj ls vesfjdk ikq QkeZ lqvj iztuu QkeskZ dh :ijs[kk cukbZ xbZA mldk vuqlj.k Hkh djuk gksxkA rHkh gekjs

ikqvksa dh uLy lq/kjsxh la[;k esa vfHko`f) gksxh vkSj ikqvksa ls izkIr lkexzh dbZ xquk vf/kd lqyHk gks ldsxhA

ikqvksa ds fy;s mfpr vkgkj dh O;oLFkk %

ikqvksa dks mfpr vkgkj dh O;oLFkk ds fy;s dfiyk ikq vkgkj cuk;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d ljdkjh O;oLFkk gSA tks ^^dfiyk d`fk m|ksx fyfeVsM** esa cuk;k tkrk gSA

vuqef.kdk
fooj.k i`B ekad

1 2 3 4

ifjHkkkk mn~ns; jkstxkj fofHkUu fk{k.k

5 5 6 7&13

laLFkk ds dklsZ 5 izsj.kk 13 6 kS{kf.kd 14 7 rduhdh 15 8 vuqHko 16 9 vko;drk 17 10 tkudkjh 18 11 pqukSfr;kW ,oa mik; 20 12 lkj.kh ,oa xzkQ 24 & 25

vuqef.kdk
fooj.k i`B ekad

1 2 3 4

ifjHkkkk mPp fk{kk dk;kZy;

5 6

izca/k ls tqMs jkstxkj jkstxkj 6 laLFkk esa lapkfyr 7 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 & 17

dkslZ 5 izsj.kk 6 kS{kf.kd 7 vuqHko 8 vko;drk 9 tkudkjh 10 tkudkfj;kW ,oa mik; 11 mik; 12 lkj.kh ,oa xzkQ

vuqef.kdk

vkHkkj

ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad ls jkstxkj dh laHkkouk,W %

vkt dk ;qx orZeku ;qx gSA vkt nsk ds izR;sd ftyksa esa cSad gSA vkt izr;sd vkneh cSad dk ykHk mBk jgk gSA ftyk lgdkjh cSad xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cgqr fodkl yk;k gsA ftyk lgdkjh cSad ds }kjk vklku ,oa de C;kt nj ij _.k iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ftls ysdj O;fDr jkstxkj izkIr dj jgs gSA bl cSad ds }kjk O;fDr yksu fudkydj dbZ m|ksx /ka/ks LFkkfir dj jkstxkj esa o`f) dj jgs gSA O;fDr d`fk ds fy, _.k ysdj viuh Hkwfe vkSj Qly dks lq/kkj dj vPNh iSnkokj ys jgs gSA ftlls nsk dh vk; esa o`f) gksrh gSA ,oa jkstxkj esa o`f) gksrh gSA D;ksafd vkt d`fk ds }kjk gh yxHkx 64 izfrkr jkstxkj feyrk gSA ;k blls lacaf/kr m|ksx /ka/kksa ls jkstxkj izkIr gksrk gSA cSad ls O;fDr yksu ysdj [kqn Lo;a dk Hkfo; mTtoy djrs gSA vkSj lkFk gh tks O;fDr fcuk dke ds ?kwers gSA mudks jkstxkj izkIr gks tkrk

gSA vkt cSad ds }kjk nsk dh cgqr mUufr gks x;h gsA tks O;fDr csjkstxkj ?kwers Fks mudks jkstxkj izkIr gksus yxk gSA ftyk lgdkjh cSad esa O;fDr yksu fudky dj dksbZ Hkh m|ksx /ka/ks LFkkfir djds Lo;a dh vk; esa o`f) djrs gSA vkSj m|ksx /ka/ks esa O;fDr;ksa dh t:jr gksrh gSA ftlls og vusd O;fDr;ksa dks dke is yxkrk gsA ftlls O;fDr;ksa dks jkstxkj izkIr gksrk gS nsk esa cjkstxkjh nwj gksrh gSA bZlk elhg us Bhd gh dgk gS %& ^^,d ls Hkys nks nks ls Hkys pkj A lgdkjh cSad ls lcdk m)kj A** csjkstxkj dks jkstxkj izkIr gqvk gS d`fk esa vpNh Qly yxkdj vPNh iSnkokj dh tkus yxh ftlls d`fk esa vf/kd jkstxkj izkIr gksus yxk gSA vkSj nsk [kk|kUu Qlyksa esa vkRefuHkZj gks x;k gSA

fok; D;ksa pquk %

Hkkjrh; thou chek dk izkstsDV pquus dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd chek ,tsUV dks chek cspus ds nkSjku vFkok lsok ds laca/k esa yksxksa ls volj feyuk gksrk gSA vr% mldh lQyrk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gSA fd mls chek D;k gS chek D;k djrk gS chek O;fDr ifjokj o jkV dh ekSfyd vko;drkvksa dh iwfrZ dSls djrk gS vkfn ckrksa dh iwjh tkudkjh gks A ,d v/kdpjk ;k vukMh ,tsUV vius O;olk; ;k viuh laLFkk ds fy, cnukeh dk dkj.k gskrk gsA fdUrq blds foijhr ,d izfkf{kr ,oa vius nkf;Roksa ds izfr ltx ,ao lsok Hkkoh ,tsUV vius O;olk; rFkk laLFkk dh izfrfBk c<kus dk vfHkzik; gksrk gS fd blls ,tsUVksa dks vius fok; dk vko;d Kku izkIr gks vkSj os bldh lgk;rk ls viuk dk;Z lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls lEikfnr dj lds A bl funsZfkr dk Bhd Bhd v/;;u djus ij chek ,tsUV dks viuk fnu izfrfnu dk dke n{krkiwoZd djus esa i;kZIr lgk;rk feysxhA gekjk ijkekZ gS fd izR;sd ,tsUV bl iqfLrdk dk lko/kkuh iwoZd euu djs vkSj blesa fn;s vius O;olk; ls lacaf/kr fu;eksa ls Hkyh Hkkafr voxr gks tk,A ,tsUV dks viuh ,tsUlh pykus ds fy, vFkkZr chek cspus vkSj cheknkjksa dh lsok lqpk: :i ls djus ds fy, i;kZIr Kku gkuss ds lkFk lkFk dk;Z ds izfr :>ku

O;ogkj dqkyrk ,ao deZBrk Hkh gksuh pkfg,A mls vius eu eas ;g /kkj.kk fcBk dj dke djuk pkfg, gS fd og ,d lEekfur O;olk; ls lacaf/kr gS vkSj mls iwjs euks;ksx ls viuk nkf;Ro fuHkkuk gSA

Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe vfHkdrkZ ls jkstxkj dh laHkkouk,sa %&

vkt izR;sd O;fDr viuk Hkfo; mTtoy djuk pkgrk gS A vkSj viuk jkstxkj izkir djuk pkgrk gSA Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe vfHkdrkZ ds }kjk O;fDr;ksa dk chek djk;k tkrk gsA vkSj vfHkdrkZ ds }kjk O;fDr;ksa dks chek dh iw.kZ tkudkjh ,oa mlls gksus okys ykHk dks crkrk gSA ftlls O;fDr viuh vk; esa ls :i;s cpkdj chek ikfylh djkrk gSA vkSj vius ifjokj dk Hkfo; mTto djrk gSA thou chek fuxe vfHkdrkZ ds }kjk O;fDr;ksa dks lgh ,oa iw.kZ tkudkjh nsus esa O;fDr chek djkrk gSA vkSj blls nsk esa csjkstxkjh de gksrh gSA thou chek tks fd ,d O;olk; gSA gekjs nsk esa vf/kdkak O;fDr ;k tula[;k vui< gSA bUgsa blds laca/k esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gksrh mUgsa bldh tkudkjh

miyC/k djkuk o thou chek ftUnxh ds lkFk Hkh vkSj ftUnxh ds ckn Hkh bl ;kstuk dk ykHk izkIr dj lds bldh tkudkjh nsuk vfHkdrkZ dk izeq[k dk; gSA ;g chek cheknkj ds /ku dks iwjh rjg lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA vkSj de cheknkjksa esa vf/kd lsok iznku djrk gSA vkt izR;sd pht dk chek gksus yxk gSA tSls Qly] VsDVj] eksVj lkbZfdy] cl] Vd] Vhoh] vkSj Hkh vusd phtksa dk chek fd;k tkus yxk gSA ftlls O;fDr dks dksbZ pht dk ,sDlhMsV ;k pksjh gks tk, rks mls bl pht ;k oLrq dk iwjk iSlk fn;k tkrk gSA ,d O;fDr chek djokus ds ckn Lora= gks tkrk gSA D;ksafd mls vius ejus ds ckn vius chch cPpksa dh fpUrk ugha jgrh A ,y-vkbZ-lh us dbZ ;kstuk, fudkyh gSA ftlds } kjk O;fDr;ksa dks ykHk fey jgk gSA vc NksVs cPpksa dk Hkh chek gksus yxk gSA ftlls vc cPpksa dk Hkh Hkfo; mTtoy gksus yxk gSA

vuqef.kdk
Hkwfedk lkekU; ifjp; cSad dk ifjp; cSad dh ifjHkkkk cSad ds izdkj ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad dh LFkkiuk ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad ds mn~ns; ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad dk lkekU; ifjp; lkxj ftys esa dk;Zkhy iwath _.k ,oa uhfr forj.k leL;k,sa ,oa lq>ko ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad dh Hkkoh ;kstuk,sa fudkZ

vuqef.kdk
Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe vfHkdrkvksa ds dk;Z vfHkdrkZ dh Hkwfedk vfHkdrkZvksa ds fy, dqN fuks/k vfHkdrkZvksa dk izfk{k.k ekuo thou ewY; thou chek D;k gS \ ;g lk/kkj.k izdkj dh cpr ;kstuksa ls vPNh gSA Hkwfedk fudkZ

dqVhj m|ksx ls ykHk %&

dqVhj m|ksxksa ls csjkstxkjksa dks jkstxkj izkIr gksrk gS tks fcuk i<s fy[ks yksx gksrs gS budks Hkh bl m|ksxksa esa dke djus dk ekSdk feyrk gS vkSj oks vius ifjokj dh vko;drkvksa dks iwjk dj ikrk gSA blfy;s dqVhj ,oa y?kq m|ksx

cjkstxkjksa dks jkstxkj iznku djrk gSA vkSj QqVdj fosrkvksa dks Hkh blesa T;knk ykHk feyrk gSA D;ksafd xkao nsgkr esa tks kgj dk eky cMh nsjh esa igqWp ikrk gS blfy, QqVdj fosrk dqVhj ;k y?kq m|ksxksa ls ysdj ;g eky miHkksDrkvksa rd de ls de le; esa oks igqWpk nsrs gSA blls QqVdj fosrk Hkh blesa FkksMk ykHk dek ysrs gS vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dks lHkh le; ij miHkksDrk oLrq izkIr gks tkrh gSA blls y? kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx xkao nsgkr ds fy, cMs gh lqyHkdkjh gksrs gSA vkSj Hkh dbZ izdkj ds ykHk feyrs gSA ftl izdkj dqVhj ,oa y?kq m| ksxksa esa tks Hkh eky rS;kj djrs gSA mls LFkkuh; cktkj esa gh fo; djrs gS blfy, ogka dh ekax Hkh lhfer gksrh gS vkSj dPpk eky Hkh LFkkuh; cktkjksa esa gh fey tkrk gSA ogha ls [kjhnk tkrk gS vkSj ogh ij cspk tkrk gSA bl izdkj ls y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx ykHk nk;d gksrs gSA

y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksxksa ls gkfu % gkfu %&

tgkW ij cMs m|ksx ?kU?ks ;k dkj[kkus LFkkfir gksrs gS ;fn ogha ij mlh izdkj dk dqVhj ;k y?kq m|ksx gks rks cMs m|ksx /kU/ks okys dks cgqr gkfu mBkuh iMrh gSA D;ksafd cMs m|ksx dh tks Hkh gksrh gS cMs dqVhj ;k y?kq m|ksx ;g lQkbZ ;k vPNk ugha ns ikrs ysfdu miHkksDrk dks ;g eky os ?kj cSbs miyC/k djkrs gS blls cMs m|ksx esa gkfu gksrh gSA D;ksafd cMs m|ksx okys eky vf/kd cukrs gS vkSj mudk ;g eky dqN cp tkus ls og le; ds ckn [kjkc gks tkrk gS blls gkfu gksrh gSA

cMs m|ksx ls dqVhj m|ksx ij gkfu %&

cMs m|ksxksa esa eky vPNk rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS blfy, miHkksDrk dks cMs m|ksx ls vk;k gqvk eky

gh vf/kd ialn vkrk gS blfy, dEiuh dk gh eky [kjhnrs gS blfy, dqN dqVhj m|ksx iM+rk gSA ij Hkh vlj

ekdsZfVax cktkj
cktkj dh ekax %& cktkj esa mlh eky dh vf/kd ekax gksrh gS tks vPNk vkrk gSA cMs m|ksxksa esa vPNk eky rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA mudh vis{kk dqVhj ;k y?kq m|ksx esa ,slk eky rS;kj ugha gks ikrk A cMs m|ksxksa esa ekhuksa ls eky rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS dqVhj m|ksxksa esa tks Hkh eky rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A gkFkksa ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA blfy, bldh ekax de gksrh gSA

iz- csjkstxkjh ls D;k vkk; gS \

vusfPNd csjkstxkjh %& vuSfPNd csjkstxkjh ls vkk; ml csjkstxkjh gksrk gSA ftlesa yksx dke djus dh bPNk j[krs gS rFkk dke djus dh ;ksX;rk ,oa leF;Z Hkh gSA ysfdu izpfyr njksa ij mUgsa dke ugha feyrk gSA

,sfPNd csjkstxkjh dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa dqN yksx ,sls gksrs gS tks dke djus dh ;ksX;rk ugha j[krs gS A vFkok djus dh ;ksX;rk j[krs gq, Hkh dke ugha djuk pkgrs gSA bl izdkj dh fLFkfr ,sfPNd csjkstxkjh dgykrh gSA izkphu y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx ds vk/kkj ij izkphu dky esa tks m| ksx gqvk djrs Fks os vkt ds vk/kkj esa fuEu ekus tkrs gSA D;ksafd igys tks Hkh dqVhj m|ksx esa eky rS;kj gksrk FkkA oks vkt ds vk/kkj ij mldh xfr /kheh gksrh gSA D;ksafd gkFkksa }kjk fufeZr fd;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu vc oks Hkh eky rS;kj gksrk gSA ekhuksa }kjk rS;kj gksrk gSA igys dh vis{kk vkt ds le; esa cjkstxkjh dh leL;k cMrh tk jgh gSA D;ksafd tula[;k dh o`f) rhoz xfr ls cMrh tk jgh gSA blls csjkstxkjh dh leL;k iSnk gks jgh gSA igys ds le; esa tks Hkh dk;Z gksrk Fkk og etnwjksa }kjk fd;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu vkt ds le; esa ogh dke ekhuksa }kjk fd;k tk jgk gS A blls yksxksa dks jkstxkj ugha fey ikrk gSA blls csjkstxkjh c<rh tk jgh gSA eS pkgrk gWw fd tks csjkstxkj jgrs gS og viuk Lo;a dk dqVhj m|ksx ;k dksbZ Hkh /ka/kk dj ldrk gSA ftlls viuk thou ;kiu dj ldrk gSA

y 2010-2011

quk qPmw

v
ytk w

st wwt
ywA v 01043

vkHkkj i=
izLrqr ifj;kstuk dk;Z dks izLrqr djrs gq;s eS vR;ar gfkZr g`n; ls loZizFke ijesoj dks kr~ kr~ ueu djrk gWw ftldh vlhe d`ik ls eq>s ;g ifj;kstuk dk;Z feykA loZizFke eSa bl dk;Z lankfkZdk

MkW v[kysk lksuh ds izfr d`rKrk O;Dr djrk gWw ftUgksus eq>s bl dk;Z dks

lqO;ofLFkr :i nsus esa viuk vewY; lg;ksx fn;kA ;g ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk khkZd

VkUlQkjej gS eS iwjh bZekunkjh ls ,oa fu;fer :i ls fd;k gSA /kU;okn fnukad uke & vfgjokj jktsUnz

Signatue Guide.......................... Name of the Guide

Signature Student.................... Name of the Student

MR. ROHIT TIWARI

SHISHIV SINGH
- B.COM IST SEM

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

GYANVEER COLLEGE, SAGAR (M.P.)

SUBMITTED TO

A F F IL IT E D T O D R . H A R I S IN G H G O U R U N IV E R (M .P .)

M.Com. IIIrd Sem ( Commerce)

SESSION-2010-2011
Signatue Guide.......................... Name of the Guide Signature Student.................... Name of the Student

Pratibha Mishra
Roll No- Com/09/29

M.Sc. IIIrd Sem ( Chemistry)

SESSION-2010-2011
Signatue Guide.......................... Name of the Guide Signature Student.................... Name of the Student

Dr. Alok Sahai

Priyanka Upadhyay
Roll No- CHE/09/28

M.Sc. IIIrd Sem ( Chemistry)

SESSION-2010-2011

Signatue Guide.......................... Name of the Guide

Signature Student.................... Name of the Student

Dr. Alok Sahai

Ruchi Chachondiya
Roll No- CHE/09/42

SESSION-2010-2011
PRINCIPAL

S.S. CHOUHAN
Submitted to: MRS. USHA KHARE Science Teacher Submitted by LAKSHA MATHUR Class VIIIth Roll No. 806

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Yogesh Pandey Student of Govt. Arts and Commerce College sagar has completed the Project entitled EDUCATION Under the Project scheme in here course. He has submitted a satisfactory report of it as a partial fulfillment of the required project

Submitted Dr. Neeraj Dubey