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)Frederick Newmeyer: Linguistic Theory in America. Academic Press, 1980
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.
:
E. F. Konrad Koerner and Matsuji Tajima. Noam Chomsky: A Personal

Bibliography, 1951-1986. Amestrdam, Pheladelphia John Benjamins
Publishing Co. 1986.

. .
On Power and Ideology: The Culture of Terrorism, Boston, MA: South end
Press, 1988.
.
.
. :
www.arab-unity.net
Peace in The Middle East? Reflections on Justice and Statehood. New York:
Pantheon Books, 1974.
The Fateful Triangle: The USA, Israel, and The Palestinians. Boston: South
End, 1984.

MIT Press
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116
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117
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Juan
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afeitarse
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www.arab-unity.net
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se

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. /
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132

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)(.
se
Principle (13) also holds for pronouns, except that they must be bound
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whom
www.arab-unity.net
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)(.
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www.arab-unity.net
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:
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".(t1) "

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139

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]El hombre al que [C1 Mara nos quiere [C2 ver [C3 [VP examinar tnos
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) (
nos
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( .
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) (
.
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.

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:
John hurt himself
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"
Bill expected John to hurt himself
" "
I met the man who Bill expected to hurt himsefl
"

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John hurt him
www.arab-unity.net
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"
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Bill expected John to hurt him
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himself
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him
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/[
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himself
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un libro
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www.arab-unity.net
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"
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:
John hurt himself
]Bill expected [John to hurt himself
)( .
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www.arab-unity.net
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. ) (
):(
hizo
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)(
hizo
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www.arab-unity.net
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) (NP

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the teacher
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www.arab-unity.net
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)(
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el profesor
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nos
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.
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El ama a Juan
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. " "

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)( )( .
: .
) (

" "
examinarnos
al profesor
) ( :
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por
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believe
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. )(

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:
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creer

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" "

parecer
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. ) (
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Juan
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] [
" "
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) (
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Juan
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Juan cree estr enfermo

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) (
.
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.
VP: haplar ingls
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) ( ) (
:
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" "" : ]["
]AP: Traduccin [el libro
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]AP: Lleno [ aqua
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de
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?Habi gente alrededor
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S: Hapi gente alrededor de la casa
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" : "
de
la casa :
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. ""
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P--NP ).(
) (
genitive .
de

el libro de Juan
genitive

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de
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www.arab-unity.net
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) (

]]Juan hizo [C los muchachos [afeitarse

]]Juan made [C the boys [shave themselves
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.
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themselves

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boys
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)(
.
www.arab-unity.net
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. .
los muchacos
Juan
) (
:
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] [
) ( "" ) (t :
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?]Cules muchachos parece [t conocerlo bien a l
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: "" ) (t

) (
. ) ( :
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Juan
it
?Which boys does it seem to know him well
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) (
parece
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www.arab-unity.net
162
) (
:t
]Parece que [quines lo conocen bien a l
] [
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)(
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conocen
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) (
):(
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" "
" "
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El hombre al que Juan afeita t
" "
" "
Juan se afeita t
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afeitar
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unique

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www.arab-unity.net
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.
.
parecer

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( se, t

)(
.
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) (
):(
www.arab-unity.net
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]Juan cree [t estr enfermo
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www.arab-unity.net
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quines
parece
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t .quines
) ( :
www.arab-unity.net
167
]Ha sido [devorada la oveja] [por el lobo
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la oveja
devorar
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:
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)

( .
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).(

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parecer
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la oveja
. .t
hope
"" .
:
]They hoped that [they would finish the meeting happy
] [
]They hoped [to finish the meeting happy
www.arab-unity.net
169
] [
]Ellos esperaban que [publicaran el artculoi contentos
] [
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] [.
they
happy
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ellos
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]Ellos esparaban que [el artculo se publicara contentos
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happy
they
the meeting
. ) (
: .
contentos
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www.arab-unity.net
170
).(
"

" .
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) ( ) .(
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" ] [
]They hoped [PRO to finish the meeting happy
]Ellos esperaban que [pro publicaran el artculo contentos
" ] [
]Ellos esperaban [PRO publicaran el artculo contentos
www.arab-unity.net
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[.
]

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examinar
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pro
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www.arab-unity.net
172
"
"
PRO
[NP El [C PRO viajar en tren]] es agradable
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] "
"
"

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To fall to the ground is unusual
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:
Caer al suelo no es comn
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PRO
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PRO
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www.arab-unity.net
173
se
Se habla ingls aqu
" "
"
( . "
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"
pro
PRO
.
.

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.estr ) (:
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" ]"" "
" .
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"
"
PRO
Juan
PRO
Juan
www.arab-unity.net
174
) "

"(.

)( )(
"
. "
PRO
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" ] ["
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) ( ) (
.
.
www.arab-unity.net
175
"
"
PRO

"
"
PRO
"
"
PRO
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pro
:
.
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)( "
pro
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)( ) ) (( "
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)( )( :

pro llueva
" "
"
www.arab-unity.net
176
PRO llover
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"
)( )(
:

It is raining
Il pleut
""
PRO
)( .
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( . .
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" "
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:
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" ]"" "[

for - to
.
"
"
pedir
PRO
"
"
pro

" "
www.arab-unity.net
177
]Mara le pidi a Juan que [hablara con los muchachos
] / [
]Mara le pidi a Juan [hablar con los muchachos
] [
"" )(
hablara
"
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hablara
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pedir
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:

Mara asked permission of Juan to speak to the boys.
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.
speak
Juan
"
"

)( .
.
pedir
speak
PRO
ask
speak

) (
):(
www.arab-unity.net
178
]Juan les pidi a los comaneros que [estuvieran callados
) (
]Mara les pidi a los comaneros [estr callados
" ] ["
"
)( "
pro
estuvieran
campaneros
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Juan
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estr
Juan
callados
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estr
los companeros
.
.
:
Juan asked his pals that they be quiet

"
"
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PRO
to be quiet
his pals
www.arab-unity.net
179
( . )(
.
"
"
"
"
PRO
"
"
PRO
pro
"" )(
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lo-l
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se-s mismo
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Voice in The Wilderness: How Humans acquired The Power of Speech

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On Power and Ideology

The Domestic scene
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Lectures On Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris, 1981
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www.arab-unity.net
272

A
ability
..................................................
................................................
accusative
.................................................. (
................................................
acquisition
..................................................
................................................
adjacency
.................................................. )(
................................................
adjacent
.................................................. )(
................................................
..................................................
adjective
phrase
..................................................
adjoined
..................................................
adjective
................................................
................................................
................................................
adjunction
..................................................
................................................
adposition
..................................................
................................................
agreement
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..................................................
273
................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
apparent
motion
..................................................
association
..................................................
analytic truth
................................................
anaphor
................................................
antecedent
................................................
................................................
................................................
asymmetry
..................................................
................................................
B
basic
categories
........................................... (
..........................................
binding theory ..................................................
...............................................
binding
variable
biological
endowment
bound
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..................................................
................................................
.................................................
............................................
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274
................................................
bound
pronoun
..................................................
bracket
..................................................
................................................
................................................
case
..................................................
................................................
( )
case marked .................................................

position
...............................................
case system
..................................................
................................................
..................................................
..................................................
lexical
category
..................................................
Logical
category
..................................................
invariant
..................................................
case theory
................................................
category
................................................
................................................
..............................................
.............................................
causative
..................................................
.............................................
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causative-reflexiveconstruction
chain
........................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
....................
single-membered chain
......................................
......................................
......................
clause
......................................
......................................
......................
clausal complement
......................................
......................................
......................
Embedded cluse
......................................
......................................
......................
finite
......................................
......................................
......................
infinitival
......................................
......................................
......................
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clitic
......................................
......................................
......................
reflexive
......................................
......................................
......................
cognitive system
......................................
......................................
......................
cognitive psychology
......................................
......................................
......................
commonsense
......................................
......................................
......................
competence
......................................
......................................
......................
complement
......................................
......................................
......................
component
......................................
......................................
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......................
compound verb
......................................
......................................
......................
computation
......................................
......................................
......................
computation system
......................................
......................................
......................
......................................
concept
......................................
......................
invariant
system
conceptional ......................................
......................................
......................
configuration
......................................
......................................
......................
construct
......................................
......................................
......................
contact mechanics
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......................................
......................
contiguity
......................................
......................................
......................
core
......................................
......................................
......................
core grammar
......................................
......................................
......................
invariant core
......................................
......................................
......................
creativity
......................................
......................................
......................
critical periods
......................................
......................................
......................
D
data
................................................ (
..............................................
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..................................................
declarative
sentence
..................................................
deduction
..................................................
dative
................................................
................................................
................................................
density
receptors
of ..................................................
descriptive
................................................
..................................................
................................................
descriptive
level
..................................................
discontinuous
form
..................................................
discourse
..................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
discrete
infinity
..................................................
domain
..................................................
................................................
................................................
E
embedding
..................................................
................................................
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embedding
property
embedding
complement
empirical
clause ...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
..........................................
..................................................
................................................
empty
category
..................................................
................................................
environmental ..................................................
ism
................................................
epistemic
..................................................
verbs
................................................
experience
..................................................
................................................
explanation
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
( )
................................................
explanatory
level
F
finite verb
................................................
................................................
form
................................................
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formal
.................................................. ( )
................................................
formal
languages
G
gender
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
................................................
genetical
endowment
..................................................
generative
..................................................
................................................
................................................
genitive
..................................................
................................................
grammar
..................................................
................................................
generative
grammar
..................................................
universal
grammar
..................................................
..................................................
H
head
................................................
................................................
................................................
head-first
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..................................................
282
................................................
hierarchical
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
hierarchical
structure
................................................
indirect object ..................................................

................................................
induction
..................................................
................................................
incorporation
..................................................
................................................
inference
..................................................
................................................
infinitival
clause
..................................................
innate
..................................................
................................................
................................................
instantaneous
instantaneously
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
internal
structure
..................................................
................................................
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................................................
283
interpretation
..................................................
................................................
interrogative
..................................................
................................................
intransitive
preposition
introspection
................................................
...........................................
..................................................
................................................
intuitively
..................................................
................................................
invariant
conceptual
..................................................
invariant
principle
..................................................
..................................................
language
faculty
..................................................
learning
..................................................
..................................................
L
language
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
learning
mechanism
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................................................
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lexical
..................................................
................................................
lexical
category
..................................................
lexical
property
..................................................
lexicon
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
linear order
................................................
linguistic
.................................................. /
................................................
linguistic
competence
..................................................
linguistic
experience
..................................................
linguistic
universal
..................................................
logical
representation
..................................................
logical
structure
..................................................
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..................................................
..................................................
mental
representation
..................................................
mind/brain
.................................................. /
main verb
................................................
mentalism
................................................
................................................
................................................
mind/body
..................................................
................................................
minimal
domain
..................................................
modular
..................................................
..................................................
N
natural
selection
..................................................
neurology
..................................................
................................................
................................................
movement
................................................
................................................
................................................
nominative
..................................................
................................................
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286
noun phrase
null
parameter
..................................................
................................................
subject ..............................................
number
.............................................
..................................................
................................................
O
object
..................................................
................................................
obligatory
..................................................
................................................
oblique
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
operative
................................................
operator
..................................................
................................................
optional
..................................................
..................................................
................................................
order
................................................
overlearned
..................................................
................................................
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P
parameter
..................................................
................................................
parameterized
..................................................
................................................
pattern
..................................................
................................................
patterned
stimulation
..................................................
passive
..................................................
................................................
................................................
person
..................................................
................................................
perception
..................................................
................................................
phrase
..................................................
................................................
phrase marker
..................................................
................................................
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phrase
structure
..................................................
phrase
structure
representation
..................................................
................................................
................................................
288
..................................................
physiology
postposition
................................................
................................................
..................................................
..................................................
precede
................................................
..................................................
predicate
................................................
preposition
..................................................
................................................
process
..................................................
................................................
projection
principle
..................................................
................................................
pronominal ..................................................
system
................................................
property ..................................................
pro ..................................................
PRO ..................................................
psychological ..................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
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reality
................................................
quantitative ..................................................
phrase
................................................
raising ..................................................
................................................
Q

R
(to) refer ..................................................
references ..................................................
referent ..................................................
expression
................................................
reflexive ..................................................
reflexive clitic ..................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
relative clause ..................................................

................................................
representation ..................................................
rigidity ..................................................
principle
................................................
................................................
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rule ..................................................
................................................
second ..................................................
substant
................................................
schematic ..................................................
................................................
semantic ..................................................
property
................................................
semantic role ..................................................
................................................
setting
the ..................................................
parameter
................................................
single- ..........................................
membered chain
.........................................
speech ..................................................
community
................................................
Stimulating ..................................................
................................................
structure ..................................................
................................................
structure
............................................
dependent rule
............................................
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structure
..................................................
dependent
................................................
structured ..................................................

expression
................................................
phrase ..................................................

structure
................................................
syntax ..................................................
................................................
syntactic ..............................................
representation
.............................................
subject ..................................................
................................................
subject object .......................................
asymmetry
.....................................
system ..................................................
( )
................................................
..................................................
trace ..................................................
triggering ..................................................
Turing test ..................................................
tense
................................................
................................................
................................................
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................................................
U
underyling abstract ...........................................

structure
...........................................
universal ..................................................

grammar
................................................
utterance ..................................................
................................................
variable ..................................................
bound variable ..................................................
variation ..................................................
vacuous ..................................................
preposition
................................................
verb ..................................................
movement
................................................
verb phrase ..................................................
transitive verb ..................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
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.

)Frederick Newmeyer: Linguistic Theory in America. Academic Press, 1980

E. F. Konrad Koerner and Matsuji Tajima. Noam Chomsky: A Personal

shared biological endowment

" " " "

" " "

Juan arreglar el carro

Juan afeita a Pedro

]Juan hizo [arreglar el carro

]Juan hizo [afeitar a Pedro

]Juan hizo [arreglar el carro a Maria

) .()(Juan had Maria fix the car

]Juan hizo [afeitar a Pedro a Maria

Embedded Clause Property

Juan shaves to himself

]Juan hizo [afeitar a se

]Juan hizo [afeitar se

]Juan se hizo [afeitar

]Juan self-made [shave

]Juan se hizo [afeitar a los muchachos

?]A quin se hizo Juan [afeitar

Juan se hizo afeitar al los muchachos

Juan se hizo afeitar

]Juan hizo [afeitar se

]Juan made [shave-self

]Juan hizo [afeitar se por el barbero

]Juan se hizo [afeitar por el barbero

]Juan se hizo [afeitar por el barbero

]Juan se hizo [afeitar

]Juan hizo [afeirarse por el barbero

]Juan hizo [afeitarse

]Juan hizo [afeitarse a los muchachos

]Juan hizo [afeitarse por el barbero

?]A quin hizo Juan [afeitarse

Juan se hizo afeitar a los muchachos

?A quin se hizo Juan afeitar

El Libro pesa dos kilos

Juan escribio un libro

Juan escribio un libro de politica, que pesa dos kilos

Juan escribio un libro de politica, el libro pesa dos kilos

Juan tiene una gata que puede levantar el carro

Juan tiene una gata, la gata puede levantar el carro

The elephant has trunk, which is packed full of clothes

The elephant has a trunk [long snout], the trunk [luggage

I gazed at elephants trunk, which was packed full of clothes

)The Legacy of Wittgenstien. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1984

" " " : "

" " " "

" " " "

Juan se hizo afeitar

El hombre est en la casa

El hombre est en contento

El hombre, que est contento, est en la casa

?Est el hombre en la casa

?Est el hombre contento

?Est el hombre, que contento, est en la casa

?Est el hombre, que est entento, en la casa

[El hombre] est en la casa

[El hombre] est contento

[El hombre [que est contento ]] est en la casa

" " ""

]Juan nos mand [examinarlo

Juan hozo afeitarse

[Su amigo] llam a Juan