Glossary

Intermediate School Level

Social Studies
Glossary

English / Arabic

Translation of Social Studies terms based

on the Coursework for Social Studies
Grades 6 to 8.
Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing
accommodations for ELL/LEP students

Last Updated: 08/18/09

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
Education - P-16
Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education
Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of the University
MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .......................................................................
MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. .........................................................
ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ...............................................................
SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................
JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................
ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ...................................................................................................
GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .................................................................................
HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ...........................................................................................
JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D.........................................................
JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ...............................................................................................
ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................
KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................
CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. .............................................................................................................
BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D.....................................................
LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. .....................................................................................
CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ..........................................................................................
WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .............................................................................................................

New York
Rochester
Tonawanda
New Rochelle
Plattsburgh
Syracuse
Belle Harbor
Hartsdale
Albany
Binghamton
Great Neck
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Bronx
Oakland Gardens
Staten Island
Rochester

Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education

CAROLE F. HUXLEY

Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P16

JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER
Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support
JEAN STEVENS
Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies
PEDRO J. RUIZ
Acknowledgements:
The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and
updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State
Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical
Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York
City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education
Translation and Interpretation Unit.
The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran
status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs,
services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or
audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Departments Office for
Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH

ARABIC

A
abolition
abuses
acculturation
adaptation
advantages
agrarian
Albany Plan of Union
alien
alliance
alliances
Allied powers
amendment
American Federation of Labor
American Railway Union
American Revolution
American system (Clay)
ancestor
ancestor worship
animism
Annapolis Convention
anthropology
Anti-Federalists
appeasement
apportionment
architectural drawings
army
Articles of Confederation
artifacts
assassination
assassinations
Assembly
astronauts
atomic bomb
austerity
autonomy
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ARABIC

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Axis powers
Aztecs

) (

baby boom
banking
Berlin airlift
Berlin Wall
bicameral
bicameral legislature
blitzkrieg
Bolshevik Revolution
bonds
British North America Act
Buddhism
business
business organization
C

Camp David Accord

campaign
Canada
Canadian Bill of Rights
canal
Caribbean
categories
Catholics
census reports
Central America
characteristics
checks and balances
chemical warfare
child labor
Christianity
chronological order
chronology
civil service
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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Civil War
clan
Cold War
collapse
commerce
common good
communism
communist nations
competition
compromise
Compromise of 1850
Confucianism
conscription
Conservation Day
Constitutional Amendments
Constitutional Convention
construction
consumer society
consumption
containment
continental congress
convention
cooperation
corollary
corporation
corruption
cotton
court cases
credit
Cuban missile crisis
cultural diffusion
cultural diversity
cultural identity
cultural patterns
cultural understanding
currency
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ARABIC

1850

Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH

ARABIC

D
debate
Democratic Party
democratic society
depression
depressions
deregulation
direct election of Senators
direct versus indirect election
disabled
disadvantages
disarmament
discrimination
diseases
doctrine
domestic
domestic policy
draft riots
Dust Bowl

E
Eastern Hemisphere
economic development
economies (traditional, command,
market, and mixed)
elastic clause
electoral
emancipation
Emancipation Proclamation
Embargo Act
emergence
empathy
enforce laws
English
English colonies (New England, Middle
Atlantic, Southern)
Enlightenment
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)
(

Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH
equal rights
equality
Era of Good Feelings
escapism
espionage
Espionage Act of 1917
establishment
ethnic
ethnic backgrounds
ethnic neighborhoods
ethnocentrism
European Union
expansionism

ARABIC

1917

F
fact/opinion
famine
Far West
farmer
fauna
federal
federal (national) government
Federal Reserve Act
federal system
federal union
Federalism
Federalist Papers
Federalists
Filipinos
financial institutions
First Continental Congress
flora
foreign
foreign aid
foreign markets
foreign policy
foreign trade
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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Fort Sumter
Fourteen Points
franchise
freedom trail
French and Indian War
French Revolution
French-Canadian
frontier
fugitive slave laws

ARABIC
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-

G
gender
genocide
global economy
Good Neighbor Policy
graduated income tax
Grange
Great Britain
Great Compromise
Greece
grids

H
Harlem Renaissance
Haymarket Riot
heroes
heroines
Hinduism
historian
historical analysis
historical developments
holocaust
human dignity
human rights violations

( )

I
identity
illustrate
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH
impact
impacts
impeachment
imperialism
imperialist
incarceration
Incas
income
income tax
India
indigenous development
industrial
industrial power
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Workers of the World
inflation
initiative
institution
integrity
interactions
international
internment
interrelationships
interstate
interstate commerce
interstate highway system
intervention
intolerance
investments
involvement
Irish
Islam
isolation
isolationism
Italy

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ARABIC

Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH

ARABIC

J
Japanese
Japanese-Americans
Jews
Judaism
judicial review
justice

K
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kellogg-Briand Pact
kinship
Knights of Labor
Korean War

-
-

" "

L
labor markets
labor union
land bridge
Land Ordinance of 1785
Latin America
latitude
League of Nations
legislation
legislature
leisure activities
life expectancy
limited government
Lincoln-Douglas debate
literature
longitude
Louisiana Purchase
loyalists

1785

M
majority rule
Manhattan Project
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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Manifest Destiny
manufactured goods
manufacturing
Marshall Plan
Mayas
Mayflower Compact
Memorial Day
mercantilism
Mexican War
Mexicans
Middle Ages
middle class
Midwest
military
minorities
minority
Missouri Compromise
mobile society
mobilization
Monroe Doctrine
monuments
Muckrakers

ARABIC

N
NAACP
NAFTA
narratives
national
national origins
nationalism
Native American Indians
NATO
natural boundaries
natural resources
naturalization
navigation
navy
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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)(




)" "(

ENGLISH
Nazi Germany
Nazi Holocaust
Neolithic Revolution
neutrality
New Deal
newspapers
)noninterference (laissez-faire
normalcy
Northwest Ordinance
nuclear
nuclear families
nuclear family
nullification
O
oil
Open Door Policy
opportunity costs
oppression
oral histories
ordinance
Oregon Territory
overpopulation

10

Panama Canal
Parliament
patriots
patroonship system
peace
peacekeeping
perceptions
periodizations
persecution
Persian Gulf War
perspective
pioneers
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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plantation
plantation system
pledge of allegiance
policy
political boundaries
political parties
political power
politics
popular vote
population
Populist movement
postwar
Poughkeepsie Convention
poverty
preamble
precedent
Preindustrial Age
Presidents cabinet
primary elections
primary sources
principles
privileges
proclamation
productivity
profit
progressive
Progressive leaders
prohibition
propaganda
prosperity
protests
psychology
Puritans
pursuit of happiness

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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH

ARABIC

Q
Quakers
Quebec Act
Quota Act

racial
racial discrimination
racism
railroads
ratification
rationing
recall
recall election
reconstruction
reductions
referendum
reform
reform movement
regulation
reliability
relief
Renaissance
reparation
reparations
representation
repression
Republican government
Republican Party
resignation
restrict
rights of the minority
river civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt,
China, Indus Valley)
Rome

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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelts Executive Order 8802
Roosevelts Treaty of Portsmouth

ARABIC

8802

S
scandals
scholars
scientific
sculpture
secession
Second Continental Congress
secondary sources
sectional
sedition
Sedition Act of 1918
segregation
self-government
Senate
separation of powers
separatism
settlement houses
sharecropping
Shays Rebellion
shelter
Sherman Antitrust Act
significance
skilled workers
social commentary
social sciences (anthropology,
economics, geography, history, political
science, psychology, and sociology)
social scientific method
social security
socialism
Socialist Party
sociology
soup kitchens
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1918

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)
(

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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ARABIC

ENGLISH
Southwest
Soviet Union
Spanish-American War
spatial organization
sphere of influence
spiritual beliefs
spoils system
Stamp Act
standard of living
state's rights
states rights
status quo
statutes
steel
stock market
stock market crash
strategy
Sub-Saharan Africa
suffrage
Supreme Court decision
T

) (
14

Tammany Hall
tariff
tariffs
tax
temperance
territorial expansion
territory
three-fifths compromise
timeframes
totalitarian
totalitarian societies
Townsend Plan
trade
treaties (Citizen Genet, Jay, and
)Pinckney
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

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treaty
trends
triangular trade
tribe
Truman Doctrine
trust
trusts
Tweed Ring

ARABIC

U
underground railroad
unemployment
Union
unionize
United Nations

United Nations Universal Declaration of

Human Rights

V
Versailles Treaty
Veterans Day
veto
Vietnam War
village

wage
wages
Wagner Act
war bonds
War of 1812
Warsaw Pact
waterway
Western Hemisphere
westward expansion
westward migration
Whiskey Rebellion
white collar
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH
white-collar employees
womens rights
womens suffrage
workforce
working conditions
Works Progress Administration
World Court
world power
World War I
World War II
worldviews

ARABIC

Y
Yalta Conference
yellow journalism

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