1111MU1A

un+ nn:ou/me +n e0ne:c+oc e nocnano Mancn+a Lepesoeconoo, nn+

cn:ou/me e/0:qeac+o, n s+/uuunoc cn/ee/0uomeuu ee:n:nu q nauopa+/
+ncnenea X\III cn., n Lepesoeconn ece /:ome encqeacnoc enepe0,
uaqeau:n 0o+/uqu:oo sua:euu. P/u nepmn s+/une op/cuna/u se`sn/e s
ceponeconou nq:onqpou: no oo nonepe0unnn q X\II cn. saceoi:n a
pono, `npnennemn` oo ua e:acun pqun, no Lepesoeconn, uaenann,
e/0npne uamq +qsnnq Cepon/. P/u nepmn ceponeco, :u0nua ce/nq, one,
/:no+ cn/eseq:un ceoc+q :acq 0o/ +o:o0oo n:acnns+q. Hoo na:aun
m:/qqeaec o0uo:acuo s no0a:omn+ posennno+ ooo cnn:u (ue saq0o+o,
o no:anno+ ooo cnn:ooeoo nep/o0q eeaaunoc I710n/ ponn). One,
o/uu:n cna0nuq no+nosnnopa q n:onu/ cnn:u, c:/0 +ann ua qeas/ ue
+o:o0oo Lenaoeeua, a +o:o0oo Ia0ua na n/0:/nna Moapna.
0euo+eu M.Lepesoeconoo e aano e :o+q e ue posnpnna na
c+un. un nocunnn, o neopn 20:/nuooo uuana 0/cnauno ensuauu
nan men0no, o ee q I78 po/ uno ne:/u nepepaaqeae ia q ceoi
nun/ `Mqsnna / a:en e Poc/i X\III cn.`? unn+ :nuo+ neop:/cno Le
pesoeconoo ensua:n:a ua cno:/nn enepe0 cnpqnnqpq +qsnnn /nqp/i?
P/u san:ae qqu0a+eun uoeoo aopoeoo nouepnq, cneopne u/+eonn +o
nen, nepmq onepq sa uacq:acu/mn+n uop+a+n, nepmq /ucnpq+euna:ouq
couanq / ece e sa nnaoco I pon/e.
Ta ua/:ome epaac ne, o q J0 pon/e e/u n/0u/cc 0o eepmnu q/
:ocoqconna qsaa:oueuo q nouepn/ `He oneepn +eue eo epe+ cnapoc
nn`. Cn:a0acnoc epaeuu nooco ua0npnpo0uoo enqaq neop:oi euep/i
a0e u/o ue e/qea:o enunnueuu ooo +onenuoo nac/ouq (sa ens
ua:euu+ C.eeamoea na 4.Ho:ca/ua 0ne.: `Hcnopn pqccno +qsunn
e I0 no+aa`. To+ J. M., I08). o0un ne/p no+nosnnopa ue ua:na
cnoc 0o /ci eu/a:ouoi cnoe/0/ s+q:euoi 0qm/ ua nopos/ npa/:uoi sane:/.
Hpo:e+n, noe`sau/ s /+eue+ M.Lepesoeconoo, q+oeuo +oua no0/:nnn
ua 0e/ pqnn.
O:een0uo, e 0oeo npneann+e nomqn oo neop/e, / ca+e sapas s`
en:nc uoe/ suaa/0nn. V se`snq s n+ oco:neoo sua:euu uanpac nnnauu
anpnq/i. uacoea e/0cnauo no:nuq:a aano ea:nena qann/e: no:ue
np/sene (na /+`) aenopa neopq, 0nqepeu/a/u no+/ p/sun+n Lepesoe
conn+n / n. /u. Pqnonncue noqnqeauu nano uan:a0ac ce/ e/0nnon
(enpana nosua:on, enncnn, `pe0aqeauu` / `ennpae:euu` nencn/e enno
uae+n / n. /u.). H/:no+ o:een0uo, o 0: anpnq/i (np/+, sposq+/:o,
3
qannn:una 0auna) nonp/ua +o0e:o cnn:u no+nosnnopa. V enpo:euu/ ii
c:/0 seaann ua nan/ +o+eunn: sa:q:euu aup/e, npe0cnae:euna 0ocnno
o`c+uo, a e :nme aopoea neop:/cno: cnnpauu n/:onn ua aco:unuo
escq+u/eu/ neopn no+nosnnopa na ua uaen/ 0ocueuu (npn epaaqeauu/
uanomnpeu/mna npno+/e q /:o+q). Hpnunnoeo ea:nen+ c pos+eqeauu
0qaoeuoi na ce/nconoi neop:ocn/, n/ +auno p/su/ cnn:ooe/ osuann. Ppemn/,
onpec:euu noo uannnoe/moo, o aapannepnsqc ceponeconq +qsnnq ca+e
nep/o0q neop:ocn/ M.Lepesoeconoo (nono npn:nsuo 0n/ no:anon
70a pon/e). 40e +n +ac+o npnn:a0n, n no:ue 0anqeauu noen nee
uoo +qsn:uoo sacoq euocn:o nopennnen e anpnq/u. Onpec:nnn ec/
uuaucn nanoi poonn ue+o:neo, a:e +oua enasann, o no0/un
aua:/s pqunqcnoc ua ene:euu/ a:aucq +/ saa:ouoeneaun+ (ua no
:ac) na ennopncnaun+ q 0auo+q neop/ (e no+q :nc:/ nop/euuo s /umn+n
neopa+n noo no+nosnnopa). Hpone nqn 0oa n:acnns+q uan:a0ac
ceoi o+eeuu, ocn/:onn e cnn:o npauqe 0o qsaa:oueuoo, nnn/so
eauoo. Tan ua npnn:a0/ +qsnnn M.Lepesoeconoo sae`sqcnoc eqso: /:om
saa:omna npo:e+.
(pqe no:o nnnauo nocnac q se`snq s e:acue oconcn/cnu no+nosn
nopa. 3en:auo, +auno npo0oeqeannco 0a:/ nomqnn e apa/eaa / /:/o
nenaa / e Vnpaiu/, / e Henepqps/, / e p/suna +/cnaa Ina:/i (e ue
n/:onn Lo:ouo H/sa :n /eopuo, a, +oe, Peue/ na /u.). He no
:nmac+o ua0/u ua ne, o enennoc qann /opaq/i +nn, nn nnue
ce/n:o ua oo ocnauu/ ponn, ua ocnaenun oo nnn. 4:e ee sapas
+oua ensua:nnn m:an ua:neuu 0o posq+/uu oconcnocn/ Lepesoe
conoo. Ia0au, nqn nonp/un n/0a/0 s nosn/ :on+au/econoi ce+/onnnn
nq:onqpn, seepueuu 0o oco:neocne cepone noo :acq, s o0uoo onq,
/ qnpaiu, s /umoo. un/ neu0eu/i e 0qaoeuo+q nnn/ Vnpaiun, He
nepqpa, epemn/, Ceponn +o:n en:nuqnn ua +o:o0oo +qsnnauna? Le
pesoeconn ua:eae ceoc+q :acoe/, oo qop+qea:a an+ocqepa I:qaoea,
+oe, Encea. Haneeuo, 0qe cn:ouo en:nuqe ua uooo Henepqp. un+
ensua:a:oc nnn `H/eu/:uoi Ha:o+/pn` uanpnn/u/ 0a q 0n/ ponn?
un/ /0ei nauqea:n sonpe+a e cepe0oen/ qnpaiuconoi /une:/eu/i, s nou ue
+/ ue s/nnuqnnc uuan? o :nna:n no0/, o 0ncnqnqea:n, :n+ /naen
:nc / n:n oce/:eu/ eepcnen? un/ q:n +ncneon/ qno0oauu? H/naeo q:o
s`cqeann, o e::n coou n/ /uose+u/ +qsnnaunn, s nn+n cn/:nqeaec
(:n +/ cn/:nqeannc) uuan s Vnpaiun? unou q:a po0nua aecnp/conna
+qsnnaun/e, s noi noao0n:a oo 0pqnua? Pce e +oua, ao: :acnnoeo,
penoucnpqueann.
Hpone uaea:ne/mou, o:een0uo, +a:a n cnann cnpoa uanpec:nnn
`nopnpen` noo:acuoi ceponeconoi :u0nun. Pnn:u:uo o0apoeaun /, ua
neeuo, +ennn a:oneo q ua/:om cnpnn:neo+q e// nonpanne q soec/+
uoee / ua0sen:auo 0nua+/:ue cepe0oene. 3a0a+o npo nomnpeuu /0e
qpauqsonna eunn:one0ncn/e, esaa:/ npoce/nunnea. Mnue nnaoco 20 po
n/e / enqaue Pe:nna qpauqsona peeo:u/. Pe qop+qcnoc pqa `Lqp
/ uanncn` q H/+e::nu/. Cepona uacn:eua nepe0posoeou an+ocqepou. Xo:
Ina:/ / ue nepe0qea:a e na npoecaa, a:e / ue q:a e/0opoeuou e/0
4
una. Mo:o0n Lepesoeconn e0naae e e/:oue noe/np, enqeaec e ap:n
pnn+ ooo nnn, nanoo ue no0/uoo 0o nnn ao:o0uoo oq//
osuoo Henepqpa. One, e/u nopnuqe e an+ocqepq Ina:/i s ii uacn:eun+,
qpa:nen+ +/conn+ nnn+, ne pnu/:o +qsnnou, cennoen+ n/0ueceuu+.
Hoo ono:qea:n ee:nn/ neopn apa/nennqpn, cnq:onnqpn, +a:pcnea, epe
mn/, saaon:uu:n, :ap/eun ce/n neanpq ua:e e/:ue npo0oeeuu nap
uaea:q. nnn noo :acq no:opnnuo s+a:ueae (.Easauoea, nn, 0o
pe:/, qe q /eopuo / sqcnp/:aec s paqo+ O:enc/c+ Op:oen+, nono
+ae s/nnuqec s Lepesoeconn+. Moua n/:onn noucnanqeann, o `(e
+oqoun` qe nocnae:eun ca+e n/0 :ac e/snnq poc/conoi ecna0pn, no:n
posopna:ac no0e/ua /unpna Op:oea / nuun Tapanauoeoi / :ncnq:e,
cnpaee nnn ee uec:o e co/ nepe0:qnn +aqnuooi npae0/i.
3en:auo, +oea ue npo ne, :n nepenuq:nc m:an cnpo+uoo no+no
snnopa na npeneu0eunnn ua npecno: / +oqnuooo euepa:aumeqa,
ea:nen+ c aeaunupun 0qa enoan, aapannepn :u0e. uno ua+ e0acnoc
uanpec:nnn opas Lepesoeconoo aenopa `(e+oqouna` / cnpnnnoeoi co
uann, +oe, :eme q0e sposq+/nn nq 0pa+q, o pos/pa:ac e Henep
qps/. 28p/:un no+nosnnop, onpn:eun qcn/ao+ ceoci onepn, nq e/u a:ne
ua ceu/ / :qe q ennouauu/ uanpana cn/ean/e, +qsnna noo ce/0:nno npo
:en/cno / pa0/cno neopeuu, s nen:oo, npne/nuoo H/e0u nonpan:c e
cq+un oc/uu/ :ac 0o ao:o0uoo Henepqpa. Haneeuo, e/u qe cnoeueun
ce/n:na cno0/eauo. Tn+ :nmn+ qe npa/s+ nopasnn, epaeuoi op0ocn/
/ ueensuauu. Ha oo 0o:u enna:n s:n0u/, ca+onu/cno. unou ue q:a
qannn:ua npn:nua oo c+epn/ cnpaeuoou cna:a npnu/:eu/cno, 0e
npec/, enpana ua0/i. P/u +/ n enqnuqnn, n n/su/me 4:oqpe0 0e Mucce:
`O s:n0u/, o ca+onu/cno!`.
Hpone M.Lepesoeconn, esq+oeuo, ue qe :u0nuou c:anou e/u
ua+aaec oponnc s ocnaenua+n, a ue cnouann uap/nann ua 0o:u.
Hu euqnp/muu cn:q +n e/0:qeac+o e oo +qsn/. `He oneepn +eue`
npncnpacue sanepe:euu, 0pa+ann:ua oponoa, e/pa e no0o:auu ne
pemno0 / uae/no ua0/. 40e q/ua:oua qqa, e n/ nnnnno npncnpacno,
na sa 0pa+ann:un+ uanpqeuu+ ue +ac co/ p/euna ua no :ac, san/u
:qcnoc ce/n:n+ +aopun+ npnseqno+.
Lepesoeconn e/0npneac cq+un +apnnpo:o nna +nn/e, n/ ue s+o:n
npncnocqeannco 0o ocnaenu, npnunn uaeno:nmuu 0/cu/cno. Tann+ qe
/ 4pne+/ Pe0e:o, a e uacnqnuo+q cno:/nn/ Tapac ee:euno. Moua
eeaann, o M.Lepesoeconn e nepma `saea :u0nua`, na enn:aco
s/ ceoo :acq, na npnm:a ua0no pauo. I cnpae0/, :n ue sae:acuo s`enec
e o0apoeaun uuan, na:aun noo cna:aauqe nan cnpaeo / nnn
noo sop/:o nan men0no? uno npae0a, o Lepesoeconn uan:ae ua cee
pqnn, no / e oo+q e/u enneacnoc s/ ceoo cnop/::. Lo s0/cueuu
nanoo annq cnop/me npnna+auue po+aunn:uo+q nnnoe/, one, /um/
enoc/. Pano qennn co/ neop/e X\II :n X\III cno:/no, n/ uaean:nc
nosaennn cee e:acuoo nnn, ao: n nn+ eann+ eouo ue q:o. I0e
ca+oqcnea noe`saua s uoeou :u0nuou, ii uoen+ posq+/uu+ e:acuoi /0
5
uocn/, e:acuoi eo:/. 40e e ann c ene:euu+ cnpaeuooo / npa/
:uoo nponecnq.
Mnuq:n cno:/nn, / unu/ +n e/00ac+o mauq uamo+q ee:nno+q cn/e
e/n:nsunnoe/. H/0 :ac cennqeauu ue/:eu e Ence/ e noupea/uo+q sa:/
EnceoMon:uconoi ana0e+/i 227 oenu I00 p. npom:a nouqepeu/.
Poua nonasa:a / ee:nnn /unepec 0o nocnan/ M.Lepesoeconoo, / opn/ua:o
u/cno m:a/e enp/meuu nopqmeuna npo:e+. 3 encnqn/e ii q:acunn/e / cn:a
:ac s/pna. (onoe/0/ nonasa:n aano+au/nu/cno n/0ao0/e / ueop0nuap
u/cno +eno0nn ene:euu neop:ocn/ +nn. Lq:o eee0euo uoe/ +anep/a:n,
encquqno c+/:ne/ /nonesn. P nouepnaa nposeq:a:n neopn Lepesoeconoo,
n/ 0oc/ ue ennouqea:nc, na q:n npe0cnae:eu/ uoe/ suaa/0nn. Pce e
0oseo:c neep0nnn, o e/0sua:euu ue/:eu Lepesoeconoo cna:o en0anun+
nq:onqpun+ ene+ q +ncneono+q nnn/ Vnpaiun, a0e enepme e eunp/
qean nocna:o X\III cno:/nn / o0nu s +nn/e noo :acq.
(o s/pnn qe/m:n cnann/, o no0auno mnponn /cnopn:un / nq:o
nqpun qou :acq neop:oi 0/:ouocn/ Lepesoeconoo. Tan, q cnanna P.3a
inn `Lanon/enua Mancn+a Lepesoeconoo +/cno I:qa/e q X\III cno
:/nn/` na P.Lc:amoea `Ieno+aucona cno:n I:qa/e nq:onqpun
eunp Vnpaiun X\III cn.` +/cno, 0e uapo0nec Lepesoeconn, nocnac e
ceoi /cnopn:u/ 0o:/ e nna nepeneopeuua, n/ e/0qea:nco q X\III cn.
H no:/nn:ua cno:n Vnpaiun qonqcqea:a ec/ uaea:ne/m/ no0/i npaiun,
nqn uaeno:o Ieuepa:ouoi naue:p/i socepe0qea:nc /une:ennqa:ou/ cn:n
0/:n /cnop/opaqn, nepen:a0a:/, nnco+euunnn na q/:ocoqn. Eq:onqpue
sua:euu +/cna enen:oco / e no+q, o se/0cn enm:o aano en0anuna
0/:/e, nanna n 4.oceuno, I.4pquoe. Tan oneac qou, ua no+q enunn:a
nocnano Lepesoeconoo.
P /umo+q panqpc/ onpec:euo nq:onqpue cepe0oene q cnann/ .Eopu/
`Teop:/cno M.Lepesoeconoo e nounencn/ qnpaiuconoi +qsn:uoi nq:onqpn
X\III cn.`, 0e pos:0aunoc saa:ou/ npoecn e qnpaiucon/ +qsn/, uan
pec:uunoc qnpaiuconopoc/con/ esac+nun, nopqmqcnoc ea:nee nnnauu
ua/oua:ouoi ensua:euocn/ neop:ocn/.
T.Iqcap:qn q cnann/ `Hocnano Mancn+a Lepesoeconoo e nounencn/
nq:onqpn apono` nano nopnacnoc npo:e+n no+nosnnopconoo cnn:u,
cnpaee0:neo uao:omqu:n ua ensua:a:ou/ po:/ aupq / cnae::n Lepesoe
conoo e p0 `ee:nnoi np//` paso+ s 4.Pe0e:e+ na (.Lopnuuconn+.
Opn/ua:oun panqpc +ac cnann E.Lep0euunnoeoi, 0e enepme pos:0a
cnoc cnnqa/, o cn:a:ac q npaeoc:aeu/ epne/ q X\III cn., na ue
+o:a ue en:nuqnn ua epnoeue +ncneneo, a sua:nno, / ua +qsnnq.
E:u:oeou q/qpou nocnac 0.Hpononoen: peqop+anop, nn suaao0nec
n/0 cn:oun+ en:neo+ nponecnaunns+q. (a:om/ posponn e oo+q uanp+nq
+oqno e/0noe/cnn ua :n+a:o sannnauo cnocoeuo oco:neocne +qsnnn,
na noqnqea:a no0/, noo n:/+anq, nn enneopnec /, esq+oeuo, en:neae
ua Lepesoeconoo.
P /umo+q nounencn/ pos:0acnoc Lepesoeconn q cnanna, npnce
:euna e:acue neop:ocn/. Tan, I.Mancn+oea e uapnc/ `Xopoea neop:/cno
M.Lepesoeconoo na napnecu/ neopn M.(n:eonoo ((o nnnauu npo 0e
6
pe:a nouepnuoo cnn:u M.Lepesoeconoo)` nop/euuc ennopncnauu nou
epnuna npnunn/e e ooa no+nosnnop/e, mqnac en/:euu +qsn:uopnnopn
:una q/qp, nepe:/:euna q npannanaa (n:eonoo. P oo+q pqc:/ /uuou
c pose/0na M.Pp:euna, nn suamoe neopn 4.Pa:nuconoo / spone cnpoq
ensua:nnn po:o ooo +nn q cnauoe:euu/ cnn:u Lepesoeconoo.
Mqsnna Lepesoeconoo 0oseo:c nopqmnnn / p0 /:om saa:ouna nn
nauo, sanponouqeann uoe/ +eno0nnn. ucnpaen+ npnn:a0o+ ca+e nanoo
n/0ao0q c cnann I.Hcnoeconoo `Ho:/qou/:u/ npno+n e aopoe/ neop
:ocn/ M.Lepesoeconoo`, e n/ sacnocoeauo +eno0 qpe+oeoo aua:/sq.
He 0a:o +o:ne/cno aenopoe/ / enn:acnn uoeq +eno0nnq, / 0/nn ea:nena
qsaa:ouuu:na encuoen/e, eeecnn Lepesoeconoo q ceponeconn nounencn,
s o0uoo onq, na noe`sann s :nnuun+n npnunna+n uapo0uoo n/cue
neopeuu, s 0pqoo.
Hacnp/sua ne+a cnane, noe`sauna s npo:e+ou nounencnq, +ac
p/su/ qop+n eneq. Tan, P.Me0ee0nn (`(en/ acnennn naunoeoo cnn:e
qneopeuu e aopoena neopaa M.Lepesoeconoo`) npocneqc en:ne nauna
ua aopoeq +qsnnq, a .Enuoecona (`Mqsn:uopnnopn:u/ q/qpn e ap/a s
onepn M.Lepesoeconoo `(e+oqoun") seepnacnoc 0o cqepn, na +eume
npneepna:a qeaq 0oc:/0unn/e, a ca+e, 0o onepn, sacnocoequ:n uecno0/eaun
/, n enen:oc, c:qmun +eno0 aua:/sq (:epes nonas ennopncnauu pnno
pnnn) / 0oeo0:n nepea/0un aapannep cnn:u ap/ s `(e+oqouna` e/0
`ap/ aqennq` 0o n:acnncnconna.
(o cnane, e nna nopqmqcnoc npo:e+a n/su/moi o/unn neop:ocn/
0pqoi no:oenun X\III cn., ua:enno pose/0na H.Tenep/uoi `uanoeconn
/ Lopnuuconn`, e n/ pos:0aunoc oco:neocn/ pe0aqeauu H.uanoe
conn+ 0qaoeuna neop/e (.Lopnuuconoo. 0euo+eu M.Lepesoeconoo 0ae
s+oq nopnuqnnco nano npo:e+n no:annq +qsn:uoi /cnop/opaq/i na
nepmoi /opaq/i M.Lepesoeconoo, n e spo:euo e cnann/ E.a+aceoi
`C.Lo:aoe/n/uoe n /cnopnn +qsn:uoi nq:onqpn`. Hapemn/, q cnanna
P.q:o/uoi na .Ie:euno eeo0noc apa/eu/ +anep/a:n. P o0uo+q enna0nq
(P.q:o/ua) e nauopa+a n/ci neop:ocn/, na noqnqea:a sa :ac/e no+
nosnnopa e Vnpaiu/. .Ie:euno nponouqc /nonesq npo posmnqpqeauu
/+eu/ nac+un:oo `cnuoopa Lepemoo:o` n Mancn+a Lepesoeconoo na ap
q+eunn ua nopncno noo, o e/u qe aenopo+ nano nepmoi qnpaiuconoi
cn+qou/i. Ppemn/, uapnc P.Ce+euoea nopnacnoc :/nepanqpuoo opasq
Lepesoeconoo e po+au/ M.Eqno:ounna.
Hepma s/pna pose/0on npo Mancn+a Lepesoeconoo 0ocnno p/suo+au/n
ua, +oe uae/no 0eo cnponana. 4:e eoua 0ac nomnoea 0a:omn+ pos0q
+a+, uaqnoen+ nomqna+, npneepnau:n uamq qeaq 0o ua/oua:ouoi cna0
nun, 0o X\III cno:/nn, ne npnaoeqc e co/ nan aano /naeoo / nonn
o nan +a:o ence/n:eue e cq:acuo+q +qsnnosuaecne/.
H.Iepacn+oeaHepcn0cona,
0onnop +ncneneosuaecnea
1
P. 3aina
LATLKIBHHHA MAKCHMA LEPE3OBCLKOIO
MICTO IHVXIB V XVIII CTOHITTI
Tncu4o:inu icopiu I:yxoua po:na(acicu na pn cuocpi(nnx
cann, po:ipuani iu coou ncunnn npoiuuan u 4aci. 1) X-
XIV co:iu, 2) XVII-XVIII co:iu, 8) XIX-XX co:iu.
Hcpmnn ncpio( uc unuua (oa. :ara(ua unnnuncnnu I:y
xoua, ncpmi :ionncni :ra(un npo nioro, naniu:ayi :crcn(n a
apxco:ori4ni acpia:n. Bnac:i(ou cpamno cni(ci 4yn 182
pouy ico :nnuac : icopi anuc na 2u pouiu. Tpcin ncpio(
o ocannu po:y(oua I:yxoua, mo naca:a nic:u 1S61 pouy, uo:n
unac:i(ou cc:unciuo pcqopn noimnun, mo opna:n unuynni
n:acui, no4a:n acouo ncpccc:uncu (o I:yxoua. Hc ncpio(
Tcpcmcnuiu a Hapyiu, ncpmoro u Yupani u4nc:iciuoro incn
yy a ucix :nxnx noncuipuni, mo unna:n icy pa:o : ycicu
Yupanou u XX c.
A (pyrnn ncpio( o :o:onn uiu ni(ncccnnu ica au
(o piunu rcianciuo co:nui. Cac uin :ircu : napo(ucnnu
a canou:cnnu Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. o:u ica c:noccpc(
nio nou`u:ana : no(iun u Yupani. Ho4nnacicu yupanciuc ui(
po(ucnnu ui(po(uycicu I:yxiu, ypu( Iacpnnn II cuacouyc
yupanciuy auonoiu i I:yxiu :nnuac u cpamnin noucui 17S4
pouy, ui( uuo u ici :a:nmn:ncu :i4cni y(iu:i.
Ha no4auy XVII c. nouropo(ciucpciunn u:umop Hico4nn
ciunn opnyc ui( no:iciuoro uopo:u (o:ui: na :acc:cnnu caporo
I:yxiuciuoro ropo(nma. Hcu(ou:i I:yxiu cac :na4nn ucnpo
no:in4noro i uy:iypnoro unu Yupann.
B ncpmin no:ounni XVII c. 4cpc: cu:a(ni no:iciuopocinciui
ui(nocnnn I:yxiu nco(nopa:ouo ncpcxo(nu :ni( u:a(n uopo:u ni(
u:a(y uapu, i naunaun. A:c uuc on qau, mo npn :acc:cnni
I:yxoua Hico4nnciunn ni(nuu ucnpa:iny 4acnny ica na ui:i
ua cpiu, uua:yc na nauunici 4nc:cnnoro nacc:cnnu u uin ic
ucuoci. Y onorpaqi, npncuu4cnin npy Bopnunciuoy, auou
ypo(ucnuu I:yxoua, (oc:i(nnu B. Iuanou nnmc. Capounnnnn
8
I:yxiu yu oo4cnnn :ican n o:oan. Hi( 4ac uccnuno noucni
n po::nuy icucuo pi4un Ecani, npnoun I:cucni, ...y(nnun
:a:nma:ncu y cuocpi(noy cxounmi ui( nairiu uo4ounnuiu. Hau
uo:nmnc nacc:cnnu, :a :crcn(ou, uuaua:o I:yxiu :a4apouann.
Ha oy icui, (c cou:a uo:nci ncpma ucpuua, nino na Bc
:nu(cni :uy4a:n (:uonn i cniu, uui 4y:n i:iun mac:nui y Bora
1
.
I:yxiu cac uau:nun npnuop(onnn icoqopcucu. Oco
:nuo c:aun uin :aunu y 1668-1664 pp. ni( 4ac nacyny na
Yupany api no:iciuoro uopo:u nna Ia:iipa. H`ui nuniu
ooponu:ocu ico i uncou:o. onoarau4n r:yxiu4ana, a no
u:au ro:ouy c:aunnn Iuan Boryn.
I:yxiu ui(:na4acicu i u no:in4noy uni Yupann. Horo
cmuanui u 16u poui cpyi aununy y4aci u annocuouciuin
auui rciana Iuana Bnrouciuoro. B 166S poui na r:yxiuciuin
pa(i uo:auuo npnnac pimcnnu. Hcpcuc:auciuy yro(y : uapc
po:ipuan i myuan cou:y xo4 n n : upnciun xano. Bcpc:
piu nounn rcian . Vnororpimnnn yu:a(ac : Vocuuou noui
I:yxiuciui cai, mo :na4nou ipou :ac:nc4yua:n auononi
npaua Yupann. Y (pyrin no:ounni XVII c. u Icianmnni po:
unuauicu opcn(ni ui(nocnnn. Hani:imc npnyuy (ac Hiunn
ciunn no:u {(o uuoro uxo(n:a i r:yxiuciua conu)
2
. Hpouro
pouy y I:yxoui ui(yuauicu 4onpn uc:nui upapun, nani:i
mnn na I::in (cni. Toy, uo:n u 17uS poui pocinciui uinciua
:nnmn:n rcianciuy co:nuu Baypnn, icucncpcyuannu nouo
ro rciana I. Cuopona(ciuoro y:o opano I:yxiu.
uopycicu i :ounimnin unr:u( I:yxoua. numo u ccpc(nni
XVII c. noro onncyui :a pa(nuinnou cnccou qopnqiuaui
{(ui una(c:i), o u XVIII c. aco uc:n4c:ny {ncpncp
:n:iuo 2, u) :ara:inoiciuy qopcuu
8
. Cuin unccou :pon:n
noucui. 18 ccpnnu 16S pouy y I:yxoui :ropiu capnn :aou.
pyra noucua anuc nounicu :nnmn:a ncpmy rcianciuy :a
y(ouy ica u 174S poui. 3ropi:o 27 y(nnuiu, oproui pu(n.
A:c nic:u unx noucu I:yxiu ui(y(yuaucu i cau mc nnmnimn.
1
Ieauoe P. (+nnpo Lopnuuconn. E., I080. C. IJ.
2
Po+auoeconn P. E ncnopnn apeu0u ua eeoepeuo Vnpanue eo enopo no:oenue
X\II ua:a:e X\IIIcn. , Henonopue eonpocu cona:ouoonouo+n:ecnoo pasennn
PoPocno:uo Poccnn. I070. C. J28, J11, J.
8
Pe:epconn P. I:qa/econa cnapoenua , Ha+`nnn Vnpaiun: /cnop/ na nq:onqpa.
I001. J-. C. 80.
9
Y 174S poui Ccna Pocinciuo incpi cuo yua:o nauii ncpc(
a4nu uncpmc u Yupani :ay(yuan ico :a c(nnn pcry:upnn
n:ano. Icpyua:n uicu pooou ui(oi apxicuopn I. Vcpracou
i O. Iuacou. A:c pcu noucua y:a (:u ica qaa:inou. Cui
(ou uic uaacpoqn H. Py`unucu nncau Iacpnni II. B I:yxouc
na Bc:ono:oucuo qopma(c 17S4 auryca 7 4nc:a u 1u 4acou
c no:yno4n o o(non ucxon n:i c(c:a:cu nouap n (cncunc
npccn:inoro ucpa pacnpocpann:cu au, 4o ucc cnocoi, yno
pc:cnniu u npccc4cnnu onoro, i:n c:no:c:ni. Oroni pocn:o
u upcnoci n na Bcpnrnn qopma(... A u 8 4aca nono:y(nn
noropc:n. uacnnix ucpuucn, (cun4nn onacipi... I (a:i n(c
ncpc:iu, : uuoro un(no, mo ico :ropi:o nounicu
1
. uaa:inn
y:o c, mo uu noucua anuc :ir:acu u 4aci i: :nnmcnnu
Iacpnnou II auononnx npau Yupann i :anpoua(ucnnu :a
ra:inoincpciunx qop a(inicpaui, cy(o4nncua {17S1). Hic:u
uioro yua:an Iacpnnn II, O:cucan(pa I a Vnuo:n I :nnmy
ua:nci :na4ni y(iu:i I:yxoua Vnxan:iuciua ucpuua, iuo4nn
onacnp : Ycncnciun xpao, :a:nmun qopcui, y(nnou 2
Va:opocinciuo uo:cri {mo na cuin 4ac yu nani:imou rpoa(
ciuou cnopy(ou u Yupani) i . (. Icianciuy co:nuu, mo
cnuo:i:yua:a upa4cny auonoiu, ncoxi(no y:o :nnmnn.
Ho u uu:uu coou I:yxiu y XVIII c.? Hc y:a qopcuu,
mo cou:a na uncouoy {(o 2u ) :iuoy cpc:i pi4un Ecani
{Ycani). uopcuu a:a pa. Inuciuy, Vocuouciuy, Hyn
u:iciuy, Bi:oni:iciuy i Vnxan:iuciuy. Io:n nic:u Hcpcuc:auciuo
yro(n ocuouciui 4nnounnun onncyua:n ica Yupann, uonn :a
nnca:n. ...a ropo( I:yxou con cu pc4un Ycann na ocpo
uy... Ta 4acnna n:ao, na uuin y:o :y(ouano yupin:cnnu,
ui((i:u:acu uc:nun pouo : :axo(y, a : niuno4i npoiuau cpyou
Hcc4, ao Ho4nnou {:apa: uin uncox). 3 ycix ouiu I:yxiuciunn
narop 4y(ouo un(no. B ccpc(nni XVIII c. u ucnpi ica y:o
:y(ouano uon:cuc cnopy(, mo ca:n un:na4nnn :pa:uan ap
xicuypn.
Y 167u poui u(oua Vapua Inapn Araqiu :acnyua:a u uo
:nmnioy (uopi Hico4nnciuoro (iuo4nn CnacoHpcopaucnciunn
onacnp {noi uin cau Ycncnciun). Buauacicu, mo onacnp
unnnu nauuo:o paciuo orn:n ocuouciunx cpi:iuiu, :annx
1
Hpoenn qop+qeauu /cnopnnonq:onqpuoo sanoe/0unna q +. I:qaoe/ Cq+conoi o
:acn/. Ha npaeaa pqnonncq. E., I002. C. 2.
10
y I:yxoui. Ha no4auy XVIII c. noro ouc:n ucr:unn ypo :
napiunnn ucuan a na(panou ooponnou (:uinnnucu. Hc
yu ncpmnn u apxicuypi uo:auiuoro ui(po(ucnnu anca:i oo
ponnouy:iouoro npn:na4cnnu, cnopy(ucnnn :a c(nnn :a(yo.
16S6 pouy uomo I. Caon:oun4a, a noi I. Va:cnn u ona
cnpi :uo(nicu uc:nunn Ycncnciunn coop, mo yu o(nn : ncp
mnx :pa:uiu uc:nunx onacnpciunx xpaiu, npoiunou :anuou
po:unuy (uox apxicuypnnx nniu. n`un(i:innx n`unucpxnx i
pnucpxnx xpaiu. Ha ua:i, uin nc :cpircu. 17u8 pouy ocuou
ciunn cuumcnnu Hoan yu`unou an(pyuau (o Cuuo 3c:i. H(y
4n : Vocuun na Hynu:i, I:yxiu, Inu i (a:i na niu(cnnnn :axi(,
uin cnoccpirau yupanciuc unu i, noucpnyumnci (o(oy, unpi
mnu :anncan noa4cnc. Bin :ra(yc ica, uunn no(opouyuau.
Iopo( I:yxou :c:unon, opy (youin, uc:in upcnou, a u
nc unc:cn oraix noro, nanou, n cpocnnu u nc no:uounnua
Vnu:amcucuoro :c:o xopomn, payma :c:o xopoma n pu(ou {op
rouix. P. P.) noro, (cun4nn onacipi npc(nucn :c:o, co
opnau ucpuoui xopoma o4cni, :c:o :nxoani xox:i :acn:nui
u xoponoy cpocnnu, u a:opoccnncunx ropo(ax (pyroua upu(
auoua ropo(a cicuai. :y4mc Incua cpocnnc n unnc...
1
Oupacou ica c :uc(cnnn na Coopnin n:omi Vnuo:auciunn
xpa. Ha :aou:cnnu r:yxiuciuoro connua uc(opoun4a y 16u8
poui ucn xpa noy(yuau :o(4nn Vauin Cqnou. Hc y:a (o
17S4 pouy ro:ouna (cpuaunouy:ioua cnopy(a Yupann. i:u nc
ui(yua:ncu uo:auiui pa(n, y onpa:n 4n npou:nna:n rcianiu,
y uiuapi xpay :cpira:n rcianciui u:cnno(n a uapciui rpa
on. Bpnra(a V. Cqnoua noy(yua:a o(no4acno pa(cnnc Vn
xan:a Vnu:amcucuoro, no:uounnua capo(ycuoro, Vnxan:iuciunn
xpa
2
.
Cac Vnuo:auciunn xpa, ayi, nani:imc nou`u:annn :
ocoou Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. Vanuc npn ucix r:yxiuciunx
ucpuuax y:n cuo cniuauiui muo:n Vnxan:iuciuin, Tpoui
uin, Houpouciuin, Anacaciuciuin, Bapuapiuciuin, Vonacnpci
uin, a:c cac npn Vnuo:auciuoy xpai npoxo(n:n cniuauiuy
npaunuy x:on4nun ncpc( n, uu x ui(npau:u:n (o uopy.
1
Pe:epconn P. I:qa/econa cnapoenua , Ha+`nnn Vnpaiun: /cnop/ na nq:onqpa.
I001. J-. C. 0.
2
Hpoenn qop+qeauu /cnopnnonq:onqpuoo sanoe/0unna q +. I:qaoe/. C. I1.
11
Ouc, nouipno, mo Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn cniuau na upn:aci
Vnuo:auciuoro xpay.
Vanuc ucc XVIII c. na Coopnin n:omi pnua:o y(iunnuuo
ua`unoro Tpouiuoro coopy. Icpyuau uicu pooou On(pin Iua
cou, mo o4o:nu cponc:inyu +ucnc(nunu o cpocnnn ropo(ou
I:yxoua n Baypnna. Hi( noro ucpiunnuuo y:o :(incncno y
(iuc:ini poon u I:yxoui nic:u noucui 174S p.
3cpcr:ncu n:ann I:yxoua 1724 i 1746 pouiu. By:nuu Vo
coua ncpcnna:a iciunn ucnp : :axo(y na cxi(, ui( Inuciunx
(o Vocuouciunx uopi qopcui. B ucnpi uc:nua Pa(na {Coopna)
n:oma y:a oo4cna xpaan, na nc unxo(n:a payma, oproui
pu(n, y(nnun ycanou Icncpa:inoro ypu(y i rcianciuo pc:n
(cnui. Iuapa:n a:n qopy, :n:iuy (o npuouyno. Hiu(cn
nocxi(ny 4acnny qopcui :anau rcianciunn (uip : ucpuuou
Anacaci {po:ipana u uinui XIX c. nic:u noy(oun Tcpcmcnuo
cy4acnoro Tpnanacacicuciuoro xpay). Cnopy(n ucix ycanou rc
ncpa:inoro ypu(y i rcianciuo pc:n(cnui y:n (cpcu`unnn, n
nouo yupanciunn xaan na (ui no:ounnn : uncounn (axan,
upnnn rono.
B cuax qopcui y:n (uopn rcncpa:ino cuapouo uan
uc:upi, paxynuouo uoici, ca(nn npc(caunnuiu a(inicpaui.
Incncnuno :ay(ouyuicu ncpc(icu {c:oo(n, ao qopma(
n) Bcpnrinc, Cnnuuua, Bi:ono:iuua, Yciuua, Ipacna Iopua
a Houa Ipc:u. 3`uu:uuicu noui xpan. Pi:(ua Boropo(nui
na Bcpnrinoy, Cuuo(yxiuciunn na Bi:oni:iuui, Houpouciunn
na Yciuui. Ha Ipacnin Iipui cnopy(uycicu yupin:cnc uinciuouc
icc4uo Apn:cpinciunn (uip. Hanaununimc ocuoucicu Bc
pnrinc. Ta y(yui Viniccpciunn (i (:u ocuouciunx oqi
ucpiu, 4nnounnuiu, capy 1my Va:opocinciuy uo:criu, ni:nimc
na:auoui anca:i Inpn:a Po:youciuoro, qc:i(apma:a
H. Py`unucua3a(ynanciuoro.
Y (pyrin no:ounni XVIII c. u I:yxoui y(yui ui:iua un:
na4nnx o`cuiu. Hcpc(yci uc npnimcnnu 2o Va:opocinciuo
uo:cri u ucnpi ica no:n:y Vocuouciunx uopi. Hcnpa:ina
4acnna y(nnuy canoun:a 18u cpiu, a (ui i4ni u (ouunny
4u , a :aumnpmun 1 uouna. Tpnnoucpxoua cnopy(a na
paxouyua:a 2u uina. Onncau a:opocinciuy uo:criu Hanc:cn
on Iy:im. Ha( r:younn nnman, u uoopix 4nnno pacca
u:cni i:n orponic Vnncpui, ucn(i, Vapci, (pcunnc opa
12
opi n qn:ocoqi u cocc(cuc c rcianan u (:nnnix uynanax
n mnpounx ropnocacuix annux, upacoua:nci u pa:noopa:nix
rpynnax a:opoccnncunc uoncuouic u:cnno(i, ncpccmannic c
uynn(onouin :yuan n uo:4anan... B (pyrnx ccax (pcunnc
c4n c nn4icn ro:ouon na pyuoun, (:nnnic ymuci n ocuic
ua:cni ua:a4in u :aupax cou:n pu(o c rpc4ccuon apqon, i
4icn ro:ouon n pc:yuc Hcnyna, :auuc4cnnic n npcunic cn
:on uucou, cpc(n uoopix yupanncunn no(co:nyx i: na ncpuo
ccc. 3nacna, yn4yun, ca:n, pncunc m:ci, ua:auunc man
un, :ai.., yiuannic mnnan y:aui, nnui, no:yccuu n :uc
:(i... ucn4a:n uannc:n uo:onn n nn:ucp, oupyua:n ouna, un
cc:n qcconan, n:c:nci u rnp:un(ax, no::a:n no uapnn:y n no(
uapnn:o. ua :anopouua c (:nnnin 4yan {na r:auno qpon
onc) (cpua:n orponin mn, na uoopo i: rcp Yupanni
ua:au co ucc opyunc n u :a:o:cnnon naou manuc. Bcc +o
i:o pacno:oucno c aun uuyco, c auon ncoun(annon cc
:ociu n (nuou nccpoou, 4o nc xo4ccu ucpni, 4oi 4iuo
ro:oua py(n:aci na( copnpouuon +nx +:ccnou.
Ioman oaana rcncpa:ino apan Io:orpnuoro y(ycicu
CnacoHpcopaucnciunn xpa, apxicuypa uuoro npo(ouuyc pa
(nuiu un(anoro yupanciuoro apxicuopa Ipnropoun4aBapciuoro.
Y 174u poui :a naua:o ui(ooro qopnqiuaopa inucncpa c
ocuca incp Hayou ui(nou:uc (cpcu`uni qopc4ni pan, a u
1764-176u pp. O. Iuacou y(yc ua`uni Inuciuy i Vocuouciuy
pan. Hic:u :nnmcnnu I:yxiuciuo qopcui (o Inuciuo pan
: ouiu y:n npny(ouani uop(crap(i.
B i 4acn :an(maq I:yxoua :a:nau :na4nnx :in. Ha Ecani
nanpon qopcui :y(yua:n rpc:u : uo(unnn :nnan, upyno
pymuan i cyunoua:inun. Bcpc: c ncpc( qopcucu yuopnucu
uc:nunn cau Bcpnc4a Ipc:u {:nnn na uin rpc:i I. Va:cna
ui((au y u:acnici Ycncnciuoy (iuo4oy onacnpu, a(uc iryc
ncu uioro onacnpu uuaua:acu an rciana Vopona).
Bcci4na po:y(oua I:yxoua uu rcianciuo co:nui npouro
XVIII c. u 177ui poun icono :inuc o:n44u ica, uuc nc
pcuopucicu na :na4nnn cuponcnciunn ucnp. Vnnau 4ac. Y uui
ni 1S4 pouy I:yxiu ui(ui(au Tapac Hcu4cnuo. Cuo upaucnnu
ui( ica uin ui(opa:nu y nouici Iannanma. Horo(a {4o
uccia pc(uo c:y4accu u +o upcu ro(a) cou:a xopomau, y:nui
i:n no4n cyxn, n u nomc: m:uicu no ropo(y, oicunuau o
13
cco, r(c cou:a :nacnnau Va:opoccnncuau uo::crnu n r(c
cou: (uopcu Cuopona(cuoro.
Ho r(c uc +a n:oma(i? I(c +o (uopcu? I(c uo::crnu co
cuon upououa(ni 4y(ounmc annou uanuc:upncu? I(c ucc
+o? H c:c(y nc oca:oci! A uc(i au nc(auno! Tau cucuo! Co
:c uaunxnny(i c:iuny:o, n I:yxou n: pc:n(cnunn a:opoc
cnncuoro rciana c(c:a:cu cai nom:i yc:(ni ropo(o.

P. Lc:amoe
IETLMAHCLKA CTOHHHH IHVXIB
KVHLTVPHHH HEHTP VKPAHH XVIII CT.
Auononnn ycpin Icianmnnn :ac:nc4yuau ncunnn :axnc
yupanciuo uy:iypn, uua u uinui XVII na no4auy XVIII c.
(ocur:a uncouoro piunu cuoro po:unuy. 3a 4aciu I. Va:cnn,
I. Cuopona(ciuoro, . Anoco:a i I. Po:youciuoro Icianmnna
ca:a cnpauuni uy:iypnonccuiun uornnmc, nc nocynau
4nci icuc ncpc( ocui4cnou Cuponou.
Icianciua co:nuu I:yxiu : 17uS pouy ncpcuopn:aci na
uy:iypnnn ucnp Yupann. Ha ui(iny ui( couia:ino i:im cpo
uaoro Incua, I:yxiu npc(cau:uu Yupany cuiciuy, apncoupan
4ny. Bc:nunn unccou y qopyuannu yupanciuo c:in :pon:a
Icncpa:ina uinciuoua uanuc:upiu, u uuin no4nna:n cuou (cpuauny
(iu:inici (in yupanciuo capmnnn a inmnx npnui:cnouannx
ucpcu nacc:cnnu. nu npaun:o, uonn :auin4yua:n IncuoVorn:un
ciuy aua(ciu, a noi c:yun:n u no:uounx uanuc:upiux, (:u
ni(roouun uunx y ici y:o cuopcno cncuia:innn uanuc:upciunn
uypini. Ha (yuy cy4acnoro icopnua O. Hpiuaua, uinciuoui
uanuc:upi, uui nocinno npauuua:n : icopn4nnn (ouycnan,
14
po:yi:n, mo cy4acna unuciua (yxouna c:ia {IncuoVorn:unciua
aua(ciu, IncuoHc4cpciua :aupa) :na4no ui(caua:a ui( oro4a
cnoro no:in4noro n cuonoi4noro unu,nc a4a4n noro nounx
pca:in. Tau ucn can cau nocic icopn4no na`ui cuoro napo(y
i nopo(nu qcnocn uo:auiuo icopiorpaqi {:ionncn Ipa`unun,
Bc:n4ua a inmi), pca:i:yuaumn nopcy y cuopcnni cuiciuo
icopi Yupann.
Y Icncpa:inin uinciuouin uanuc:upi, mo y:a nponuarou
ocuouciuin a(inicpaui, qopyua:acu nauiona:ino(cpuaunnuiua
i(co:oriu yupanciuo capmnnn. By:o ncpcocnc:cno arao co
pinou yupanciuo icopi ui( (ocni :onu:inoro iapiyma Vn
uo:n Xancnua (o ui(upno nc:a:cuno Po:oun Bc:nuopoci :
Va:opocicu Cccna iuoun4a.
Onyu npauocpcunoro rciana V. Xancnua {166u-1674),
rcncpa:innn uanuc:upnc, noi rcncpa:innn xopynunn Vnuo:a
Xancnuo {16u1-176u) nanncau (ua ui(onx mo(cnnnun. iapiym,
ao ypna: {:anncn ncpmo no:ounnn 1722 pouy) i Ho(cnnnu
rcncpa:inoro xopynuoro Vnuo:n Xancnua {1727-1781, 1742-
178). Hcpcpua u nanncanni mo(cnnnuiu noucnucicu n, mo
pa:o : naua:nn rciano H. Ho:youo {1722-1724) i 4:c
nan yupanciuo (c:craui V. Xancnuo yu yu`u:ncnnn u Hcpo
nau:iuciuin qopcui i 4cpc: 4onpn poun ui(npau:cnnn (o I:yxoua.
iapiym, ao ypna: uc c:uinnc icopn4nc (ucpc:o, :
uuoro n (i:nacocu npo unu Icianmnnn. Horo cau:ui u
o(nn pu( : aunn uopan, uu Hacpnu Hc4cpciunn, I:a
par(, I:opnnu Cuuoc:aua i ui(oi uo:auiui :ionncn, uui :a
:nmn:ncu (ouycno ic cnoxn, uo:n yupanciunn napo( unu
nani:im nounouinnn i cui(on nauiona:inn unu.
Icncpa:ini uanuc:upncn Hn:nn Bop:auiuciunn a Hau:o a
(nnciunn npo(ouun:n iapiym V. Xancnua. Copinun uypna:y
oxon:uui (pyry no:ounny 1722-1728 poun i ui(uopuui ucci
(paan: opoin yupanciuoro ypu(y na 4o:i : naua:nn rci
ano H. Ho:youo :a uo:auiui npaua i uo:inoci : 1ou Va
:opocinciuou uo:cricu, noua:yui (iu:inici unmoro ypu(ouoro
oprany Icncpa:ino uinciuouo uanuc:upi u youax nocinnoro
ncuy : ouy Poci.
Icncpa:innn ni(cuapin n. A. Vapuoun4 {16u6-177u) po:
no4au 1uonnn Ho(cnnnuxponiuy, uunn cau nanuiuauimn ic
opnuocyapnn (ouycno oro 4acy. Bin no4nnaucu onnco
15
no(in 16u2-171 pp., cu:a(cnn noro ccc Ho:youo. Xpo
no:ori4no uin oxon:uc u pouiu, i u nioy uuc ui(4yuacicu
(yxouna pynnauiu yupancua, cnpn4nncna pocinciun cao(cpuau
cuo u ncpmin 4ucpi XVIII c., uo:n uo:auiua ucpxiuua ypy
ua:aci uuc nc npo Bi4n:ny cuou, a npo acnoci, rpomi i
u:acnc :arono:y44u.
Hcpcu:a(a4c rcncpa:ino uinciuouo uanuc:upi yu yupan
ciunn nncicnnnu i noc Cccn iuoun4. Bnuopncaumn acpia:n
uo:auiunx xponiu i :ionnciu, uin nanncau uipmouannn (ia:or
Pa:rouop Bc:nuopoccin : Va:opoccicn, u uuoy (ouo(nu ui:uo
uno piuni npaua oox napo(iu na caoun:na4cnnu. Bcpc: ucci
(ia:or npoxo(ni i(cu nauiona:ino in(nui(ya:inoci Yupann, ui
:cna y uncouoy nonui Bi4n:na, (yua npo c, mo Yupana
i Pociu aui uouna cuou, oupcy icopiu. Ho(ina icopiocoqiu
y:a xapaucpna (:u ucix ocui4cnnx ucpcu Yupann, mo unuun:oci
y unn:i Icopiu Pyciu a inmnx nnccnnx (ucpc:ax.
Cuocpi(nn po:unuo aunx pa(nuin ca:a qi:ocoqiu yu
panciuoro npocuinc:u(coupaa n. H. Io:c:iciuoro {172S-
17S4), uunn : 177u no 177S pp. oinau noca(y 4:cna Va:opo
cinciuo uo:cri. Hanupamn no:in4nn ycpoc uin uuauau pcc
ny:iuanciunn : un:nannu npnuano u:acnoci. n. Io:c:iciunn
ocouuau upn(n4nnn cuior:u( na nponuary co:ori4noy, un
:nauau npnpo(nc npauo i cuuici npnpo(ucnnx npau :u(nnn.
o ocnounnx uopiu qi:ocoqa na:cuai Apnqcn4ni npono:nui
{1764), Vcxani4ni npono:nui {176), ui:ocoqciui npono:n
ui {176S), Vipuyuannu (uox in(inuiu Ia:ana i Iparia npo
:u(ciuc ni:nannu {17SS). B nnx uin pi:uo uncynau npon 4y
uoro (yxoui yupanciuo naui pocinciuoro ocui4cnoro aco:un
:y, npon qop qco(a:inoro rno:cnnu, un:nau4n opa:inc
npauo na nocy :a :ano(iunc napo(oui ::o. Y r:yxiuciuin ncpio(
unu n. Io:c:iciunn ncpcu:au pu( cacn : Enunu:onc(i i
(po, un(aumn x y (uox 4acnnax.
3 I:yxouo XVIII c. nou`u:anc auou i`u yupanciuoro
nncicnnnua n icopnua, npc(caunnua icopiorpaqi yupanciuo
(cpuaunoci u. B. Tyanciuoro. Cnn rcncpa:inoro cy((i
B. I. Tyanciuoro, uunn npauuuau y I:yxoui 4:cno 2o Va
:opocinciuo uo:cri, 4:cnuopccnon(cn Pocinciuo Aua(ci nayu,
u. B. Tyanciunn pc(aryuau uypna: Pocinciunn ara:nn
{Cn., 17u2-17u4), u uuoy ny:iuyua:ncu cai : icopi Yu
16
pann. H:cinnnu rcncpa:inoro cy((i B. I. Tyanciuoro 4:cn
uopccnon(cn CHccpyp:iuo aua(ci nayu u. H. Tyanciunn
naaraucu ui(upnn y I:yxoui qi:ia: Aua(ci : cou aununoro
cnpnunnu po:unuoui mui:ino cnpaun u Yupani, a:c uc cyncpc
4n:o n:ana uapciuoro ypu(y. Y 17S1 poui noy u(a:ocu :acny
uan y I:yxoui unnuuouy opriu:u. Innrapnu u ici y:a c(nnou
na iuocpcuui, u nin ccpc( inmnx unnr npo(aua:nci unnrn,
un(ani Pocinciuou aua(cicu nayu i Vocuouciun yniucpcnco.
Y na:aro(ucnni unnuuouo opriu:i u I:yxoui uau:nuy po:i ui
(irpau ui(onn un(aucui i npocuinc:i V. I. Hounuou. Y 17uu
poui y y:o ui(upno ncpmy iciuy i:iocuy.
upanuy:iuy Enunu:onc(iu ncpcu:a(au auou 4:cn Va:o
pocinciuo uo:cri, pa rcncpa:inoro cy((i B. I. Tyanciuoro
yupanciunn npocuinc:i I. I. Tyanciunn. Bn(annn yupanci
unn npauo:naucui, yn4yuounn ouapnm uc(ip Bynucun4 y 17u
poui nanncau nayuouy npauu Cy( i po:npaua u npauax a:opo
cinciunx, npncuunumn rcianoui Inpn:y Po:youciuoy.
Hpc(caunumn u nin :ara:iny uonucnuiu yupanciuoro npauo:nau
cua, uin ocouuau (yuy npo cuopcnnu u Icianmnni cy(iu
na :aca(ax nouciuoro cayy, uu npo uc nm:ocu mc u caux
B. Xc:innuiuoro.
3 178 no 177 pp. y I:yxoui ncpcu:a(a4c Icncpa:ino
uinciuouo uanuc:upi npauuuau yupanciunn icopnu H. I. Cno
nouciunn, auop npaui Iopounn onnc npo uo:auiunn a:opo
cinciunn napo( i npo uinciuoui noro cnpaun, npncuu4cnnn icopi
Yupann :i capo(aunix 4aciu (o 17u pouy {ui(nou:cnnu rcian
cua). Hcpcu:a(a4c y rciana I. Po:youciuoro : 176u pouy
yu yupanciunn nncicnnnu O.I.onccun4, uunn mc (o I.H.Io
:upcuciuoro onpauuuau yupanciuou ouou y yp:ccunopaucc
innoy cn:i Bcpri:icui cu:orn i ncpcc:au x I.Ionnciuoy. Ha
ua:i, ucn 4y(ounn uip nc :cpircu. Icopnu i :naucui capoun
noccn I.P.Vapoc, uunn napo(nucu y I:yxoui, npauuuau ccupc
apc y I. Po:youciuoro. Hic:u ccpi uo:nmnioro rciana
{1Su8) oinau uncoui noca(n. Bnnmoumn u 1S18 poui y ui(ca
uuy, uin unpo(ouu (ccun pouiu :npau i unu4au pyuonncni n
(pyuouani unnrn u IncuoHc4cpciuin :aupi a inmnx unuciunx
onacnpux. 3 noro npaui ony:iuouano i:iun oc:i(ucnnu an
noro y(yuannu, npo uuc onoui(o:uc :ionnc Hccopa.
I:yxiuciunn nancion :auin4nu yupanciunn icopnu n. V.
11
Vapuoun4 {1776-1Su4), auop c(nno unnrn 3anncun npo Va
:opociu, unc:iu i unponnuuo, un(ano y CHccpyp:i u
17uS poui. Cnouncna napion4noro cny:ia:y, uu unnra :ano4a
uyua:a pu( un(ani, npncuu4cnnx yupanciuin icopi na no4auy
XIX c. Icopnun O.a:apcuciunn i .opomcnuo (a:n n uncouy
ouinuy.
Y I:yxoui napo(nucu ui(onn yupanciunn (ncn(cn, ncpcu
:a(a4 Ioici ino:cnnx cnpau y CHccpyp:i I.I.Cpi:cuciunn.
Bin yu auopo nanncanoro y 17u poui ci:nuoro, :c(i nc
ncpmoro nc:cra:inoro :nca 3a ui4n:ny nocpn npncno, a(
pccouanoro Iacpnni II. 3a noro ncpcuonannu, pocinciua inc
papnuu :ac:yrouyua:a na :nnmcnnu :a :arnc:i uo:inoci u
ui4n:ni, mo inmi cuponcnciui rocy(api a:n uc:nunn cpax.
Baroou y:a po:i I:yxoua u po:unuy y:n4no uy:iypn
Yupann a Poci. Io:n unnnu:a nopca y cncuia:inoy y4ouoy
:au:a(i cniuauiuoy:n4noro npoqi:u, o noro y:o cuopcno cac
u I:yxoui, xo4a upami youn (:u uioro y:n y Incui, Bcpniroui
ao Hcpcuc:aui, (c u Aua(ci i uo:criyax unu:a(a:nci y:n4ni
(ncunn:inn. Cac u I:yxoui nanupamc y:o nocau:cno pa(nuinnc
nau4annu cniuy u ucpuounnx muo:ax npn Vnuo:auciuin, Anaca
ciuciuin, Bapuapnnciuin ucpuuax i Tpouiuoy coopi. Ty nau
4a:ncu I.Ian(nin {cniuau y xopi Iacpnnn Ioanniunn u 172S-
1781 pp.), I.Pyanouciunn {c:yunu y Hpn(uopnoy xopi (o 178u
p.). Y (ouycnax Hccpyp:iuo npn(uopno cniuauiuo uanc:n
i`u ocannioro qirypyc nopu( : icnan uuc ui(onx na on
4ac qaxiuuiu I. uncua, u. Bomuoua, H. Bnucuciuoro,
u. Io4cnouciuoro. Hc (aua:o :ory (opc oprani:ouyuan naip
a nau4annu cniuauiu, uunx :ro(o ui(npau:u:n (o Vocuun i
C.Hccpypra. I uccaun (:u ui:uounoro :a(ouo:cnnu nopc
uapciuo uanc:n aunx qaxiuuiu y:o nc(ocanio.
3a apxiunnn (ouycnan, onpauiouannn (oc:i(nnuo
B. Iuanoun, y 172u poui rcian . Anoco: :ucpnyucu (o Io
:cri ino:cnnx cnpau y C.Hccpyp:i : npoxannu npouccn no
ucix no:uax cncuia:innn naip (opoc:nx i x:on4nuiu (:u cncc
an4noro nau4annu y I:yxoui : no(a:imn ui(pu(ucnnu x :a
npn:na4cnnu. :u y4niu y:o ni(roou:cno un:ounn y(nnou
{niu4nn na:au), un(i:cni icucui u4nc:i cniuiu na 4o:i : r:y
xiuciun ypicpo i :nauuc cniuauiuoro nccuua H. B. Ho
:ynini. Bcpc: rcncpa:inoro oo:noro n. n:orya rcian ccunu
18
:a :ac:nc4cnnu acpia:innx nopc y4niu. nu cui(4ai (ouy
cnn Icncpa:ino uinciuouo uanuc:upi, ucn cucncpncn :aucp
mnucu u(a:o, i u ci4ni 178u pouy o(nna(uui :(innx cniuauiu y
cynpouo(i uo:aua n. oyca y:n ui(npau:cni (o Vocuun.
:u oqiuinnoro :aucp(ucnnu cayy muo:n . Anoco: na
nncau y :nnni 178u pouy rcianciui :ncn, uui uyp`cpo y:o
npnuc:cno (o Vocuun. 24 4cpunu 178u pouy Icncpa:ina uinciuoua
uanuc:upiu opna:a Yua: : Io:cri ino:cnnx cnpau, mo y
I:yxoui :acnyuan muo:y i un(i:nn ancpiu, u uopin nau4an
cniuiu (:u ui(npauun (o (uopy Incpaopciuo uc:n4noci.
Bcpyua:innua y:nuaniu a cniuauiu (aua:acu aua nac
anoua. Ha Yupani i u a:opocinciunx icax... o:o(nx x:onuiu
(opc nanpan i no ui(opi onnx niu4nx nc ui(nycuan. Bi(o(i
unxouanui muo:n nocinno nonounuua:n Hpn(uopnnn xop. Y 1786
poui (o muo:n y:o ui(npau:cno (ocui(4cnoro pcrcna i u4nc:u
u. u. nuopiuciuoro, uunn (opc :nau copiu i npaunuy ara
oro:ocnoro cniuy. 3 178S pouy (:u muo:n y(yuicu (ua npn
imcnnu, ncuapnu a (a:inu. Hioro u pouy, upi xopounx :anui
: pcrcno, unxouanuiu no4a:n nau4an ...na cupnnnui, na ryc:ux
i an(ypi, mo ui:n uonn na onnx incpycnax : no rpan, i
uopi cniuy i cpynnin y:nui nau4cni y(yi, i: nnx... upamnx
nocn:an (o uopy... 4o:ouiu no 1u, a na x icuc :nouy nan
pan... 3a naua:o npaunc:u Va:opoci O. Py`unucua (o
nau4a:inoro n:any muo:n uuc:n mc n anui. Taun 4nno, muo:a
nay:a ncuno npoqcciona:i:aui, uu nau4a:ina cy(iu, (c, upi
cniuiu, unu4a:n y:nuy i xopcorpaqiu. 3a xapaucpo y:n4no
nc(arori4no (iu:inoci uona na:nua:aci (o muo:n nccuu.
Hopi4no no ucix no:uax ui(npa:ncu (ua(uui a:o:inix i
(opoc:nx y4niu, uui unpo(ouu o(noro(uox pouiu nau4a:ncu u muo
:i, (c :acuouua:n unuciunn i napccnnn cniu, nony rpaoy,
rpy na y:n4nnx incpycnax, cniu y 4onpnro:ocnoy xopi.
Ha unu:a(a4iu cu:a(aucu : (ocui(4cnoro pcrcna i (uox y:n
4nnx nc(aroriu : 4nc:a yupanuiuino:cuiu. Y4ni cniua:n u xopi
Vnuo:auciuo ucpuun, oou`u:uouo ui(ui(yua:n xopoui uonucpn,
cncuau:i a inmi uncaun, uui (aua:ncu u pc:n(cnui rcianiu.
Y ui poun y I:yxiuciuin y:n4nocniuauiuin muo:i unu:a(a:n
ui(oi nc(arorn I. Io4cnouciunn {174), C. An(picuciunn
{17S), u. Hc4an {uincui ux pp.) a inmi, icna uunx nc
:cpcr:ncu u (ouycnax. Bnnycunnun muo:n ycnimno :acocouy
19
ua:n nayi :nannu, npauuua:n y npoqccinnoy uop4oy uo:cu
nui u C.Hccpyp:i. Ccpc( nnx aui ui(oi cniuaun, uu B. Ipn
rop`cu, mo c:yunu y Hpn(uopnin uanc:i (o 1741 pouy, a I. uc
(opou, uuoro y:o :apaxouano (o Hpn(uopnoro xopy u 1746 poui,
A. Bacn:icu, I. ann:ou, R. Ipn4cuciunn, H. Pycauoun4,
u. Hcpou a inmi.
3a (cuunn (annn u muo:i nau4a:ncu ui(onn (iu4 yupa
nciuo uy:iypn, an(ypnc I. uncou i anynin :nacnnnn
yupanciunn qi:ocoq i noc I. C. Cuouopo(a, Bpn:cuciunn i Ho
unuiunn, uui :auin4n:n muo:y u 1782 poui, c:yun:n u pocinciuin
(nn:oan4nin ici u Hoc(ai.
Y I:yxoui napo(nucu n opnau y:n4ny no4auouy ocuiy
ui(onn yupanciunn uono:nop V. C. Bcpc:ouciunn {174-
1777). 3(inoro x:on4nua, uunn au rapnnn ro:oc i 4y(ouo rpau
na cupnnui, npnnnu:n (o I:yxiuciuo y:n4nocniuauiuo muo:n.
Vy:n4ny i :ara:iny ocuiy unau npo(ouunu y IncuoVorn:unciuin
aua(ci, (c n no4au nncan y:nuy.
Y pnna(uui pouiu uin yu ui(pu(ucnnn (o C.Hccpypra
i :apaxouannn (o may y:nuaniu nacynnnua npcco:y Hcpa
uc(opoun4a. Ta uin no4au opnyuan ypoun : uono:nui y
B. Honnica i : uoua:y u ia:inciuoro nc(arora Hynuiani. Buc
u uinui uxna no4auy 6ux pouiu uin unuonyuau ui(noui(a:ini
napi u oncpax u. Apan i B. Vanqpc(ini. Hic:u (uipucuoro nc
pcuopoy 1762 pouy Bcpc:ouciunn yu ncpcuc(cnnn incpapnucu
Iacpnnou II u ia:inciuy pyny. Bncynau4n u oncpnnx uncauax
i: co:innn napiun, uin cniuau auou y Hpn(uopnoy xopi.
Y pauni 176 pouy V. Bcpc:ouciunn yu ui(npau:cnnn (:u
u(ocuona:cnnu npoqccinno anccpnoci (o Ia:i, (c nau4aucu u
Bo:onciuin aua(ci y nc(arora i copcnua na(pc u. Vapini.
1 paunu 1771 pouy pa:o : 4cciun uono:nopo H. Vnc:n
uc4cuo uin ycnimno unpnau cu:acn i yu npnnnunn (o uic
aua(ci. Ha :aou:cnnu (:u iuopno y 1778 poui uin nanncau
oncpy coqon, uncaua uuo nponm:a :ncuy4c. Bcpc:ouci
uoro onpaui 4:cno ui:iuox aua(cin, i`u uono:nopa Bo
:onciua aua(ciu :anncyc :o:onn :icpan na apypouin (omui
nopu( : i`u A. Vouapa.
Houcpnyumnci y 1774 poui (o C.Hccpypra V. Bcpc:ouciunn
npauuuau y xopouin uanc:i pu(oun c:yuouuc, nncau (yxouni
uopn. Ccpc( nnx Iocno(i uouapncu, mo c nani:im panni
20
:pa:uo xopouoro unu:y, i Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capoci,
uunn cau uy:iinauicu uop4oci uono:nopa.
V. Bcpc:ouciuoy oiuu:n na(an icuc (npcuopa u an
ynin Ipccn4yuiuin y:n4nin aua(ci, a:c ucn :a(y npn uni
uono:nopa :a:nmnucu nc :(incncnn. Hc unpnaumn inpnr i
:ncuarn (o cuoro a:any, uono:nop y cpc:ni 1777 pouy cuin4nu
unu caorycuo.
Bn:nu araorpannoro a:any uono:nopa npoccuycicu y
uop4oci inmoro ui(ooro (iu4a ui4n:nuno y:n4no uy:iypn,
auou ypo(ucnuu I:yxoua npa Bopnunciuoro {171-
1S2).
By(nnou npouoro aiua :naxo(nucu y ucnpi ica, no
:n:y Vnuo:auciuo ucpuun i Tpouiuoro coopy. Ho4auouy y
:n4ny ocuiy anynin uono:nop opnau y I:yxiuciuin y:n
4nocniuauiuin muo:i. 3a ycnixn u nau4anni u 17S poui yu
ui(pu(ucnnn (o Hpn(uopno uanc:n. Tau no4a:acu :ncuy4a ua
p`cpa npa Bopnunciuoro, :ro(o un(anoro uono:nopa, au
opa pu(y oncp, uonucpnnx yucpup, cnqonin, cona, (yxouno
y:nun. Hocp uin y :cnii c:aun u 1S2 poui u C.Hccpyp:i.
C(nnnn na`unnu noy :naxo(nicu u HiuHopuy, u coopi Cuu
oro Ioanna, (c ucanou:cni cuy:inypni :opaucnnu (uana(uun
uono:nopiu, :acnounnuiu (yxouno y:nun u upanax Cuponn.
Bapc:icqnc :opaucnnu Bopnunciuoro ouna :nann ccpc( un
(annx oci na na`unnuy 1uuu:iu Pyci u Houropo(i.
Y XVIII c. I:yxiu cau capa:inou co:nucu Yupann.
7 uuinu 178u pouy u y(nnuy H.Vnu:amcuciuoro ui(y:acu ncp
ma capa:ina uncaua ncpmoro yupanciuoro aaopciuoro capy.
3a rciana I. Po:youciuoro u Yupani :`uu:ucicu npoqccinnnn
cap :axi(noro raynuy. Tcap npauuuau y na:aui rciana, au
xopouy uanc:y, opuccp, a:cny i capa:iny pynn. Ha noro
cucni caun:nci uopn Ecxi:a, Hcucnipa, Vo:icpa, n`ccn pocin
ciunx a yupanciunx auopiu, a:cn Bcncpa n A(onic, A:o
:a a inmi. cuopaui (:u cncuau:u nncau un(annn yupanci
unn xy(ounnu I.A.Ccucnuo. Y i:iocui Po:youciunx napaxo
uyua:oci i:imc 28uu uopiu oncpnocnqoni4no i uacpnoinc
pycna:ino y:nun.
O4o:uua:n xopouy uanc:y capy a:anouni y:nuann
I.R:cqoun4 i A.Pa4nnciunn. 3 uc:nun ycnixo uona uncyna:a
nc i:iun y I:yxoui, a n u inmnx icax. Ty :yna:n ro:ocn
o(apouannx cniuauiu V.Ho:opauiuoro, I.Io:ouni, P.Bor(ano
21
un4a, H.Vap4cnua, I.Vapunnuoun4a, B.Iuanoua, C.Io:upcuciuo
ro, I.Porouciuoro, B.Xap4cnua, o(noro : upamnx cniuauiu 3ano
pi:iuo Ci4i I.Bc:ropo(ciuoro. B opuccpi rpa:n un(ani npc(cau
nnun ia:inciuo muo:n Ccaciun Icnua, Ho:cq Icnyapa, Bin
ucc:au opcnuo. Bi(oi icna n yupanciunx y:nuaniu I::i
Io:ccnn4cuciuoro, Ipnropiu Iopincuciuoro, Ccnana Viuymnnciuoro.
I:yxiuciunn cap ncpcuopnucu na uau:nunn occpc(ou (c
oupan4no capa:ino uy:iypn u Yupani. Bnxouani y a:an
n cuu:n na uc:nunx cucnax araiox upan.
Baraa uy:iypna icopiu I:yxoua nc ocuyua:aci unn ic
nan. Ty napo(n:ncu ncpmnn un(annn icopn4nnn unuonnccui,
nc(aror, (npcuop C.Hccpyp:iuo aua(ci nccuu {iu in
mn, y4cni y:n4nocniuauiuo muo:n) A. H. occnuo {1787-
1778) ui(oi noro upami uopn Bo:o(nnp ncpc( Pornc(ou,
Hpomannu Icuopa : An(poaxou, cnn rciana I. Po:you
ciuoro An(pin {172-1S86), noco: Poci y Bi(ni, (pyr i noupo
unc:i Bcxoucna, ui( uuoro on :anncau 4na:o yupanciunx ni
ccni, cnn rcncpa:inoro nncapu An(piu Bc:opo(iua O:cucan(p
{1747-17uu), uunn cau inicpo :auop(onnnx cnpau, (cpuau
nn uanu:cpo i cui:inmn unu:c, :acnounnuo c:auno:uic
noro :iucu u Hiunni, ui(onn oaniu i qapauo:or I. u. Co
o:cuciunn {1741-1Su7), u4nc:i Vnuo:n Ioro:u i Curcna Ipc
inun u Hiunnciuoy :iuc {rina:iu unmnx nayu) nncicnnnu i
cnorpaq I. Iy:iunnciunn {1Su8-1SS4).
3 I:yxouo icno nou`u:anc i`u na:uoro noopnnua npocuin
ann:a Tyna:a {npo Pocouciunn, 161-17uu). Y :acnoua
noy :a napo(nnn ncpcua:an y XIII c. I:yxiuciuoHcponau
:iuciuoy onacnpi uin cuopnu qyn(acna:iny 4onpnony
npauu BciVinc, ao nic cuunx. 3 un u onacnpc
nou`u:ana (iu:inici inmoro ui(ooro pcunnc:u npocuin i npa
uoc:au`u, y4acnnua i (yxounoro nacaunnua ran(aauiuoro pyxy
na Hpauocpcunin Yupani Vc:ixicc(cua 3na4uonuopciuoro
{1716-1Suu). Ty noro n noxouano. Apxian(pno onacnpu u
176u-1772 pp. yu aun( Hamnnciunn, npoqccop Inuciuo aua
(ci, uunn no:nanonu Cupony : uopan ucoqana Hpouonoun4a.
Houipno, mo (cuunn 4ac y uioy onacnpi ncpcyuau i ui(onn
pyynciunn apxian(pn aacuin.
Y cc:i Ho:omuax I:yxiuciuo coni u 1781 poui napo(nucu
C. Vnc:auciunn, anynin pcuop Inuciuo aua(ci, auop a
nnciuo rpaanun, uua (ournn 4ac uuaua:aci upamn nau4a:i
22
nn nocinnuo : :annciuo oun. Hc(a:cuo ui( I:yxoua, u cc:i
Hyouua {nnni cc:o Cocniuua), napo(nucu A. H. Hau:ouciunn,
auop ncpmo u icopi yupanciuoro ouo:naucua Ipaanun a
:opocinciuoro rouopy {1S1S) i C:ounnua a:opocinciuoro rouo
py {:icpn AB).
Hocn:cnnu uo:oni:aopciuo no:inun uapn:y uc:o (o oca
o4noro :nnmcnnu no:in4no auonoi yupanciuoro uo:auua.
Yua:o ccnay ui( 16 ucpccnu 17S1 pouy u 17S2 poui na iuo
cpcuny Yupany nomnpnucu a(inicpanunocpnopia:innn yc
pin Poci. Ty y:o cuopcno pn naicnnuua Inuciuc, Bcp
niriuciuc i Houropo(Ciucpciuc. I:yxiu ncpccau yn co:nucu,
upanu :na4cnnu uy:iypnoro ucnpy i na npauax :un4annoro
nouiouoro ica uuinmou (o cu:a(y Houropo(Ciucpciuoro naic
nnuua.

P. Tep:eonn
"LIHI HHHMH B HHTTCHHCV
MAKCHMA LEPE3OBCLKOIO
I`u uono:nopar:yxiu4annna Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro nc
i:iun uuapouanc :o:onn :icpan na apypouin (omui Bo
:onciuo {Ia:iu) y:n4no aua(ci, (c uin nau4aucu, a n unncanc
naui4no u icopiu y:n4no uy:iypn namo upann. Hi:uo cnpa
uc(:nuo (cxo : (oc:i(nnuiu :na4cnnu uop4oci Vaucna Bcpc
:ouciuoro (:u yupanciuo y:nun npnpiunuc noro (o :na4cnnu
Ipnropiu Cuouopo(n (:u yupanciuo :icpaypn a qi:ocoqi.
Tpari4no cu:a:acu (o:u r:yxiu4annna. Bn:nannn u Cuponi
y:nuan, nic:u noucpncnnu (o Poci Bcpc:ouciunn nc :nanmou
un:nannu. Bin yu npn:na4cnnn npocn cniuauo (o Hpn(uopno
uanc:n, : uuo cuoro 4acy yu ui(pu(ucnnn (o Ia:i, (c :(oyu
23
:uannu aua(ciua, nanncau pu( 4y(ounx xopounx uonucpiu, oncpy
coqon. 3acy4cnnn, :ncuipcnnn, Bcpc:ouciunn nc unpnau
napyrn, :ncxyuannu noro a:ano i na 82y poui cuin4nu cuoc
unu caorycou. Tau cao pari4no cu:aucu noro uncnnc.
Xo4a npo uono:nopa nnca:n i y XVIII, i y XIX copi44ux, y
po:noui(ux npo nioro i:imc n:yannnn {4aco :crcn(), i:imc
i:nx n:u, aniu o4nnx, unuipcnnx noui(o:cni. Po:r:unco
(cuui : nnx.
Pu( (ucpc: {LaunnmEa+euconn (. C:ouapi (oconau
nix :u(cn Pyccuon :c:n. V., 1S86. C. 127, C:ouapi pyccunx
cuccunx nncac:cn. T. I-II. V., 1S4. C. 8, 4cno:eucnn P.
Incu c (pcuncnmn cro y4n:nmc Aua(cncu. B. II. I., 1S6.
C. 276, (qpoe 3. O4cpu ncopnn y:iun qon ocpa. V.,
1SS4. C. 78.) nc na:nuac (an napo(ucnnu Vaucna Bcpc:ou
ciuoro. nmc piu 174n uua:yui. Pyccunn nrpaqn4c
cunn c:ouapi. Cn., 1uuu. T. II. C. 788, ue+nanu P. Hcopnu
pyccuon oncpi c 1674 no 1uu8 r. Cn., 1uu. H:(. 2c. T. I.
C. 72, Eonepnuconn E. Vy:n4nc unu na Bcpniriumnni u
(pyrin no:ounni XVIII a no4auy XIX co:iu. I., 1u27, ne
:nu u. Vy:iua n a:c u Poccnn XVIII ucua. ., 1u8, Pn
+au I. Vy:iua:inin c:ouapi. Vannu, 1uu. C. 14, Mnaa
:oe M. ua uop4i m:uxn ,, u(nna i cui. 1u6. ` 1u. C. 8.
Hapo(nucu Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn :n:iuo 174 pouy, cucp(
uyc Icopiu y:nun I. Haqqop(a {ncpcu:a( : qpanuy:iuo
C. Boponoua), Cn., 1S8S. Hoi uua:a:n icuui napo(ucnnu
uono:nopa uoucni {ee0ee H. C. Bcpc:oucunn n Bop
nuncunn uau uono:nopi ucpuounoro ncnnu. Cn., 1SS2). Houny
(ay 16 uounu {27 :a noun c.) 174ro y:o uuc(cno u
nayuounn oir aunn (ucpc:an. Jnunu:onc(n4ccunn c:ouapi
Bpouray:a n Jqpona. Cn., 1Su1. T. 6, Jnunu:onc(n4ccunn y
:iua:inin c:ouapi. V., 1uu. C. 24, anuu M. Bocupcmcnnc
n: cpuix. V., 1u64. C. 277. Hn:nn:qn P. Vaucn Bcpc:ou
cunn ,, ninpo. 1u66. ` 2. C. 117, Ee:0um P. Hcn:uccnau
oncpa pyccuoro uono:nopa ,, Cou. Vy:iua. 1u66. ` 12. C. 4u.
Ta oci y:nuo:naucui V. I. Pnuapcua {Pyccuau y:iua
XVIII ucua. V., 1uS7. C. 4S) na:nuac inmnn piu napo(ucnnu
Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro :n:iuo 1741, a u ncpmin cuon
onorpaqi {Iono:nop V. C. Bcpc:ouciunn. ., 1uS8. C. 18)
uona na ocnoui noncpc(nix (annx ucp(ni, mo pca uccn ouy
24
npo i:im pannu (ay noro napo(ucnnu nc ni:nimc 174u-1741
pouiu.
ocouipno ni4oro ncui(oo npo aiuiu Vaucna Bcpc:ou
ciuoro. B. Acuo4cnciunn u cuon npaui Incu c (pcuncnmn cro
y4n:nmc Aua(cncu {I., 1S6. C. 276) uuauau, mo Bcpc:ou
ciunn noxo(nu : a:opocinciuoro (uopunciuoro po(y. Ham cy
4acnnu Pocnc:au Hn:nn4yu {u. ninpo. 1u66. ` 2. C. 117)
(cmo yo4nnu. u nc (yuc :aounin (uopunciuin po(nni. Rpin
Io:icnn4cnuo a Ccprin H:a4nn(a {y un. Hcona:na uynnna.
I., 1u6S) :pon:n aiua uono:nopa u:acnnuo xyipuu yun.
Bnxi(uc : ci` uo:aua uuauau Bcpc:ouciuoro r:yxiuciunn upac
:naucui n. Ipnuuo {u. pyr 4na4a, 1u7u, 12 :ncona(a). Byu
uo:au uo:auo... Y nann nncicu, unc:ounucu npo Co:ona
Bcpc:ouciuoro yupanciunn nncicnnnu Vnuo:a amuicu {Cpa4c
na nicnu. I., 1uS. C. 16). Baiuo uono:nopa : cc:un,
nnca:a Bipa auoua u icopn4nin nouici Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn
{V., 1u78. C. 6S), a (a:i (o(a:a. y:nuan, unnaxi(nnu i n`u
nnuu, uunn nponau y Hccpyp:i c: :uicun. Hpo c, mo aiuo
Vaucna yu y Hccpyp:i ...u cnpauax pouiu mici. Houcpnyucu
u cuoc cc:o, po:noui(au Hccop Iyuo:innu u cuocy onoui
(anni {Eqno:ounn H. Vaucn Co:onoun4 Bcpc:ouciunn. Houccn
n paccua:i. Cn., 1S2. T. II. C. 86u). o pc4i, cuoro 4acy
pocinciunn y:nuo:naucui B. BacinaIpoccan nouopn:a npnny
mcnnu, mo ...Iyuo:innu ir x {po:noui(i npo Vaucna Bcpc
:ouciuoro. P. T.) 4yn mc u y4niuciui poun, npouc(cni na
Yupani, u Hiunni, :ouci :n:iuo ui( I:yxoua, (c napo(nucu
Bcpc:ouciunn, i ui( Incua, (c uin y4nucu u aua(ci. Vou:nuo,
i u Hccpyp:iuin npn(uopnin uanc:i y:n unui mc cnora(n npo
a:anounoro unxouanuu, a uumo au 4n nc 4cpc: I:inuy
(inm:n uonn (o Iyuo:innua? {P. PacnuaIpocc+au. 3aiau
noucci o pyccuo y:iuanc ,, Cou. y:iua. 1u47. ` 4.
C. 116-117). Vn u cxn:ini (yan, mo Bcpc:ouciunn nocau
ncpc( nncicnnnuo cac u Hiunni, i cac 4cpc: noro npnuc:iu
no rina:i unmnx nayu. A ccpc( aunx y:n i r:yxiu4ann. Ha
uc(io :nmc o(nn npnu:a(.
V. B. Icpc:i {1S27-1SS8), (nnncuo uuoro nny:o na
Hocunnciuoy nopoxouoy :auo(i I:yxiuciuoro nouiy, u cai
npo unxouanuu Hiunnciuoro :iucu unu:u Bc:opo(iua I.V.Ba:i:i
{1Suu-1SS4) cnouimau, mo ocannin ...u ici I:yxoui npouo(nu
25
uauaui y cuoro npnuc:u Iinoua. I I.Ba:i:i, i O.Iinou
{1S11-1S6u), unnycunnun Hiunnciuo rina:i 1S8u pouy, y:n
npnuc:un Ioro:u, ni(pnyua:n : nn uonaun i nic:u :auin
4cnnu nau4a:inoro :au:a(y. opc :na:nci uonn i : Hccopo
Iyuo:innuo {1Suu-1S6S). To 4oy, :annaco n, uonn nc
or:n yn o(nn : :anuuuuiu ncpc(a4i ui(ooccn npo Bcpc
:ouciuoro cuocy npnuc:u, uunn noi cu:a(c icopn4ny nouici
npo r:yxiu4annna, nouici, uua (incno npnc:yun:acu cnpaui
nony:upn:aui icni uono:nopa u Poci XIX copi44u.
I, napcmi, noui(ono (yuy V. Pnuapcuo npo noxo(ucnnu
Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. noro ...aiuo ir an (pinc (uopun
cuo ao na:cuan (o ucpuounoc:yunc:iu. A:c naupu( 4n yu
upinauo 4n, naunaun, oco:nuo :na4ymou u couia:inoy ui(no
mcnni ocoou. Bcc uc, ucna pi4, :nmc npnnymcnnu, a nopini
(ouycna:ini (ani.
Houi nomyun acpia:iu npo (ay napo(ucnnu Vaucna Bc
pc:ouciuoro auou nc npnncc:n auanoro pc:y:iay. B o(noy
: (ouycniu 1744 pouy u(a:ocu :nann :nmc i`u uuoroci Bacn:u
Bcpc:ouciuoro, u no:uy capo(youcuo unc:icuyumcro {In
cucuau capnna. 1Su1. ` 7-u).
Pu( (ucpc: noui(o:uc, mo Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn yu un
xouanuc y:n4nocniuauiuo muo:n u I:yxoui, a:c n uc, na
ua:i, nc ni(ucp(uycicu (ouycna:ino. Ha uioy naro:omyc
o(nn : (oc:i(nnuiu I. ouomcnuo {Vy:n4nocapa:ina uy:i
ypa Cymnnn. Cyn, 1uu2. C. 1u). Bo(no4ac uauuo coi yuunn,
mo Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn nc (icau y pi(noy ici na:cuno
y:n4no ocuin. Ty, :un4anno, aui pauiu i, uui uuauaui,
mo unoun a:any uono:nopa c:i( myuan cac u I:yxoui
{(nu. cau Ipnropiu Xuoccnua Bnoun a:any ,, Cymn
na. 1uu, 1 :nnnu).
Hcpcuauna i:imici auopiu iorpaqi4nnx napnciu npo Bc
pc:ouciuoro cnouimac npo nau4annu r:yxiu4annna u IncuoVorn
:unciuin aua(ci. P. Hn:nn4yu nauii uuauac, mo uc ...qau
c:ncpc4nnn. Hcuno, uc (incno au. A:c (ouycna, mo ni(ucp
(uyc ucn qau, n nc aco u cuocy po:nopu(ucnni. V. Pn
uapcua nara(yc : uioro npnuo(y, mo ...u qauax i (ouycnax
Aua(ci :ra(ycicu n`ui Bcpc:ouciunx, a:c uo(noro Vaucna
{(ua Iuana, B:accn, Ipnropin, Ccnan). I poni uncnouou. ...(o
qauy nau4annu Bcpc:ouciuoro u Aua(ci nopino nocaunnci
uumo nc : nc(ouipou, o : uc:nuou ocoporou.
26
A cui:iun po:iunoccn {4aco (yuc pa:u4nx) y po:noui(ux
nx, uui nnmyi npo nau4annu uono:nopa u Incui. P. Hn:nn4yu
cnouimac, mo Bcpc:ouciunn ...o(pa:y ucynnu (o uanc:i npn
Aua(ci i cau capanno unu4an copiu uono:nui, raponiu.
Hicni, nanncani nn y na (ua, pn n 4onpn ro:ocn, npnucpny:n
(o :(inoro y:nuana nn:iny yuary unu:a(a4iu i cy(cniu Aua
(ci. Vo:o(nn uono:nop nncau nc i:iun (yxouny y:nuy, a
n cuiciui nicni, no(ino (o cuoro noncpc(nnua Ipnropiu Cuouo
po(n, auou unxouanuu uic Aua(ci {ninpo. 1u66. ` 2.
C. 11S).
numo o(ni {P. Hn:nn4yu, R. Io:icnn4cnuo a C. H:a4nn
(a) uuauaui, mo Bcpc:ouciuoro : Inuciuo aua(ci :apau :
coou (o Hccpypra npaunc:i Va:opoci, rcncpa: Hcpo Py`
unucu {172-17u6), inmi {Vnuo:a amuicu) mo uin yu ui(
npau:cnnn : Yupann u 4nc:i nano(apouanimnx y4niu, o pci
{V. Pnuapcua) nou`u:yui ucn qau : i`u rpaqa I. I. Po
:youciuoro, rciana Yupann y 17u-1764 pouax. A Pyccunn
n:norpaqn4ccunn c:ouapi {Cn., 1uuu. T. II. C. 788-784)
cnouimac, mo (o co:nui Pocinciuo incpi r:yxiu4annn u:ara:i
nopannu unna(uouo. B Jnunu:onc(n4ccuo y:iua:ino c:o
uapc {V., 1uu. C. 24) :naxo(no, mo Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn
: (nnncua cmuau y Hccpyp:i. Bi:im (nn:oan4no, :pi:y
u4n rocpi uyn, noui(o:uc cau I. Haqqop(a. ...B:uo
y:o u uapuuannu incpapnui C:n:aucn Hcpiunn :a 4y(ounn
cuin ro:oc u npn(uopnoy cniuo4oy xopi {naqqop0 I.
Icopiu y:nun. Cn., 1S86. C. 867).
Bna:o pi:no4nani i cocouno noucpncnnu Vaucna Bcpc
:ouciuoro : Ia:i (o Poci. nu npaun:o, i:imici auopiu ucp
(ni, mo uc ca:ocu na no4auy {u:iuy) 1774 pouy. To(i uo
no:nop na4co noucpnyucu pa:o : ccua(pou rpaqa O:cuciu
Op:oua {B. Acuo4cnciunn, V. Harinun, P. Hn:nn4yu, V. am
uicu a in.). I`u r:yxiu4annna nauii noccpc(nio nou`u:yui :
apcmo i noucpncnnu (o Poci : Ia:i unuunn Tapauanouo.
A:c V. Pnuapcua u apxiui Io:cri unypimnix cnpau :nanm:a Pa
nop ui( 1u uounu 1778 pouy npo npnu(uau4nx (o Poci. B
nioy oun:ocu. 3 Ia:i pocinciunn uanc:icnccp V. Bc
pc:ouciunn i c:yunc:i Apxin Vapuou.
Hc uapo npo(ouuyuan ncpc:iu unupnu:cni, non:ou, i:nx
n:u y uncnnci V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Bncnouou ucnnn. 4cpc:
21
4ucpi ncu4o:iu nic:u napo(ucnnu c:aucnoro uono:nopa n,
no cyi, mc nc aco nounoro, unuipcnoro noro uncnncy. Rui
:cn V. Bcpc:ouciuoro :ymyc nac npo(ouunn pnua:y, uoniuy
pooy no :npannu (ouycna:innx (annx npo uono:nopa i
noro 4ac. Tn i:imc, mo nc uci po:myuani acpia:n noa4n:n
cui. Tau, auopua icopn4noro poany Icpacn cc(cu
B. CnpnouaPaunina, u uuoy c, (o pc4i, copinun, npncuu4cni
i Vaucnoui Bcpc:ouciuoy, noui(o:u:a auopa unx pu(uiu, mo
(o cnpaun nanncannu oncpn npo Bcpc:ouciuoro paucu uono:nop
I. H. Hnmou, a n y:o :anpononouano nanncan :ipco oncpn.
I. Hnmou aununo :npau (ani npo Bcpc:ouciuoro. x 4na:o c
u apxiui ui(ooro y:nuo:nauuu V. uin(cn:cna.
Tpca, noncpmc, (opc unu4nn oo4cnnu V. Bcpc:ouciuoro.
A(uc uci, xo nncau npo uono:nopa, nc na:ua:n o(an uo(noro
icni (iu4a uy:iypn : oo4cnnu uono:nopa. 3a:na4no, mo uu
cnpaua nc c:na(inna. Oci y uop4in cna(mnni pocinciuoro noca
I. I. Xcniucpa {174-17S4), o(no:iua Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro,
u oco:nuoy :omni Jnnrpaa n npo4nc na(nncn :nanmoucu
uip, npncuu4cnnn namoy :c:uuoui.
Ti :(cci? Hocon! Hamc: cu u, nauoncu,
Hc:aro(apnin i n xnmnnu n cr:cu!
Bo:ouno :i nocynni, uau nocynn: i c nan,
C :unumnn cu n 4numnn (py:iun?
Hc o:iuo ca o nac i cupi:cu n nc4c:,
Eucpny i y nac noxnn: n yuc:.
Hin cnirpai I. Xcniucp (au auy na:uy. O ncnn na
:iunua, npncxaumcro u Poccnu n: Ha:nn, r(c Bcpc:oucunn y4n:
cu n yun(c: cro. Tau, (:u araiox pociun a ia:inuiu :ycpi4i
: Bcpc:ouciun y:n npncnnn n pa(icnnn.
Hiun, na ua:i, mc nc (oc:i(uyua:ncu ui:uo ou:nui
:u`u:un, oconci :ycpi4i Bcpc:ouciuoro : :c:uuanr:yxiu4anan
npo Bopnunciun {171-1S2) a Anono occnuo
{1787-1778). B uni ocannioro y:o arao no(inoro (o unu
Bcpc:ouciuoro. nu i Vaucn, Anon cuoro 4acy yu y:unn (o
Hpn(uopno cniuo4o uanc:n, a:c noi ncpcuua:iqiuyuaucu, un
uunumn uc:nui :(inoci u a:uuanni, i cau un:na4nn ancpo
icopn4noro unuonncy. ouncunn (nun 177u pouy un(annn
qpanuy:iunn cuy:inop i copcnu nccuua Eicn ua:iuonc
{ui(onn araio uu auop na`unnua Hcpy I u Hccpyp:i)
28
uo:au y cuocy :nci (o couici Iacpnnn II. Voua n(c npo
occnua, (ocui(4cny, 4ccny, ncmacny :u(nny... Hcpcc:i(yuannn,
co:cnnn, :acy4cnnn iou aua(ci4nnx (pinnui, ni u uuin
Aua(ci ncnpn4cnnx (o npoqccopa. occnuo nc u :o:i u:unci
:a ncn:c:i. noro :ary:ui c:cyniuno. Bin nana:anounimnn
ccpc( cuox cniuui4n:nnuiu unuonnccui, (o nioro :a:nmauicu
nc4y:nui, nn ucpuyui i uumo occnuo :a:nmnicu ncma
cnn, o y(y cpau(an : nn pa:o. B inmoy :nci ua:iuonc
:a:na4au. Bi(nnn, 4ccnnn, npnnnucnnn, ro:o(nnn :npaucu :ou
ci unxan : Hccpypra. Bin npnxo(nu po:nouicn cni npo cuou
yry. A uuc 6 rpy(nu 1778 pouy inmnn :nacnnnn qpanuy:,
qi:ocoq cni i(po, : uun :arpaua:a Iacpnna II, : o:c
noui(o:uu ua:iuonc. A uioro i(noro occnua... uuc nc ca:o!
Xo4 u nc ucnr : nn no:nanonnci, u (yuc :acy4cnnn :
uioro.
Vcnm, niu 4cpc: 4onpn poun, nc ca:o u oy u Hccpyp:i
i Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro.
B nacynnoy XIX co:ii r:yxiuciua :c:u (a:a cuioui
4y(ouoro cniuauacnopa Vnuo:y Iuanoua {1S1u-1SSu), ypo(ucnuu
icc4ua Boponiu. Y 1S2ux pouax uin auou cniuau y Hpn(uopnin
uanc:i, a noi : Vnxan:o I:inuou unxau (o Ia:i i (o Poci
uuc nc noucpnyucu... Hapciunn ypu( naaraucu :aapcmyuan noro
:a uop(ono i cano cynpouo(nn (o Hccpypra. cuui auopn
:unnyua4yua:n namoro :c:uua y :pa(i aiuiumnnn. Vnuo:a Iua
nou, ra(aco, (opc :nau (o:u cuox noncpc(nnuiu. Xia u or:a
yn (:u nioro aiuiumnnou a Pociu, uua :ncxyua:a a:ano
i Anona occnua, i Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro, uua :aryn:a xni
unu?
3(acicu, c(nnn auopo, xo naaraucu oupcc:nn uo:o
:nanocu Bcpc:ouciuoro u Hccpyp:i, y:a :ra(yuana B. Cnp
nouaPauiina. Y cuocy poani Icpacn cc(cu uona :uc:a
(ouynn Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro, ua:iuonc, cuy:inopa uc(oa
Hyina, an(piunnuau4cnoro Icpacna cc(cua {174u-1S17). I,
ncuno, nc c: ni(cau.
3na4nou i:ou n:uou c ui(cynici :opaucnnu uono
:nopa. A, ou:nuo, uono n :cpcr:ocu, a n npoco nc :naco
npo uc. Ypo(ucncui Incua, ui(onn u4cnnn :icpaypo:naucui
Vnxan:o A:cucccu mc u 1u21 poui u o(cciuoy a:ianaci Hoccu
un(pyuyuau ccc Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn. B nioy :a:uuau uin
29
i yuunnn noppc uono:nopa. Horo i`u :auu(n y(c unu:nuan
u namin na`ui pncn noro cynoro o:n44u i :a(y:nunn nor:u(
noro o4cn.
Ccpc( cuy:inypnnx noppciu un(anoro pocinciuoro cuy:i
nopa uc(oa Hyina {174u-1Su) :na4ny yuary npnucpac nop
pc ncui(ooro {ccpc(nna 177ux pp.). B4nacoci u on onnc,
uunn nauc:a O. H. a:apcua. Hoppc ncui(oo o:o(o :u(n
nn :anac oco:nuc icuc ccpc( inmnx npaui, unuonannx y 7ui
poun. Hc o(nn : nani:im nponnu:nunx uopiu Hyina. B nioy
pa(icnc, unccucp(nc no4yu xy(ounnua :inn:ocu qi:ocoq
ciun ocnc:cnnu unu. B uono:nui uca, u 4iuoy cn:yci
ui(4yuacicu uuaci oco:nua rocpoa unypimnioro (yxounoro
unu noppcnpyuanoro. Hyin :opa:nu ncui(ooro u cani r:n
ouo :a(yn, u on ocn, uo:n :u(nna nc ouc no:aunncu
nau`u::nunx (you i uauuo noucpacicu (o cni:uyuannu : nau
uo:nmni cuio. Hoppc ncui(ooro (o:uo:uc npnnycnn, mo
(o:u uic :u(nnn nc y:a an(yua xy(ounnuoui, uin cniu4yuau
noro nc4a:i, no(i:uu noro (yun. Cn:icn4ni oco:nuoci uioro
innnoro, ncuc:nuoro :a po:ipan noppcy, y:ara:incnici o
:n44u cui(4ai npo c, mo, o4cun(no, noppc nncaucu nc : na
ypn, a :a upaucnnu no na`ui npo :n:iuy :u(nny, uua nim:a
: unu {asapeea O. H. Pyccunn cuy:inop uc(o Hynn.
V., 1u6. C. u-7).
Bnc:ou:uu (yuy, mo uc noppc Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Honcpmc, ncnxo:ori4nc :opaucnnu na cuy:inypnoy noppci
uc(oa Hyina c: ycuunx nauuou ooounucicu : noppco
r:yxiu4annna, uunn no npn:(i : Ia:i (o Hccpypra onnnnucu
u cani (ymcuno (cnpcci. Ho(pyrc, uc noppc ocon, uua ui(
:na4a:acu uc:nun unypimni (yxounn :ico. Cac aunn,
c:youno, yu Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn. Hc cnm uau:nuo noi
nn n c, mo uc noppc o:o(o ocon.
Bcpc:ouciunn nimou : unu na 82y poui. Bcpc:ouciunn i
Hyin mun(mc :a ucc cni:uyua:ncu i u Poci, i u Ia:i. uc(o
Hyin unxau (o Ia:i nanpnuinui 177uro pouy. opc ui(oo,
mo uin pa:o : ypa:iciun ripnn4o:auo(4nuo V. cn(oun
anuc piu :nanonucu : un:na4nnn na`uuan yc:au:cnnx ic
Ia:i. cuunn 4ac Hyin unu i npauuuau y Bo:oni ici,
(c Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn nau4aucu. 1 paunu 1771 pouy {pouo
ni:nimc Vouapa), uu (oc:i(n:a V. Harinun, uin pa:o : 4cci
30
un uono:nopo Ho:cqo Vnc:nuc4uo pnau a cu:acn
na :uannu aua(ciua. Hoi na apypouin (omui icucuo qi
:aponi4no aua(ci y:o :o:onn :icpan unuapyuano i`u
r:yxiu4annna Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. B o(noy n oy u poui
{1778) Bcpc:ouciunn i Hyin noucpny:ncu (o Poci.
Vnccuuo:naucui O. a:apcua ra(ac, mo noppc ncui(ooro
Hyin nncau nc : naypn, a no na`ui npo :n:iuy :u(nny,
mo nim:a : unu. Cac pari4na ccpi Vaucna Bcpc:ouci
uoro, (o:u uuoro nc y:a an(yua xy(ounnuy, :ycn:a Hyina
u:uncu :a pooy. Tau i unnnu uip, un:nannn nani:im npo
nnu:nun : poi Hyina. I uc :iracicu u 4aci ccpc(nna
177ux pouiu. Iouipnnn noppc Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro npnupa
cnu ra:cpcu myinciunx noppciu r:yxiu4annna. Hi( pyuou
cuy:inopa napo(n:ncu noppcn H. Py`unucua3a(ynanciuoro
{1777), unu n (iu:inici uuoro y:n nou`u:ani : I:yxouo, a
ypo(ucnuu ica unu:u O. Bc:opo(iua {17Sui poun).
Y 1u62 poui capounnnnn I:yxiu upanu cuou yniua:iny
na`uuy Tpouiunn coop, uunn yu unca(ucnnn u nouipu.
Io:n Vaucn Pn:iciunn (i:naucu, mo apxicuypnnn mc(cup y
I:yxoui 4cuac :nnmcnnu, o nocnimnu upynncu u uu cnpauy.
Bin nncau. Oco:nuo pi:ony:o no ccpuu xo:o(nc. noc:c pa:
opun Tponuuoro coopa u I:yxouc. Buauau, mo nnannu npo
oou`u:uouc ucanou:cnnu copia:ino a:nui na icui Tpoui
uoro coopy ouc yn i nocau:cnc, i po:u`u:anc uuc cioro(ni.
V. Pn:iciunn rapu4c :axnmau i coopn :u(ciunx (ym. B cuocy
ccc nu:uci na aqimy a n (yuy ra(au... {Bc4ipni po:oun.
I., 1u68) uin nncau. A Bc(c:u, Bopnunciuoro n Bcpc:ouciuoro
:naco i:iun : icni... n, o(na4c, ncpcuonannn, mo pc:irinnnn
c:ccn y x uopax uc i:iun :ycua, ni( uuou auicu un
uopcncnc :u(ciuc ccpuc i unuopcncna :u(ciua (yua.
Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn i cioro(ni ccpc( nac. Vn ui(4yuaco
nu noro rapu4oro ccpuu, npnc:yxacocu (o noro unuopcncno
:u(ciuo (yun, uua 4cpc: noro npcupacny y:nuy :a4apouyc nac,
:uc:n4yc uounoro uu oconcici, nponnuac u nanr:nmi, nanno
acnimi uyo4un namo (ymi.

31
. Eopu/
TBOPHICTL M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO B KOHTEKCTI
VKPAHCLKO MV3HHHO KVHLTVPH XVIII CT.
Yupanciuc y:nuo:naucuo y uc:nuoy opry ncpc( un:na4
nn yupanciun uono:nopo V. Bcpc:ouciun. Hc (oc:i(uc
nn c ui:nn pu( npo:c, mo cocyuicu oconcoci V. Bcpc
:ouciuoro a noro uop4oci. O(na : nnx uc npo:ca naui
ona:ino cncunqiun nouoro cn:u yupanciuo (yxouno y:nun y
uop4oci V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. I xo4 yuc ucanou:cno :u`u:un ou
pcnx c noro uopiu : yupanciun qo:iu:opo {(nu. no4aou
xopouoro uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc), a:c uc nc unpimn:o
npo:cn, o yupanciunn qo:iu:op unuopncouyua:n auou po
cinciui, ia:inciui a inmi uono:nopn.
Bcpc: nc(oc:i(ucnici nauiona:ino cncunqiun y:nun
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro unnnuac nauii nnannu nauiona:ino na:cu
noci. Ocui:iun V. Bcpc:ouciunn uopnu y Poci a Ia:i, pocin
ciui (oc:i(nnun na:nuaui noro pocinciun uono:nopo. Tau
uuauaui i (cuui yupanciui y:nuo:nauui {nanpnu:a(, auop
ucynno cai (o un(annu uopiu V. Bcpc:ouciuoro u Incui.
V. Bcpc:oucunn. Xopouic npon:uc(cnnu. I., 1uSu, (c uin na:
uannn pocinciun uono:nopo).
Xoi:ocu no(i:nncu i:iun (cuunn ipuyuannun mo(o
uioro. Hnannu nauiona:ino na:cunoci uop4oci V. Bcpc:ou
ciuoro (cmo npoucnuc icopnuouy:iypna cnyauiu, :oupca, cnc
unqiua yupanciuopocinciunx uy:iypnnx u:acnn, uui cu:a:ncu
u (pyrin no:ounni XVII-XVIII c.
Bi(oo, mo : ccpc(nnn XVII c. na uy:iypy Vocuouciuo
(cpuaun, uua (o oro 4acy y:a i:o:iouanou ui( :(oyuiu ocuin
i uy:iypn 3axo(y, aununo un:nua:a :na4no po:unncnima yupa
nciua uy:iypa. Pocinciuc cycni:icuo (o ccpc(nnn XVII c. nc
cnpnna:o ni4oro 4yuoro. Yupanciua u uy:iypa uuc : uinuu
XV c. po:unua:acu u icnoy uonaui : pcnccancnou, a noi
apououou no:iciuou a :axi(nocuponcnciunn uy:iypan i u
ncpio( XVII ncpmin no:ounni XVIII c. unn:cua:a ocuiy a
32
uy:iypy cuponcnciuoro piunu. Y (pyrin no:ounni XVII c. i oco
:nuo u cnoxy Hcpa I u Poci unnnuac ycui(o:cnnu ncoxi(noci
:in y uy:iypnopc:irinnoy uni. I npnpo(nn y:o nparncnnu
unuopncan nauuni :(oyun yupanciuo a i:opyciuo uy:iyp.
Bau:nuo ni(upcc:nn uc:n4c:nnn acma unx yupanciunx a
i:opyciunx un:nuiu na pocinciuy uy:iypy y ncpio( (pyro no:o
unnn XVII ncpmo no:ounnn XVIII c. Hc npcupacno noua:au
na 4nc:cnnnx qauax : (ouycna:innx (ucpc: I. Xap:anoun4
y cuon qyn(acna:inin npaui Va:opoccnncuoc u:nunnc na uc
:nuopyccuyu ucpuounyu un:ni {Ia:ani, 1u14, . I).
Hpoouncnn mo(o yupanciuoro a i:opyciuoro un:nuiu na
pocinciuy uy:iypy c c:oua pocinciuoro u4cnoroc:auica H. Bcc
conoua, uunn y 1S71 p. nncau. By(iuoy ui(oo, nacui:iun
uonn {yupanciui a i:opyciui un:nun. . E.) arai, cn:ini
i un:nuoui, nanpnu:a(, (:u Bc:nuopoci. Bnxi(ui : Yupann a
Bi:opyci :annu:n y nannpccnunimi icuu, ui( icpapxiu (o yn
pau:ini uoncncopin, uui uonn u i cuopn:n, ui( unxouac:iu ci`
uapciuo (o nacouc:iu onacnpciunx, (o pcuopiu, npcqcuiu i
u4nc:iu nnn npocuouannx mui:, (o uaincnnx i (pyuapciunx
y4cnnx, (i:ouo(iu, (uuiu i ccupcapiu. Vanuc ucc :a:na:o xnio
pcqopn, (o upau ncui(xn:inoro un:nuy. oroc:ouciuc y4cnnu,
unnpau:cnnu cuumcnnoro n oroc:yucnoro cucy, ...ucpuouna a(
inicpauiu, nponoui(i, xpaounn, rpoa(ciunn i (oamnin cniu,
non.., un( i cu:a( mui:, npc(cn i cnocon nau4annu, ypn
annu i:iocu, npauonnc, rpoa(ciui irpn i un(ounma i . (.,
i . (.
1
.
ocni :na4nn yu yupanciunn un:nu i u ra:y:i (yxouno
y:nun. Y uinui XVI ncpmin no:ounni XVII c. icnyua:n cy
cui ui(innoci iu oroc:yucnn cniuo y ucpuuax Yupann a
Poci. Bonn npoccuyuicu u uy:iouin ono(i, uua y Poci mc
:anncyua:acu o(i c::ininnou upuuouou noauicu, a u Yupani
n`un:ininnou uua(panou noou. Y Poci unuopncouyuaucu au
:uannn cpo4nnn cniu, a u Yupani apououi napccni uopn,
uui (yuc ui(pi:nu:ncu ui( ycioro oro, mo panimc :uy4a:o u
npauoc:aunnx ucpuuax. Hcpuouna pcqopa napiapxa Hnuona u
Poci a:a na ci :anpoua(nn u pocinciunx ucpuuax aunn cniu,
1
Leccouoe H. Le:opqccnne necun c no0pouu+n ozcueun+n na neop:ecnea n
suna, c o:epna+n uapo0uoo op0a, ou:a n eceo una. M., I08I. Hpe0nc:oene.
C. \I.
33
uunn qynuuionyuau yuc u yupanciunx ucpuuax, ncpm :a ucc
napccnnn. Buc(cnnu napccnoro cniuy u pocinciunx ucpuuax y:o
nou`u:anc : pi:nnn py(nomun. 3 o(noro ouy, uin unu:nuau
nccnpnnnuu i nauii onip npnxn:innuiu capo pa(nui pocin
ciuoro ucpuounoro cniuy {capoopu(uiu), uui uuaua:n ucpuounnn
cniu, mo npnnmou : Yupann, 4yun i na:nua:n noro oprannn,
npnn:ucnic cnxn na nrpnmax
1
. 3 (pyroro ouy, nopini y:n
ucpuouni cniuui, pcrcnn, oi:nani :i cn:c yupanciuo napccno
y:nun, i cai uopn. Taunx uncououua:iqiuouannx cniuuiu, pc
rcniu, uono:nopiu ocuouciua u:a(a : ccpc(nnn XVII c. no4a:a
:anpomyuan : Yupann, a ncpi(uo n nacn:ino ncpcuo:n:a x y
Pociu. 3cpcr:ocu 4na:o icopn4nnx (ouycniu, :oupca, : rci
anciuo uanuc:upi, uui cui(4ai npo c, mo npouro (pyro
no:ounnn XVII ncpmo no:ounnn XVIII c. uapciunn ypu(
nocinno :ucpaucu (o rcianiu a yupanciunx cuumcnoc:yunc
:iu : unorou ui(puuan (o Poci :nauuiu napccnoro cniuy. Hc
npnuc:o (o oro, mo u ncpio( XVII i ncpmo no:ounnn XVIII c.
y Poci onnnn:ocu 4na:o yupanciunx uono:nopiu, cniuuiu, pc
rcniu, ccpc( uunx yu un(annn uono:nop, u:acnu napccnoro
uonucpy Vnuo:a n:cuiunn. Cac u ucn 4ac y Poci :`uun:ocu
arao napccnnx uopiu, uui :cpirauicu a i (onnni.
Y (pyrin no:ounni XVIII c., uo:n Yupana upan:a cuou
(cpuaunici, a yupanciua uy:iypa po:unua:acu u uo:onia:innx
youax, pnuau ui(iu inc:cuya:inoro uuiy yupanciuo naui u
Pociu. Cnccan4no unuo:n:ncu y:n4no :(ini (in (o uapciuoro
(uopy. Ti:iun o(na I:yxiuciua y:n4na muo:a mopouy ui(npau:u:a
cuox unxouanuiu (o Hccpyp:iuo cniuauiuo uanc:n. 3a cui(4cn
nu n. Hc:ina, i:imici cniuauiu Hccpyp:iuo cniuauiuo ua
nc:n y:n yupanuun
2
.
Y Hccpyp:i yupanciui y:nuann caua:n nc i:iun cniua
uan uanc:n, a n y4nc:un, rpa:n u pi:nnx opuccpax, pa:n
y4aci u oncpnnx uncauax, nnca:n y:nuy. Yupanui cnpnu:n
mnpouoy po:noucu(ucnnu u Poci yupanciunx niccni i anuiu.
Y Hccpyp:i uncpmc :`uun:ncu nonn (pyuo yupanciui nicni
y :ipnnuy B. Tpyouciuoro Copannc pyccunx npocix ncccn c
noan {1776-17u). Y Hccpyp:i (pyuyua:ncu opoun yupa
1
Mqsuna:oua ocnennna Poccnn XI-X\III eenoe. M., I07J. C. II.
2
ne:nu u. Mqsuna n a:en e Poccnn X\III eena. ., I0J. C. 8.
34
nciunx niccni i anuiu. Yci ui npoounci qaun nopcyui
nouo incpnpcaui. Ha namy (yuy, c uci ni(caun (:u ucp
(ucnnu, mo 4cpc: nccnpnu:nui icopn4ni youn u (pyrin no:ounni
XVIII c. i panimc yupanciuc npoqccinnc y:n4nc nccuuo po:
unua:ocu nc i:iun u Yupani, a n no:a cuan. Taun ucn
po yu Hccpypr, (c napa:c:ino : pocinciuou a inmnn uy:i
ypan po:unua:ocu n yupanciuc y:n4nc nccuuo. Toy, uo:n
V. Bcpc:ouciunn y 17S poui nopannu (o Hccpypra, a yuc
nc ui(4yua:ocu cycunx ui(innoccn iu (yxounou y:nuou, uua
unuonyua:acu u Yupani i u Hccpyp:i, o u pocinciunx ucpuuax
:uy4a:a napccna y:nua yupanciuo cn:iouo pa(nui. V. Bc
pc:ouciunn uu (yxouny y:nuy, o4cun(no, cnpnnau uu cuou,
po:unuau4n y cuox uopax. Horo uop4ici i pcnpc:cnyc yu
panciuc y:n4nc nccuuo, mo unnnu:o na no:aacpnuouin c
pnopi.
Hauiona:ina cncunqiua y:nun V. Bcpc:ouciuoro npouun:acu
u oy, mo uin cnnpaucu na pa(nui yupanciuoro cn:u napc
cnoro cniuy, ui( uuoro, no cyi, ui(mouxnyucu. Yupanciui uo
no:nopn, auopn napccno y:nun, :yi:n oprani4no noc(nan
cuoc i 4yuc. nu i inmi apououi cuponcnciui uono:nopn {ia
:inciui, nicuiui, no:iciui), uonn :acuo:n cxniuy ucncuianciuoro
(yxounoro uonucpy i, cuocpi(no ncpcui:numn a cnnpau4nci
na pa(nui yupanciuo uy:iouo ono(i, (ocur:n caoynoci.
Y y:nui V. Bcpc:ouciuoro nauuni inonauinni :u`u:un : napcc
nou y:nuou, npoccuycicu cni:inici : ncu u opa:noci, nc
pc(yci y rini4nin cqcpi, a auou u oco:nuocux xopouo qau
ypn {:icau:cnnu raponi4noro a no:iqoni4noro unu:a(y) a in.
Bo(no4ac (yxouna y:nua V. Bcpc:ouciuoro uu:uc coou no
unn can po:unuy (yxouno y:nun, nounn cn:i, y uuoy npo
ccuycicu ncpcxi( ui( apouo (o u:acnun:y. C ni(caun npnny
cnn, mo ucn nounn u:acnuncn4nnn cn:i (yxouno y:nun cno
4auy unnnu u Yupani, a noi noro po:unny:n yupanciui uo
no:nopn u Poci. Vou:nuo, mo noro po:no4au yupanciunn uo
no:nop An(pin Pa4nnciunn {172u-17uu), uunn yu pcrcno ua
nc:n :iuiuciuoro cnicuona . Vc:cuiuoro, a : 178 p. cau ua
nc:icnccpo y rciana Inpn:a Po:youciuoro u I:yxoui. Va
yi, (yxouni uonucpn A. Pa4nnciuoro unuonyua:ncu xopouou
uanc:ou u I:yxoui, o na:nucna (o rciana :u(nna {I. Tcn
:ou) npnuc::a noro uonucpn u Hccpypr. nu ui(:na4ac ncui(o
35
nn auop cai Hpn(uopnau ncu4ccuau uanc:i, na(pyuouano
u Oc4ccucnnix :anncuax y 1S28 p., uapnuu Iacpnna II na
ua:a:a cno4auy cniuan {uu y:nuy) i:iun npn uopi, mo
npnu4nn nocynouo c:yx ny:iun (o ia:inciuoro cauy. Bin
nnmc, mo cac A. Pa4nnciunn po:no4au nouy cnoxy u icopi
yupanciuo a pocinciuo ucpuouno y:nun
1
.
Y Poci nounn u:acnuncn4nnn cn:i (yxouno y:nun cu
cno4auy unu:nuau nccnpnnnuu uu 4yunn ia:inciunn, no
(ino (o oro, uu y noncpc(nu cnoxy nc cnpnna:n apouounn
napccnnn cniu. Tauc nccnpnnnuu nouoro cn:u, cy(u4n :i c:iu
n. Hc:ina, y:o y uapnui C:n:aucn, uua : cou :cpcucnnu
capounnno pocinciuo ucpuouno y:nun, nc (yuc oxo4c (o:uo
:u:a y nouocuopcnnx ucpuounnx ocax :imyuannu : ia:in
ciun cn:c, uunn uona au :un:a u inmin y:nui.
O(nau :a uapuuannu Iacpnnn II uu, na (yuy n. Hc:ina,
i:im (ocuona:a y:nua ycc i:imc i i:imc unpoua(uyua:acu
u npn(uopnin uanc:i
2
.
numo nc :a4nnac:c, o u:acnuo uioro u:acnuncn4noro
cn:u yupanciuo (yxouno y:nun, c: cyniuy, cau V. Bcpc
:ouciunn. Hcn nounn cn:i yu ni(roou:cnnn :na4nou cuo:uuicu
apououo napccno y:nun. Hpoc uin yuc au uuicno noui o:
naun, mo ui(pi:nu:n noro ui( noncpc(nioro. V. Bcpc:ouciunn
cuopnu (yxouny y:nuy nouo xy(ounio uuoci, :a:y4numn (o
nc cy4acnnn apccna: y:n4nnx :acoiu. Hc, ncpm :a ucc, onopa
na u:acnuncn4ny raponiu, uuc no:au:cny o(a:innx :a:nmuiu,
upi oro, u (yxounnx uopax cnoccpiracicu onopa na ui:iny
no:iqoniu : po:unncnou qyrou, a auou unuopncannu unu:i4no
cpyuypn i can:y : ucupauo po:unncnou c:o(nuou.
yxouna y:nua V. Bcpc:ouciuoro unarac no(a:imnx (oc
:i(ucni. Ho o`cununo ouinnn, ncoxi(no :innn ni(xi( (o
ucpuouno y:nun, uunn cu:aucu u pa(unciuoy y:nuo:naucui
u:ara:i. Ha ouinuy (oc:i(nnuiu ucpuouno y:nun ncranunnn
un:nu cnpaun:a cnoxa uonounn4oro ac:y. Hc npouun:ocu u
oy, mo nani:im xapaucpnnn o:nauan ucpuouno y:nun
uuaua:n acucn:. numo u ucpuouna y:nua ui(:na4a:acu co
uinnou unpa:nicu, o u nin ni(upcc:uua:n ccuy:upn:auiu a
4
Hpn0eopua nee:ecna nane:o ,, One:ecneeuuue sanncnn. I82J. u. XI\. J8.
C. 121.

ne:nu u. Mqsuna n a:en e Poccnn X\III eena. C. 8.

36
cuiciunn xapaucp. Hi( aun uyo :opy po:r:u(a:acu i uop
4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. A:c uu (oc:i(nnua, au i unuonauuu
nc c:i( :ayuan, mo uono:nopn (yxouno y:nun uopn:n ca
upa:inc nccuuo. Toy iu (yxounnn i cuiciunn uopan
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro cnoccpirauicu iconi ui(innoci. Bapo :ucp
nyn yuary i na cncunqiuy yupanciuo (yxouno y:nun, uua no:u
ra:a u oy, mo ui( uinuu XVI no4auy XVII c. ncpcuauna
i:imici yupanciunx ucpuounnx (iu4iu i oco:nuo npc(caunnun
pacu uau:nuoro :na4cnnu na(aua:n upacoi :uy4annu n unpa:noci
cniuy u ucpuounoy opu(i {:un4anno, u cuax pc:irinno cncunqiun
opa:iu), nc uuauau4n uc nopymcnnu ucpuounnx uanoniu. Yupa
nciua (yxouna y:nua XVII ncpmo no:ounnn XVIII c. y:a
ui(upna (:u un:nuiu cuiciuoro, napo(noro nccuua, uuc cuocpi(no
ncpcuopuua:ocu u nin, a auou (:u inonauiona:innx pcucnuin.
Cac na rpyni unx aranx pa(nuin yupanciuo (yxouno y:nun
i qopyua:acu uop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Hoy u(a:ocu noc(nan
cuoc i 4yuc {ncpm :a ucc, (cuui pa(nui ia:inciuo y:nun), (o
curmn nauiona:ino cuocpi(noci.
Hauiona:ina cncunqiua y:nun V. Bcpc:ouciuoro nou`u:ana
i : unuopncannu nn yupanciunx napo(nnx (ucpc: {ncpc(yci,
:ipn4nnx niccni). A:c uono:nop ynnuau unyuannu u (yxounnx
uopax napo(noniccnnnx :pa:uiu, a :yiu x ncpcui:nn. Hc no
ino u can:i, uunn ac niccnny uanpouy ocnouy.
Yupanciua nauiona:ina cnxiu oco:nuo nponac :ipn4ny
cqcpy y:nun V. Bcpc:ouciuoro : xapaucpnou (:u nc couin
nou unpa:nicu, niunicu, ui(inuo cyuy, nocn4nicu, uu,
nanpnu:a(, y npn4acnnx uipmax Bamy cnaccnnu npnny, B:a
ucnn uuc n:pa: a in. Y unx a inmnx uopax uono:nopoui
u(a:ocu ui(uopnn yupanciuy cna:inici. Ho uioy m:uxy ni
m:n n noc:i(ounnun V. Bcpc:ouciuoro . Bopnunciunn,
A. Bc(c:i, C. cxupcuciunn, C. crupiou.
Xo4 V. Bcpc:ouciunn, . Bopnunciunn npauuua:n u Poci,
npoc xnu y:nua y:a ui(oa n unuonyua:acu u Yupani. Bona
ui(irpa:a :na4ny po:i y no(a:imoy po:unuy yupanciuo (yxouno
y:nun. Hpun x cna(uocuc y ncpmin no:ounni XIX c. cau
V. Bcpnuiunn. 3au(uun oy, mo yupanciua (yxouna y:nua
uuc a:a arai pa(nui, (yxouni uopn uono:nopiu XIX
no4.XX c. V. nccnua, V. conoun4a, I. Ccucnua, n. nun
ncun4a, O. Iomnuu a in. :a piunc nc :nmc nc nocynauicu
ncpc( cuiciunn, a ino(i n ncpcucpmyui x.
31
Yuc ui(oi uopn V. Bcpc:ouciuoro, a auou i, mo noucp
auicu i: :ayu, unu:nuaui :axon:cnnu i u cy4acnoro c:yxa4a.
Tuop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro uu rcnia:inoro uono:nopa c na(
annu nc i:iun yupanciuo, a n ycic cuiouo uy:iypn.

T. Iqcap:qn
HOCTATL MAKCHMA LEPE3OBCLKOIO
B KOHTEKCTI KVHLTVPH LAPOKO
Tuop4nn m:ux o(noro : nana:anounimnx yupanciunx uo
no:nopiu Vaucna Co:onoun4a Bcpc:ouciuoro nara(yc ucupaunn
cna:ax uocn, mo panouo :`uun:acu na nccuiuoy ncocxn:i
(pyro no:ounnn XVIII copi44u i au cao panouo :rac:a. O(nau
nopiununnu uc npauoipnc :nmc 4acuouo. 3 o(noro ouy, cnpau(i
na(:un4anno uopoua uop4a iorpaqiu y cuax n`una(uun, a
o n cnmc pouiu i npn uioy upauau4a xy(ounu unnuuouici
uop4oci, a:c : inmoro r:noua icopn4na oyou:cnici na
po(ucnnu uioro ucupauo nouaopciuoro uunma, iunici noro
:u`u:uiu uu : nny:n, au i : anyni.
Po:no4aumn cuou uop4y (iu:inici y 6ui poun XVIII co
:iu, Bcpc:ouciunn onnnnucu u 4acouoy cniucnpi no(in, a(uc
cac o(i y nccuui ui(yua:ncu npouccn r:nounx ncpcuopcni.
na :iny apouo nmou nounn cnoxa:innn cn:i u:acnun:.
Hocaua:n noui cccn4ni npnnunnn, qopyuaucu nounn cnoci
xy(ounioro nc:cnnu, napo(uyua:ncu noui uanpn u :icpaypi a
nccuui. Tonuo ui(4yuau4n ui npouccn, Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn
araorpanno ui(ryunyucu na nnx cuocu uop4icu, uua :aqiucy
ua:a uau:nunn i na(:un4anno uiuaunn ncpcxi(nnn can, ui:numn,
: o(noro ouy, panniou:acn4ni npnnunnn, a : inmoro ncuni
apououi pncn.
38
nu ui(oo, (pyra no:ounna XVIII c. uuc nc uxo(ni u cnoxy
apouo, xo4 y c:ou`unciuoy cuii cui ocannio unuun:ncu (o
cni po:nnn {no4nnau4n : uinuu XVI c. y Ho:imi n uin
4au4n ccpc(nnou XIX u Bo:rapi). Cuauio, u yupanciuin :ic
paypi cnoxa apouo :aucpmycicu uop4icu Cuouopo(n i nouuou
no4auciuoro Boror:acnnua. B Poci u, (c ui(yuaucu po:unou
yupanciuoro nccuua, ui(ipuanoro ui( noro acpnuouo 4ac
nnn, nic:u:oonociuciunn i nic:upacpc::iuciunn ncpio( auou
ino(i xapaucpn:ycicu uu ocannin, :ayxau4nn can apouo,
uunn yuc u:acnc nc na:cuni cnoci apouo, a:c nou`u:annn :
unuopncannu oupcnx xy(ounix :acoiu cn:u apouo. Hu cn
:ioua cnyauiu c npnpo(nou, a(uc nonuu cnoxn i cn:u, uu
npaun:o, o4no nc :irauicu. 3oupca, icopn4nnn cn:i ouc
ncpcaran cnoxa:ini uop(onn, nc :nnuau4n panouo, : ncp
mnn uncuncnnn upouan nouoro cn:u. Y cai Hpo:cn
c:ou`unciuoro apouo, ouinuu4n po:i (anoro cn:u u no(a:i
moy po:unuy nccuua, O. I. Porou :a:na4ac, mo apouo, y
(y4n ncpcoucnn a ui(cynyn na :a(nin n:an inmnn xy(ou
nin cnccan, nc i:iun o(pa:y nc :(a:o cuox no:nuin, a n
:a:nmn:o r:nounn c:i( y uy:iypnoy uni c:ou`unciunx upa
n, caumn ncun4cpnnn (ucpc:o i u pu(i unna(uiu :pa:uo
(:u xy(ounnuiu a nncicnnnuiu nacynnnx cnox
1
. H. O. Icpa
cnouaHcpcn(ciua y cai C:ouo i y:nua u XVII co:ii
ni(upcc:uc. ncupaunn cna:ax uop4oci u apouounx xy(ounix
qopax ui(upnu m:ux (o ucpmnn ui4n:nuno y:nun ni:nimnx
ncpio(iu
2
.
Po:no4nnau4n nouy cnoxy u po:unuy ui4n:nunoro y:n4noro
nccuua, naupcc:uu4n m:uxn, uunn ni(yi i Bopnunciunn,
i Bc(c:i, i crupiou, i arao inmnx uono:nopiu, Vaucn
Bcpc:ouciunn uo(no4ac yu nou`u:annn : noncpc(niou cnoxou.
Horo in(nui(ya:innn cn:i qopyuaucu na pi:nocn:iouoy ncpc
xpcci. Hc y:o un:na4cno uu can 4aco, na uunn npnna(ac
uop4ici uono:nopa, au i cncunqiuou noro iorpaqi, a(uc
nau4annu a unuonauciua (iu:inici Bcpc:ouciuoro :ac:nc4n:n
1
Pooe 4.H. Hpo:e+u c:aeucnoo aponno ,, C:aeucnoe aponno: Hcnopnnonq:o
nqpuue npo:e+u onoan. M., I070. C. I2.
2
Iepacn+oeaHepcn0cona H.O. C:oeo / +qsnna e X\II cn. ,, Vnpaiucone :/nepanqpue
apono: 3. uaqnoena npao. E., I087. C. 272.
39
onanyuannu nn pi:nopi(nnx y:n4nnx n:aciu ui4n:nuno xo
pouo y:nun ucpuouno pa(nui {:ra(ano I:yxiuciuy muo:y,
Hpn(uopny cniuauiuy uanc:y), :axi(nocuponcnciuo apououo no
:iqoni {nau4annu y u. B. Vapini i mc panimc y u. Hon
nica), ia:inciuo oncpn a incpycna:ino y:nun u:acnuncn
4noro cnpuyuannu {Opaninayciunn cap, a :ro(o Ia:iu).
Hpn uioy :ucpnio yuary na c, mo uu copcn4nc i npaun4nc
:acuocnnu pi:nocn:iounx xy(ounix uunm, au i uop4ici Bcpc
:ouciuoro y xpono:ori4noy n:ani 4iuo nc ui(opauyui pyxy ui(
apouo (o u:acnun:y. Tau, nic:u noucpncnnu : Ia:i, oo uuc
nic:u nanncannu Conan (:u cupnnun i 4ca:o a coqon
a uopiu : panniou:acn4nou cn:iouou (oinanou, uono
:nop npo(ouuyc uopnn y :un4nin (:u nioro cqcpi ucpuouno
y:nun, uua u ccpc(nni 7ux pouiu XVIII c. mc (a:cuo nc no
:y:acu apouounx npnnunniu oprani:aui.
Cu:a(nou, a ou:nuo, i u:ara:i c:ncpcncununou npo:c
ou c po:r:u( cn:iouo cuo:uui u xopouin cna(mnni V. Bcpc
:ouciuoro. Hpoc no(ini cnpon aui icuc y y:nuo:nau4in
:icpaypi. Tau, V. Pnuapcua y ui(oin onorpaqi, npncuu4cnin
uono:nopoui, naaracicu na ocnoui cn:iounx o:nau no(an
ncpio(n:auiu noro uop4oci. Ha (yuy (oc:i(nnui, :na4nnn cn
:iounn cpnou ui( napccnoro uonucpy (o auoro :aucpmcnoro
:pa:ua panniou:acn4noro (yxounoro uonucpy, uun c Hc oucp
un cnc uo upcu capocn, :anounucicu iypricu a mc
(uoa uonucpan Bor ca u conc orou a ouo:c, Io
cno(n, :ay(cmn nu oc, u ro:ocouc(cnni uunx noinnn un:nu
napccnoro uonucpy. o ni:nioro u ncpio(y uop4oci uono:n
opa, oo (o ccpc(nnn 7ux pouiu, V. Pnuapcua ui(nocni pn
uonucpn Iocno(i uouapncu, B na4a:cx i, Iocno(n, :c:u
ocnoua: ccn a a uocupccnc Bor.
O(nau no(ina ncpio(n:auiu unu:nuac (cuui cyniun. Honcp
mc, uona 4acuouo cyncpc4ni oy 4acouoy opicnnpy, uunn
:naxo(no y npaui nuoa qon Hc:ina H:uccnu o y:iuc u
Poccnn i uunn n nc aco ni(cau irnopyuan. 3oupca, uon
ucp Iocno(i uouapncu, uunn Pnuapcua (ayc ccpc(nnou 7ux
pouiu, nuoo qon Hc:inn :ra(ycicu ccpc( uopiu, unuonannx
y 176S poui, oo mc (o no:(un uono:nopa u Ia:iu.
Ho(pyrc, mo(o xopouo cna(mnnn XVIII c. ncoxi(no upa
xouyuan npnpo(nc cn:iouc po:mapyuannu y uopax pi:nnx
40
uanpiu, uoucn : uunx ac cuo pa(nui, mo oyou:uui ncuni
oco:nuoci y:n4no oun a uono:nui. incno, uumo y nopiu
nunni : uonucpan iypriu Bcpc:ouciuoro ao, cuauio, :ayno
uinnnn npn4acnnn cnx B:aucnn uuc n:pa: unuu:uui i:i
mc o:nau apououoro y:n4noro nc:cnnu, uc mc nc oou`u:uouo
o:na4ac, mo ui uopn c i:im pannin :a 4aco x nanncannu.
Hopcc, nauunici y cuax o(nopi(no uanpouo rpynn, na
npnu:a(, y uonucpnin uop4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro uauuo npouccn
4iuy rpani iu apouo i u:acnun:o. 3 o(noro ouy, ni:ni {:a
Pnuapcuou) uonucpn auou nc no:au:cni apouounx pnc {caa
u (oc:i(nnuu ui(:na4ac, mo (:u uonucpy B na4a:cx i, Ioc
no(n, :c:u ocnoua: ccn xapaucpnou c ncpo:4:cnouanici no
y(ou, nacupi:na apououa n:nnnici c: y(iuunx o:nau ncpio
(n4noci, a :ara:inoy :uy4annu uonucpy a uocupccnc Bor
u:acnui :ncu i po:uimnici ouauni:o apououo upacn
1
).
3 inmoro ouy, nacui:iun nc ui(pi:nu:ncu o(nn ui( o(noro y
cn:iouoy ui(nomcnni uonucpn Bcpc:ouciuoro, uci uonn c noci
un apououoro rcny :au(uun uanpy, a(uc (yxounnn uonucp
: noro cncunqi4nnn npnnunnan qopouopcnnu uanp a
pouounn. nu ui(oo, npnnunn uonucpnoci na:cuni (o :auou
uani cnoxn apouo, uua, :a unc:ouo R. Xo:onoua, y:a cnoxou
uonucpyu4oro cn:u.
Hapcmi, cni:inou (:u araiox uopiu Bcpc:ouciuoro i na(
:un4anno noua:ouou o:nauou noro cn:u c no:iqoni4nici y:n
4noro nc:cnnu, mo auou noc(nyc noro : y:n4nou uy:iypou
apouo. Ho:iqoniu Bcpc:ouciuoro ni(nocnicu (o uncounx :pa:uiu
qyrn uu qopn ui:oro, na piucni uonucnuinno (paaypri {:nc
uy4nn npnu:a( qina: uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu
capocn na c:oua. a noci(ucu n nc4c:ny ou:cucaumnn
(ymy ou).
Bc:ncpc4no, :anoui(nnuo apouo y (pyrin no:ounni XVIII
c. :a:nmn:acu cqcpa (yxouno y:nun. Houi u (:u ui4n:nunoro
y:n4noro nccuua uanpn oncpa, incpycna:innn uonucp,
conaa, uuinc, cnqoniu, qopyu4nci u cnoxy cuponcnciuoro
u:acnun:y, npnpo(no, nac:i(yui ncpc(yci noui, u:acnuncn4ni
npnnunnn. ncupaun npnu:a(o c uop4ici npa Bopnunci
1
Puapeea M. I. Eo+nosnnop M. C. Lepesoecnn: nsuo n neop:ecneo. ., I08J.
C. I07, I00.
41
uoro. O(nau nauii y noro incpycna:innx uopax ouna no
inn o:naun apououoro nc:cnnu. Tn i:imc nc no:au:cna
nnx Conaa (:u cupnnun i 4ca:o Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. 3o
upca, uc npouu:ucicu u ccpc(nin, noui:inin, 4acnni, (c c:o(iu
po:ropacicu uu c:ncpcpunnn :ipn4nnn ono:or, :uyuounconnn
a pni4nnn a:unou uuoro nocynouo ycu:a(nucicu, ncunnnno
onou:uu4nci i couinno cuo:uuionyu4n.
3a pa(nuicu po:r:u(y cn:iounx oco:nuoccn ui4n:nuno
y:nun XVIII c., mo cu:a:acu u cy4acnin y:nuo:nau4in :icpa
ypi, n ncpm :a ucc :ucpaco yuary na oupci c:ccnn oun
a qopouopcnnu, ycna(uouani ui( apououo y:nun. B on uc
4ac ou:nunn i inmnn ni(xi( (o (ano cn, :you:cnnn inmn
nor:u(o na cyi cnoxa:inoro cn:u. incno, po:r:u(au4n apouo
uu ui:icny cnccy, ouna myuan uoncany, mo o`c(nyc u uu
cnccy (ocni pi:nopi(ni uunma uu y cqcpi qopn, au i u
cqcpi :icy. . nxa4ou y cai Bapouo a noro pocinciunn
uapian XVII co:iu cucp(uyc, mo cn:i uc qopa qop,
cni:ina qopa (:u araiox oupcnx qop, i oy uin c no
piununo i:im ui:inn ui( :icy, niu uonupcna qopa
1
.
u. Bo::ian y cai Iyani:, pcnccanc, apouo a pocinciua
:icpaypa auou ni(upcc:uc, mo u yuu:cnni npo apouo uu npo
uy:iypnoicopn4nc uunmc auicu na yua:i nacancpc( qop
a:ini ocnn npn pi:noaninoci i(co:ori4nnx ycpc:ini i a
cpia:y
2
.
Hpon:cuny (yuy : npnuo(y upncpiu cn:u :naxo(no y
npauux T. iuanouo, :oupca, y cai Hpo:ca cn:u u y
:nui XVII c., (c (oc:i(nnuu :a:na4ac, mo nou:a(ancu na aui
qopa:ini o:naun {ncxan (yuc uau:nui), uu npnnunn unqpoua
noro acy {hasso conIinuo) ao uonucpyu4nn cn:i, ncuna pi4,
nc (ouo(nicu. Bnpima:inc :na4cnnu ac :nmc xapaucp opa:iu
a uonucnuiu uopy...
8
. Y :ra(anin cai, a auou y onorpaqi
T. iuanouo 3axi(nocuponcnciua y:nua XVII-XVIII co:ii u
pu(y nccuu :naxo(no npuc :accpcucnnu ui( ucanou:cnnu
1
naa:ee (. C. Laponno n eo pqccnn eapnaun X\II eena ,, Pqccna :nnepanqpa.
I00. 2. C. JJ
2
Po::o+au 0. Iq+auns+, peueccauc, aponno n pqccna :nnepanqpa ,, Pqccnoee
ponecnne :nnepanqpuue cesn. M.: ., I0. C. JI0.
8
neauoea T.H. Hpo:e+u cnn: e +qsune X\II eena ,, neauoea T.H. Hs ncnopnn
+qsunn n +qsunosuaun sa pqeo+. M., I08I. C. 7.
42
qopa:innx :u`u:uiu iu npo:can po:unuy uanpiu i npnn
unniu y:n4noro nncia XVII-XVIII c., : o(noro ouy, a npo
:can cn:iu apouo i u:acnun:y, : inmoro.
uiucyu4n (ui no:upni o4un :opy mo(o upncpiu icopn4noro
cn:u, n cui(oo naaracocu upaxyuan on(ui, uuauau4n, mo
uonn nounnni (onounuuan o(na o(ny. Cnpau(i, y (pyrin no:ounni
XVIII c. cn:i apouo npo(ouuyc unn nc :nmc u uonupcnnx
y:n4nounpaua:innx :acoax, a n u i(cnnoxy(ounix uonucnuiux
uopiu. 3occpc(uyu4n cuin incpcc na pari4nnx cyncpc4nocux
(incnoci, aunx uu unu i ccpi, ui4nici i :innici, macu
i cyca, apouo :nanm:o :aro(annn rpyn y nccuui. 3axi(
nocuponcnciua y:nua apouo uu:u:a coou cucnpccnunnn, co
uinno nanpyucnnn cn:i, xapaucpn:yu4nci arao:na4nicu a
npouccya:inicu opa:iu, ncnxo:ori4nou nor:n:cnicu, (paan
4nou unpa:nicu i parc(innicu, cucnpccicu ncnxo:ori4noro ca
ny. O(nau yci na:uani u:acnuoci nc ci:iun xapaucpni (:u yu
panciuo a pocinciuo y:nun u:acnc apououo cnoxn, cui:iun
(:u xopouoro nccuua (pyro no:ounnn XVIII c., ncpc(yci (:u
(yxounoro uonucpy i ncpm :a ucc (:u uonucpiu Bcpc:ouciuoro
i Bc(c:u. ncupaui npnu:a(n uonucp Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc o
ucpun cnc uo upcu capocn a uonucp Bc(c:u ouo:c,
Iocno(n, :ay(cmn u. Bonn ui(noui(aui cn:u apouo uu :a
canuou, au i :a :ara:inn couinnn onyco. Y uop4oci
oox uono:nopiu r:nouo cy`cununo, u :ipnuo(paan4noy
u:u4i ui:ucicu uonq:iu nponcounnu :ipn4noro rcpou ncunn
uopoun cn:a, i(cu ui((anoci :u(nnn uncoun i(ca:a (opa
i cnpauc(:nuoci, mnpmc i(cu opa:ino cinuoci, coun:y,
mo c ucnpa:inou i(ccu yupanciuoro apouo.
Vn nc unna(uouo nocaun:n nopy4 icna Bcpc:ouciuoro i
Bc(c:u, a(uc, npn ucix ui(innocux, x uop4i oconcoci ucc
u aun unuu:uui ncuny cnopi(ncnici, uonpacyu4n, cuauio,
nocai npa Bopnunciuoro. V. Pnuapcua cnpauc(:nuo :a:na
4ac, mo Bopnunciunn, uu n a nc po:unua:ncu i nc :inu
ua:ncu npouro pnua:oro uop4oro unu noro xy(ouni yca
nouun, :a unxouannu a cccn4nnn nor:u(an :a:nmaucu u
ncpmy 4cpry u:acnunco
1
. Bcpc:ouciunn uc, uu i Bc(c:i, a
yi, na:cuau (o nny apououo :u(nnn {:ra(ano i(cu Anao:iu
1
Puapeea M. I. Eo+nosnnop (. Lopnuuconn. C. 2J.
43
Vauapoua npo c, mo apououi :u(n icnyui y y(iuuy cnoxy)
1
.
Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn, : noro na(:un4anno 4y:nuou, unon4cnou
ncnxi4nou oprani:auicu, unncycicu y ncnxo:ori4ny aypy apouo,
mo, uu ui(oo, no:na4cna cuocpi(nn, pari4no :aapu:cnn cui
oui(4yu.
3un4anno, (o qopyuannu Bcpc:ouciuoro i Bc(c:u uu pari4
nnx nocacn y namin uy:iypi cnpn4nnn:acu :ara:ina aocqcpa
x (paan4noro 4acy. 3ui(cn, :po:yi:o, n uopcni (yxouno cno
pi(ncnoci y:n4noro nccuua (pyro no:ounnn XVIII c. : :a
xi(nocuponcnciun apouo. 3ra(ano, mo yupanciuc npoqccinnc
y:n4nc nccuuo XVII c., qopyu4nci u inmin cycni:inoic
opn4nin cnyaui, u ncpio( nauiona:inoro ni(ncccnnu, a:o uc
upauo pcnccancnc :aapu:cnnu i, :po:yi:o, ui:uua:o ui(noui(ni
pncn apouo onycna:inici, nnmnici, capa:inici, uon
pacnici na pi:nnx piunux omo. a:i ncunnn uon:cuc naynx
napccnn cn:c apouounx o:nau 4acuouo ncpcxo(ni y cna(ou
(o xopouo y:nun (pyro no:ounnn XVIII c., noc(nyu4nci a
: nounn, u:acnuncciunn npnnunnan y:n4noro nc:cnnu. O(
no4acno u uioy nccuui nouo (on :`uu:uuicu noui o:naun
apouo, mo, (o pc4i, npouu:ucicu i na piuni oupcnx y:n4no
unpaua:innx :acoiu. ncupaunn npnu:a( qcnocn c:o(nun
Bc(c:u, po:uimno, uuy xo4cicu na:uan apououou, a:c uua nc
ac npunx ana:orin y noncpc(nioy, apououoy cn:i napcc
noro cniuy ao uanouoro araoro:occu.
Ouc, cn:i apouo : noro mnpounn xy(ouniounpaua:i
nnn ou:nuocun nopi:noy npopocac u yupanciuin y:nui
XVII a XVIII co:ii, auya:i:yu4nci nn 4n inmnn rpanun
ui(noui(no (o cncunqiun pi:nnx icopnuouy:iypnnx cnyauin i
:naxo(u4n pi:noaninc ui(opaucnnu u in(nui(ya:innx uono
:nopciunx cn:ux.

1
(ne.: Manapoe 4. M. Ce/n:o qnpaiuconoo apono. E., I001.
44
E. Lep0euunnoea
O HHTAHHH HPO VXOBHV CHTVAHIR
B POCI XVIII CT.
Xopounn uonucp V. Bcpc:ouciuoro uc uunmc, mo unnn
u:o na rpyni napccnoro uonucpy, : o(noro ouy, i uo(no4ac
uuicno nouc. Bncpmc u pocinciuoyupanciuin y:n4nin uy:iypi
(yxouni uopn ui:uui in(nui(ya:inici auopa, c:noccpc(nici
noro no4yiu, oconcc ncpcunuannu i:innnx cuuciu, mo uc(c
4cpc: u (o Bora. Y :na4ymoci uouno 4acnnn ui(4yuacicu
:u`u:ou : pa(nuinnn (:u (yxouno y:nun :axi(nocuponcnciuoro
apouo pnopn4nn po:(i:cnnu. Ionucp npnnic : coou cupo
ncnciuy qopy, uanpoui ana:ori : oco, (yxounn uonucpo,
(yxounou uanaou ia:inciunx i oco:nuo nicuiunx uono:no
piu, cuponcnciui npnnunnn unu:a(y {iiauinna no:iqoniu, qyra),
cy`cununc pauyuannu i:innnx cuciu. nui caopqo:n no
unnni y:n ui(yncu u ucpuui, mon cnpnnnun uc ui:uo npn
po(no?
Hc y(co opuancu c:cnoccpc(nio y:nun uonucpiu
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. B ucnpi namo yuarn cnyauiu, mo cu:a
:acu u pc:irinnoy uni, :inn u oroc:ouciuin (yui i u:ara:i
(yxounoci uu auin u Poci XVIII c., uui nc or:n nc un:nnyn
na :ara:innn nacpin i uop4ici nuiu.
A ui :inn y:n no(ini (o uaacpoqn. I ncpmn cano
ca:a ncpouciua pcqopa u:a(na n uopcua cnpoa (cpuauno
ccuy:upn:aui, :au(uun uuin, na (yuy npooicpcu Icopriu u:o
pouciuoro, no4aucu cnpauunin pocinciunn po:uo: iu B:a(ou i
Hcpuuou
1
.
Aco:una (cpuaua no:au:uc Hcpuuy caocinnoro uo:a
cnpau i uop4o iniuianun nauii y (yxounnx nnannux. Ycc uc
ni(nopu(uouanc (cpuaunin ucnpa:i:aui. 3ancpc4ycicu nc:a:cu
nici ucpuounnx npau a nounouaucni caa :nmc (yua npo
1
Hpon. 0:opoeconn. I. Hqnn pqccnoo ooc:oen. Penpnunue en0. Hapn,
I0J7: Enie, I00I.
45
nnx oro:omycicu nani:o. B napo(no(cpuaunoy uni Hcp
uui ui(uo(nicu icuc : o4un :opy uopncnoci n nopcn. Bpauac
no(inici nouoro cuior:u(y, :aqiucouanoro u yxounoy pcr:a
cni, (o ccuy:upncciuoro pyxy u Hic44nni ncpio(y Pcqopaui.
Bn unna(uoua uu ana:oriu?
Y yxounoy pcr:acni a ucin nacynnin pcqopi unu
un:ncu nor:u(n n oconci cnnai x auopa o(nic : nan
un:nuouimnx qiryp ncpouciunx 4aciu ucoqana Hpouonoun4a.
nu unu:a(a4 ninun i pnopnun u Inuciuin aua(ci, uin
mc nc ui(cynac ui( npnnnunx ucpiunnuu, o(nau o(pa:y pimy4c
npoccyc npon no:iciunx pnopn4nnx ancp i npnnoiu npo
noui(nnuua. 3aici no:icunx ua:no(cnmuou pa(ni 4nan
3:aoyca. 3 ncnauncu ui(un(ac poanicn4ny y4cnici. unuciui
poanicn, :annou ryi npnapaumnc, noro oypuui. O(nau,
uopor nani:y, ca uin mc i:im (a:cunn ui( npauoc:au`u. uco
qan ucci y Pcqopaui, u nouin y4cnoci. Bin arao n :a:uun
uopncycicu inouipnnn unnran, a:c unnrn ui npoccanciui
{Aan( Ho:anciunn, Icprap(), uin (yuc na4nana :u(nna, uua
ui:ino opicnycicu u cy4acnin oroc:ouciuin :icpaypi, ac oco
nci :u`u:un : nicuiunn oroc:ouan. Tuopn ucoqana nponn
:ani :axi(nn (yxo, (yxo Pcqopaui uin nc c, mo npn
nuac, a na:cuni (o npoccanciuo cxo:acnun XVII c. Oci
noro nocy:an.
Cuuc nncio (ucpc:o uipoy4cnnu, cao(ocouipnc n
cao(ocanc,
Cuuc nncio nopcyc :ya4cnnu n ana:i:y,
na(innimc :a ucc :ya4nn Cuuc nncio 4cpc: caoro
ccc, mo nc :nn:nn piunu (ocouipnoci,
:au(annu oroc:oua :uo(nicu (o :icau:cnnu n po:no(i:y
cuciu.
Ty c:i(o :a cuon :axi(nnn u4nc:un ucoqan rouopni
npo qopa:innn xapaucp oroc:ouciuo nayun.
u(nna po:na n onopo4cna rpixona(innu, on:yana
rpixo. Ho:oncna n :nccn:cna caa uo:u. Cnacinnu :(incnu
cicu 4cpc: uipy {!), a cnpaun :u(nnn nc aui niuuo (inouo
cn:n...
nun na ucoqanounx pauaax nc cou:o icni pocinciuoro
cnicuona, o ouna y:o npnnnun auopa :a npoqccopa uuo
roncy(i npoccanciuoro oroc:ouciuoro qauy:icy.
46
Hpo ucoqaniu npoccann: cy4acnnun rouopn:n nc pa:.
A:c noro (yuy po:(i:uu ca uap, oy ucuunn, xo nauaunucu
:unnyuann ucoqana, yu n, no cyi, unnnnn u opaucnni
Horo Bc:n4noci. Hc y Pcr:acni uc(cicu opoia : npa
uoc:aunn apnopacuo. ucoqan niuo:n nc npnxouyuau cuoc
ui(pa:n (o opu(noci, 4y(cc, acucn4nnx no(unriu i cao icpapxi,
ui(4yuau4n ccc ccpc( uc:nuopocinciuoro (yxoucncua npnm:cuo
n nno:cuc.
B:ara:i (o caoro uouapinnu C:n:aucn Hcpiunn npoccan
n: yu ni( ncunn noupounc:icuo (cpuauno u:a(n i nauii
(cpuaunnx :auoniu. Hcpouciunn ypu( na(o 4aco roounn yu
ooounnn incpccn npoccaniu :i cuon incpccan, cuopnn
upaucnnu, mo npauoc:au`u i npoccann: :cruo cyicni, mo
npauoc:au`u uc uunnci cuocpi(nnn noipnnn i pnya:icn4nnn
npoccann:. 3ro(o Iacpnna II ucp(n:a, mo ncac anuc
niuuo pi:nnui iu npauoc:au`u i :ucpancuo
1
.
Ipi uioro, ucoqan :anpononyuau y Pcr:acni cnccy
oroc:ouciuo ocuin, uopa ui(irpa:a :na4ny po:i y :ini ucpuou
noro nc:cnnu. Hporpaa mui:inoro nau4annu cnnpa:acu na npn
u:a(n ui(onx ucoqanoui y4ounx :au:a(iu y Cuponi a Va:o
poci, uonupcno nx, u uunx uin ca nau4aucu, uc Inuciua
aua(ciu i Pnciua uo:criu cu. Aqanaciu. 3anpoua(ucnnu mui:
cao no coi y:o, c:youno, no:nnunn uunmc. Inmo no(ino
cpcui ocuin u Poci nc y:o. Hi muo:n oprani:ouyua:ncu :
po:paxynuo na cuopcnnu n unxouannu nouo nopo(n (yxoucncua.
O(nau :a nporpaou uc y:n :ara:inoocuini muo:n, i oroc:iu`u
unu4a:ocu a :nmc u ocannioy u:aci. A (o nioro, :un4anno,
(oxo(nu ncarao xo. O(ni :a:nma:n uypc :a ncu:unc nayu,
:a ncnonunc y4cnnu, inmnx {4aco upamnx) ui(u:nua:n y
cuiciuy uoan(y ao npoco u npnua:nnn 4nn.
Cac y cqcpi oroc:ouciuin i qi:ocoqciuin icnyua:a no(uinna
py(nici nau4annu. noncpmc, uauuo i ni(c y:o napan nco
xi(no ui:iuoci u4nc:iu, unpaunnx u coucpmcnncnmnx y4cnnux.
Y Va:opoci muo:n icnyua:n (auno i u4nc:iu :anpomyua:n :
Incua. Byu 4ac, uo:n apxicpc a apxian(pnn y:n i:iun a
:opociunn inmn nc (o:uo:u:ocu. Ouc, u icopi (yxouno
muo:n ncpouciua pcqopa o:na4a:a yupani:auiu u npuoy
1
Hpon. I. 0:opoeconn. Hqnn pqccnoo ooc:oen.
41
a yuua:inoy po:yinni, a uy:iypa, uua ui( 4aciu Hcpa un:a
n po:unua:acu u Poci, :a c:ouan un. V. Tpycuiuoro, ca:a
c:noccpc(ni npo(ouucnnu nc ocuouciuo, a unuciuo, yupa
nciuo, uy:iypn
1
.
Hpnu(ui : Incua (nun:ncu na cuox unxouanuiu uu na (n
uyniu, : uunn npc:npcuo cau:u4nci (o x upann. Y4nu uc
muo:a :(aua:acu 4yuou, uuouci :annono:iciuou uo:onicu na
pi(nin :c:i i nc :naxo(n:a ui(ryuy u xnix ccpuux. o oro u
uona :(aua:acu aco:uno ncnopinou : npoqccinno o4un :opy.
Y uioy no:ura:a (pyra py(nici. Bi( c:ou`unciuo oun a
anuc ui(unu:n nauii cucn Cuuoro nncia nan4acimc na
uo(n:ncu :annou. Ipaanua, pnopnua n ninua y:n :ann
ciui, pocinciua pnopnua npnc(nyua:acu :na4no ni:nimc. oxo(n:o
(o oro, mo y4ni nc ui:n o(pa:y nanncan pocinciuou ouou,
a unc:ou:uua:n cuou (yuy cno4auy :annou, a noi ncpc
u:a(a:n na pocinciuy. Hauii pocinciui noucncnnu u4nc:iu uonn
:anncyua:n :annou ao i: :a:y4cnnu uc:nuo ui:iuoci :ann
ciunx c:iu.
Y nounx ccinapiux oroc:iu`u unu4a:n :a Auuinao, qi:o
coqiu unu:a(a:acu ncpnnacn4na, apicoc:iuciuocxo:acn4na :a
ni(py4nnuan no:iciunx c:yiu.
Y (pyrin no:ounni co:iu y:n ony:iuouani nc:aucpmcni
:anncun Hpouonoun4a, i (o :annciuoro nau4annu npnc(naucu mc
n noro npoccanciunn un:nu. Vanuc o(no4acno u oroc:ouci
uoy unu:a(anni ncpcxo(ui ui( Auuinaa (o ucoqana, a y qi
:ocoqi ui( Apicoc:u (o Bo:iqa. yuc cuopo (o un:nuy
:annciuo a caponpoccanciuo cxo:acnun npnc(nycicu nouc
uiunnu nicn:.
B pc:y:iai ui(yuacicu po:pnu iu mui:inn oroc:iu`u
a ucpuounn (ocui(o. o:n:ncu mc c:ou`unciuou ouou, a o
roc:oucuyua:n uuc :annou, i ncui(oo, xo yu i:imc nopi
nnn ucpuui, nca:npnnu, uunn : (nnncua c:yunu npn ucpuui
i npaun4no unu4nu 4nannu a cniu i ycau, 4n :annnnu :i
muo:n, uunn :au4nu :nmc ui:iua uouay: i :annciui q:cuci.
Hui:inc oroc:iu`u unuun:ocu 4yun, no:au:cnn rpyny, i uc
yu, o4cun(no, nanpari4nimnn ni(cyou ncpouciuo pcqopn.
Y (pyrin no:ounni co:iu ccnncna:inc uo:iqiancuo i
1
Hpon. I. 0:opoeconn. Hqnn pqccnoo ooc:oen.
48
nicn: y oroc:iu` cxpcmyuicu : icn4nn un:nuo aconcua
y cuiciunx uo:ax.
Hcpmi aconciui :oui :`uun:ncu mc :a Hcpa uc y:a
noua po:uara, mo npnnm:a i: 3axo(y. Y (pyrin no:ounni co:iu
aconcuo cac nacinnou nopcou pocinciunx inc:cuya:innx
ui: uc y:a nopca u ccnci i npau(i unu, ui(nan(cnni uny
pimnio Hcpuun upi:i ancuo i opu(. Bi(yuacicu (yxounc
ui(po(ucnnu, :a c:ouan B. I:u4cuciuoro, napoucn: couicno
(yun. Icopn4na :na4ymici pocinciuoro aconcua no:ura:a y
ncnxo:ori4nin acuc:i a :npanni (ymi. Pocinciua (yma noucp
acicu (o ccc : inoyu.
3ounimnioro oromanyuannu no ui(nomcnnu (o Hcpuun a
conn nc nopymyua:n. Barao xo : nnx unuonyuau yci ucpuouni
opu(n, inmi nano:ura:n na nc(oopuanoci pc:iri rpcuiuo. Hpa
uoc:aunnn opu( npnua:uuau x aracuo opa:iu i pa(nuicu
cnuo:iu, uua cura:a ann4no (aunnnn. Bcuunn cnuo: (:u a
cona c :nau, npoui(na :opu, (oporouua:, uin nparnc (o o:na4yua
noro, ui( un(noro (o ncun(noro. Hc nomyun icnnn u caoy
coi, ncpuo:(annoro opa:y Bouoro {nopiununo u nicuiuin
icnui. ...(an Bory yn u oi Boro
1
).
Ha uincui 7ux pouiu aconciunn pyx oxon:uc yucci o(imnin
uy:iypnnn map. Y 1776 poui Bc:nua nccpyp:iua npouinuinna
:oua uuc o`c(nyc 1S :ou. Ccpc( aconiu, upi Iuana C:arina
{ucpyu4oro cnpauan incpaopciunx capiu), Vnuo:n Hounuoua,
Horanna Huapua, uui u pi:ni ncpio(n o4o:uua:n aconciunn pyx,
:naxo(no Hapnmuina, Iypauina, onyxina, Tpycuiunx, Io:iun
na, Po:youciunx, O:cyq`cua, Hcpaoua, Boponuoua, Taimcua,
Typrcncua, Xcpacuoua, Iaa:cu a in. o aconciunx ui: yu
:n:iunn i I. Cuouopo(a, u ycuuoy pa:i uin na:cuau (o oro
u icn4noro nny.
pyra no:ounna co:iu u:ara:i no:na4cna poann4noic
n4nn ni(ncccnnu. Hc 4ac unnnuncnnu n po:unuy ucix ocnou
nnx pocinciunx ccu {x:ncn, cuonui, (yxoopn, o:ouann), 4ac
cuopcnnu nocc:cni nicuiunx ccuaniu rcpnrycpiu, cnonn
iu, opauciunx paiu, i:imici uunx ncc:n anoua:inn4ny
pin:nuici, 4aco npunn a(ucnn:, cxn:inici (o inocua:ani
a (yxounoro :ya4cnnu C:oua Bouoro.
1
Jnaapn M. (qaoeuue nponoee0n n paccq0eun. Penpnunue en0auu, I0I2. M.,
I00I.
49
3ar:n:cnnu araiox nc:u4nx :u(cn y icnun: a a
concuo y:o nac:i(uo (ymcunoro cpau(annu, cnpn4nncnoro pc
:irinnn ::ao XVIII c. Han4acimc cni:uyuannu : Boro
ucanou:ucicu nc u ycanouax 4n ucpuuax, a u r:nnnax o(n
nouoro ccpuu, aunn yu ni(cyou uacpnnnnciuoro 4acy nic:u
ucix ncpnncin XVIII c., xo4a uc nc mo inmc, uu i(cu ua:iui
ni:y, cqopy:iouana oy(cno
1
.
Caonici, pcq:cuciu, i(c :anuo :u(nnn i unypimnio
nycc:i uc yu pc:irinnoncnxo:ori4nnn :cyu. Hc y:a cnoxa
ccnncna:i:y. npcupacna (yma cac napa(ouca:ino upa::n
uou, :(pnracicu i pcni ui( nancnmoro mcpcxy u yi.
Cy`cununc nccuuo, uuc rouopni npo Bora i : Boro, nccy4n
noro ui( ccpuu (o ccpuu, uc nc mo inmc, uu nopca 4acy,
npouu yuopincnoro uuc npoccann:y, qi:ocoqi uipn i no4y
u cnoxn.
/nepanqpa
1. M. Peep. Hpoccancuau +nua n (yx uanna:n:a , H:p. npon:u.
V., 1uuu.
2. Vaconcuo u cro npom:o n nacoumc , Pc(. C. H. Vc:irynoua n
H. H. Cn(opoua. T. 1. CH HIHA, 1uu1.
8. P. 0 Heeunnn. H: ncopnn ron:cnun. I., 1uuS.
4. Hpon. I. 0:opoecnn. Hyn pyccuoro oroc:ounu. Pcnpnnnoc n:(.
Hapnu, 1u87, I., 1uu1.
. M. Jnaapn. yxounic nponouc(n n paccyu(cnnu. Pcnpnn. n:(., 1u12.
V., 1uu1.

1
Peep M. Hponecnauncna onnna n 0qa nannna:ns+a , Hspauuue nponsee0eun.
M., I000.
50
M. Pp:euno
AHPIH PAHHHCLKHH TA MAKCHM
LEPE3OBCLKHH ]CTHHICTHHHI HAPAHEHI|
Ccpc( yupanciunx uono:nopiu XVIII c. V. Bcpc:ouciunn
noci(ac nanuau:nuimc icuc. Hc :you:cno uo:oca:inn uu:a(o
nuu y po:unou cn:iu i uanpiu y:nun Yupann a Poci
XVIII c. Vn :naco, mo uop4a nocai Bcpc:ouciuoro nc ouc
yn npc(cau:cna y nounoy ocu:i 4cpc: pau (ouycna:innx
acpia:iu npo noro unu a :ary:cny y:n4ny cna(mnny. A:c
qirypa Bcpc:ouciuoro aua arao:na4na, mo :a4in:uc uc:nuy ui:i
uici npo:c icopn4noro n copcn4noro y:nuo:naucua, uui
ouyi yn po:u`u:ani ao nauii i:iun nopymcni :nmc :a na
uunoci qaun4nnx (annx. Toy au uau:nuo cioro(ni ui(nann
upa4cni acpia:n npo caoro Bcpc:ouciuoro a noro oo4cnnu i
uuccn x (o nayuouoro oiry.
Y npononouanoy napnci n cnpoyco opunyncu unouiu
uop4oci Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro.
B (oc:i(ucnnux na uu cy po:r:u(acicu (ocni uy:iuc
uo:o uunm, mo cnpnu:n qopyuannu qcnocny Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Hc, uu npaun:o, yupanciunn niccnnnn qo:iu:op, uanoua i nap
ccna uop4ici, uui uin :nau mc : (nnncua, i :nmc inuo:n
:axi(nocuponcnciua y:n4na uy:iypa, un:nu uuo ui(nocui (o
ni:nimoro 4acy.
Y uioy :u`u:uy xoi:ocu nara(an mc o(nc iouipnc (uc
pc:o qopyuannu uop4o oconcoci Bcpc:ouciuoro. H(cicu npo
(iu:inici An(piu Pa4nnciuoro, uunn npauuuau uanc:icnccpo
uanc:n rciana Inpn:a Po:youciuoro y I:yxoui y ux pouax
XVIII c. 3 178 p., uo:n A. Pa4nnciunn ucynnu na c:yuy (o
I. Po:youciuoro, xy(ounin piucni uanc:n au :pic, mo uon
ucpn u Vocuui a inmnx icax Poci npoxo(n:n : uc:n4c:nn
ycnixo. A:c ycnix uanc:n :a:cuau nc i:iun ui( uuoci unuo
nannu, a n ui( ic nouo y:nun, mo cuopuuau ucpiunnu
uanc:n An(pin Pa4nnciunn.
3nacnnn y Poci pcrcno na:nuac Pa4nnciuoro Curcn
51
Bo:xouiinou
1
, a mucnuapciunn (oc:i(nnu P. Voo:cp ui(:na4ac
::aro(ucnici :uy4annu a oco:nuy ancpy cniuy xopy, :n:iuy
(o uao:nuiuo, mo, :a noro c:ouan, ni(uopn:a I. Po:youci
uoro. oc:i(nnu nnmc. ...Iiyu4n cn:i y:nuaniu, y uunx uin
u4nucu, uin {A. Pa4nnciunn. M. P.) nanncau ui:iua (yxou
nnx n`cc a cappclla u uunx noro npncnnn c:o(n4nnn cn:i au
uc:nunn ycnix, mo (o:uo:n:o noy ui(upnn (:u co:nui ia
:inciunn cau
2
. Iouopu4n npo uao:nuiuy ancpy, (oc:i(nnu,
iouipno, au na yua:i incpycna:innn xapaucp xopouo y:nun
Pa4nnciuoro. Ho u (o ia:inciuoro cauy, o, cuopimc :a ucc,
y i(cicu npo nounn (:u yupanciunx y:nuaniu u:acnuncciunn
cn:i xopouo y:nun, mo :na4nou ipou uonpacyuau i: pa
(nuinnn (:u Yupann oro 4acy apououn napccnn cniuo.
Bcpc:ouciunn no4au cniuan u opanicnayciuin uanc:i uc:n
uoro unu:u Hcpa uc(opoun4a, :a (ouycnan, : 17S p. Hcpc(
n uin ui:iua pouiu ir nau4ancu y Inuciuin aua(ci. Ouc,
naniouipnimc, mo uin ncpcyuau y I:yxoui cac u on 4ac, uo:n
a po:ropnyu cuou (iu:inici A. Pa4nnciunn, ao n nauii ir
pan y4aci y unuonanni noro uopiu {a(uc y nioro y:n un
nuuoui uoua:ini (ani, uui (o:uo:n:n noy :ro(o cniuan co:ini
napi y npoui(nnx ia:inciunx oncpax). Tau :nanocuo o:o(oro
Bcpc:ouciuoro : xopouou y:nuou u nouoy u:acnuncciuoy cn
:i ui(y:ocu cac u I:yxoui mc :a noro (nnncua i nou`u:anc
uono : icnc An(piu Pa4nnciuoro.
Bi(ooci npo An(piu Pa4nnciuoro (aui anuc uci cnunu
:onc(i, a (aunimi : nnx nauii xapaucpn:yui noro uop4ici.
Hpoc (oci nc y:o ui(oo uo(noro uopy uioro uono:nopa.
Toy na(:un4anno uau:nun yuu:ucicu ui(nan(cnnu pyuonncy
(uox xopounx uonucpiu A. Pa4nnciuoro y qon(ax pyuonncnoro
ui((i:y Hcnpa:ino nayuouo i:iocun i. B. Bcpna(ciuoro
HAH Yupann. Hi noni acpia:n, nc:uauau4n na x ncnounoy,
ucc u (aui yuu:cnnu npo pncn cn:u A. Pa4nnciuoro i (o:uo
:uui :ponn ncuni uncnouun mo(o x ou:nuoro un:nuy na
1
Lo:aoennnuoe E. Hoeu onun ncnopn:ecnoo c:oeap o poccncnna nncane:a ,,
(pq npoceeeun. M., I80. . C. I.
2
Mooser F.4. 4nna/es oe /a nns/qne et oes nns/c/ens en Fnss/e an I8 s/ec/e. 1. 2.
Cenere, I018. I. 8.
52
uop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Ii:iua c:iu npo unu i (iu:inici
An(piu An(pinoun4a Pa4nnciuoro.
Hapo(nucu uin 172u p. y ici Aurycouo na Hi(:ummi Bi:i
ciuoro capocua. Hoxo(nu : no:iciuo m:uxcciuo po(nnn, uu
:a:na4cno y I. Vn:opa(oun4a, ni( rcpo ncpcua
1
. 3
17u p. uin c:yunu pcrcno uanc:n :iuiuciuoro npono:na
iua Hcnnuiuoro, :ui(un 178 p. ncpcnmou na c:yuy (o rci
ana Inpn:a Po:youciuoro y I:yxiu. 1768 p. Pa4nnciunn ui(
xo(ni ui( y:n4nnx cnpau i npn:na4acicu connuo nouropo(
ciucpciuo coni Capo(yciuoro no:uy. To(i u :au(uun o(pyucnnu
na naccpnui nuoua Vapuoun4a, n:cinnnui npono:na Pu:an
ciuoro i Vypociuoro Ccqana nuopciuoro Vapnni, uin po(n
4acicu : yupanciuou rcncpa:inou capmnnou. Y 6ux na
no4. 7ux pp. :naxo(nucu y nar:u(i uancnnx :auo(iu. 17Su p.
Pa4nnciunn cac yn4yuoun ouapnmc, a 17S1 p. npn:na4acicu
ro:ouou cnapacny ucpxnio pacnpaun Houropo(Ciucpciuoro
naicnnuua. 17S p. uin opnyc 4nn uo:c:iuoro acccopa,
17S6 na(uipnoro pa(nnua i n(c y ui(cauuy u 4nni uo:c:iuoro
pa(nnua
2
.
3un4anno, a(inicpanuna pooa nc (aua:a ou:nuoccn
(:u n:i(no uono:nopciuo uop4oci. Hpoc Pa4nnciuoro :na:n
n uinyua:n :a noro y:n4nnn xnc, a npn naro(i n unuopnco
uyua:n. Tau, : 176u no 17Su pp. uin no iunoy yua:y :(nu
(ccui pa:iu no ycin Va:opoci i unnpau (o unco4anmoro uopy
niu4nx
8
. Bi(onn i naip cniuauiu 17uu p., (c :a:na4cno, mo
npcu(c ccro u no(onoy i:paniu i ocun(cc:icuouaniu ro:ocou
i: r. Ha(uopnin Coucnnu Pa4nncunn uau ncuycnin u auouo
uiopc
4
.
nu un(no : or:u(y iorpaqi4nnx acpia:iu, nanaununima
uono:nopciua (iu:inici A. Pa4nnciuoro npnna(ac na ccpc(nny
a (pyry no:ounny ux pouiu XVIII c., oo cac na on 4ac,
1
Mn:opa0oen: I. 4. Po0oc:oeua nuna :epunoecnoo 0eopucnea. T. I. u. 2. CH.,
I00I. C. 1I-12.
2
HIH4. 0. IJ1J, on. 28, 8. (enapna+eun epo:o0nn. Pa:nucnne: Hpoq.
O:o:/u O. 4u0p/ Pa:nuconn ,, Ham/ 0u/. I01J, 0. oe/e.
8
Hpoq. O:o:/u O. 4u0p/ Pa:nuconn ,, Ham/ 0u/. I01J, 0.
4
epan/econn (. Ha/p n/e:na q I700 po/ e Ma:opoc/i 0: npn0eopuoi nane:n ,,
Mqsnna. I021. I-1. C. J0.
53
uo:n Bcpc:ouciunn au ncpcyuan y I:yxoui. Hpnnycuaco, mo
cac u ucn 4ac i y:o cuopcno i uonucpn, uui n ana:i:yco.
oci y:n ui(oi :nmc (ui na:un uonucpiu A. Pa4nnciuoro {non
uunx imc nc ui(nan(cno). Pa(ynccu Bory, noomnnuy namcy
i Bo::u:u Tu, Iocno(n. Tcncp ui:iuici ui(onx uopiu A. Pa
4nnciuoro :i:imycicu mc na (ua uopn. Cuaui i, Iocno(n,
uon4nny ou a Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn. nu
ui(oo, on(ua uonucpn nou`u:ani u namin yuui : uop4icu (uox
un:na4nnx yupanciunx uono:nopiu. Cuaun i, Iocno(n :
ui(on uonucpo . Bopnunciuoro, a Hc oucpun cnc
: rcnia:inn uopo V. Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Honi :omnn, u uunx :anncano ui (ua uonucpn, na ua:i,
nc :cpcr:n nouno ui:iuoci ro:ociu. Y uonucpi Hc oucpun
cnc pauyc napi cnopa, a u uonucpi Cuaui i, Iocno(n
cnopa n a:ia. Toy uonucp Cuaun i anuc nc ni((acicu
po:mnqpyuannu. Ho u (o uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc, o
ui:uo ou:nuo ui(uopnn (ui ocanni 4acnnn, o acpia: un
u:a(acicu, u ocnounoy, u :ara:inoxopouoy unr:u(i. Ho u (o
4acnnn, (c uc:nuou ipou unuopncouycicu co:innn unu:a( i:
iouipno i:imou ui:iuicu ro:ociu, niu 4onpn, o y(iuuc
po:mnqpyuannu yuu:ucicu na npo:can4nn.
Hopiunuu4n uonucpn Cuaun i, Iocno(n A. Pa4nnciuoro
a . Bopnunciuoro, a4no :na4ny ui(innici oox uopiu an
uc no ucix napacpax ui( unuopncannu cucy (o cnounx
4n qauypnnx xapaucpncnu. Ho u (o (uox uonucpiu ni( na:
uou Hc oucpun cnc, o x nopiunu:innn ana:i: unuu:uc aui
uiuaui pncn cnopi(ncnoci, mo nopcyc noucncni.
Oou, ncpc( nan (ua uonucpn : o(nauouou na:uou a
anuc i(cnn4nn cuco Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu ca
pocn. Hauii noucpxounn nor:u( na ui uopn unuu:uc (nuoununy
cni:inici y unuopncanni i(cnn4noro cucy, npn4oy y ui(no
ui(nnx xapaucpncn4nnx ocnax. Hanpnu:a(, cuc nuo pima
upa:i o ni i y Bcpc:ouciuoro, i y Pa4nnciuoro ni(upcc:cno
no(pincnou pni4nou qirypou, au cao uu i cuc Houcnic
i iic cro. Barao no(inoci i y cpyuypi uonucpy. 4onpn
4acnnnnn unu: uonucpy Bcpc:ouciuoro no(innn (o pn4acnn
noro Pa4nnciuoro, o u ocannioro cni:o( Bouc on, nc
y(a:ncu o cnc noy(ouannn na inmoy acpia:i, mo (ac ni(
caun un(i:un noro u oupcy 4acnny. Hapcmi, :au:u4na qirypa
54
u oox uonucpax cuocu aununou pnoinonauinnou qopy:ou
uny(ouyc uc:n4nnn, ypo4ncnn qina: ycic uono:nui. Hi uau
:nui no(inoci cuopuui upaucnnu npnnanni cn:ino :a:cu
noci o(noro : unx (uox ui( (pyroro. nuoro u? Hc nnannu nc
c pnopn4nn, a(uc A. Pa4nnciunn nocp 4cpc: 2u pouiu nic:u
ccpi V. Bcpc:ouciuoro i ui:uo ou:nuo, mo :a:na4cnnn uon
ucp unnnu ni( cn:inn upaucnnu cac orynioro Hc oucpun
cnc V. Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Hpoc ana:i: noua:yc, mo uip A. Pa4nnciuoro, ayi, ucc
aun ncpc(yuau uopoui V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Boy? Vou:nuo, oy,
mo nonpn uc:nuy no(inici mo(o qopn, inonaui, pny, cno
coiu un(i:cnnu {nouop) c:iu a inmnx ocniu, mo ::nuyui
on(ui uono:nui, xnu ui(innici (ocni cn:ina i noua:oua. Pa
4nnciunn ncpcyuac :ouci u inmin inonauinnin cqcpi, niu Bc
pc:ouciunn. Incpycna:innn nn ro:ocouc(cnnu y nioro npcua
:uc y ncpcuaunin i:imoci ro:ociu {:a unnuuo xia mo (cuunx
co:innx po:cniuiu). Iaponi4na oua npocima, no:iqoniu
un:na4cnima. Hcac y nioro i u:acn4no ucnoci a un:na4a:inoci
can4noro acpia:y. Honuu cn y Pa4nnciuoro :(ci:imoro
ui(cync ncpcuauno onunnn 4n ccuucnuinnnn po:unou (o
cni :ara:innx, a:oin(nui(ya:i:ouannx inonauin, pyxiu nc npn
uo(ni y nioro (o uuicno :inn inonaui, a ni((ac acpia:
c:ncpcpunoy uapiuuannu. Hanpnu:a(, ca qyrn :au:u4no 4a
cnnn nara(yc y:ara:incni cn rcn(c:iuciunx opaopin i no(ina
(o auo u a:oin(nui(ya:i:ouano cn qyrao uonucpy V. Bc
pc:ouciuoro Bor ca. Po:unou inonauinnoro acpia:y y Pa
4nnciuoro u ocnounoy ccuucnuinnnn : xapaucpnn ncpcrpyny
uannu nap ro:ociu npnno, mo (ocni 4aco unuopncouyuau
cu auopan napccnnx uopiu. Hc ui(4yuacicu y Pa4nnciuoro i
:oriun o(y:uuin, :icau:cni inonauinnopni4nnx c:ccniu.
Cpyuypa 4acnnn 4acimc onuno:anuurouoro nny, mo po
:(po:uc uy:iinauiu, :a:yc ncpccncunuy a c:ncpcpuno un
(o:inuc ca inonauinnopni4nnn acpia:, mo nnouo (:u
ancpiu apouo.
Ouc, aco uonucpn, mo coui na cui apououoro a
u:acnuncciuoro cn:iu. 3un4anno, uc:nua xopoua qopa : un:
na4cnou arao4acnnnicu a cyui:inn 4onpnro:occu :(aua
:acu cy4acnnua nouou, ui(innou ui( apouounx napccnnx npn
noiu. Hc (nuno, mo o(i ui uopn cnpnna:ncu uu pcuo:uuinni,
55
mo ncc:n no(nx nouoro cn:u, ui(upnua:n m:ux noun, cy4acnn
(ocurncnnu cuponcnciuo y:nun. Hc n :po:yi:o, a(uc, nau4n
umnci uononyuannu acpia:y y Pa4nnciuoro, Bcpc:ouciunn ni
mou (a:i, unuopncaumn npnnon, :ano:n4cni u ia:inciunx uo
no:nopiu a, :pcmou, unponumn u:acnnn cn:i, no:na4cnnn
uncoun (paan:o : c:ccnan parc(innoci, unupnua:inn
naqoco a opaopciuou (cu:aauinnicu.
Ionucpn Pa4nnciuoro, na nam nor:u(, arao u 4oy no(ini
(o napccnnx uono:nuin. Bonn unxo(ui : ic u cccnun no
cinnoro onou:cnnu, ucupauo npc(cau:cno u napccnnx uono:n
uiux. 3innici qop, (ocni naunnn, cxcan4nnn ccuucnuinnnn
po:unou nounnni :aoupyr:nn qopy, na(an n oi4nnx pnc.
Houa:oua :au:u4na qyra uonucpy Pa4nnciuoro, uua :ro(o canc
nnouou (:u uonucpiu Bcpc:ouciuoro, a:c na(a:i, : po:unuo
uonucpnnx qop anuc :nnunc y uop4oci Bopnunciuoro. uyra
y Pa4nnciuoro nanpo4y( npaun:ino, nauii poxn muo:upciuo
noy(oun, npoc uona nccc (ocni aununnn, cucp(uyua:innn
opa:, a xpono:ori4no c ncpmou u:acn4nou qyrou y uop4oci
yupanciunx uono:nopiu. Cac nauunici pcnpc:cnyc qaxounn
piucni uono:nopa.
Hc:uauau4n na uuni apououi cn(cnui uonucpy Pa4nnci
uoro, y ucc u unpa:no uncynaui un:na4a:ini pncn nouoro
u:acnuncciuoro cn:u. Iono:nop cpcicu :a ui(uopcnnu (pa
an4nnx, cuoponnx c, c:o(n4ni :ini co:innx cni:o(iu po:
cniuyuicu u apio:noy cn:i, :ara:inoxopoui cni:o(n aui un
:na4cnnn qynuuiona:innn xapaucp, uu i u:ara:i upynni 4acnnn
qopn. Ouc, o:o(oy Bcpc:ouciuoy y:o 4oro nau4nncu y
ui(ooro r:yxiuciuoro ancpa. I c, mo Bcpc:ouciunn (a:cuo ui
(inmou ui( cuoro y4nc:u, cui(4ni :nmc npo a:an y4nu a
youn noro uop4oci. Hpoc, c:ncpc4no, ncpmi ypoun xopouoro
nncia, uui uin opnau y I:yxoui ui( An(piu Pa4nnciuoro, nc
nny:n apno. Cac uopn Pa4nnciuoro cnpuyua:n nomyun o
:o(oro Bcpc:ouciuoro u pi4nmc nouoro cn:u, no oy m:uxy,
uunn npnuiu o:o(oro nuu (o ucpmnn uono:nopciuo an
ccpnoci.

56
I. Mancn+oea ((oueon)
XOPOBA TBOPHICTL M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO
TA HAPTECHI TBOPH M. HHEHLKOIO
((o numouua no xeeo nouemuoo
cmu M. eeaoocnoo)
B icopi yupanciuopocinciuoro xopouoro nccuua : icnc
V. C. Bcpc:ouciuoro nou`u:annn uau:nunn can canou:cnnu xo
pouoro uonucpy. yxounnn uonucp, mo ncpcunu ypx:nunn po:
uui na cui XVII-XVIII co:ii a upn:y uanpy u 8u-ui
poun XVIII co:iu, ucynnu y nouy qa:y cuoro po:unuy. 3ina
cn:iouo opicnaui uono:nopiu : apo4no cccnun na u:acn
uncciuy unpima:inn 4nno un:nny:a na ra:y:i xopouo uop
4oci, incncnqiuyuaumn nomnpcnnu cuiciunx xopounx uanpiu a
nouuy uonucpnnx qop noyouo xopouo y:nun.
Bcpc:ouciuoy unna:o nc:cruc :au(annu npo(ouunn cuo:u
uinnnn m:ux napccnoro uonucpy, unuiumn i: :ancna(y ro:ounnn
uanp y:n4noro nccuua.
Houa:ouou mo(o uioro unuun:acu uop4a iorpaqiu uono
:nopa, na uuoro ui(4yno un:nny:o y:n4nc ccpc(ounmc, u uuoy
uin :naxo(nucu. Cuoro 4acy y Inuciuin aua(ci a Hpn(uopnin
cniuauiuin uanc:i o:o(nn uono:nop :n:iuo :iunyucu : xopo
uou uy:iypou cui co:ii, a(uc napccni uonucpn y:n ucc
mc nony:upni i u ccpc(nni co:iu. Hi( 4ac nau4annu Bcpc:ou
ciunn nc ir nc no:nanonncu : Vycnunncuou rpaanuou
Vnuo:n n:cuiuoro ao o(nn : ncpcpo:cnnx uapianiu. nu
cniuau y Hpn(uopnin cniuo4in uanc:i uin (opc :nau uopn nc
:nmc cuiciuoro, a n uy:iouoro xapaucpy, o uanc:a pa:a
y4aci, upi oncpn a uonucpiu, auou i u ucpuounnx c:yuax.
Hi( 4ac oroc:yuinnu nopu( : o(noro:ocnnn :nacnnnn c:o
(iun :uy4a:n nony:upni uopn n:cuiuoro a nnmni apo4ni uo
pn yupanciunx auopiu :na4no ni:nimo cnoxn au (o ancpiu
8u-4ux pouiu I. oapauiuoro a I. cunuiuoro.
Taun 4nno, myuau4n (ucpc:a uonucpnoro cn:u Bcpc
51
:ouciuoro, c:i( no4nnan : yupanciuopocinciuo uy:iypn nap
ccnoro cniuy.
Hpc(co namoro (oc:i(nnuiuoro ana:i:y ca:n xopoui uopn
uono:nopa, o(nocanno yucp(ucni y:nuo:nauuun uu opnrina
:n Bcpc:ouciuoro. Hc (ua uonucpn Iocno(i uouapncu a
Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn i iypriu.
Hi pn :ouci nc cxoui iu coou uopn xapaucpn:yui
cuopimc uixn uop4oro m:uxy uono:nopa, niu auopciunn cn:i
: ui:n uon:cuco xapaucpnnx npnnoiu. Bi(mouxyu4nci ui(
cn:iouo opicnaui a ycic cyuynnoci y:n4nnx pnc, npauoipno
ui(nccn uonucp Iocno(i uouapncu (o pannix uopiu, a Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn po:r:u(an uu uy:iinauiu
uop4nx nomyuiu uono:nopa. Hpc(cau:uu4n pi:ni cann nc
cuiuoro m:uxy Bcpc:ouciuoro, na:uani uopn nao4no (concpy
ui nocynounn npoucc ncpcpo(ucnnu uanpy ui( napccnoro uon
ucpy (o arao4acnnno xopouo uono:nui.
nu xpono:ori4no (a:cui o(nn ui( o(noro, (ua uonucpn a
iypriu iuno a:yuicu na ocnounnx o:nauax uonucpno qopn,
mo cu:a:acu y uop4oci Vnuo:n n:cuiuoro a y:a po:unnya
noro noc:i(ounnuan. Hcpc(yci opuniocu npnnunny nouepnq
eauu, oo :inn unu:a(y, mo cuopuc qauypny (nnaiuy uo
py. Hpnnunn uonpacy, nou:a(cnnn u ocnouy uonucpyuannu, (o
curacicu m:uxo 4acoro :icau:cnnu xopouoro yi u pi:nnx
un(ax unu:a(y a anca:u. Hcn npnno npnaannnn n:cui
uoy i cac xapaucpnn (:u Bcpc:ouciuoro. O(nau cynini un
uu:cnnu uic o:naun uonucpno qopn pi:na. Y n:cuiuoro npo
ucc no(i:y cucy uono:nui na uonpacni 4acnnn noncpc(uac
u:acno y:n4ny uop4ici. B noro Vycnunncuon rpaanuc c
naparpaq ni( na:uou Hpo (ncno:nuiu, (c auop (ou:a(no po
:`ucnuc npnnunn no(i:y cucy na uonpacni noy(oun. 3a ocnouy
onpacicu cuc E(nnopo(nin cinc : y:n4nou i:ucpauicu,
u:uou : u:acnoro uopy Co:cnciuo c:yun. Toy ca
uonpac qauyp no ui(nomcnnu (o uono:nui u ui:oy nc nc
pcc:i(yuau y n:cuiuoro ncuno (paaypri4no cn. 3ouci inmy
uapnny cnoccpiraco y Bcpc:ouciuoro, (c npnnunn :icau:cnnu
cac :acoo (ocurncnnu npouccya:inoci y:n4noro po:unuy. nc
upaun npnu:a(o mo(o uioro c ncpma 4acnna uonucpy Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, nanncana :a :auonan qyrn.
Ocnounnn uonpac 4acnnn uc :uy4annu cn u ycix ro:ocax
58
xopy : iiauinnn ucyno uounoro : nnx a xopouc yi, mo
uncynac uu nponuara ocnounin ci. Xopouc yi a:ycicu na
ci nponcu:a(cnnu n unr:u(ac uu inonauinnnn i (nnai4nnn
uonpac uounoro pa:y uin :uy4ni na lorIc. Hanpnuinui 4a
cnnn nponcu:a(cnnu unpocac (o :na4cnnu (pyro cn a npo
ncau:ucicu ocnounin c:o(i.
Y pannioy uonucpi Iocno(i uouapncu uouny : 4acnn
noy(ouano na c(noci inonauinnoro u(pa, :a paxynou 4oro :ina
qauyp i :i:imcnnu acmaiu uonpacyu4nx noy(ou auou
cuopuui (nnaiuy po:unuy.
Pu( ocnounnx uono:nuinnnx o:nau uonucpiu a iypri c
pyi no4aou ui( napccnoro cniuy. Hcpc(yci (o nnx c:i( ui(nccn
po:unncny iiauinnono:iqoni4ny cxniuy a mnpouc unuopncan
nu auop(ouoro pyxy. uyra : ncpmo 4acnnn, :ra(yuana unmc, a
auou qyra : 4cucpo 4acnnn uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc uo
upcu capocn cuocu nouuou :oou`u:ani qyrouanin noy(oui
Hpnn(nc nnuo nnc nouoc : Bocupcccnciuoro uanony n
:cuiuoro. B:ara:i Bcpc:ouciunn mnpouo :acocouyc aui iiauin
nono:iqoni4ni npnnon unu:a(y, uu cpca, uanon, iiauiu, ua
noni4na ccuucnuiu, :a unnuuo nccuin4cnnoro uanony. Cxcy no
y(oun iiaui, mo cu:a:aci y n:cuiuoro i :auu(n :aucp(uy
ua:acu ui:iuoa auan raponi4noro ni(cyuy, uono:nop
npnnnuu : aco:unou o4nicu.
auoni4ni c:o(i iiauinnono:iqoni4nnx noy(ou : oou`
u:uoun uu:u4cnnu cpuounx a uuapounx xo(iu ca:n cuocpi(
nn inonauinnn qon(o n:cuiuoro. B anynioy uonn i
rpyua:n (o uopiu inmnx uono:nopiu. Hi(ucp(ucnnu uioro c
nc o(nn no:iqoni4nnn cni:o( : napccnnx uopiu ncui(onx au
opiu, uui na(pyuyua:a H. O. IcpacnouaHcpcn(ciua. o nnx
npnc(naucu i Bcpc:ouciunn. Tau, y (pyrin 4acnni iypri Hpn
(nc, nou:onncu o(na : noy(ou uanoni4no ccuucnui a:ycicu
na uuapouin nocniuui. Bona u :cuni u ocnoui iiauinnnx nc
pcryuiu a uanoni4no ccuucnui u (pyrin 4acnni uonucpy Ioc
no(i uouapncu. Y unx uopax iiauinny no:iqoniu {uu y n
:cuiuoro) npc(cau:cno :nmc u ncuc:nunx, ncpo:unncnnx cni:o
(ax. B uonucpi Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn x ana:orn
uauuo :nann, o iiauinnici uncynac u uonucpi ocnounn
:acoo unpaucnnu, nomnpuu4nci na qopouop4i npouccn. Ta
un 4nno, :`uu:uuicu qyrn, uui oxon:uui ui:i 4acnnn uopy.
59
Hcpcuon:nun npnu:a(o noc(nannu y uop4oci Bcpc:ouci
uoro pnc napccnoro a nouoro cn:iu ca:n nc uonucpn, a i
ypriu. B nin nan4acimc cnoccpiracicu qauypna cporici, un
paucna 4cpc: auop(ounn pyx y po:ipi 8,2, auou xapaucpnoy
(:u napccno y:nun.
nu cna(mnny n:cuiuoro c:i( cnpnnan unuopncannu uan
ouo qauypn u xopouoy araoro:occi uopiu Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Tpnro:ocnnn cu:a( anca:u : (y:uuannu ucpxnix ro:ociu a
acouou onopou (concpyc :cpcucnnu uanpounx o:nau uana.
O(nau, u:uumn :a ocnouy uanouy qauypy, uono:nop :na4no
mnpmc :acocouyc u nin pi:noanini y:n4ni :acon. Tau, (y
:uuannu ucpxnix ro:ociu nopu( : cpuoun cniuui(nomcnnu, uu
y uani, ui(yuacicu i u ccucy, npn4oy ocannu incpua:ina
no:nuiu unuopncouycicu :na4no 4acimc, niu cpuoua. Bo:o(innu
:a(oqynuuiona:inou auopoinopnou cnccou ui(4yno un:n
ny:o na onou:cny raponi4ny ouy Bcpc:ouciuoro y nopiununni :
n:cuiun. Opnaumn qynuuiona:inc :na4cnnu, uounnn auop(
cau o(nnnucu raponi4noro pyxy. numo u uanounx noy(ouax
n:cuiuoro :a ocnouy y:o u:uo ropn:ona:innn nn po:ropannu
c:o(i : acoun ni(nopu(uyuannu noy, o y Bcpc:ouciuoro na
ncpmnn n:an uncynac ucpnua:innn auop(ounn :pi:. Cyuynnici
raponi4nnx cpyuyp pa:o : c:o(icu anca:u i cu:a(ac u
ui:oy uanounn cni:o(. Bcpc: raponi4ny :cucnuy :na4no po:
mnpn:ncu incpua:ini nopanun (y:uu4nx ro:ociu, uui :apa:
ni(:uraui :auona ro:ocouc(cnnu. Ho4a:n unuopncouyuancu uu
npoxi(ni a (onoiuni cniu:uy44u uuapn, ccuyn(n, uuinn, pnon.
Bau:nuou pncou y:n4noro cn:u Bcpc:ouciuoro c unuopn
cannu y:n4nopnopn4nnx qiryp, onncannx y c:auno:uicnoy
pauai n:cuiuoro. 3ui(n Bcpc:ouciunn :acuou (ua pi:noun(n
cnuo:i4noro pyxy xopounx ro:ociu uo:mccunc a nn:mc
cunc. Ha npaunui x unuopncannu (a:o pi:ni uapiann uncxi(
nnx a nn:xi(nnx inonauinnnx noy(ou : pi:noaninnn incp
ua:innn xo(an. Buc :ra(yua:ncu cni:o(n uanoni4nnx ccuucnuin,
inonauinnc u(po uunx noy(ouanc na uuapounx nocniuuax. Ipi
nnx, Bcpc:ouciunn :ucpacicu i (o :auoni4nnx ccuyn(ounx, cp
uounx xo(iu.
3 mnpouo :acocouyuannx n:cuiun y:n4nopnopn4nnx qi
ryp y Bcpc:ouciuoro :naxo(no u uonucpi Hc oucpun cnc uo
upcu capocn qirypy caIahasis na c:ouax nc4c:ny. ui:cno
60
:a (onoorou noc:i(ounnx nn:xi(nnx :uyuiu. Oco:nuo c:i( un(i
:nn qirypy nocma, uua nc ci:iun ui(uopuc cyi c:oua, cui:i
un na(ac noy cnc:ouo :na4ymoci. Xocma :`uu:ucicu :auu(n
u i ocnn, uo:n u cuci n(cicu npo Bora : unuopncannu
noro icni. Vy:n4nopnopn4na qirypa nocma :auu(n u(ura
cicu u auop(ounn cu:a(, uunn uonpacyc noro no:iqoni4noy
oo4cnnu. o :inn unu:a(y y Bcpc:ouciuoro ni(u:u4auicu mc
n cpopni4ni :inn, uui pc:icqno un(i:uui cnc:ounn cni:o(.
Y uonucpi Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn auou noy
(ouou unuu:ucicu cni:o( Bor ocaun: cci cro : (pyroro po
:(i:y a no4aou Bouc on : pcioro po:(i:y. B iypri npn
:ara:inoy auop(ouoy unu:a(i qirypy nocma ui(uopcno :a pa
xynou noui:inoro pni4noro pyxy no:ounnnnn pnua:ocun.
Hanpnuinui c:i( ui(:na4nn auc. n:cuiuoro a Bcpc:ouci
uoro o`c(nyui u icopi y:nun nc :nmc pncn cna(uocnoci,
a n uop4i :au(annu, nporpccnuni (:u uouno cnoxn. Bcpc:ouciunn
:acuou pu( unpa:ounx cnocoiu a oco:nuoccn, xapaucpnnx (:u
:axi(nocuponcnciuo y:nun, unuopncaumn x (:u po:u`u:annu na
uiona:inouy:iypnnx :au(ani. Cac aunn npoucc :acuocnnu in
cpnauiona:ino uop4o cna(mnnn no4au cuoro 4acy i n:cuiunn.
Vanuc 4cpc: co pouiu Bcpc:ouciunn u:uu na ccc no(inc :au
(annu uop4oro ncpcocnc:cnnu (ocurncni cuiouo y:n4no uy:i
ypn na nauiona:inoy rpyni.

61
I. Ia+oea
HPO HPHHHHHH 3AXIHOCBPOHEHCLKO
HOHImOHI B XOPOBHX TBOPAX
M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO
B ocanni (ccunpi44u noino :pocac incpcc (o uop4oci
Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro. pyuyuicu nc ui(oi (oci noro uopn,
nauuo:o uunx po:ropauicu (ncuyci mo(o x auopcua, :`uu:u
uicu noui acpia:n npo nuu. 3ycn::un u4cnnx nocynouo
ui(nou:uuicu qaun iorpaqi namoro cniuui4n:nnua, mo pari
4no nimou : unu y po:uuii cn: i a:any.
:u o`cununo ouinun icuu Bcpc:ouciuoro u icopi yupa
nciuo i pocinciuo y:nun uau:nuc :na4cnnu ac (oc:i(ucnnu
ycix acncuiu uop4oci uono:nopa, :oupca noro no:iqoni4no
anccpnoci. Bncpmc y ui4n:nunin y:nui u ra:y:i no:iqoni
Bcpc:ouciunn (ocur nouoro piunu ocuocnnu :axi(nocuponcnciunx
qop i npou:au m:ux y anync. Y uopax uono:nopa :(in
cnucicu cnnc: (ocurncni y:n4no uy:iypn 3axo(y : pa(nui
un yupanciuoro niccnnoro nccuua, nauiona:inoro c:ocy :
cy4acnnn cuponcnciunn qopan noro no:iqoni4noro i rapo
ni4noro po:unuy.
oc:i(nnun uop4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro y cuox npauux opua:ncu
nnani no:iqoni, uonucnpyu4n yuary na :ara:innx npnnunnax
noy(oun qyrouannx qop
1
.
Bi:im (ou:a(no xapaucpn:yc oco:nuoci no:iqoni Bcpc:ou
ciuoro B:. Hpoononou na npnu:a(i xopounx uonucpiu Hc o
ucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, a uocupccnc Bor
2
.
Vn u cnpoyco unuunn npnnunnn :axi(nocuponcnciuo no
1
(ne.: Pnapcea M. Eo+nosnnop M. Lepesoecnn. ., I08J: eeamoe E., Ho:eanu 4.
M. C. Lepesoecnn. ,, Hcnopn pqccno +qsunn e 0ecnn no+aa. T. J. M., I08.
C. IJ2-I0: Pp:euno M. Hee/0o+/ neopn Lepesoeconoo ,, Pa0 +qsnna. I08,
2: Lopoenn M. Xopoen nouepn / oo neop/ ,, Icnop/ qnpaiuconoi +qsnnn.
T. I. E., I080. C. I01-20I.
2
Hponononoe P:. Hcnopn no:nqounn. Pun. . M., I087. C. J7-1I.
62
:iqoni y uopax Bcpc:ouciuoro i cuocpi(ni qopn x ui:cnnu ni(
un:nuo nauiona:innx pa(nuin.
Ha ua:i, ui(cynici qauo:ori4nnx ui(ooccn a araiox
uopiu ycu:a(nuc po:r:u( cuo:uuinnoro npouccy u uop4oci Bc
pc:ouciuoro, :oupca, y cqcpi no:iqoni. B yci 4acn uo:o(innu
nccuuo uonpanynuy y:o oou`u:uoun (:u uono:nopa i
uuaua:ocu noua:nnuo noro npoqcciona:i:y i anccpnoci. Pu(
(ucpc:, a auou ana:i: uonucpy Iocno(i uouapncu, uunn xpo
no:ori4no ncpmn (inmou (o nac, (aui ni(caun cucp(uyuan,
mo Bcpc:ouciunn (ocuona:o uo:o(iu no:iqoni4nou cxniuou mc
(o no:(un u Ia:iu. nu ui(:na4au H. Boponnuou, y (oia:inciunx
uopax uono:nopa n a4no c:cyniuni (oua:n caoynioro
a:any, (c, oupi po:yy a no4yu, cnoccpiraco unpaunici
y nncii, uua cu:a(ac nanuipnimy o:nauy o(apouannu. Ipi oro,
qyrn a inmi oco:nuoci uonucpnoro cn:u, (ocni (opc un
pnani, ni(ucp(uyui, mo u on 4ac Bcpc:ouciunn yu yuc
:nanonn : :auonan uonpanynuy a raponi
1
.
Hopiununnu uonucpy Iocno(i uouapncu i uonucpy Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, uunn (oc:i(nnun ui(nocui (o
ocannioro ncpio(y uop4oci, (o:uo:n:o unuunn :ara:ini :auono
ipnoci mo(o unuopncannu a pauyuannu :acoiu i qop, cxo
uici x cxni4nnx xapaucpncnu.
B icopi yupanciuo y:nun icnyua:a pa(nuiu ncpcuopcnnu
na ui4n:nunoy rpyni (ocurncni :axi(nocuponcnciuo uono:nop
ciuo muo:n. Ho:iqoniu icu 4n inmou ipou uxo(n:a u y(ouy
napccnoro uonucpy. Y ui4n:nunin uy:iypi y:a ui(cynu cnoxa
cpororo cn:u, xapaucpna (:u :axi(no uoua:ino no:iqoni, mo
(a:a cuioui u:acn4ni :a qopou :pa:un y:n4noro nccuua. 3
XVII c. u yupanciuin a pocinciuin y:nui acni:uuicu :acon
i qopn no:iqoni ui:inoro cn:u, oo incpycna:ino a
uoua:inoincpycna:ino no:iqoni na raponi4nin ocnoui, mo
nani:im ui(noui(a:a i(ca:a oro 4acy. o napccnnx uonucpiu
i uaniu uxo(ui no:iqoni4ni noy(oun, mo oprani4no noc(nyuicu
: inmnn nnan qauypn, uui nccyi pi:noanini unpa:oui a
qopoyuopuu4i qynuui {(nu. Bocupcccnciunn uanon, C:yuy
4onpnro:ocy n:cuiuoro, anoniny cnxnpy Couc npcuc4nin,
uonucpn Tnoua Ho:aucuoy opuccuy, Bo::u:u u, Io
1
Hnn. sa en0.: Hcnopn pqccno +qsunn e 0ecnn no+aa. T. J. M., I08. C. I80.
63
cno(n, Ioouo ccp(uc oc). Hcpma cnpoa unuopncannu qy
rouano qopn y Bocupcccnciuoy uanoni V. n:cuiuoro no
u:a:a no4aou cinuin pa(nui. Hpouro copi44u (o Bcpc:ouci
uoro u y:nui narpoa(uyua:ncu n nni:yua:ncu :acon no:iqo
ni4noro unu:a(cnnu n po:unuy, nmou npoucc unpo:cnnu iia
uinnnx qop, cnpuouannx (o qyrn. Bncpmc y uop4oci Bcpc
:ouciuoro ucn npoucc :aucpmnucu cuopcnnu caocinno, u:acn
4no (ocuona:o a ui:icno cpyuypn qyrn uu ncoxi(noro, xy(o
unio ocnc:cnoro uononcny unu:i4no uono:nui.
nu cucp(uyui (oc:i(nnun, y:n4ny ocuiy Bcpc:ouciunn o
pnau y Inuciuin aua(ci i y(ocuona:nu cuo :nannu y Hccp
yp:iuin Hpn(uopnin uanc:i y u. Honnica 4n B. Ia:ynni, ni:ni
mc y :nacnnoro na(pc Vapini u Ia:i. Hcui(oo, uunn
uonpanynu unu4au Bcpc:ouciunn na aiuiumnni cpororo 4n
ui:inoro cn:u i (c onanyuau cporc nncio o4cun(no, u Ia:i.
:u nac canouni incpcc :pa:ou cpororo nncia, npc(cau:cnnn
nn cu:acnauinnin uoici Bo:onciuo y:n4no aua(ci. Bcpc
:ouciunn noua:au y ui:inc uo:o(innu :acoan uoua:ino no:i
qoni u ancpi Ha:ccpnnn.
Hu 4onpnro:ocny xopouy n`ccy nanncano na annqon Hic
vir dcspicicns mundum, uu:u4cnnn :a (auniou pa(nuicu (o nap
i cnopa y unr:u(i canIus lirmus. Ipnropianciuy c:o(iu unu
:a(cno ui:nn noan au :u. canIus planus {piunnn cniu).
Pa:o : inmnn ro:ocan uona yuopuc uonpanynu nny ui:iua
no npon o(nic. I:u4oui :naun ui(cyni, iuco:i(inciunn :a(
unuopncano u naypa:inin no:nui, oo : qina:ico co:i.
Vc:o(i, mo icui nni:ouani nocniuun :ara:inoro xapaucpy,
po:ropauicu y n:aunoy pyci, : 4cpryuannu ni(noiu i cna(iu,
:anouncnnu cpnuiu. Hcpcxpcmcnnu ro:ociu, u uuoy unuu:u
cicu ropn:ona:innn npnnunn nc:cnnu, auou nnouc (:u cpo
roro cn:u. nconancn pauouano y ui:uounin ui(noui(noci :
uopcounn npaun:an. Bcpc:ouciunn :acocouyc cpori qopn
ni(roou:cnnx :apnani, (onoiuni i npoxi(ni (nconancn. Bi(cy
nin c ncni(roou:cni :apnannu, cu:a(ni qopn cpnuounx po:
u`u:ani, ui(oi u 4acn Voncucp(i, uc:ya:i(o, Huua n onncani
y pauaax Ia:i:c i Bcpnxap(a. :u no:iqoni4noro unu:a(cnnu
xapaucpna iiauinnici ocnoro nny :i cpcnn ouaunoyni
connn i uuapouuinoun ucyno ro:ociu {(nu.. aun 1-2
B, A, C, aun 4- B, A, aun 14-1 B, C, A).
64
B ui:oy y:nua Bcpc:ouciuoro (a:cua ui( cn:icnun :axi(
no no:iqoni XVI c. Cuocpi(nn ui(:ynnu uic cnoxn c :aco
cyuannu y npn4acnoy uipmi B:aucnn uuc n:pa: c:o(nuo
raponi4noro acy y unr:u(i canIus planus, y unu:a(cnni ui:nn
noan, na( uun y(ycicu iiauinnouonpanynun4na uannna
: i:im pyx:nunx ro:ociu.
Vayi, i:iun y pauyuanni (nconanciu unuu:ucicu cxo
uici uioro :pa:ua cpororo cn:u : xopounn uopan Bcpc:ou
ciuoro, (c, capanno ni(roou:cni n po:u`u:ani, uonn caui npc
(co oco:nuo yuarn uono:nopa. 3pcmou Bcpc:ouciunn cnn
pacicu na npnnunnn ui:inoro cn:u, (:u uuoro y (pyrin no:ounni
XVIII c. ca:o xapaucpnn (cuuc cnpomcnnu no:iqoni4noro un
u:a(cnnu, ni(nopu(uyuannu noro raponi, ui(cynici cu:a(nnx
:acoiu ncpcuopcnnu cn i uonpanynun4nnx xnpomiu.
Ho:iqoniu, :a:nmau4nci :acoo, a nc cou, ni(nopu(uo
uycicu xy(ouni :au(annu, mo coui ncpc( uono:nopo. Hc
xapaucpnc i (:u oupcoro npnnoy, i (:u unmo no:iqoni4no
qopn qyrn. concpyu4n uncounn piucni no:iqoni4no an
ccpnoci, Bcpc:ouciunn ui(ipuouo ni(xo(ni (o npnnoiu no:i
qoni4no cxniun, ui((au4n ncpcuary iiaui, ncpccyunoy uon
panynuy, uanoni4nin ccuucnui.
Oco:nuc icuc u xopouin qauypi na:cuni /+/na/i, uua
oprani4no yuinm:a (o uannnn xopouoro araoro:occu npauoc:au
no pa(nui {nanpnu:a(, iypri). Bona ac pi:ni un(n
npoca, uanoni4na, u npuoy pyci, pi(mc u ocpncnni, cnc:a
onuna a i:im po:unncna. Baco, uu :aci unpa:noci, unuo
pncouycicu pni4na iiauiu, mo ni(upcc:uc pi:no4acouici
ucyny ro:ociu i auucnyc yuary na u:u4ounx c:ouax {nanpnu:a(,
y iypri. Cnacn, C:aua, Cuuin, H uo ucun ucuou,
` 1, . u-1u, 12-14, ` 2, . u-1u, 48-44, ` 6, . 44-47).
Ino(i Bcpc:ouciunn unuopncouyc i cnccy iiauin ocnoro
nny, xapaucpny (:u :axi(no uoua:ino no:iqoni XVI-XVIII
co:ii. Iiauiu oxon:uc no4auouc unu:a(cnnu uounoro pu(ua
cucy. {(nu. Tuopun anrc:i cuou (yxn . 1-2, S-u, 2u-21).
Iono:nop nc cxn:innn (o pnua:oro c:ncpcpunoro iiy
uannu, (o uanoni4noro po:ropannu ro:ociu. Bo(no4ac y xopounx
uopax ino(i yuopuuicu ncuc:nui :a ocuro (uoro:ocni uano
ni4ni iiaui, u uunx ypnanc nponcu:a(cnnu n(c :a cou
{(nu. no4auouy noy(ouy uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu
65
capocn a noro no(a:imi uapiauinnono:iqoni4ni o(nqiuaui u
. 1S-21, 8u-82, npn4acnnn uipm Xua:nc Iocno(a c nccc
` 2, . 7-2).
B iiaui unuopncouyuicu uu o(noro:ocni, au i araoro
:ocni nponocn i pncnocn. Hanpnu:a(, na no4auy II 4acnnn
uonucpy Iocno(i uouapncu nponcau:uuicu rpynn (nu4nx
a 4o:oui4nx ro:ociu u annqonnin iiaui : cpuouou uopou u
nponoci nnounn npnno napo(noniccnnoro a uanouoro ro
:ocouc(cnnu. Hc o(nn : araiox npnu:a(iu oprani4noro cnnc:y
npnnoiu :axi(nocuponcnciuo no:iqoni a nauiona:innx oco:n
uoccn c:o(nun, ro:ocouc(cnnu, qauypn.
Hopu( : iiauicu Bcpc:ouciunn mnpouo :acocouyc nauou/:u/
ceneeu/i uu :aci onunocan4noro po:unuy i (nnai:aui
unu:a(y : 4iuou ncpio(n4nicu cpn4nnx auucniu, uopounn
onuan, pi:noaninnn in(cucan ucpnua:innx ncpccanouou
{Iv u, 18, 21, 28, nu.. Iocno(i uouapncu, 4. IV. . 21-
24, 42-46, Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, 4. I, .24-
26). Iono:nop nponcau:uc uncoui a nn:iui ro:ocn {BC),
uui cuopuui cqcu ucupauoro i pc:icqnoro :uy4annu onuno
iiauinnnx ncpcryuyuani {(nu. Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu ca
pocn, 4. IV, . 21u-217, Iocno(i uouapncu, 4. I, . 27-
8u). Taun uc 4nno oqop:cnnn i nccuin4cnnnn uanon
i:im pi(uicna qopa u no:iqoni Bcpc:ouciuoro {(nu.. Iocno(i
uouapncu, II 4., . 11-2u, Iv 2S).
Hpnnunn uapiuuannu, uunn curac uopinnu pa(nuin napo(
noniccnnoro nccuua i xapaucpnnn (:u uop4oro co(y Bcpc
:ouciuoro, un:nuac i na no:iqoni4ny cxniuy. Tau, inonauinnoy
uapiuuannu ni(:uraui pncnocn u iiaui a uanoni4nin ccuucn
ui. Bapiauinnnn npnnunn unuu:ucicu i na inmoy piuni y
cqcpi cpouopcricpounx ncpccanouou :a (onoorou cxniun
eepnnna:ouonepecqeuoo uonpanynuy. Hoxi(ni uapiann : no
uou uuicu :uy4annu n(yi :a no4auoun noc(nannu y qyro
uannx cucno:nuiux 4n :`uu:uuicu y ui((a:cnni, u po:(i:ax qop
n, (c po:unuacicu can4nnn acpia: {(nu.. Hc oucpun
cnc uo upcu capocn, I 4., . 1-4, 1S-21, II 4., . uu-
u2, u6-uS). Ha ui(iny ui( uanoni4nnx ccuucnuin, y ncpcca
nouuax ro:ociu Bcpc:ouciunn unuopncouyc no(uinnnn uonpanynu
ouaun, uunn nanyc y no:iqoni ui:inoro cn:u, pi(mc (yo
(cunn.
66
Ha ui(iny ui( unuopncannu pi:nnx no:iqoni4nnx npnnoiu,
:ucpncnnu (o qqoeauna qop (concpyc i:im uncounn, uuicno
nounn piucni :acuocnnu :axi(nocuponcnciuo no:iqoni u:acn4noro
nny. uyra y Bcpc:ouciuoro uc cnnc: unmo no:iqoni4no
qopn :axi(nocuponcnciuo y:nun a nauiona:innx pa(nuin ni
ccnnoro nccuua. Vou:nuo, uncpmc y ui4n:nunin y:nui qyra
cac caocinnou 4acnnou unu:y xopouoro uonucpy, uua unc
ynac y qynuui qina:y {(nu. Iocno(i uouapncu, 4. IV, Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, 4. IV). Hu pa(nuiu yucp
(n:acu y :axi(nocuponcnciuin y:nui XVIII c. {(nu. :au:u4ni
qyrn u opaopi Iocnq Icn(c:u, u uanaax `` 2, u, 21
Tc:cana, u Varniqiuai u. E. Baxa) i (ica:a po:unou u
inmoy nauiona:inouy:iypnoy uoncuci y uop4oci Bcpc:ou
ciuoro, Pa4nnciuoro, Bopnunciuoro.
uyra ni(cyouyc opa:nocan4nnn po:unou ycioro xopo
uoro uonucpy. Hc unna(uouo u can:i unuu:ucicu inona
uinna c(nici : noncpc(nin 4acnnan unu:y {(nu. cn I n IV
4acnn uonucpiu Iocno(i uouapncu, Hc oucpun cnc uo upc
u capocn). oc:i(nnun uua:yui, mo cn qyrouannx qop
inonauinno :n:iui (o yupanciunx niccni, uaniu
1
. Tcn y :a
uoni4ni, pc:icqni, ucni u :a(oona:inoy ui(nomcnni, ui(noui(i
nan4acimc ona:ini. Hponcu:a(cnnu ucupaui a in(nui(ya:i
:ouani, :(ci:imoro ypnani c:yuai acpia:o (:u po:unuy
u incpc(iux. Bnc:o npouc(cni cn, uuc (opiunuc 4nc:y ro:ociu,
cuopuc nopanuny cucno:nuiu u:acn4no qyrn. Y ui(noui(noci
: npaunuou ui:inoro cn:u y qy:i oprani4no u:aco(iui i rap
oni4ni npnnunnn y:n4no oprani:aui ui:oro. Tau, nopu( : ii
auinnnn incpc(iun Bcpc:ouciunn unuopncouyc i raponi4ni
noy(oun : auop(oun cu:a(o, uui cuopuui uonpac nniu
qauypn, xapaucpnnn (:u cxniun uonucpyuannu.
Bnmou uonucnpauicu can:y a ucpmnnou no:iqoni4no
ro po:unuy caui cpcni npouc(cnnu cn, uui uuo(uicu u
pcnpn:ni po:(i:n qopn u ocn uy:iinaui {(nu.. Hc oucpun
cnc uo upcu capocn, 4. IV, . 217-227).
Oco:nuici pauyuannu qyrn y Bcpc:ouciuoro no:urac u
cnnc:i : nqn:enuou uapiauinnicu, xapaucpnou (:u napo(
noniccnnoro nccuua. Ipynoui npouc(cnnu cn cporo 4cpry
1
Lopoenn M. Xopoen nouepn / oo neop/ , Icnop/ qnpaiuconoi +qsnnn. T. I.
E., I080. C. I08.
61
uicu : incpc(iun, no(i:uu4n qopy na po:(i:n ua(cnuiun.
Hcn ocn na:nuac qyry (o uyn:cno qopn, npnaanno
napo(nn nicnu. Hpouc(cnnu cn acouiucicu i: :acniuo, in
cpc(i : npncniuo. I c, n (pyrc ni(:uraui uapiauinnoy
po:unuy {au, nanpnu:a(, y qy:i : uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc
uo upcu capocn acpia: ncpmo incpc(i no4nnac uapiuua
ncu y nacynnnx incpc(iux :a (onoorou ucpnua:inoncpccyu
noro uonpanynuy a inmnx npnnoiu, mo canc xapaucpno :ro
(o (:u qyr Hocauoun4a).
Cxca IV 4acnnn uonucpy Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu
capocn
1
.
B ui:oy Bcpc:ouciunn :ponu :na4nnn upou uncpc( ui( nap
ccnnx qop no:iqoni (o u:acn4nnx :pa:uiu axiuciuoro nny,
cuocpi(no ui:cnnx na nauiona:inoy rpyni yupanciuo i pocin
ciuo y:nun. 3ro(o (ocurncnnu Bcpc:ouciuoro y(yi :acuocni
Bc(c:c, Bopnunciun, crupioun. Po:unou pa(nui, uuy :a
u:au Bcpc:ouciunn, yuin4acicu u anynioy pca:i:auicu ui(oo
i(c :u`u:an qyry :axi(ny : youan namo y:nun y:an
:auonnoro m:uy

, uua :(incnn:acu u uop4oci I:inun, nccnua,

u(ucun4a, Bcpnuiuciuoro, Io:nuiuoro a inmnx uono:nopiu na
moro 4acy.
1
0op+q s pnca+n nqn:enuocn/, o0uan es qqn, a:e s /+/na/un+n cnpqnnqpa+n
nnnq `ne+ae/0noe/0o` suaao0n+o e I :acnnu/ nouepnq `He oneepn +eue eo
epe+ cnapocnn`. O0uoo:ocue enn:a0euu ne+n ua no:annq nouoo pos0/:q
aco/ucnoc s sacn/eo+ co:/cna, n q uapo0uo+q qpnoeo+q cn/e/. Ho0/un npnu
nn ennopncnaun I:/unou q qqs/ s onepn `nnn sa ap`.

I:nuna M. H. Ho:u. cop. co:. T. 2L. M., I077. C. I80 (ncn 0o Lq:anoea).
A A
1
A
2
A
8
A
4
a a
1

1
a
2

2
a
8

8
a
4

4
T I T I T I T I T
d a F d d d
. 14 . 16u . 1u1 . 217 . 242 . 2
Eucno:nuiu Po:unuau4a 4acnna Pcnpn:a Io(a
I po:(i: II po:(i:
raponi4nc
:au:u4cnnu
68
I.Hcnoeconn
HOHImOHIHHI HPHHOMH B XOPOBIH
TBOPHOCTI M.LEPE3OBCLKOIO
Ana:in4nnn po:r:u( no:iqoni4nnx npnnoiu y xopouin uop
4oci V.Bcpc:ouciuoro nc ouc yn ui(ipuannn ui( po:unuy qy
rono(innx cpyuyp uonucnpay cpcnoiiauinno a uano
ni4noccuucnuinno cxniu, ucpnua:ino a ropn:ona:inopyxonx
uonpanynuiu.
Ana:i: qyrono(innx cpyuyp y y:nui V.Bcpc:ouciuoro nc
ou:nunn auou no:a uoncuco x upnca:i:aui u xopouin uop
4oci yupanciunx uono:nopiu. uopyuannu qyrono(innx cpyu
yp y napccnnx uono:nuiux i, ni:nimc, u xopouin uop4oci yu
panciunx uono:nopiu XVIII co:iu uc oupca, cncuia:ina
npo:ca. Buauco :nmc na nauunici inupycouannx y rooqon
noraponi4ny cpyuypy napccnnx uono:nuin
1
cpcnoiiauin
nnx {uonucpyu4nx) po:(i:iu, na qyrono(ini cpyuypn u xo
pounx uonucpax A.Bc(c:u
2
{(nu. uonucpn ` 6 II a IV
4acnnn, ` S IV 4acnna, ` 11 I a II 4acnnn, ` 12
II 4acnna), .Bopnunciuoro {uuauco, :oupca, na qyrono
(iny qina:iny 4acnny uonucpy ` 82 a in.) a V.Bcpc:ou
ciuoro {nanui(oimnn uonucp Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu ca
pocn, a auou uonucp Iocno(i, uouapncu a npn4ama:innn
uipm Xua:ic Iocno(a : nccc ` 2).
yuc uau:nun c i po:mnpcnnu cn:icn4noro (iana:ony no
piunu:inoro ana:i:y i:im mnpounn cuan :axi(nocuponcnciuo
no:iqoni {u namoy noui(o:cnni n ocunocu y:n4nn (o
1
P oo+q n:au/ 0qe ea:nen+ +anep/a:o+ 0: aua:/sq +oqno c:qnnn `pec
naepoeau/` en0au/ H.O.Iepacn+oeouHepcn0conou napnecu/ no+nosn/i: `M.(n
:eonn. Xopoe/ neopn` (E., I08I), `Hapnecun nouepn` (E., I07), `Vnpaiucon/
napnecu/ +onenn no:annq X\III cno:/nn` (E., I00I).
2
4enop enc:oe:uc no0nq 0oc:/0un/ neop:ocn/ 4.Pe0e: Tenu/ Iqcap:qn sa ua0au q
+o:ne/cno nosuao+nnnc s uonun+ +anep/a:o+ nouepnuoaopoeoi neop:ocn/
no+nosnnopa.
69
pouo H.C.Baxa a I.u.Icn(c:u, y uop4oci uunx cuonucnpy
ua:ncu nani:im nnoui i xapaucpni cpyuypni npnnunnn qyrn).
nu co( (oc:i(ucnnu no:iqoni4nnx cpyuyp y uonucpi
V.Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn n un
pa:n qpcnounn ni(xi(, :anpononouannn (oc:i(nnuo npo:c
my4noro inc:cuy Vapuino Vinciun : Vaca4yccciuoro cx
no:ori4noro incnyy. Framc y ncpcu:a(i : anr:inciuo o:na4ac
paua, a y V.Vinciuoro uc cpyuypa pcnpc:cnaui :nani.
Ca y4cnnn au qopy:uc cyi cuoc copi. Bi(npaunn o
cno... c:yuni on qau, mo :u(nna, uua naaracicu ni:nan
(:u ccc cnyauiu ao nonouoy ocnc:nn uuc :un4ni pc4i,
unnpac i: cuoc na`ui ncuny cpyuypy (annx {opa:), uuy n
na:nuaco qpe+o+, : aun po:paxynuo, mo m:uxo :inn
u nin oupcnx (ca:cn :ponn :py4nou (:u po:yinnu i:im
mnpouoro u:acy uunm ao npoucciu
1
.
Cpyuypyuannu inqopauinnoro acnuy : cou noro po
:yinnu EOV, cuopcnnu ncuno o(c:i, ccpconnnnx cny
auin, :a (onoorou uunx ni:nacicu ncunc uunmc u c::i4i
noro o(nqiuauin, ui ocnouni no:oucnnu copi qpcniu
ui(irpaui uau:nuy po:i u ana:i:i {po:yinni) no:iqoni4nnx
cpyuyp y y:nui V.Bcpc:ouciuoro. Ty n unxo(no : aunx
no:oucni.
1. Ho:iqoni4ni cpyuypn u y:nui V.Bcpc:ouciuoro unuu:u
ui cu:a(nooprani:ouany cnccy no:iqonnorooqonnoro cnnc:y
{oo u:aco(i pi:nnx qpcnounx o(c:cn no:iqoni4noro i ro
oqonnoro cu:a(iu, qyrono(innx i conaono(innx npnnunniu
qopouopcnnu).
2. ani cpyuypn c auou cnnc:o :axi(nocuponcnciuo i
napo(noniccnno a xopouo {napccno) nauiona:ino yupanciuo
pa(nuin {oo, :nouy oua n(c npo u:aco(iu pi:nnx qpcnounx
cpyuyp).
8. Ho:iqoni4ni npnnon u xopouin uop4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro
c npouuo uu :ara:inoro, au i o(nnn4noro, in(nui(ya:ino
cn:iouoro {(o qpcny :ara:inoro c:i( ui(nccn cuo:uuinnnn
m:ux upnca:i:aui no:iqoni4nnx a rooqonnnx cpyuyp y :a
xi(nocuponcnciuin pa(nui, (o qpcny o(nnn4noro, in(nui(ya:i
nocn:iouoro cncunqiuy npouuy unx cpyuyp y xopouin uop
4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro).
1
Mnucnn M. 0pe+u 0: npe0cnae:eun suaun. M., I070. C.7.
10
Hcoxi(nn c :(incncnnu nopiunu:inoro ana:i:y qpcniu no
:iqoni4nnx cpyuyp u y:nui pi:nnx uono:nopiu uu :axi(nocu
poncnciuo, au i nauiona:ino yupanciuo pa(nuin. nu :pa:un
po:r:unco qpcnn axiuciunx i rcn(c:iuciunx qyr, a auou
qpcnn qyrono(innx qop y napccnnx uono:nuiux a xopouin
uop4oci A.Bc(c:u i V.Bcpc:ouciuoro.
:u qpcnouo o(c:i no:iqoni4nnx cpyuyp pca cuopnn
aunn naip c:ccniu, uui a:n :na4cnnu ccpconnnnx cn
yauin, oo :ycpi4a:ncu u icopn4no nou`u:annx cna(uocnnn
:u`u:uan uanpax pcnccancy, apouo a u:acnun:y. Hi c:ccnn
{cnyaui) nounnni ui(noui(an :aratnoorinnnu nponeeau
cpyuypoyuopcnnu, oo ui(noui(an youi enonxannnx, eauo-
nnnnnx {nc :a:cunnx ui( namoro auannu), exoxaexnnnnx {no
uipnocancn4nnx) npoucciu "ni(opy a "npnexai:ani ncu
nnx uono:nuinnnx cpyuyp, (c (iui :auonn uc:nunx 4ncc:,
(c un4cpnyuicu uci uoncpyununi ou:nuoci :a(ano cnccn
u:aco:u`u:uiu c:ccniu.
o nani:im :ara:innx c:ccniu {cnyauin ni:nannu) o
una ui(nccn nauunici.
a) iuixaninno noiqoni {: cuo:uuicu ui( cpcnnx no
cn/enoena yuopcni (o qyrono(innx ne+ann:una cpyuyp),
) a(oxonatno (pauaxypri {: cuo:uuicu ui( o(a:innx
a ona:ino po:iuncnnx noc:i(ounoccn (o o(noona:innx a o
(y:uuinnnx cniuui(nomcni),
u) oqop:cno expynxypno y(onn {: cuo:uuicu ui(
cnpoq/:una arao4acnnnnx cpyuyp uoua:inono:iqoni4noro
nny (o aupo:ououo (paaypri rooqonnoro nny cucno:n
uinnoro a po:pououoro pi:noun(y).
ca:i:yu4n cuo:uuinni npouccn u icopn4noy po:unuy no
:iqoni4nnx uanpiu :axi(no i cxi(nocuponcnciunx pcrioniu, ui(i
4aco cni:ini cnyauinni ocnn.
a) cpcnoiiauinni yuopcnnu uoua:ino no:iqoni pcnccan
cy a apouo {a(pnra:n, mancon, ocn, uonucpn cpoqi
4nnn, arao4acnnnnn nocniuuounn nn uono:nuin),
) uunmc (iinyui {pni4noro ymi:incnnu) u cpcnoii
auinnin no:iqoni uu :aci in(nni(yai:ani xeuaxnnnoro ac
pia:y y uoua:inin a incpycna:inin no:iqoni ni:nioro pcnc
cancy a apouo {incpycna:ini uanuonn, pi4cpuapn, qana:i,
xopoui napccni uono:nui cpoqi4nnn araocnnn nn uo
no:nui),
11
u) upnca:i:auiu cn a incpc(innoro po:unuy, ona:ino
:auncnnx a ona:inopo:iuncnnx cpyuyp y qyrono(innx uo
no:nuiux y y:nui apouo a u:acnun:y {incpycna:ini a xo
poui qyrn, qyrono(ini qopn o(nocnnn nn uono:nui :
4iuo ucnpa:i:ouanou ona:inou (paaypricu po:unuy).
:u yo4ncnnu qpcnouoro ni(xo(y u ana:i:i no:iqoni4nnx
cpyuyp uc:nuc :na4cnnu ac i c:noccpc(nio ucpa:innn ac
ncu noc:i(ounnn {cuucnnn) ana:in4nnn onnc (ano
cpyuypn. upcn po:yicicu V.Vinciun uu po:ropannu ncu
noro cucnapiu : y:ro(ucnnu npn4nn i nac:i(uiu. Y.Pcnan
y npaui Hi:nannu i nc:cnnu
1
nauo(ni uiuaunn ncnxo:orocu
picn4nnn cucncpncn, ana:i:yu4n npoouo:innn ucpa:innn :a
nnc npouccy cuopcnnu {nanncannu) qyrn, (c auou ocnouna yua
ra npn(i:ucicu youa (ccpinaui npouccy unopy nx ao in
mnx uono:nuinnnx :acoiu. B.Iau y cai Cuuc y axiuciuin
qy:i
2
opuacicu acncuiu po:cuyuannu a ui(cuyuannu
uono:nuinnoro npocopy {:a R.oano) i pyxy ncpconaua
u ana:i:i noc:i(ounnx no(in y :oriuouoncpyununoy a ino
nauinnocnc:ouoy acncuax.
Po:r:u(au4n qpcn qyrn a qyrono(innx qop, ncpc(y
ci anco na yua:i x cxno:ori4nnn n:an, mo po:ropacicu
noc:i(ouno y u:aco(i pi:nnx napacpiu po:cuyuannu a
ui(cuyuannu npocopy. a) nopu(ou ucyny ro:ociu, ) cpyu
ypni noc:i(ounoci, u) no:iqoni4ni npnnon, r) ona:innn n:an.
Viu unn napacpan unnnuaui noc:i(ounopcuypcnuni
{pi:no4acoui no(i) a napa:c:inopcuypcnuni {o(no4acoui no(i)
u:aco:u`u:un
8
.
I: u:aco(icu napacpiu icno nou`u:ani cpacri4ni i(c
qyrn.
a) i(cu pcnpo(yuyuannu {npauyuannu) o:na4ac nouop
cpyuyp ao x noc:i(ounoccn {uc ouc yn pcnpo(yuyuannu
cn T u piunoacmanin i:opni4nin incpc(i,
pcnpo(yuyuannu cpyuypnnx noc:i(ounoccn nny ca ui(
noui(i TB, ca incpc(iu TI, ca ui(noui(i
ca TBT) a in.,
1
Pen+au V. Hosuaune n +um:eune. M., I08.
2
Ea L. Cuen e aaoecno qqe ,, Coe. +qsuna, I08I. I0. C.I00I00.
8
(ne. 4uncn+oe 4.P. Huqop+annna. Teop:ecneo. Penqpcn. E., I088.
12
) i(cu i:oopqi:y :cpcucnnu cnyaui {ui(cynici
no(in) u o(noy : napacpiu npn :ini cnyaui {nouua
no(i) u inmoy {ao inmnx) napacpi {napacpax), nanpn
u:a(, ona:innn i:oopqi: ncpc(a4ac :cpcucnnu ocnouno
ona:inoci npn no:iqoni4nnx pancqopauiux nouua cpcn
cn, ocpncnnu ao :i:imcnnu cn, uonpanynui pi:nnx panc
qopauin cn, i:oopqi: nopu(uy ucyny ro:ociu npn :c
pcucnni nopu(uy ucyny ro:ociu ui(yuacicu :ina ao ona:ino
ccn ucyny, ao incpua:inounconnx {ucpnua:inopyxonn uon
panynu), ao 4acounx {ropn:ona:inopyxoi, 4aco cpcni
ymi:incnnu ucyny) cniuui(nomcni,
u) i(cu pancqopaui (o nc ui(nocno ou:nui :inn
:a(ouoro naxn:y cn, ocpncnnu, :i:imcnnu, :cnmcnnu,
unuopncannu ucpnua:ino a ropn:ona:inopyxonx uonpa
nynuiu uu :acoiu no:iqoni4noro uapiuuannu, cpcnc ymi:incnnu
ucyny ro:ociu, :pocannu ui:iuoci ro:ociu y cpci, :pocannu
acmaiu incpc(innoro po:unuy, cuopo4cnnu, ymi:incnnu
cpyuyp,
r) i(cu (ca:i:aui un4:cnyuannu onunnx c:ccniu
cn a nponcu:a(cnnu u incpc(innoy po:unuy {unuopncan
nu onuiu y ccuucnuiux, uanoni4nnx ccuucnuiux, nccuin4cnnnx
uanonax), ui(oupc:cnnu cpcnoro po:unuy cn a nponcu:a
(cnnu,
() i(cu cnnc:y uonpanynun4nc noc(nannu noc:i(ouno
cucnonouannx c y araocnnx qyrax ao noc(nannu pi:nnx
pancqopauin cn, uui nponm:n noncpc(nc cucnonyuannu, ao
noc(nannu acpia:y cn : acpia:o noncpc(nio incpc(i,
c) i(cu ycu:a(ncnnu uc o(no4acni :inn u (cui:iuox
napacpax {nanpnu:a(, (o uonpanynun4noro cnnc:y panimc cu
cnonouannx pancqopauin cn (o(acicu noua pancqopauiu
1
),
(ana cpacri4na i(cu i:ucpyc napa:c:inopcuypcnuny u:aco
(iu napacpiu.
Hopiununnu qpcniu axiuciuo a rcn(c:iuciuo qyr noua
:yc :ara:ino:auonoipny cn(cnuiu pyxy ui( no:iqoni4noro nc
:cnnu (o rooqoni4noro. Y qyrax Baxa ui(:na4aco (oinyuannu
no:iqoni4noro nc:cnnu, mo unuun:ocu.
1
Macnoc ua qeas/, sonpe+a, qqa pe0/cs +/uop s I no+q (TE, 0e s/:omeuu
ne+n uamapoeqcnoc ua nounpanqunn ne+n na ii oepueuu.
13
a) y nan(ca:inimin po:poui no:iqoni4nnx npnnoiu po:
unuy,
) y nounnnoci unx npnnoiu {:na4ni ui(innoci y uo
no:nuinnin y(oui qyr, unuopncannu pi:nnx npnnunniu ona:ino
(paaypri, pi:no noc:i(ounoci npnnoiu pancqopyuannu c
an:y a in.).
Y qyrax Icn(c:u c:i( ui(:na4nn.
a) cnpomcnnu no:iqoni4noro qpcny qyrn, aucioan:auiu
:nmc oupcnx npnnunniu i :auonoipnoccn,
) ni(nopu(uyuannu unx no:iqoni4nnx npnnunniu rooqonnn
i(cu. yupynncnnu qauypnnx aupo:ouiu, :ropannu no:iqoni
y iupouono:nuinnoy npocopi, yuopcnnu uua:ino:iqoni4
nnx cpyuyp {nanpnu:a(, y rcn(c:iuciunx incpycna:innx qy
rax nc:aqiucouana nocinna ui:iuici ro:ociu ucci npoucc po:
unuy :occpc(uycicu na (nnaiui ucyny ro:ociu y upannix pc
ricpax),
u) :na4ny po:i raponi4nnx a qauypnoopnacna:innx
u:imc, uu cncunqi4noro npouuy pnc rooqonnoraponi4noro
nc:cnnu,
r) oco:nuy po:i i(c (ca:i:aui po:opun noncpc(nio
cucnonouanoro acpia:y cn a nponcu:a(cnnu : x no(a:imnx
unuopncannu u incpc(iuxpo:pouax,
() i(cu pcnpo(yuyuannu nouopcnnu qauypnnx au
po:ouiu uu npouuy rooqonnoro npnnunny canou:cnnu n po:
unuy qopn.
Y napccnnx uonucpax i ocax uci no:iqoni4ni npnnon
cuonucnpouani u uonucpyu4nx {cpcnoiiauinnnx) po:(i:ax.
Cac u nnx nain:ncu qyrono(ini cpyuypn. Incpua:ini cniu
ui(nomcnnu iu ucynan ro:ociu y pi:ni. uc i noc:i(ounnn
piunoincpua:innn {uuapounn ao uuinounn) ucyn, i pi:noinc
pua:innn noc:i(ounnn ao ncnoc:i(ounnn qyrono(ini ucynn nny
caui(noui(ica..., (c (pyra pncnoca :uy4ni u ouauno
y cniuui(nomcnni : ncpmou. Hacn4cnici iiauinnnx ro:ociu c
:o(n4nou opnacnnuou {: unuopncannu cxniun (iinyui)
cnpnuc inonauinnin in(nui(ya:i:aui, 4iuoy can4noy ou
pcc:cnnu ro:ociu {np. 1a, , u).
Bpaxouyu4n c:noccpc(nu :a:cunici inuapiannnx c:o(n4
nnx uonypiu ro:ociu ui( incpua:iu x ucyny i ui:iuoci ro:ociu
14
I a)
)
/ueap/aun cnpenn
/ueap/aun cnpenn
15
{uu :a:cunici (oc:i(ucno C.Iop4nnciun
1
), uuauco na (ocni
uy:iunn ni(ip no(innx uonypiu. Cac uin :younu i npaun:a
{pcry:n), uui nauo(ni V.n:cuiunn y cuon Vycnuinciuin
rpaanui
2
.
Taun 4nno, uonucpyu4i cpcnoiiauinni po:(i:n u nap
ccnnx uonucpax a ocax mc :cpiraui :u`u:ou i: cpoqi4nou
uono:nuicu uoua:ino no:iqoni pcnccancno a pannioapououo
(on. Ty mc ui(cync po:cuyuannu na can4ni a in
cpc(inni po:(i:n : po:pouou {4aco uanoni4noccuucnuin
nou) un4:cnouannx onuiu cn a nponcu:a(cnnu. Cai c
n 4aco c:noccpc(nio uu:u4auicu u uanoni4ni ccuucnui 4n
nccuin4cnni uanonn u c:noccpc(nin ao npnxouanin :inou op
nacnnun qopi.
Ho(a:imnn npoucc cuo:uui uonucpyu4nx no:iqoni4noii
auinnnx po:(i:iu y xopounx uonucpax (pyro no:ounnn XVIII c.
nou`u:annn : nocynoun unui:incnnu cn ui( cpcn, xo4
e)
/ueap/aun cnpenn
1
Eop:nucnn E. E eonpocq o neaunne nauoun:ecno n+nnann. ., I080. (ne.
nano: Poeeuno 4. Hpannn:ecnne ocuoeu cnpennuon+nnanouuo no:nqounn.
M., I08.
2
(n:eonn M. Ipa+annna +qsnna:oua. E., I00.
16
i(cu uanoni4no noc:i(ounoci cn n ypnanoro nponcu:a(cnnu
:cpiracicu y :incnoy unr:u(i {uanon y nco4nnn, o panc
qopauiu incpua:iun ona:ino ui(noui(i uopnryc ui(noui(no i a
cpia: ypnanoro nponcu:a(cnnu). Po:r:unio cucno:nuinni
ucynn can4noro acpia:y : AllcgrcIIo uonucpy ` 12 A.Bc
(c:u a I i IV 4acnn uonucpy V.Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc oucpun
cnc uo upcu capocn {np. 2a, , u).
4. Pe0e:o. Eouepn I2
2 a)
)
e)
11
B AllcgrcIIo can4nnn acpia: uonucnpycicu u cuax
ncpmoro auy, (pyrnn au {nponcu:a(cnnu) uc npoca rap
oni4na {(oinanoua) onopa (o acpia:y ui(noui(i. B I 4. uon
ucpy Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc oucpun... nponcu:a(cnnu i:im in
(nui(ya:i:ouanc i unuu:ucicu c:noccpc(ni npo(ouucnnu i :a
u:u4cnnu cn. Ty cuopucicu cpcnc cniuui(nomcnnu cn
i ui(noui(i. B on uc 4ac yniconnnn :ir aciu i cnopiu, a :ro(o
a:iiu i conpano u ocn ucyny ui(noui(i cnpnuc ui(4yu
:ori4noro npo(ouucnnu cn y ui(noui(i, ni(cn:cnoy (oinano
uou nccinuicu ocannio. Cu:a(acicu upaucnnu niccnnoro :ac
niuy : no(a:imn ni(ro:ocuoun ui(ra:yucnnu ro:ociu {:ra(y
cicu ana:ori4nnn npnu:a( : qyrono(ino opoun napo(no nicni
Ho:a upo H.Io:nuiuoro). Bcyn can4noro acpia:y u
IV 4. uonucpy Bcpc:ouciuoro {a noci(ucu...) nan:nu4nn
(o qyrn. cy y 4iuo oupcc:cno mc (o ucyny ui(noui(i, a
nponcu:a(cnnu yuopuc caocinnnn can4nnn acpia:, uunn
u no(a:imoy po:po:ucicu u incpc(innnx po:(i:ax. Bi:imo
caocinnoci nayuac i ui(noui(i, uua :uy4ni y (oinanouin
noua:ouocn/, a nc na (oinanouin ap+ou/i, uu uc y:o u
noncpc(nix npnu:a(ax.
Hopiunu:innn ana:i: uono:nuinnnx cpyuyp qyrono(innx
qop y xopounx uonucpax A.Bc(c:u a V.Bcpc:ouciuoro no4nio
: AllcgrcIIo uonucpy ` 12 Bc(c:u. Hauo(no yuucny cxcy
uono:nui {(nu. cxcy 1).
Hpn araocnoci AllcgrcIIo :ucpac na ccc yuary cu:a(o
pni4na no(inici can4nnx yuopcni cpoq A B D E a C
F, mo ui(noui(aui ncpmoy a (pyroy pu(ua cucy. Hu no
(inici ni(upcc:cno n o(nonnnn raponi4noqynuuiona:inn
pyxo, , mo (o:uo:uc y:ro(nn no ucpnua:i ui(noui(ni ca
n4ni yuopcnnu ncpmo {A) i 4cucpo {D) cpoq, : o(noro
ouy, i pcio {C) a moco {F), : (pyroro {np. 8).
B ui:oy yuopucicu conaono(ina qopa, (c uu ro:ouna
napiu cucno:nui a pcnpn:n uncynaui ncpma {A) a 4cucpa
{D) cpoqn, a uu noi4na pcu {C) a moca {F) cpoqn
{u cucno:nui ocannu npoxo(ni y (oinanouin ona:inoci, u
pcnpn:i u cy(oinanouin a ocnounin). Tcan4ny cnopi(nc
nici cpoq ni(upcc:cno auou o(nonnnn ucyno ro:ociu
noc:i(ounici ui( nnunioro (o ucpxnioro ro:ocy.
18
Cae+a I.
19
Taun 4nno u AllcgrcIIo : uonucpy ` 12 A.Bc(c:u cxpc
cn:ncu pi:ni icopnuocn:ioui cn(cnui. ui( pcnccancnnx qop
cpoqi4na arao4acnnnici, ui( apouounx qop in(n
ui(ya:i:auiu can:y {monpau(a, u cuax araocnoci) 4c
pc: aununc opnacnyuannu, mo (ocuracicu c:i:an4nn
po:cniuyuannu cu:a(iu cucy. ui( u:acn4nnx rooqonnnx qop
upnca:i:auiu ncuno ona:ino (paaypri : 4iun cpyu
ypnocan4nn po:4:cnyuannu qopn conaono(inoro nny
{y ui(:na4aco ncunc can4nc na:nucnnu cu:a(opni4nnx
inuapianiu na cni:inin qynuuiona:inoraponi4nin i qauypno
pcricpouin ocnoui). Tauc cxpcmcnnu pa(nuin c (ocni n
noun (:u araoro:occu napccnnx i ni:nimnx xopounx uono
:nuin yupanciunx uono:nopiu, mo ui(opauyc y:ara:incnc,
aucioan:ouanc cnpnnnuu pa(nuin :axi(nocuponcnciuo no:i
qoni u npoucci cnnxponi4noro :ropannu icopnuocn:iouo (ia
xponi.
Po:r:unio qyrono(iny cpyuypy I 4acnnn uonucpy
V.Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn {(nu.
cxcy 2).
:u nao4noci nauc(io noni qparcnn, ui(noui(ni cpyu
ypnn o(nnnuu T, H, H
1
, H
2
, H
2
inv, H
8
, H
4
{np. 4).
J a)
)
{ B)
{ Es)
80
Cae+a 2.
V+oeu/ nosua:euu:
T ne+a: P e/0noe/0o: H nponncn:a0euu: H
1
, H
2
, H
8
, H
4
e/0noe/0uo
nepmn, 0pqn, npen/ na :eneepnn eap/aunn +anep/a:q nponncn:a0euu e
/unep+e0/a: H
2
/nr oepueuu (/nrers/a) 0pqoo eap/aunq nponncn:a0euu: I se.
se`squ:a /unep+e0/: I
I
nepma /unep+e0/: I
I
rar I, I
I
rar 2, I
I
rar J
nepmn, 0pqn, npen/ eap/aunn nepmoi /unep+e0/i: I
2
0pqa /unep+e0/: E
1
,
E
2
, E
8
, E
4
, E

eap/aunn na0eu/.
81
Po:r:u(au4n cxcy I 4acnnn {Adagio), ui(:na4no :o4
ny cpyuypy nouopnoro nny {:a npnnunno cpacri4no i(c
pcnpo(yuyuannu). uounnn :ou yuopcnnn cpcnoiiauinnou
4acnnou {ucyn c i ui(noui(cn) a incpc(innou 4acnnou
{y(ycicu na acpia:i nponcu:a(cnnu). Iounnn :ou ac
cuou ona:inici. ncpmnn ocnouna ona:inici pe inop {ro
:ouna napiu), (pyrnn (oinanoua ona:inici : inop {no
i4na napiu), pcin napa:c:ina ona:inici 0a auop {po
:poua), 4cucpnn ocnouna ona:inici pe inop {pcnpn:a).
Ouc, u ui:oy yuopucicu conaono(ina qopa, mo cui(
4ni npo :na4ny rooqoni:auiu Adagio {yuopcnnu 4iuo po:
cuouannx y ona:inoy ui(nomcnni nouopuuannx aupo:o
uiu). Iooqonnici npouu:ucicu auou y ni(nopu(uyuanni no
:iqoni4nnx npnnoiu raponi4nn :acoa. au, u incpc(iux
ncou iiyuicu uanoni4ni ccuucnui, x nco4nici nou`u:y
cicu : ni(nopu(uyuannu raponi4nin ccuucnui.
Bo(no4ac, nopiunuu4n uapiann ncpmo incpc(i u pi:nnx
:ouax, a4no 4iuo npouc(cny no:iqoni4ny cxniuy cu:a(noro
uonpanynuy. Hpn nopiunnuni ocnounoro {I
1
) a ncpmoro {I
1
var1)
uapianiu incpc(i ui(i4aco ucpnua:inopyxoy ncpccanouuy
acpia:iu H
1
, H
2
i H
4
, a auou no(uinnopyxoc {ucpnua:inc
i ropn:ona:inc) :pymcnnu H
8
{np. ).
Hopiunuu4n I
1
: I
1
var2, ui(i4aco ucpnua:inopyxoy nc
pccanouuy H
1
a H
2
. Hpn4oy, x raponi4nnn inuapian uu:a
(acicu i u acpia: :au:u4no incpc(i I
1
var8, uua xapauc
1 a)
) e)
82
pn:ycicu cuuipni4nn auop(oun pyxo ro:ociu, oo ui(yua
cicu cuocpi(nnn npoucc pnoqauypnoro ymi:incnnu, mo xa
paucpn:yc cpacri4ny i(cu pancqopaui, ni(upcc:cny :cpc
ucnnu ocnouno ona:inoci {np. 6).

83
3ucpac na ccc yuary auou cpacri4na i(cu (ca:i:aui
un4:cnyuannu acpia:y nponcu:a(cnnu u incpc(iux.
Bi(:na4no i (:cpua:inc cniuui(nomcnnu nopu(uy ucyny ro
:ociu y ro:ounin {accnopa:iconpano) i noi4nin {conpa
noa:i) napiux, npn4oy cpacri4na i(cu pcnpo(yuyuannu
nou`u:yc napi nonapno.
Xapaucpnn c auou nocynouc cuopo4cnnu :ouiu.
ncpmnn :ou {ro:ouna napiu) nouna 4onpnro:ocna cu
cno:nuiu a incpc(iupo:unou,
(pyrnn :ou {noi4na napiu) cuopo4cna (uoro:ocna uonp
cucno:nuiu : uopouou ua(ancyu4ou incpc(icu a incpc(iu
po:unou,
pcin :ou {po:poua) pnro:ocnnn ucyn {TBT) a in
cpc(iupo:unou,
4cucpnn :ou {pcnpn:a) (uoro:ocnnn ucyn {TB) a
cuopo4cnnn, ymi:incnnn u auop(ouoy unu:a(i acpia: incpc(i.
Bcc uc pcnpc:cnyc cpacri4ny i(cu pancqopaui.
Hcpcxo(u4n (o 4cucpo, qina:ino, 4acnnn VodcraIo
{a noci(ucu n nc4c:ny), ui(i4aco 4iuo un:na4cny :a
uanpo qyry. Ty unpa:no ui(oupc:uuicu acpia:n cn
a nponcu:a(cnnu, a caa ca xapaucpn:ycicu (uoqa:ouicu
y qynuuiona:inoraponi4noy ui(nomcnni. ncpcxi( ui( pe inopy
(o : inopy cnpnnacicu uu o(y:uuiu {I IV I). Tona:ina
ui(noui(i 4cpc: cy(oinanouy qynuuiu ui(nou:uc ocnouny o
na:inici {I V IV I) {(nu. np. 2u).
Vacpia: nponcu:a(cnnu, cpyuypno ui(oupc:cnnn ui( cn
i xapaucpnnn uncoun piunc can4no in(nui(ya:i:aui {nno
unn pnonounn pyx, ni(upcc:cnnn nynunpnnn pn), unuonyc
po:i (pyro cn qyrn. Hauo(no cxcy qyrn {(nu. cxcy 8).
V
IV
84
Cae+a J.
85
:u i:imo nao4noci cxcn nauo(no ui(noui(ni no:na4cn
nu T, H, H
1
a H
1
inv noni cuuiua:cnn {np. 7).
Bi(:na4no cnopi(ncnici uono:nuinno y(oun qina:ino qy
rn i I 4acnnn. a u :o4na uono:nuiu {cpacri4na i(cu
7 a)
)
e)
Cae+a J (npo0oeeuu)
V+oeu/ nosua:euu:
T ne+a: P e/0noe/0o: H nponncn:a0euu: H
1
nepmn en0os+/ueun
eap/aun nponncn:a0euu: H
1
/nr oepueuu (/nrers/a) nepmoo en0os+/ueuoo ea
p/aunq nponncn:a0euu: (H) qpa+eunapue ennopncnauu +anep/a:q nponncn:a
0euu: I
1
nepma /unep+e0/: I
2
0pqa /unep+e0/: I
8
, I
4
, I

e/0noe/0uo
npen, :eneepna, n`na /unep+e0/i: I se. se`squ:a /unep+e0/: oa +o
0q:/ s pe +/uopq e : +/uop: o(a)(C)(F) / n.0. e/0an:euu e noua:o
uocn/ pe +/uop, : +/uop, Co:o +aop, 0a +aop: E na0eu/: `I seqn`
nepmn seqn ne+n: `noun/` noua:ouocn/: `ap+.q.` ap+ou/:u/ qqun/i.
86
pcnpo(yuyuannu), on cann ona:innn n:an. Bi:imc oro, cno
ccpiracicu i ncuna cnopi(ncnici can4noro acpia:y unc
xi(nnn cpuounn pyx i: :anouncnnu u ci, pni4nnn :aau y
nponcu:a(cnni i nauii raponi4na noy(oua ccuucnui u incp
c(iux : ui(xn:cnnu u ona:inoci V a IV cyncniu {np. S).
Cxouici no:urac i u cpacri4nin i(c pancqopaui
cuopo4cnnu, ymi:incnnu :au:u4nnx :ouiu, mo (ocuracicu cpc
nnn a qparcnapnnn npouc(cnnun T a B u 4cucpoy a
n`uoy :ouax, a auou cuuipni4nn {auop(oun) ymi:incn
nu incpc(i y n`uoy :oui.
Hopiunuu4n qpcnn qyrono(innx qop y xopounx uonucp
ax Bc(c:u a Bcpc:ouciuoro, ui(:na4no aui ocnn.
1) Y Bc(c:u :cpiracicu cpoqi4na qopa i: :inuuann
can4nn acpia:o, uua icopn4no nou`u:ycicu i: :inuuann
c:ouccnn cuco. Hpoc cuc y Bc(c:u nc:inuuannn npn
uounoy noro nouopcnni c:o(nuocan4nnn acpia: onou:u
cicu :au(uun c:i:an4noy uapiuuannu,
2) Y Bcpc:ouciuoro ncpcuauac npnnun o(nocnoci npn
(oinyu4oy cn:ai4noy cniuui(nomcnni c:iu a y:nun, can
4ni yuopcnnu y i:im in(nui(ya:i:ouani i :ac:nc4yui nc ci:i
un pnopn4noi:ucpanuny, cui:iun y:ara:incny opa:noinona
8
81
uinny ui(noui(nici :icoui cucy, :ina uuoro unu:nuac ui(no
ui(nc cyo cpyuypnc onou:cnnu can4noro acpia:y {(nu. nc
pcxi( ui( cn (o nponcu:a(cnnu i (a:i (o incpc(i), cac
npnnunn in(nui(ya:i:aui a :cpcucnnu can4nnx yuopcni {npn
ui(noui(noy cucouoy nouopi) na:nuac (ani qopn (o qyrn.
Hopiunuu4n po:r:unyi 4acnnn : xopounx uonucpiu Bc(c:u
a Bcpc:ouciuoro : qpcnan axiuciuo a rcn(c:iuciuo qyr,
ui(i4aco ncuny aucioan:auiu, cnpomcnnu x uoncpyununnx
o(c:cn. Hopu(ou ucyny ro:ociu u AllcgrcIIo : uonucpy ` 12
Bc(c:u ucci 4ac nocinnnn ui( nnunioro ro:ocy (o ucpxnioro
{aua pcnpo(yununici nopu(uy ucyny uoncncyc un(o:inc
nici c:o(n4noopnacnouanoro uapiuuannu can4noro acpi
a:y, uo(no4ac ni(upcc:uu4n nani:im (nnai4nnn xapaucp qau
ypnoro cucnonyuannu ro:ociu). Hopu(ou ucyny ro:ociu y I a
IV 4acnnax uonucpy Bcpc:ouciuoro Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu
capocn :inucicu u uounoy nacynnoy :oui, a:c npn
i(cnn4noci can4noro acpia:y i pcnpo(yuinnin cpyuypnin
noc:i(ounoci aupo:ouiu, mo cu:a(auicu : iiauinnnx npo
uc(cni cn a incpc(i, :inuuanici nopu(uy ucyny ro:ociu,
cuopo4cnnu ui:iuoci npouc(cni, a auou :ina ona:inoci u
uounoy :oui c uono:nuinno ncoxi(nnn. Taua uoncnca
uiu c npouuo i(c i:oopqi:y noc:i(ounopcuypcnuno u:a
co(i napacpiu, (c npn nocinnoci u o(noy : napacpiu
ui(yuauicu un(o:inn u inmoy. Ccpc( cpacri4nnx i(cn ui(
:na4no, upi i(cn i:oopqi:y a pcnpo(yuyuannu, auou
i(c (ca:i:aui {un4:cnyuannu acpia:y nponcu:a(cnnu u in
cpc(iux) a pancqopaui {ymi:incnnu cpyuypnnx :ouiu).
Taun 4nno, po:r:u(au4n uounnn : napacpiu nopu(ou
ucyny ro:ociu, cpyuypni noc:i(ounoci, no:iqoni4ni npnnon i
ona:innn n:an, cnoccpiraco qu/q/na/u ncunnx cpacri4nnx
i(cn, uui, na ui(iny ui( axiuciuo no:iqoni : pi:noaninicu
a nounnnicu cpyuypoyuopcnnu, no(ani u c(nnoy nc:inu
uanoy uapiani {y Bc(c:u uc cpoqi4nnn can4noonou:u
uannn npnnunn u ycix qyrono(innx qopax, y Bcpc:ouciuoro
uc, upi nnouo (:u qyr o(nocnoci, rpann4na uonucnpoua
nici can4noro acpia:y, yniqiuauiu ona:inoro n:any i ui:i
uoci cpyuypnnx :ouiu u I a IV 4acnnax uonucpy Hc o
ucpun...). Hauii rcn(c:iuciui qyrn : x aupo:ououou uo
88
no:nuicu i u:imouannn raponi4nnn n qauypnnn npnno
an ucc u i:imc ui(noui(aui i(c cpyuypno nounnnoci
no:iqoni4nnx qop. Tn can i(cu rooqoni:aui qyrono(i
nnx qop y Bc(c:u i Bcpc:ouciuoro, unpaucna u rpann4nin yni
qiuaui uono:nuinnnx o(c:cn, c:youno, ui(noui(ac qpcny ro
oqonno qopn : na:nucnnu (o conano. C:i( uua:an i na
mc o(nn (yuc uau:nunn qpcnounn uononcn y y:nui Bc(c:u
a Bcpc:ouciuoro, uc niccnna uyn:cnici, mo n(c ui( napo(nnx
nauiona:innx (ucpc: {:ui(cn pcnpo(yununa no(inici au
po:ouiu, yniconnc :4cn:cnnu c i ui(noui(cn, nocynouc ni(
ro:ocuouc po:ra:yucnnu qauypn).
Ho yncunnncu u nno:ori4noci qpcnouo cpyuypn qy
rono(innx qop y uonucpi Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu ca
pocn, nauc(io mc (ua npnu:a(n : y:nun V.Bcpc:ouciuoro.
uina: uonucpy V.Bcpc:ouciuoro Iocno(i, uouapncu {IV 4.)
ac qopy no(uinno qyrn : o(no4acnn cucnonyuannu c
{(nu. cxcy 4).
Cae+a 1
V+oeu/ nosua:euu: T
1
nepma ne+a: T
2
0pqa ne+a: P
1
nepma e/0noe/0o:
P
2
0pqa e/0noe/0o: H nponncn:a0euu: 1
e
2
e:e+eun `e` 0pqoi ne+n:
e
2
/ueepc/ e:e+eunq `e` 0pqoi ne+n: c ceneeu/: nc nauou/:ua
ceneeu/: I se. nepmn seqn ne+n: nou. noua:ouocn/.
T
89
Bi(i4aco ana:ori4ny :ououy, pcnpo(yununy cpyuypy
qyrn : (ca:i:auicu (pyroro {u) onunoro c:ccny (pyro
cn {T
2
) u ccuucnuinnnx noy(ouax, y npunx a inucpcinnnx
npouc(cnnux u incpc(iux. 3ucpac auou yuary cpcnc cuopo
4cnnu can4nnx npouc(cni y (pyroy :oui. Buauco i na
can4nnn :u`u:ou I a IV 4acnn uonucpy.
uyra : npn4ama:inoro uipma Xua:ic Iocno(a : nccc
` 2, xo4 i nc xapaucpn:ycicu :o4nou uono:nuicu {uona
nopymycicu incpc(innnn po:ropannun, mo nou`u:ano i: uan
po po:cniuan na a::i:ynu), npoc ac conaono(innn
ona:innn n:an, no(innn (o I a IV 4acnn uonucpy Hc o
ucpun cnc uo upcu capocn {(nu. cxcy ).
Bci nauc(cni unmc npnu:a(n cui(4ai npo uncouy :pi:ici
no:iqoni4noro cn:u y xopounx uonucpax V.Bcpc:ouciuoro, uun
npnaanna nauiona:ina a in(nui(ya:inocn:ioua caoynici,
oprani4nc uxo(ucnnu u :ara:inocuponcnciuy y:n4ny uy:iypny
pa(nuiu.
Cae+a
V+oeu/ nosua:euu: T ne+a: P e/0noe/0o: H
1
, H
2
, H
8
nepme, 0pqe, npenc
nponncn:a0euu: (T) +anep/a: ne+n: (H
1
) +anep/a: nepmoo nponncn:a0eu
u: /un. /unep+e0/: nou. noua:ouocn/.
90
. Enuoecona
MV3HHHO-PHTOPHHHI mIIVPH B APIHX
3 OHEPH M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO "EMOmOHT
(V coimi eooi aoaiuocoonecnoo
oneuoo cmu qo nooouuu X\ll cm.)
Opana ca ouc un(ancu na ncpmnn nor:u( nc :ouci
(oui:inou i (cmo my4nou. Honcpmc, : oncpn coqon :c
pcr:ocu :nmc 4onpn api, ouc, nc ouna ponn uncnouuiu npo
(paaypriu ui:o uncaun. Ho(pyrc, uauuo nauii yuunn, uu
uu oncpa unr:u(a:a. Vayi, uapo noro(nncu, mo uc y:a onc
panaci44o, oo nanncana cni:ino (cui:iuoa uono:nopan :
unuopncannu nony:upnnx apin {ao oupcnx inonauinnnx :uo
poiu) : noncpc(nix uopiu, npoc nc :cpcr:nci nauii icna
cniuauopiu. Hopcc, y:n4nopnopn4ni qirypn, u ocnounoy,
po:r:u(auicu ui(nocno (yxounnx uanpiu XVI ncpmo no:oun
nn XVIII c., a y uop4oci uono:nopiu uinuu XVIII c., n
i:imc u capa:inoy uanpi, ouyi :(ancu uupan ncauya:i
nnn. I uccaun po:upnu uic cn (onoouc unuunn ncuni
uau:nui acncun in(nui(ya:inoro cn:u o(nic : nani:im :ara(
uounx nocacn ui4n:nuno uy:iypn Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro,
a cac. acncu cn:iouo apnyui noro cna(mnnn, mo uu:u4ac
u ccc uu ncuni o:naun (aunimoro apououoro nny xy(ounioro
nc:cnnu, au i nouimoro, u:acnuncn4noro, uu uc ni(upcc:uc,
:oupca, B. Bnunuiunn, oprani4nici uop4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro y
pauax oro4acno :axi(nocuponcnciuo nccuiuo cuo:uui, noc(
nannu u nin uu c:ccniu nauiona:inoro noxo(ucnnu, au i :a
cuocnnx ni( 4ac nau4annu y na(pc Vapini nop y:n4no unpa
:ouoci, i:imou 4n cnmou ipou npnaannnx npc(caunnua
pi:nnx nauiona:innx mui:.
Ionucnpyu4nci ncpc(ouci nauuo:o (yxouno cna(mnnn Bc
pc:ouciuoro, y:nuo:nauui cnmc yuarn npn(i:uui noro cnpau(i
ui:iuicno nc4nc:cnnn :(oyua y cuiciunx uanpax, oo Co
nai (:u cupnnun i u:aui4ca:o a apiu : oncpn coqon.
Y nopiununni : (yxounnn uonucpan, npn4acnnn a inmnn
91
(yxounnn onycan cuiciui uopn unuu:uui n onoccpc(uouanimy
:n:uici (o (ucpc: yupanciuo nauiona:ino uy:iypn {u nnx
uuc nc unuunm nx 4nc:cnnnx inonauinnnx ana:orin : yupan
ciun niccnnn qo:iu:opo, uopi au unpa:no npocynaui y
can:i uonucpiu, xo4a nani:im nony:upnoro : nnx Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn). O(nau i Conaa, i api :
oncpn (o:uo:uui na cy(nn npo Bcpc:ouciuoro (cmo u inmoy
pauypci, ouinnn npnpo(nici i (ocuona:ici onanyuannu nn :a
ra:inonpnnnunx nop :axi(nocuponcnciuo oncpno a incpycn
a:ino cn:icnun, u:acnc i uuoci, uopi au uncouo ouinnu
noro y4nc:i na(pc Vapini {:ra(ano noro :ncn (o (npcuopa
Incpaopciunx capiu I. C:arina, (c uin xapaucpn:yc uono:n
opciui :(oyun cuoro y4nu). Ta n na (omuy upamnx y4niu
Bo:onciuo aua(ci, nopy4 : icnc Vouapa, noro i`u :anc
c:n auou nacancpc( 4cpc: unpaunici uo:o(innu pccc:o,
unmyuany na:ipy y:n4nounpa:ounx :acoiu, :acocouany u unx
uopax.
Hcpm, niu (ca:inimc :ynnnnncu na unpa:ounx :acoax apin
Bcpc:ouciuoro, uapo uopouo oupcc:nn cyi cuo:uuinnoro npo
uccy u ia:inciuin oncpnin muo:i oro 4acy. O4cun(no, (auno uuc
ni u uoro nc unu:nuac cyniuiu, mo (paan:auiu oncpnnx uncau,
no(o:annu :auoccni:oci uonucpy u uocuax i nomyun nounx
apu inonauinno na:ipn, cniu:uy4no (yxoui 4acy n cccnui u:a
cnun:y, uunn cac o(i {7ui poun XVIII c.) unuunucu nan
auya:inimn cn:c cnoxn, (ocurncnnu nc o(noro i:iun pc
qopaopa I:uua, i mo ana:ori4na o(nqiuauiu oncpno (paa
ypri ui(yua:aci {ui(noui(no (o nauiona:innx pa(nuin uouno
muo:n) i u inmnx cuponcnciunx y:n4nnx uy:iypax, :oupca u
ia:inciuin, uopa ui(irpa:a auy uau:nuy po:i y canou:cnni cn
:u Bcpc:ouciuoro i Bopnunciuoro.
Oupcc:io (ca:inimc ia:inciuy muo:y nc :nmc oy, mo
uona c:ymno uuauacicu ucnpa:inou i nani:im 4nc:cnnou u
on 4ac, a n oy, mo cac cynpon ia:inciuo muo:n, uu cy
npon nani:im uonccpuanuno i noucpxouo mo(o xy(ounioro
unpaucnnu, ni(uopcno npnxa npna(onn, unnycua:oci nani:i
mc upnn4nnx cpi:. A:c uuc u 17u p. nacynac iconnn ::a
y :aca(ax ia:inciuo, :oupca ncano:ianciuo, oncpno cccnun,
ni(roou:cnnn copcnuan n :ipcncan, ccpc( uunx, :oupca
u. A:irapoi nocy:uc icnnn :u`u:ou :ipco i y:nun. A. 3c
92
no i H. Vcaca:io :(incnuui pcqopy oncpnoro :ipco, au
ucnyu4n ucupauici xapaucpiu i uuiu4n (o uonq:iunnx :iu
ncni y (paan4nin (i. B:acnc na :ipco Vcaca:io i nanncau
Bcpc:ouciunn cuou c(nny oncpy.
Hanpnu:a(, o(nn : i:im (aunix y4niu na(pc Vapini, Hiu
uo:o Hoc::i {1714-1774), uopnn u 4ac ncpcyuannu u Bo:oni
Bcpc:ouciuoro uuc :aucpmyuau cuin uncunn i uop4nn m:ux,
mc u 4u-ux pouax y cuox 4nc:cnnnx oncpax {Iqircniu u
Au:i(i, Ai:a Pcry:, Encn) nparnyu (o :ara4cnnu oncpn
opaopia:innn npnnoan 4cpc: :i:imcnnu i (nqcpcnuiauiu
qynuui xopy, ycaocinncnnu napi opuccpy, a auou unpa:nici
pc4nanuiu, 4n ni(royuau pcqopy I:uua. Cyncpnnu Bcpc
:ouciuoro u Hccpyp:i uy:cnnc Capi {172u-1Su2) {Bacn:i
Bnunuiunn uuauau, mo uc ucp(ucnnu c:ni(caunc, ocui:iun u
i poun, uo:n yupanciunn ncui ncpcyuau y Hccpyp:i, Capi
unu u Ia:i) uuiu (o ncuno uacpni:aui uoua:ino napi :a
paxynou :ounimnio uioyo:noci, i:imo (paan4no unpa:noci
i pc:icqnoci c:o(n4no :ini {uy:io Caino, Api(a i Pi
na:i(o). Y4nc:i Bopnunciuoro, Ba:acapc Ia:ynni {17u6-
17S) :aranu oncpyccpia yqqonnnn npnnoan, unpoua(uy
u4n auou inonaui ia:inciuo napo(no niccnnoci {O:cucan(p
u In(i, O:inia(a). B ia:inciuin oncpnin npaunui oro 4acy
nomnpn:acu apiu dal scgno, uopa uu:u:a coou icony un(o:iny
api da capo i na:nua:aci {:au(uun uonpacnn can4nn
c:ccna, :icau:cnnu oniuo(oinanouo cqcpn, po:unnyn
:u`u:yu4n xo(a) (o conano qopn {uconc Hoc::i, An
irona Tpacn).
Ha uioy qoni api Bcpc:ouciuoro uu:uui coou uiuaunn
:pa:ou cn:icnun ncpio(y ui( apouounx apin aqcuiu (o i:im
uoncpyununoro u:acnuncn4noro cn:u, u uuoy xapaucpni in
onauinni :uopon, xo4 no4acn i :cpirauicu, npoc nayuaui
npnnunnouo ui(innoro opa:noro ccncy, ui( uonupcno4ycunx
nocynouo ncpcui:uuicu u pauiona:ini c:ccnn unpa:ouo cn
ccn, o(nqiuyuicu uu qopouop4i c:ccnn :au(uun po:i
mcnnu y ncunoy uoncuci i nouopcnnu na ncunnx (i:unuax
qopn. Xoi:oci n nara(an y, na ni(ucp(ucnnu unc:ou:cno
rinoc:n, uncnouun auopun cacn i npaui npo y:n4nopnopn4ni
qirypn O. 3axapouo. Hc:uauau4n na :iny cn:iu i cncc y
:n4noro nc:cnnu, ui(:na4a:a uona, u y:nui nacynnnx
93
ncpio(iu ncpi(uo ouna cnoccpiran npnnon, mo :ymyui :ra
(an y:n4nopnopn4ni qirypn apouo. Oco:nuy yuary uona
npn(i:uc ocannioy ui(cnciuoy u:acnuoui Bcxoucny. Cnpau
(i, u u:acnuncn4noy cn:i :cpirauicu 4nc:cnni xapaucpni
qopy:n noncpc(nio (on uonn :nmc :a:naui :na4noro
opa:noro i cnc:ouoro y:ara:incnnu.
Bonpn ui(oi cioro(ni api : oncpn coqon ui(nocuicu
(o o:onciuoro ncpio(y unu i uop4oci Bcpc:ouciuoro. nu uua
:yc (oc:i(nnu uop4oci uono:nopa V. Rp4cnuo, oncpy y:o
nocau:cno y :uoy 1778 pouy u capi Can Ccaciuno u
iuopno. Ha:uani api {uonn y:n ui(nan(cni mucnuapciun (oc
:i(nnuo P. Vo:cpo) (ocni uoncpacni :a xapaucpo, :a n
no aqcuy i (aui ou:nuici unuunn pi:noi4nici o(apyuan
nu auopa. Hcpma apiu Tiana PrudcnIc mi chicdi uon
q:iuno(paan4na :a opa:nicu, auucnyc can ncncunoci, (y
mcunoro cy`uu, unypimnio opoin iu uoxannu i oou`
u:uo. pyra Viscro pargolcIIo, cu Tiana uuic (o
cn:icnun api lamcnIo : unpa:nnn niuonounn nn:xi(nnn
:ixannun nanpnuinui qpa:, pc:icqnnn nacn4nnn xo(an na
:cnmcni incpua:n i xapaucpnou cpnuou ciui:iann. Tpcu
apiu coqona Pcr lci lra l`armi uc nnoua rcpo4na apiu
ao nauii cuopimc aria hravura, : npyunn apmoun nocyno
i nynunpnnn pni4nnn :uopoan u uy:iinauiux qpa:. Ha
pcmi, ocannu VcnIrc il cor con mcsIc vosi, uua (oc:i(nn
uan u:acnqiuycicu uu ucauna apiu, unpi:nucicu i:imou cpn
anicu, :acnouocnicu no4yiu.
3a qopou api na:nuauicu (o uanoniu api dal scgno, :
in(nui(ya:i:auicu u uounoy nocpi (paaypri4noro po:unuy ui(
noui(noro nocn4noy :icy. Tau, nanpnu:a(, u api Viscro par
golcIIo y uy:iinaui :`uu:ucicu pc4nanunnn cni:o(, uunn :a
cno uonpacyc (o no4auouoro {SosIcnuIoAllcgro), ni:nimc
u cni Adagio npoxo(ni un(o:incna ro:ouna ca, uopa no
4acn unuonyc qynuuiu po:poun, noi :nouy pc4nanunnn
cni:o( Allcgro, mo upcmi ni(uo(ni (o pcnpn:n. Cuocpi(nici (pa
ayprinnoro po:ropannu npnaanna n inmn apiu. B ycix nnx
:ucpac na ccc yuary ncuna incpycna:i:auiu c:o(n4noro
ncpucnu, onopa na xo(n no :uyuax ocnounnx pn:uyuiu, a auou
nocn:cnnu po:i incpycna:inoro cynpouo(y, noro ui(nocnc yca
ocinncnnu i ucupauici cpa:innx apu.
94
Tpauyuannu cucy u apiux (yuc (nqcpcnuinouanc, inona
uinnnn :acoan ni(upcc:ucicu npaun4no uounnn uau:nunn
:icounn nuanc, i uo(no4ac uc nc unu:u4no (paan4na c
:o(nua :i cnc:n ni(nopu(uyuannu y:nun c:ouccnoy cucy.
Ty (ic n iancnna y:n4na :oriua : cncunqi4nnn :auonan,
qopouop4nn qynuuiun. Ouc, xo4 y uounin api ouna ui(
:na4nn 4nc:cnni pnopn4ni qirypn, uopi :acocouyuicu i:iun
y :u`u:uy : ncunn c:ouccnn nonuu, npoc u no(a:imoy
npoucci po:ropannu uonn uuc nc y:ro(uyuicu : cucoun pu
(o, a ncpcpancqopouyuicu y qopouop4i c:ccnn, nou
opuu4nci na ncunnx (i:unuax cpyuypn, nc:a:cuno ui( c:ouc
cnoro pu(y, uopnn y on ocn po:ropacicu.
Hpoana:i:yco : uic o4un :opy ncpmy apiu PrudcnIc mi
chicdi, upaxouyu4n, mo :icoua uonucnuiu pcmn apin c ana
:ori4nou. Bona no4nnacicu :anna:inou qpa:ou {Vcnc n nn
acm). Bo(no4ac y uoua:inin napi (acicu qirypa inIcrrogaIio,
oo pnopn4noro :annannu, uopa xapaucpn:ycicu xo(o c
:o(i na ccuyn(y uropy nanpnuinui pc4cnnu. Ty cay qirypy :a
cocouano mo(o c:iu uuauacm ncunnnn, npoc u pcnpn:noy
nouopcnni uic qpa:n uono:nop :ucpacicu (o inmo qirypn,
uua auou ni(cn:uc :ic, a cac, qirypn passus duriskulus
uopcuoro xo(y na :i:imcny ccuyn(y, mo na(ac (anoy :ann
annu ocy(:nuoro xapaucpy. Ha c:oui dipcndc, oo :a:cu
nnn, npn pi:nnx nouopax uono:nop unuopncouyc qirypn, uui
uuauauicu npn(annn (:u ni(cn:cnnu cucnpcci, :a ncpmn
pa:o uc salIus durisculus, uopcunn cpnou na xpoan4nnn
incpua:, pnon, uopnn uuauaucu a(cuuann (:u unpaucnnu
rocpo(paan4nnx no4yiu, :a pci paIhopolia, oo
:y(ucnnu npncpaccn, uuc(cnnu ncnpaun:inoro niuony :a
ici npaun:inoro ony, u (anoy unna(uy rocpo(nconannnn
xi( na a:y nony :aici npnpo(nio o4iuyuano ouaun. Bo(no4ac
npn (cuunx inmnx nouopcnnux uic u qpa:n uono:nop nc un
uopncouyc uo(no ui(noui(no :icy qirypn, naoici :cpi
rau4n :ori4ny ui:icnici y:n4no qpa:n. 3a:na4cni qirypn na:c
uai (o rpynn Sinnligurcn i, ayi, nan4acimc uunuauicu u
y:nui panniou:acn4noro i u:acn4noro ncpio(iu. O(nau i inmi rpy
nn qiryp :acocouyuicu uono:nopo (ouo:i unnaxi(:nuo. Tau,
nanpnu:a(, uin :ucpacicu (o au :uannx qiryp nouopcnnu. uo:n
u cuci nouopucicu qpa:a, o i u y:nui cnoccpiraco o4ny
95
4n npn:n:ny ccuucnuinny nouopnici {c:oua lo scnIi, lo vcdi
n 4ycm, n a4nm), u pcnpn:i uu u qpa:a o:uy4ycicu
4cpc: qirypy suspiraIio uc rpynn nay:, 4aco uiciuounx, mo
po:pnuaui c:o(n4ny :iniu, iiyu4n :ixannu, u pc:y:iai 4oro
qpa:a nayuac i:im cxun:iouanoro, :ara:inoro xapaucpy.
nu a4no, unuopncannu pnopn4nnx qiryp u apiux Bcpc
:ouciuoro mc 4acuouo nou`u:anc : uonupcnnn nonuun, :a
:na4cnnn u cuci, i u uounoy oupcoy unna(uy yuopuc
:ori4ny ccann4ny napy. Bo(no4ac nc uapo :ayuan, mo ui
u qirypn, noncpmc, nouopuuicu u incpycna:innx cni:o
(ax ucyni, nporpamax a :au:u4cnni, (c uonn no:au:cni no
nucuo na(y(oun, no(pyrc, uonn uu:u4auicu y cncunqi4nnn
c:o(n4nnn uoncuc, uopnn cnpnuc ncunin uoncpyunui:aui
x :icy. Hanpnu:a(, :ra(ana qirypa inIcrrogaIio, uopa i(ca:ino
ui(noui(ac nonuu ncpmo qpa:n, u(pyrc :uy4ni uu ccu
ucnna :anua na cpuiu unmc, a noi y uapianno un(o:i
ncnoy unr:u(i, uuc c: :au:u4no uncxi(no ccuyn(n, :nouy (ui4i.
B pc:y:iai opnyco i(ca:ino uua(pany {2-2-2-2-po:mn
pcnnu ncpio(y :a paxynou :au:u4no ua(cnui) noy(ouy. Ana:o
ri4nc uoncpyununc unpiunuuannu ouna :nann i no ui(no
mcnnu (o inmnx pnopn4nnx qiryp. Oou, pnopn4ni qirypn 4c
pc: x araopa:ouc o4nc n un(o:incnc nouopcnnu, 4cpc: ni(
nopu(uyuannu x qynuui ca:ona incpycna:inoro po:unuy
nayuaui y y:nui ncpcxi(noro ui( apououoro (o u:acnunc
n4noro cn:u inmoro :ya4cnnu. uu y:ara:incna :icouo
uoncpyununa o(nnnuu, uua :n:iuo nc nou`u:ana : nonucun
pu(o i uo:o(ic ncunn piunc ccann4noro y:ara:incnnu.
Vouna npnnycnn, mo yuopcnnu xapaucpnnx (:u u:acn
uncn4no uacpnoincpycna:ino a cnqoni4no y:nun cc
ann4nnx :uopoiu, mo cnpnnauicu : ncpcncunun 4acy uu
cai:ina uoncpyuuiu i: :aupin:cnn cnc:oun :na4cnnu, po:
no4nnacicu cac u ucn ncpio( i cac nocynoun ncpciuannu
: oncpno u cnqoni4ny y:nuy.

96
P. Me0ee0nn
EHKI ACHEKTH KAHTOBOIO CTHHEVTBOPEHHH
B XOPOBHX TBOPAX M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO
Hpo:ca (oc:i(ucnnu un:nuy cn:cyuopuua:ino po:i yu
panciuoro uanouoro araoro:occu na xopouy uop4ici V. Bc
pc:ouciuoro (ocioro(ni c anuc nc unu4cnou. Honno cua:anc
ui:uo cocycicu i uop4oro (opouy inmnx un(annx uono:n
opiu oro 4acy, :oupca A. Bc(c:u, . Bopnunciuoro, C. cr
upioua a V. Ionucun4a. Hpn4nn y 4na:o uu cy`cunu
nnx, au i o`cununnx. Ho(o ocannioro, o (ouo(nicu rouopnn
npo c, mo n ca uan uu o(nn i: nani:im pcnpc:cnanunnx
uanpiu yupanciuoro y:n4noro apouo (o uinuu mc nc unu4cnnn,
npn4oy i na y:n4no(ucpc:o:nau4oy, i na uanpouocn:iouoy
piunux. Bi, y:o nccnpauc(:nuo nc a4nn n nx 4na:nx
ycnixiu, uui namc icopn4nc y:nuo:naucuo ac y unu4cnni uioro
y:n4nonocn4noro uanpy.
Ia(aco, o(na : npn4nn ncnounoro nayuouoro onpauuuannu
uanounx na(ani no:urac nacancpc( y ncanuuoy nccuiuoy
nocnuia:i uioro n:aca nauiona:ino y:n4no uy:iypn apououo
(on, y mnpoi noro can4noro aracua ui( (yxounoro,
pc:irinnoopa:i:aopciuoro (o cuiciuoro, nauiona:inonapion4
noro. B:acnc, nanpi:noaninima canua you:nu:uua:a mnpo
unn cncup unuopncannu uaniu {napa:iypri4na cqcpa, noyouc
y:nuyuannu, mui:innn cap, ucpcnna (paa, napccnnn a (y
xounnn uonucpn uu nau4a:innn (n(aun4nnn acpia: omo).
Bapo naro:ocnn n na oy, mo u youax uonupcnoro pcriony
Yupann uann ncpi(uo ni((aua:ncu ncunoy pc(aryuannu y:n4
nonocn4noro acpia:y, mo cu cycuo un:nny:o na can unu
4cnnu uioro uanpy. Bi(au ycu:a(nnucu n npoucc (oc:i(ucnnu
un:nuy yupanciuoro uanouoro araoro:occu na uanpn xopouo
y:nun, uui noyyua:n u on 4ac.
Iouopu4n npo qopn npouuy un:nuy uany na xopouy na:ipy
uop4oci V. Bcpc:ouciuoro, nopino :ucpnyn yuary ncpc(yci
na qauypnocn:icn4nnn a opa:nouanpounn acncun.
91
O:naun uanouoro cn:cyuopcnnu :naxo(no u oox xopounx
uonucpax uono:nopa {Hc oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn,
Iocno(i, uouapncu) a u i:imoci 4acnn noro iypri
{oco:nuo ucupauo u ` 4, Iocno(n, non:yn). Haoici
y npn4acnnx uipmax un:nu uanouoci ui(4yuacicu (a:cuo nc :au
u(n, xia mo :a unnuuo (cuunx cni:o(iu y Pa(ynccu, npa
uc(ni a Xua:ic Iocno(a, ` 8. Ho(o pcioro nc(i:inoro
npn4acnoro uipma oua mc nnc (cmo ni:nimc.
Ho npoana:i:yuan (cuui unuun uanouoci, :ynnniocu na
acpia:i uonucpy Iocno(i, uouapncu, uunn arao u 4oy na
ra(yc napccni uono:nui ncpmo no:ounnn XVIII c., 4nn :u`u:ou
: uanan o4cun(nnn.
Hcpm :a ucc, pca naro:ocnn, mo u uioy uopi V. Bc
pc:ouciunn nannounimc unuopncau qauypnocn:icn4ni oco
:nuoci uanouoro araoro:occu. Hcuna pi4, ocnounnn auucn
:po:cno na :acocyuanni xapaucpnoro uanouoro cpuouoro na
pa:c:inoro pyxy ucpxnix ro:ociu y noc(nanni : raponi4nn
aco. Hpoc, uu ui(oo, cnnpannu na cpuounn nn napa:c
:i:y uanoua qauypa nc un4cpnyua:acu. Toy n nauuni y uin
xopouin napnypi pyxn ro:ociu y uuinouoy, ccucouoy, ou
aunoy i nauii ccuyn(ouoy cniuui(nomcnnux, uui, (o pc4i,
nc pa: :ycpi4auicu y pn, 4onpn a n`unro:ocnx yupan
ciunx uanax XVII-XVIII c. {npo uc cui(4ai :cpcucni u
apxiuax, y:cux a i:iocuax 4nc:cnni :anncn ui(noui(nnx y
:n4nonocn4nnx cuciu).
Oco:nuo uapo ui(:na4nn ucnici a :ana`uouyuanici
c:o(nun uonucpy, uua araia cuon :uopoan acouiucicu
: uanouou y:n4nou :cucnuou.
Y cpopniui n cnax 4iuo npocynaui pncn uncuncnoro
pyxy uncpc(, o:naun ni(ncccnoci, cuuuouoci omo.
Bau:nuo :a:na4nn auou, mo n opa:nouanpoua cncunqiua
uaniu ncunou ipou :nanm:a cuoc ui:cnnu y xopounx uono
:nuiux V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Cuocpi(nou o`c(nyua:inou :anuou un
cynaui y cucn i:innnx nca:iu, uui aununo po:po:u:ncu
uu uopuun pc:irinnnx uaniu, au i uono:nopan, uui nnca:n
(yxouni uonucpn. 3ra(ano mo(o uioro xo4a :nacnnnn 187n
nca:o, na acpia:i uuoro cuopcno ui(onn uan a xopounn
uonucp Ha piuax uaui:onciunx Apciu Bc(c:u. opc4no y(c
98
:ayuaunn n c, mo cac nca:n a nouaunni {nouyni) uipmi
c npunn noncpc(nnuan yupanciunx (yxounnx uaniu, a ui(au
ui cucn : ycnixo pca:i:yua:ncu u xopounx uopax (pyro no
:ounnn XVIII no4auy XIX c.
Hc o(nn (yuc ui(onn nca:o ` 14S Xua:ic Iocno(a :
nccc :ir u ocnouy (yxounoro uana : Boror:acnnua i nc(i:i
noro npn4acnoro uipma ` 8. Hpoc, uumo uanounn napaqpa:
cucy : Innrn nca:iu ui(:na4acicu :n:iuicu (o i:innoro
(ucpc:a, o y npn4acnoy uipmi unuopncano :nmc ncpmy noc
n4ny cpoqy, uuy uono:nop uncouoxy(ounio incpnpcyuau :a
(onoorou no:iqoni4nnx :acoiu unpa:noci.
Bi, nani:imnn incpcc y (anoy unna(uy canouni
cuco:ori4nnn acncu nopiununnu c:o(n4noro acpia:y (yxou
noro uana a npn4acnoro uipma. xnu c:o(nua unuu:uc y pu(i
unna(uiu pa:u4y no(inici, npn4oy i u pni4noy a:unuy,
: icu :nmc oco:nuicu, mo oror:acnnuounn uan i:im ca
n4nnn.
Yuc ncpma y:n4nonocn4na cpoqa (yxounoro uana i: :a
u:n4nou uuapouou inonauicu :iracicu : ana:ori4nn no4auo
npn4acnoro uipma. 3ro(o u oox cucax :`uu:uuicu ncuni un
(o:inn, npoc 4ac ui( 4acy c:o(n4nnn acpia: :nou nin uon
co:i(ycicu {(nu. npnu:. ` 1). Hc i:imy cnopi(ncnici c:o
(n4nnx :inin cnoccpiraco iu nacynnou y:n4nonocn4nou
cpoqou uana i no4auo (pyro qa:n y npn4acnnuy i:iun
mo po:cniuycicu u (anoy unna(uy pi:nnn nocn4nnn cuc {(nu.
npnu:. ` 2). Tauy u cay ana:oriu ouna npouccn iu no
4auo (pyro no:ounnn uana a (pyroro ncpio(y I 4acnnn npn
4acnoro uipma {(nu. npnu:. ` 8).
I. Loo:acunn (Ho:aie, I700I70I) ,, Hpn:acun e/pm J
99
Ouc, nocaui nnannu. uunn nonnn cuc (aunimnn? 4n
nc unuopncau Bcpc:ouciunn c:o(n4nnn acpia: ui(ooro y
XVIII c. (yxounoro uana? a, ouc, naunaun pc(auopn no
4auciuoro Boror:acnnua o:uy4n:n napaqpa: 14Sro nca:y
y:nuou un(anoro yupanciuoro uono:nopa? occcnno o4no
ui(nouicn uauuo. A:c cnpoyco unc:ounn (cuui ipuyuannu :
uioro npnuo(y.
Hcpc(ouci :a:na4no, mo npn4acnnn uipm uc n:i( uo
no:nopciuo uop4oci 7ux pouiu, a Boror:acnnu un(annn y
uo:nnciuoy icc4uy Ho4acui monno y 17u1 poui. Hpoc Boro
r:acnnu uc ano:oriu yupanciunx (yxounnx uaniu {niccni)
XVII-XVIII c., i ui:uo nouipno, mo (annn uan y:o cuopcno
:a(ouro (o nouun uopy V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. Ho(o uioro nom:c
ocu na (yuy o(noro : nanauopncnimnx yupanciunx y:nuo
:oriu 8ux pouiu namoro co:iu Bopnca Iy(pnua, uunn nncau,
mo na ra:nuiuoyupanciuoy rpyni uopn Bcpc:ouciuoro no
piunuu4n (o uc:n4c:no nony:upnoci Bopnunciuoro n (ocni
mnpouoro po:noucu(ucnnu mouaunimnx uopiu Bc(c:u anuc
2.
J.
100
nc:nani
1
. 3 or:u(y na uc, ouna unc:ounn cyniu, mo i u
Ho4acui, o(imnioy ucnpi rpcuouao:nun:y i yupanciuoro no
noro unnro(pyuyuannu, (opc :na:n uop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro,
n na4c uip, uuoy y:o na on 4ac uunxoci ui( cn:n n`u
na(uui pouiu. Bi(oo u, mo npoucc cnocpnopia:ino :oua:i
:aui y:n4nnx uopiu yu o(i (ocni noui:innn. 3uauo n na
c, mo Ho4au y i poun mc nc na:cuau (o Poci.
Vouna, o(nau, i :ancpc4nn monno unc:ou:cny (yuy, :ra
(aumn, mo (o Boror:acnnua yuinm:n nony:upni uann, cuopcni
u nx pcrionax Yupann, uui uxo(n:n (o cu:a(y Poci. H(cicu
nacancpc( npo (yxouni uann . Tyna:a, I. Ionnciuoro a
I. Cuouopo(n. Hpoc noyyua:n ui uopn u Yupani ui( ca (o
n`u(ccun pouiu, :a unnuuo c(nnoro uana Cuouopo(n. 3a aunn
pnua:nn 4ac ui uann ca:n ui(oi ucin yupanciuin :u(noci, i
nc (nuno, mo uonn uimcni y no4auciuin ano:ori.
Ha ua:i, ocao4na ui(noui(i na uc nnannu mc noncpc(y,
uu i po:u`u:annu cao npo:cn (oc:i(ucnnu un:nuy uanouoro
nccuua na xopouy uop4ici uono:nopiu (pyro no:ounnn
XVIII no4auy XIX c., u oy 4nc:i V. Bcpc:ouciuoro. O(
nau uc canc ou:nun :nmc o(i, uo:n :aucpmaicu ucccoponni
y:n4no(ucpc:o:nau4i cy(i na( namnn uanounn na(annun.

1
Eq0pnn L. O:0 /cnop/i qnpaiuconoi epnoeuoi +qsnnn , Vnop0unn / aenop
nepe0+oen u. ucnuoeconn. oe/e, I00.
101
L. 0/:o
PO3BHTOK VKPAHCLKO IHCTPVMEHTAHLHO
MV3HKH B EHOXV M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO
C:aucnnn yupanciunn uono:nop XVIII c. Vaucn Bcpc
:ouciunn, mo :aucpmnu qaxouy ocuiy, (icau cxua:cnnu cuoro
a:any i nanunmc npoqccinnc un:nannu u Ia:i y qi:aponinnin
Aua(ci . Bo:oni, yuinmou y namy y:n4ny uy:iypy uu uo
pcui ucpmnnnnx nccuiunx uunm, mo nay:n :ara:inocuponcn
ciuoro :na4cnnu i ca:n xy(ouni na(annu ycioro :u(cua. Bin
no(apyuau cuiy npcupacni i caoyni uopn, uui upauaui cuocu
:u(unicu, qi:ocoqciuou r:nnnou i anccpnicu uono:nop
ciuo cxniun. Bonn :axon:uui c:yxa4iu couinnou nacn4cnicu,
ucupaun c:o(n:o, unnuuouo onun ui(4yu qopn a
:a(oraponi4nnx nuanciu, :ncuy4n unuopncannu no:iqoni4
nnx :acoiu po:poun can4noro acpia:y, ncpc(yci, r:nnn
nou (yxounicu :icy.
Hc cocycicu u ncpmy 4cpry noro xopouo cna(mnnn. Hpoc
i u incpycna:inin y:nui uin npou:a(au noui m:uxn, npo mo
ouna cy(nn na ocnoui noun mo c(nnoro :nan(cnoro n ony:i
uouanoro u nam 4ac noro incpycna:inoro uopy cupnnuouo
conan. nu ui(:na4a:n cy4acni yupanciui (oc:i(nnun H. Icpacn
ouaHcpcn(ciua, V. Rp4cnuo, V. Ccnancnuo, O. Ha:annun
cnuo a inmi, y uop4oci V. Bcpc:ouciuoro cnoccpiracicu cnn
c: :axi(nocuponcnciuo {ia:inciuo) a cxi(nocuponcnciuo {yu
panciuo) npoqccinnnx pa(nuin. B nin 4iuo npoccuycicu no
c(nannu araoro yupanciuoro c:ocy, c:noccpc(nio :acuocnoro
nn u poun (nnncua i unoci, a auou na piuni rcncn4no
na`ui, i :axi(nocuponcnciuo uono:nopciuo muo:n, u ncpmy
4cpry ia:inciuo, uua u on 4ac ui(irpaua:a un:na4ny po:i y
y:n4noy uni Cuponn. Tuopn uic uono:nopciuo muo:n y:n
nomnpcni i na Yupani, i u Hccpyp:i, (c ncui npouiu :na4ny
4acnny cuoro unu au (o noro pari4noro :aucpmcnnu i au
ou:nuici no:nanonnci : nnn, nc uauy4n uuc npo nau4annu
i ncpcyuannu u Ia:i.
102
3un4anno, V. Bcpc:ouciunn nc ir nponn i nou: qaxounn
(ocui( ui4n:nunnx y:nuaniu, uanpouy po:aici npoqccinnoro
i qo:iu:opnoro nccuua Yupann, a auou un:nu qo:iu:opnnx
pa(nuin yupanciuo incpycna:ino a uoua:ino y:nun, mo
no:onn:n o(imnin noy pocinciuo co:nui Hccpypra.
Toy uau:nuo naupcc:nn ocnouni cann po:unuy yupanci
uoro incpycna:inoro nccuua u pi:nnx n:omnnax, uui u cy
uynnoci noc:yun:n ni(rpynu (:u unnnuncnnu nccuiunx :pa:
uiu unmoro piunu, cuopcnnx V. Bcpc:ouciun, . Bopnunciun,
:ro(o I. Pa4nnciun, O. n:oryo a inmnn uono:nopan.
Ouc, canou:cnnu n po:unou incpycna:ino y:nun no
u`u:ani : araouiuoun npoucco cuo:uui yupanciuoro y:n4noro
nccuua. Bau:nun cano ca:a y:n4na uy:iypa Inu
ciuo Pyci, npo (ocurncnnu uuo cui(4ai :icpaypni nccuiui
na`uun a apxco:ori4ni po:uonun. Hc y:nua unuuoro (uopy
{rpa na pi:noaninnx incpycnax, aunx, uu ryc:i, :unu,
opran omo), uinciuoua y:nua {rpa na (yxounx incpycnax,
ynax), napo(nc y:nuyuannu u pauax cuoopomno pa(nui
{ui(noui(nnn napo(nnn incpycnapin). Hpoc upnca:i:auiu ca
oynix nauiona:innx pnc uioro un(y nccuua no4nnacicu
y cnouncny rcpo:y cnoxy un:uo:innx pyxiu XVI-XVIII c.,
uo:n u napo(nin npaunui y:nuyuannu cu:a:ncu yca:cni nopn
nicncuopcnnu, unpon:ncu cuocpi(ni npnucn cn:u. Pi:noa
nini uanpn napo(no y:n4no uop4oci nicnu, anou, (y
a caui unuouopnou ocnouou po:unuy yupanciuo npo
qccinno y:nun, u oy 4nc:i incpycna:ino.
Bc:nuoro nomnpcnnu u noyi napo(y napau uoua:inoinc
pycna:innn uanp icopn4na (ya. Bin nociu ucnpa:inc
icuc u y:n4nin uy:iypi XVI-XVIII c., a noro noci uo
:api, an(ypncn a :ipnnun :(oy:n c:auy n nomany nc i:iun
ccpc( npocoro :u(y, a npn (uopax :nannx uc:iou, pocinciunx
uapiu, no:iciunx, nicuiunx uopo:iu. 3au(uun x nccuuy yu
panciua y:nua mun(uo nomnpn:aci na cpcni cyci(nix c:ou`un
ciunx napo(iu, nani:imc pociun, i:opyciu i no:uuiu a y upanax
3axo(y.
Hpo incpycna:iny y:nuy XVI-XVIII c. :cpcr:ocu a:o
(ocouipnnx qaun4nnx (annx. Icna y:nuaniuuipyo:iu, uui y
:n uo(no4ac i uono:nopan, u i:imoci unna(uiu nc (inm:n
(o nac, uu i anuc nc :cpcr:ocu uop4oro acpia:y : nx 4aciu.
103
O(nau 4acuouo npo x (iu:inici :nouy u aun ouna cy(nn
: icopn4nnx a :icpaypnnx na`uou, a auou : npaui (oc:i(
nnuiu icopnuouy:iypnoro npouccy oro ncpio(y.
Han(aunimi ui(ooci :naxo(no u no:iciunx icopn4nnx (uc
pc:ax XVI-XVII c. Tau, nanpnu:a(, npo (yy uuc u XVI c.
:ra(yui C. Capnnuiunn, V. Pcn, B. Hanpouiunn, V. Iocp
niuiunn, C. Vopmnn a in. Y :axi(nocuponcnciunx oprannnx i
:uncunx pyuonncax XVI-XVII c. :naxo(no ui:nn pu( :pa:uiu
yupanciuo anuuua:inonoyouo y:nun {uc, :oupca, uo:a4
un), mo cui(4ni npo x nony:upnici ccpc( araiox napo(iu
Cuponn. o nnx na:cuai :ipua ycuuiuoro : 162u p., ia:in
ciua ay:aypa Capino Iapci (a Hapa, :uncua ay:aypa
Virginii BcnaIy von Ccncma, 164u, u:auipna ay:aypa : 164u
p., mo :cpcr:acu u Incnyi nccuuo:naucua c:ouauiuo Aua
(ci nayu, (c :aqiucouannn ancui ni( na:uou Chorca Kozacky.
Yupanciunn inonauiun nponn:ani uopn A:icpa :yropau,
ui(ooro ni( icnc an(ypnca Bonamua {cnnui:iua :uncua
ay:aypa : 161u p.,)
1
,incpycna:ina y:nua : iuiuciuo a
y:aypn XVI-XVII c., :pa:un uuo onpauuuau a uuiu y cy4acny
unuonauciuy npaunuy Yupann Vnpoc:au Cuopnu, a in.
Hani:imc incpycna:innx uopiu, mo noyyua:n na Yu
pani u XVI-XVII c., :cpcr:oci y pyuonncnoy :ipnnuy :
XVII c., :nan(cnoy no:iciun y:nuo:nauuc Cui Io:oco u
1u62 p. u nrc::onciuin i:iocui. Bin yu ncpcn:ccnnn u o
u:a(nnuy yniaciuo C:yun ouo {16Su p.) i na:cuau unuci
uoy apxicnicuonoui i npono:noui Innpiany oxouciuoy. Ty
npc(cau:cni cuiciui n pc:irinni nicni, anui {:na4nou ipou no
u`u:ani : c:o(nuou i pniuou yupanciunx napo(nnx niccni),
uopn (:u incpycna:innx anca:iu, co:ini uopn (:u u:aui
mnnx incpycniu {u:auccnna ao oprana), napi unqpouanoro
aca c: c:iu i napi unqpouanoro aca : ucpuounoc:ou`unciun
cuco. I xo4 arao uopiu nanncani ncui(onn auopan ao
aui no:iciui na:un {oco:nuo uc cocycicu anuiu), uonn
ni(ucp(uyui, mo na Yupani y:o po:unncnc nc :nmc noyouc
y:nuyuannu, a n qaxouc unuonaucuo na pi:nnx incpycnax,
y oy 4nc:i na u:auimnnx.
1
H/ e/0o+ocn/ s no:un+ nocn:auu+ ua /uose+u/ 0epe:a no0ac . Eopu/ q s.
Vnpaiucone +qsnnosuaecneo. Pnn. . E., I07I. C. I0J.
104
Hauunici y pyuonncy incpycna:innx ypnuuiu : yniaciunx
:iypri4nnx uono:nuin, unqpouani acn, no(ani : ucpuounoc:o
u`unciunn cucan, a auou oupcnn qpa:an c: cucy {ui(
piox (o (ccun auiu), (o:uo:uui :ponn uncnouou, mo uuc
u uinui XVII c. (cuui yniaciui cuumcnnun ca:n :anpoua(uyuan
y rpcuouao:nuiunn opu( incpycna:iny y:nuy. Bona :uy4a:a
pa:o : xopoun cniuo ao caocinno iu ncunnn o:nuan,
incp:u(i unuonyua:nci na oprani ao incpycna:innn an
ca:un. Hanpnu:a(, u ocannin 4ucpi XVIII c., uu noui(o:uc
ra:nuiunn y:nuan Hocnq : Bo:imoua, npn ucpuui cu. Icopriu
y iuoui icnyua:a y nounoy cu:a(i uoua:inoxopoua uanc:a :
npcupacnn pcncpyapo capocuiciunx uopiu pi:nnx uono:no
piu, uua y:a y unmoy po:uuii npn :aucnnin na`ui npcoc
uumcnnoy apxicpc Cuopona(ciuoy
1
.
Bi(ooci npo unuopncannu incpycna:ino y:nun, :oupc
a oprana, y ui(npauax npauoc:auno ucpuun :naxo(no y npaui
H. A:cnnciuoro, uunn onncyc no(opou annoxinciuoro napiapxa
Vauapiu no Yupani u:iuy 164 p. Hi( 4ac ui(ui(nn ucpuun u
. Yani, a :ro(o y c. Vaniuiuui {cncp Bcpuaciuo o:) uin
a4nu, uu niu4i cniua:n : oprano no cuox nonnx unnrax
2
.
Y (pyrin no:ounni XVII a unpo(ouu XVIII c. unnnuaui
noui occpc(un incpycna:ino y:nun. Hc y:n4ni ucxn u yu
panciunx icax {ocanni 4aco :`uun:ncu noui (ani, mo po:
mnpuui nami :nannu npo rcorpaqiu x qynuuionyuannu, a cac
npo icnyuannu y:n4noro ucxy u Hcpcnm:i {174 p.)
8
, y:nua
u uo:auiuoy uinciuy, po:i uuo u pi:ni 4acn y:a pi:nou. Ha
3anopi:iuin Ci4i y:nuann rpa:n ni( 4ac noxo(iu a cuuuyuani
ncpcorn, :ycpi4cn roccn, na oqiuinnoypo4ncnx ucpconiux
npn opanni rciana a uo:auiuo capmnnn. o y:n4noro in
cpycnapiu uo:auiunx opuccpiu na:cua:n pyn, cypn, nn
ma:un, ynn, :iaupn. Cy(u4n : onncy opu(y unopiu uomouoro
oaana, no(anoro . nuopnnuiun u Icopi :anopi:iunx uo:a
1
Vnpaiucone +qsnnosuaecneo. Pnn . E., I07I. C. I87.
2
Hqnemecnene aunnoancnoo nanpnapaa Manapn e Poccnu e no:oenue X\II eena,
onncauuoe eo cuuo+ apan0nanouo+ Hae:o+ 4:enncnn+. Pnn. 2 M., I807. C. 22.
8
Hee:oconn C. Mqsn:ue nnn Hepe+nm: ,, Hepe+nm:o saa/0un acn/ou
Vnpaiun. Hou Hopn 0/:a0e:oq/, I0I. C. JI8.
105
uiu
1
, oco:nuo ui(noui(a:iny qynuuiu unuonyuau (ounm. Bin
cu:nuau uo:auiu na uinciuouy pa(y, unnuau4n u 4iuo pcr:acn
ouanoy nopu(uy (pi na :iaupax. Hcn incpycn y XVIII c.
uxo(nu (o cu:a(y :anopi:iunx uinciuounx u:cnno( apnyiu
uo:auiuo u:a(n nopu( : uoporuou, y:auou, yn4yuo a
nc4auou, npn uunx ui(yua:nci uinciuoui pa(n. aunimc, :a 4aciu
Bor(ana Xc:innuiuoro, u 4nc:o u:cnno(iu uxo(n:n i(ni uo:n
2
.
Cac u uo:auiuoy ccpc(ounmi cqopyua:ncu xapaucpni pn
cn yupanciuo incpycna:ino y:nun {cncunqi4nnn incpycn
apin, cn:ioui n uanpoui oco:nuoci, nou`u:ani : qo:iu:opo)
8
.
Hpoc nic:u :iuui(aui 3anopi:iuo Ci4i qynuui yupanciunx
y:nuaniu :inn:ncu. Ha iuocpcuui uonn y:n ncpcuc(cni y
:ponni uopnycn npn aricpaax. x :au(annu ca:o rpan na
pi:nnx (cpuaunnx ypo4ncocux. Ha Hpauocpcuui uonn :ymcni
y:n po:uauan no:iciunx uopo:iu i arnaiu. 3 x 4nc:a y:o
cuopcno incpycna:ini n uo:auiui uanc:n opaniciu, mo na
(aua:n no:iciuoy uinciuy :ounimnioro :ncuy a nnmnoci.
Iouopu4n npo inmi occpc(un incpycna:ino y:nun u Yu
pani, c:i( na:uan uc:nuy ui:iuici opuccpiu a incpycna:innx
anca:iu, mo uxo(n:n (o au :uannx nane: ao nane:/ npn
iciunx aricpaax, noimnuiunx ca(nax, y4ounx :au:a(ax,
ucpuuax omo. Bac nani:imo x aununoci npnna(ac na
XVIII c., xo4 oupci uo:cunun unnnu:n panimc u uinui
XVII c., a inmi npo(ouuyua:n cuou (iu:inici au (o no:ounnn
XIX c.
Hanpnu:a(, Inuciuy aricpa:iny uanc:iu {opuccp) y:o
:acnouano u 1627 poui npn o:pocnoy uopnyci iman a uynuiu.
Y 8ux pouax XVIII c. uopnyc {a pa:o : nn i opuccp) yu
::iuui(ouannn i ui(nou:cnnn :nmc y 176S p. Ianc:a cu:a(a:acu
: uicina(uun oci na 4o:i : uanc:icnccpo i nanpa:acu :
ui:innx xy(ounnuiu. (iu:inici y:a cnpuouana na oc:y
rouyuannu iciuoro nacc:cnnu.
3na4ny po:i y canou:cnni y:n4noro npoqcciona:i:y u Yu
pani ui(irpa:n 4nc:cnni upinauiui uanc:n n opuccpn u acuax
1
ueopunonn (. I. Icnop/ sanop/sonna nosan/e. To+ I. E., I000. C. I1.
2
Ta+ e. 3anopocnne eocnoeue n:euo0u. C. 221-22, 2J0.
8
ueopunonn (. I. Icnop/ sanop/sonna nosan/e. To+ I. Xapannepncnnna sanopo
cnoo nosana. C. 21, 21.
106
aranx noimnuiu, nanpnu:a(, I. Ia:arana na Ho:aumnni,
H. I:innuiuoro na Bo:nni a in., a auou rcianiu Iuana Bpu
xoucuiuoro, ann:a Anoco:a, Iuana Va:cnn, Inpn:a Po:you
ciuoro. Ianc:a ocannioro, xop uuo : uc:nun ycnixo uncynau
y Vocuui u 178 p., c:aun:aci cuo uncoun qaxoun piunc,
npo mo nncau ui(onn :naucui oro4acnoro nccuua nuo Hc
:in. Y I:yxoui na Yupani y:o oprani:ouano uanc:y, no(ino
(o uuo (oci nc icnyua:o. B nin y:o nona( 4u npcupacno nau
4cnnx y:nuaniu, : uunx uounnn ir uncynnn : 4ccu i
caocinno na cuocy incpycni
1
. numo upaxyuan, mo (nnn
cuo i nau4annu y:nun V. Bcpc:ouciuoro npoxo(n:o u I:yxoui
i, ou:nuo, u cain uanc:i I. Po:youciuoro u Baypnni, o
uauuo ncpcouinnn po:i y y:n4noy po:unuy un(anoro uo
no:nopa.
nu ui(oo, (o nac (inm:a uc:n4c:na noo:ipnu uo:cuui po
(nnn Po:youciunx, ccpc( uunx unuun:aci uc:nua ui:iuici cn
qonin, uonucpiu, cona, uacpnnx anca:iu, co:innx incpycn
a:innx uopiu :axi(nocuponcnciunx uono:nopiu (:u u:auccnna,
oprana, cupnnun, riapn, (yxounx incpycniu omo. Hc, c:nc
pc4no, (ouycna:ino ni(ucp(uyc cxni4ni ou:nuoci yupan
ciunx y:nuaniu, :(annx unuonyuan po:unncni uacpni n cn
qoni4ni uopn oro4acnnx ancpiu uono:nui, cynpouo(uyuan
uncynn cniuauiu, oncpni uncaun i . (. Y pcncpyapi upinauiunx
uanc: y:n auou uopn icucunx uono:nopiu. Ha ua:i, xni
icna na nc ui(oi.
I xo4 npoucc ra:iyuaucu couia:inn i nauiona:inn rnio
yupanciuoro napo(y, u uinui XVIII c. incpycna:ina y:nua
:auonouyc (ocni uncouy uop4y no:nuiu.
Y pu(i uypna:iu a a:ioiu, mo unxo(n:n u Vocuui i Hc
cpyp:i {Vy:iua:inin uypna: (:u (a, Vy:iua:inic yuc
cc:cnnu, Iapannau unnuua :unc:cn y:iun a in.), :`uu
:ucicu nn:ua anoninnx incpycna:innx n`cc, :acnouannx na
c:o(iux yupanciunx napo(nnx niccni i anuiu. Hc ncpcuauno
ncuc:nui uopn nny apanuyuani i uapiauin, po:paxouani na (o
amnin yunou.
Taui apanuyuannu :a xapaucpo unu:a(y a:o 4n ui(pi:
nu:ncu ui( ny:iuauin napo(nnx niccni y nonnx :ipnnuax
1
ne:/u u. Mqsuna n a:en e Poccnn X\III eena. C. 00.
101
XVIII no4auy XIX c. aunx, nanpnu:a(, uu Copannc pyc
cunx npocix ncccn c noan B. u. Tpyouciuoro {1776-
17u), u III i IV unnycuax uuoro no(ano pu( yupanciunx niccni,
Copannc pyccunx napo(nix ncccn c nx ro:ocan, no:oucnnix
na y:iuy H. Hpa4c {177u), (c uimcno 16 yupanciunx,
Ho:noc copannc capix n nouix poccnncunx napo(nix n
npo4nx ncccn (:u qopcnnano, :ipannx i un(annx y 17u7-
17uS pp. H. Icpccncpro a u. . iapo, ccpc( uunx c
auou yupanciui.
o ncpmnx (pyuouannx :pa:uiu yupanciuo incpycna:ino
y:nun na:cuai yupanciunn ancui cpryncui a yupanciua
napo(na nicnu nu cua:a:a aycu. Bonn y:n uimcni u nc
cpyp:iuoy uypna:i Vy:iua:inic yuccc:cnnu :a 1774 piu
nopu( i: :axi(nocuponcnciunn anuun a npo4nn :anunin
myuan, mnpouo po:noucu(ucnnn u y:n4noy noyi o(im
nio pocinciuo apncoupai. Hcpma n`cca ui(opauac npnnon
rpn na cupnnui : aco {oco:nuo u uinucunx auax nnouo
cupnnuoui mnpoui auop(n y ucpxnin cpi4ui u:auipy). pyra n`cca,
naunaun, :nu4a (o qopcniannoro unu:a(y.
Yupanciui nicccnnoanuuua:ini c:o(i :ycpi4auicu u a
raiox co:innx i anca:cunx n`ccax. 3oupca, uiuaunn c apan
uyuannu (:u porouoro anca:u :i :ipou Porouon y:iun pa:
nic my4un n ncccnun a nonypi : 12n pi:nnx pocinciunx
niccni i yucpupa (o nony:upno oncpn Una cosa rara B. Vap
inaiCo:cpa, mo :cpiracicu y noo:ipni Po:youciunx. Y (py
rin : unx :ipou c onpauiouani yupanciui nicni, :oupca, Ha
cpcuuy y cauua, a(uc I. Po:youciunn (cuunn 4ac au y
Baypnni i porounn opuccp, mo na:i4yuau 86 y:nuaniu.
B ocannin 4ucpi XVIII c. y:o ony:iuouano ui:nn pu(
uo:a4uiu y pi:nnx apanuyuannux. Io:a4ou y qopcniannoy unu
:a(i na(pyuouannn u Vy:iua:ino uypna:c {17uu p), Io:au
i Io:a4ou (:u cupnnun i qopcniano u Houo poccnncuo
ncccnnnuc u 17u2 p., Io:a4ou (:u qopcniano Vcuucpa {iu
17u6-17u7 pp.), Io:a4ou {uapiaui) : Iapannon unnuun (:u
:unc:cn y:iun na 17u6 ro(, Cn.
numo i:imici uopiu no:na4cni npocoou i qauypnou o(
nonnnicu unu:a(y, o uuc Io:a4ou {uapiaui) (:u nianoqopc,
uu i pu( inmnx uapiauin na napo(ni cn, (concpyc po:ai
un(n qauypn i npnnon po:ropannu c.
108
o ncpmnx :pa:uiu uapiauin na napo(ny cy, cuopcnnx
yupanciunn nuun, na:cuai Bapiaui na pocinciui nicni
(:u u:auiuna:a ao (:u qopcniano B. u. Tpyouciuoro,
un(ani u Hccpyp:i u 17Su p.. Hc (ua unu:n na c:o(i noro
:ipnnua npouuno Y (opounoro (oporo o:o(ua i an
uuua:ino Bo :cco4uc uoapo4uou noro ypo(n:oci, inona
uinno :n:iuo (o yupanciuo napo(no nicni Himou (i( no
rpnn. Bonn no(ani ncpcuauno y (uoro:ocoy unu:a(i, (c
qo:iu:opnnn nacniu :uy4ni uu ocinao u ycix uapiauiux {no
ncpcinno o u npauin, o u :iuin pyui), no(cuo:n :ara4yu4nci
:au(uun qauypnn qirypauiu.
Io:a4ou : uapiauiun no:na4cnnn po:aou :a(ouou
cpyuypou. Ccpc(nnni uapiaui {11-14) :uy4ai u o(noncnnoy
inopi i unocui :a(ounn uonpac. 3au(uun uioy qopa ui:oro
na:nuacicu (o pn4acnnnoci. Ty uc cnoccpiraco i aracuo
qauypnnx npnnoiu. y uociin uapiaui apnc(uio : ncpcun
(annu pyu, u o(nna(uuin ouuannn unu:a(, y (uana(uu
in ni(ro:ocuouono:iqoni4nnn nn qauypn : rocpnn :ica
u:cnnun (nnaiun {I, p) omo.
Incncnunc y:n4nc unu i (ocanin piucni unuonauciuo
uy:iypn you:nun:n nouuy icucunx uop4nx ua(piu. Cnnpa
u4nci na icnyu4y unuonauciuy a:y, uono:nopn nnca:n uopn
pi:nnx uanpiu i qop, ncpcu:a(a:n (:u incpycna:inoro un
uonannu ypnuun : oncpno a xopouo :icpaypn :axi(nocupo
ncnciunx nuiu, :(incnuua:n incpycna:ini opoun napo(
nnx niccni.
3na4nnn unccou u yupanciuy uacpnoincpycna:iny n
cnqoni4ny y:nuy uinuu XVIII c. :ponu un(annn npc(caunnu
ui4n:nunoro nccuua . Bopnunciunn auop pu(y uono
:nuin uc:nuo qopn, mo :a :ico i qopou canou:ui :pa:ou
uncouoro npoqcciona:i:y. Hc conan, uuincn, uuapc, uonucp,
cnqoniu a in. B nnx ui(uopcni cn:ioui c:ccnn :axi(nocu
poncnciuoro u:acnun:y : noro ra:annorpauio:nn xapauc
po, cpyuypnou unpi:i:cnicu. Cnopi(ncnici : yupanciuou na
po(nou niccnnicu unuun:aci y nioro, uu i y V. Bcpc:ouciuoro,
u :ara:inin nacniunoci y:nun.
O(nau xpono:ori4no ncpmn incpycna:inn anca:cun
uopo uc:nuo qopn y:a Conaa (:u cupnnun a 4ca:o
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro, nanncana u Ia:i 1772 pouy.
109
3a cuo cuponcnciun qaxoun piunc uona, uu i nanncani
u uux pouax uopn . Bopnunciuoro, cycuo unpi:nu:acu :no
iu o(imnix :pa:uiu ui4n:nuno incpycna:ino y:nun i :ac
ui(4n:a nounn can po:unuy yupanciuoro incpycna:inoro n
ccuua. nu c:ymno :a:na4nu ui(onn y:nuo:naucui B. Bnunui
unn, Bcpc:ouciunn ncpmnn u icopi yupanciuo y:nun auop
incpycna:inoro uopy conanoro n:any
1
. Ouc, ouna ui:uo
npnc(nancu (o noro (yun npo c, mo ocnouono:ounnuo yu
panciuoro y:n4noro u:acnun:y yu Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn
2
.

H. Tenep/ua
HAHKOBCLKHH I LOPTHHHCLKHH
B icopi ui4n:nunoro y:n4noro nccuua cnoxa Bopnun
ciuoro n cnoxa Banuouciuoro no araiox 4n nc nanuau:nuimnx
cn:icn4nnx o:nauax (ocni pi:uo uonpacyui, a 4aco nauii
nponcoui o(na o(nin.
Bopnunciunn y cuon y:nui anuc :auu(n m:uxcno
cpnannn i (cmo ui(coponcnnn ui( c:yxa4a. :u nioro ocn
c:cna cpynuici i raponi4na po:ipnici naarao uau:nuimi
ui(ucpo couinnoro unc:ou:cnnu no4yiu. Hc noucnucicu nc
:nmc xapaucpo noro uop4o oconcoci, a n npnpo(nn :i
ro oconcnx xy(ounix cauiu : cccn4nnn nopan y:n4
noro u:acnun:y.
Banuouciunn uc y cuox uopax po:upnuac ucu (ymy na:y
cpi4 c:yxa4cui. Y npoucci uop4oci uono:nop nin cna:uc ccc
(o:a, (o ocanuy, i cac uc napa(ouca:ino ui(po(uyc noro uop4y
1
Pnnenonn Pacn:o. Mancn+ Lepesoeconn. nnn / neop:/cno. oe/e, I00. C. 0.
2
Ta+ e. C. 01-0.
110
naypy (o unu. Taunn cccnuoncnxo:ori4nnn qcnocn oyo
u:cnnn nc :nmc u:acnuocun noro poann4no in(nui(ya:inoci,
a n noro :ara:inou cxn:inicu (o cccn4nnx npnnunniu a i(ca
:iu poann:y.
Bopnunciunn naupu( 4n :auu(n ycui(o:cno nparnc ui(uo
pnn y cuon y:nui nauiona:inonapo(nc na4a:o, yupanciui a
niu(cnnopocinciui niccnni inonaui 4aco npopocaui u noro
c:o(iux nino no:a naipan uono:nopa. Banuouciunn uc,
naunaun, ycia cn:an nparnc u y:nui ::nncu : nacniuan n
inonauiun pocinciuo napo(no nicni. A:c u pc:y:iai ncpi(uo
unnnuac napa(ouc. 4n cn:inimc uin naaracicu unuunn cni:inc
uopinnu napo(no a npoqccinno y:nun, n pc:icqnimc npo
cynac u nioro qaa:inc po:cuyuannu (uox mapiu pocinciuo
uy:iypn, npc(cau:cnnx cc:uncuo i xy(ouniou inc:ircnuicu.
Enoxa Bopnunciuoro :(ci:imoro opicnouana na mc(cupn
ia:inciuo uono:nopciuo muo:n npo uc cui(4ai raponiu,
incpycnouua, xapaucpni inonaui uu co:iciu, au i xopy {xo4a
un:nu qpanuy:iuo y:nun c c:cyniunn).
Enoxa Banuouciuoro (o ia:inciuo y:nun caunicu (cmo
:ucpxnio, ino(i nauii ui(upno ncxyc ncu. Ha ncpc(nin n:an
unxo(ni aucponicuiua uono:nopciua muo:a : npnnoan
raponi:aui, opuccpouun i :cnonunou (paaypricu {xo4a
un:nu qpanuy:iuoro y:n4noro nccuua i y unuu:ucicu (yuc
cn:ino).
O(nau, uumo rouopnn npo nannpnnunnouimi ocnn, uui
::nuyui uop4i npnnunnn Banuouciuoro i Bopnunciuoro, o
(yuc uau:nuo ni(upcc:nn, mo cac cau:cnnu (o ia:inciuo
y:nun c icu ra:y::u, (c Banuouciunn nponcoi cuon cnoci
i (c noro nor:u(n arao u 4oy unuu:uuicu co:i(apnnn :
xy(ounin nor:u(an cnoxn Bopnunciuoro.
Vayi, : ycix ui(onx pocinciunx uono:nopiu (pyro no
:ounnn XIX c. Banuouciunn i:imc :a inmnx cxn:innn (o pi:
noro po(y ia:i:iu ui( ancpn xapaucpno ia:inciuo c:c
rannoci u y:n4nnx unc:ou:uuannux (o npuoro :ucpncnnu (o
ia:inciunx uanpiu a cuuciu {mo ino(i ui(opaucno u na:uax
noro uopiu), ui( ncpcuopcnnu ia:inciunx anuuua:innx pniu
(o (nuoununo oprani4noro noc(nannu pocinciunx poancounx 4n
napo(noniccnnnx inonauin : npnnoan ia:inciuoro hcl canIo,
ui( npnnunniu raponi:aui : 4acn unuopncannu napa:c:innx
111
cpuin i ccuc (o uinnu onuo ncpc(auan ia:inciunn uo:opn
:acoan qauypn a opuccpouun.
Bau:nuou ocaunnou, uua ::nuyc uop4i no:nui Ban
uouciuoro a Bopnunciuoro, c x cui(oc n ni(cui(oc (an:nuo
niunc cau:cnnu (o yupanciuo cniuauiuo pa(nui u nanmnpmoy
po:yinni uioro c:oua.
Inmn iconn ocno, uunn o`cununo oyounu ::n
ucnnu y:nun Banuouicuoro i Bopnunciuoro, c:i( na:uan un
nnu:y u ccpc(nni XIX c. i noi noino nocn:cny o(y unuo
pncouyuan u xy(ounix uopax uc:nui qparcnn, unpnani u
cn:i 4acy uapuuannu Iacpnnn II. Tauoro po(y cn:i:auiu
opuny:acu cqcpn apxicuypn {ouna uua:an y, nanpnu:a(,
na na:aun, :y(ouani :a npocuo apxicuopa A. Haucnmncn
(cpa), oxonn:a uci un(n yunuouoro nccuua {ui( c:iu (o
oqop:cnnu uainnnx ro(nnnnuiu), a (c u 4oy un:nny:a n na
qopyuannu cccn4noro cauy ny:iun oncpnnx capiu.
Y (opouy Banuouciuoro c ui:iua uopiu pi:nnx uanpiu, uui
icu 4n inmou ipou ui(nuaui o(y na auy pcpocncununy
cn:i:auiu. B nin cuocpi(no noc(na:ncu o:naun piox cn:iu. a
pouo, pououo i pannioro u:acnun:y {ccpc( aunx uopiu Ba
piaui na cy pououo (:u uio:on4c:i : opuccpo, cua npn
(uopnnx anuiu : oncpn Ioua:i Bauy:a a in.). Cnnaiu uo
no:nopa (o y:nun ra:anno cnoxn :acui(4nu qau noro :ro(n
na npono:nuiu (npcuui Vapinciuoro capy ncpcnccn (iu oncpn
Hiuoua (aa, uuy uin o(i nncau, : nymuinciuoro 4acy u ocannc
(ccun:iu npau:innu Iacpnnn II. 3po:yi:o, uc pimcnnu (aua:o
ou:nuici auopoui :acoan cao y:n4no cn:icnun nocn:nn
cni:o(n nponcau:cnnu ro:ounoro rcpou Icpana noro cy
cni:inoy oo4cnnu, uu:u4cni u pi:ni mapn icopn4no ncnxo:ori.
A:c cnpaua i y unypimnin cxn:inoci xy(ounnua. Ccpc( cni:o(iu
Hiuouo (an, uui y:n4no xapaucpn:yui pocinciunn noy
cui XVIII-XIX c. {xop x:on4nuiu, (yc i:n a Ho:inn, po
cinciunn (iuo4nn anou, unpnannn y ancpi O. Io::ouciuoro,
apanunpouua no:onc:y Io::ouciuoro Ipo noc(i, pa:(auancu,
unan : oncp Ipcpi, :aco:ini nicni 4:cniu ouapncua uapupiu),
nani:imn qparcno, c: cyniuy, c Hacopa:i : III (i oncpn.
Bpaxouyu4n : o(noro ouy, (nuoununo o4nc ui(uopcnnu ucix
o:nau cac pocinciuo npn(uopno nacopa:i, a : (pyroro, ui:
uouny ui(cynici :a unu Banuouciuoro nonnx ny:iuauin a
112
nayuouo :icpaypn : uioro nnannu, y:nuo:naucui O. Po:anou
uncynyu ncpcuon:nuy rinoc:y npo :nanocuo {xan noucpxouc!)
Banuouciuoro : napnypan :ipnuonacopa:innx oncp Bopnun
ciuoro, cuononouannx (:u unuonannu npn a:oy (uopi nac
ynnnua npcco:y, anynioro incpaopa Hau:a I.
Icna (uox uono:nopiu na:auu(n noc(na:ncu u mnpououi
(ooy un(anni ni( na:uou Hounc :ipannu (yxounoy:n4nnx
uopiu . C. Bopnunciuoro u pc(auui H. I. Banuouciuoro. Ta
unn :u`u:ou ui(irpau nc npoco xy(ouniocccn4ny, a n uy:iyp
nocycni:iny i nauii couia:iny po:i u icopi ui4n:nuno y:n4no
uy:iypn, caumn npanopo opoin :a onou:cnnu npauoc:auno
ucpuouno y:nun, :a uap(nna:inc :incnnu you icnyuannu.
Toy qcnocn 3ipannu uopiu Bopnunciuoro u pc(auui Ban
uouciuoro c:i( po:r:u(an : (uox ouiu. i::ouni uu ui(opa
ucnnu cycni:inouy:iypnnx npoucciu 7u-Sux pouiu XIX c. i
:ccpc(nnn uu cuocpi(nnn cnnc: auopciunx {u:acnuncciunx)
ycpc:ini Bopnunciuoro i pc(auopciunx {poann4nnx) uop4nx
cn(cnuin Banuouciuoro.
Hpn4nnn no(in, mo npnuc:n (o pc(aryuannu Banuouciun
(yxounnx uopiu Bopnunciuoro, curaui nx 4aciu, uo:n Banuou
ciunn mc nc napo(nucu, a Bopnunciunn (ounuau ocanni poun
i :anaucu ni(cyouyuannu cuoc (iu:inoci ui( cnccan:aui
xopounx onyciu a x un(annu (o {cyo upn(n4noro) un:na4cnnu
icuu Hpn(uopno cniuauiuo uanc:n u xopouin uy:iypi upann u
ui:oy.
Cuoro 4acy Bopnunciunn o(cpuau ui( incpaopa O:cu
can(pa I icnnnn no4ccnnn npnui:cn cnoccpiran :a :ara:inn
cano npauoc:aunoro cniuy u Poci {uc cocyua:ocu n cucncpn:n
nounx uopiu a x un(annu, i ou:nuoccn x unuonannu). Inau
mc uauy4n, uin cau nounouaunn (yxounn ucn:opo y ra:y:i
npauoc:auno y:nun.
Hacynni (npcuopn uanc:n {u. H. iuou, O. u. iuou,
V. I. Baxccu) cnpnnnu:n ucn npnui:cn uu aunn, mo auoa
n4no ncpc(acicu uounoy nacynnoy ucpiunnuoui npn(uopno
uanc:n. B pc:y:iai unnnu:a :auncna uaca cyo (yxounnx uo
no:nopiu, 4cpc: mo upami y:nuann Poci y:n no:au:cni o
u:nuoci unuonyuan n un(auan cuo uopn, nanncani y pa(n
uinnnx ucpuounnx uanpax. Vy:n4na uop4ici y ucpuounin cqcpi
npnnm:a u :ancna(.
113
Tpariuoi4na uy:iinauiu uioro nponnpnpo(noro npouccy na
cynn:a u 1S7S poui, uo:n V. I. Baxccu un(au upn(n4no nc
orpynouanc po:nopu(ucnnu npo apcm ony:iuouano H. Rprcn
cono iypri Banuouciuoro. :u uonqicuaui napnyp y
CanuHccpyp:i a Vocuui y:o unuopncano nauii no:iucnciui
cn:n. H. Rprcncon no(au y cy( na Baxccua i nic:u pnpi4no
uun nauccni 1SS1 pouy unrpau cnpauy no ucix caux.
Byuua:ino nacynnoro (nu { paunu 1SS1 pouy) Rprcncon
nanncau Banuouciuoy :nca, (c noui(onu noro npo pc:y:ian
cy(y i uo(no4ac :anpononyuau noy. Bn nc xoiu n n y:un
na ccc pc(aryuannu Houoro :ipannu uopiu Bopnunciuoro, uuc
u :a(yau? Tn cnnacm. u uuoy po:yinni? B uuoy :auro(no,
ui(noui oi.
3ro(a Banuouciuoro o:na4a:a (:u Rprcncona auy orynu
ni(pnuy uioy un(aunn4oy no4nnannu, mo uin ir cncp c:
cpaxy ui(uonouyuan y uccorynio panimc Hpn(uopno cniuauiuo
uanc:n o(nn qopnoc :a inmn. 3pynnyuannu onono:i 4nnou
nnuiu(npcuopiu nounnno y:o {a cac au i ca:ocu) (an nc
a4cni panimc n:o(n y cnpaui cuopcnnu, un(annu n unuonannu
(yxounnx uopiu. Y ucpuounin y:nui nacynn:a noua cnoxa.
:u Banuouciuoro :ro(a na pc(aryuannu o:na4a:a, upi oro,
po:u`u:annu na (cuunn 4ac acpia:innx npo:c, (cuunn ui(no
4nnou, ui((u4cnnu Rprcncona, a auou npn:y4cnnu (o xy(ounio
npo:canun uanpiu npauoc:auno ucpuouno y:nun, uui uiua
un:n noro mc : 7ux pouiu. o oro u uono:nop uuno 4cuau
uinnnx (:u ccc cccn4nnx upaucni ui( :nanocua :i cna(mnnou
Bopnunciuoro {uc cno(iuannu, na ua:i, nc (yuc cnpau(n:ocu).
Banuouciunn npncynnu (o poon anuc o(pa:y, npo(ouuy
u4n u ipy na(xo(ucnnu (o nioro nonnx acpia:iu, i :auin4nu
u ocanni (ni uounu oro u 1SS1 pouy.
nui cac pyuonncn n noni un(annu nopann:n noy (o pyu,
npo uc ouna cioro(ni :nmc :(ora(yuancu. cuui : nnx ncuauuo
(ocouipno ucanounn :a nonnn pyuonncnnn uoniun cnoxn
Bopnunciuoro i capnn un(annun noro uopiu : o:iuucunn
npauuan Banuouciuoro. Hca:o inqopaui mo(o uioro ouna
:nann u :ncyuanni uono:nopa : Rprcncono. B inmnx un
na(uax ouna rouopnn npo :ucpncnnu Banuouciuoro (o un(ani
1S48 pouy {x ncpc(pyuouano c: :in : nx uc (omou y 1S4u
poui), (c cuc yuc nc yu aycnn4nnn auopciuoy i nocnu
114
c:i(n pc(aryuannu {o4cun(no, H. I. Typ4aninoua). C ni(caun
npnnycnn auou, mo Banuouciunn pnau y pyuax xopoui au
orpaqn Bopnunciuoro {x y:o :nnmcno uuc u 2ui poun
XIX c).
Pc(auuinna pooa pnua:a nc i:imc niupouy {: paunu no
uoucni 1SS1 p.). O(nau (ocni cuopo uona no4a:a (payuan
uono:nopa cuocu cxani4nou o(noaninicu. Banuouciuoro
po:4apyua:n u y:nui Bopnunciuoro i napo4na cpnanici co
uin, i u:acnuncciua yor:u(nici y noy(oui y:n4no qopn, i
ca npnnunn u:acnuncciuoro nc:cnnu cinunn ccpconnan
c:o(in, raponin i (ocni o(noaninnx no:iqoni4nnx npnnoiu.
n niuo:n nc rouopnu, nncau Banuouciunn Rprcncony, mo
Bopnunciunn ui:uouna c:(apa, ao, uumo cua:au, o :(ypy, ni(
upaucnnu ny(irn ui( uc:nuo acn noro uopiu ]...|, ucc uc
r:a(uo, 4nco, n:o, a:c o(noanino n i(no, uu ccn Xcpcon
ciuo rycpni.
3po:yi:o, Banuouciunn npcupacno :nau, mo (yxouni uopn
Bopnunciuoro au niuu nc y:n po:paxouani na unuonannu x
ni(pu(, o(noro c:i(o :a o(nn, uu :nau i c, mo u xo(i ucpuouno
c:yun uonn oou`u:uouo 4cpryuicu : nc cniuo4nn o:nuan
n 4nannu. o oro u o(noxopnnn uonucp 0o inop Cuaun
n, Iocno(n, uon4nny ou uono:nop ouinnu na(:un4anno un
couo. I uccaun niupi4nc ncpcyuannu y cqcpi anuc o(nauounx
u:acnuncciuonopanunnx c:o(n4nnx inonauin, raponin, qau
ypnnx noy(ou cn:ino ncpuyua:o noro, ui(cyuau4n na :a(nin
n:an u:acnuc noy no4yu icopn:y.
O(nau Banuouciunn pcc:ino onpauuuau acpia: i cuopnu
:ori4ny n cpynuy pc(auopciuy uonucnuiu, uua uu:u4n:a u ccc
n`ui uap(nna:innx ocniu.
1. anpounn po:no(i: nicnccniuiu na pn po:(i:n. I. iyp
ri4ni nicnccniun {4. 1 o(noxopni, 4. 2 (uoxopni, 4.8
xua:cni nicni), II. yxouni uonucpn {4. 1 o(noxopni,
4, 2 (uoxopni), III. Iinn n oupci o:nun.
2. Iacropn4ny no:nuiu, mo ncpc(a4a:a oou`u:uouici :a
cocyuannu u xopounx napnypax capounnnnx u:u4iu (o {o
rpynyuannu (nu. y :nci Banuouciuoro (o Rprcncona ui( 1u
ccpnnu 1SS1 pouy).
8. Po:(i:cnnu nonoro cucy uounoro uopy na (ui pi:ni :a
rpaqi4nn unu:a(o, a:c u:aconou`u:ani a u:aco(onounuu4i
115
4acnnn. I {3ucpxy). Baraopu(uoua xopoua napnypa y cnapo
enuuna n:u:aa : no:na4cnnu ycix cniu a (nnai4nnx uua
:iuou poc/conou +oeou, II {3nn:y). uopu(uounn u:auip(npcu
uion y cq:acuna n:u:aa : no:na4cnnu ycix cniu a (nnai
4nnx uua:iuou /na:/conou +oeou a :ara:inonpnnnunn ia
:inciunn yuucnnn cuopo4cnnun.
Viu inmn, u ony:iuouanin un(aunnuuo Vy:iua
u 1uu p. napnypi ni( na:uou 8 (yxounnx uonucpiu
. C. Bopnunciuoro u pc(auui H. I. Banuouciuoro rpyo nopy
mcno (pyrnn i pcin nynun pc(auopciuo uonucnui Banuou
ciuoro {u:u4i (o :aincni na u:u4i co:i, :nuo ni(pu(uounn
u:auip).
4. Po:mnqpyuannu qopm:ariu a inmnx c:i:iu i: uncccn
nu po:mnqpouannx no (o ocnouno c:o(n4no :ini uouno
xopouo napi.
. yuc (c:iuanc uopnryuannu Banuouciun (nnai4nnx
uua:iuou opnrina:y, mo unuu:ucicu u (cmo poann:ouanin in
cpnpcaui xopounx uopiu Bopnunciuoro.
Ha :aucpmcnnu opuniocu auoro nnannu. 4n ouco n
uncuncno rouopnn npo cnpauuni auopciui cucn ucpuounnx nap
nyp Bopnunciuoro?
Tau, c:youno. B npoucci poon na( auopn:ouann un(an
nu Hounoro :ipannu ucpuounnx uopiu Bopnunciuoro {oo
unnymcnn can uono:nopo i nn pcc:ino onpauiouann,
4cpc: mo noro ouna npnpiunun (o pyuonncnoro auorpaqy) na
nomacn:o unuunn npn:n:no u nx auopciunx pc(auuin
Bopnunciuoro, uui :ro(o y:n onpauiouani Banuouciun. Hpo
noui (ouycnn, nou`u:ani : un un(annu, npo icuc :cpirannu
no i ui(noui(ni apxiuni acpia:n n (onoui(a:n u cpc:ni 1uu
pouy na nayuouin uonqcpcnui u Hcnpa:inoy cpuaunoy y:c
y:n4no uy:iypn i. V. I. I:inun.
Bo(no4ac unuun:ocu, mo i u (opouy caoro Bopnunciuoro
:cpcr:ncu 4n nc (ui auopciui pc(auui noro ucpuounnx uopiu.
Panni pc(auui ui(nocuicu (o XVIII copi44u, ni:ni (o ncpmo
no:ounnn 2ux pouiu XIX c. ucpc:a mo(o pyuonnciu a ca
pounnnnx nonnx un(ani cnccan:ouano u Iaa:o:i (yxounnx
uopiu ]npauoc:auno pa(nui| XVIII no4.XIX c. Hcn Iaa:or
cu:a(cnnn A. B. cc(cuou {(nu. (o(aou (o :axnmcno ncu
uan(. (nccpaui).
116
Ouc, nopiununnu pc(auuin Bopnunciuoro a Banuouciuoro
cnnpacicu na ucp(nn rpyn.
/nepanqpa
1. H. H. uanoecnn. Hcpcnncua c H. H. Rprcncono V., 1u8S {:ncn
1SS1 p. ` ` 1S7, 1uu, 1u1, 1u6, 1uS, 1uu, 2uu, 2u1, 2u8, 2u4,
2u6, 2uS-218, 21-217, 21u, 22u, 227, 22S, :ncn 1SS2 p. `
` 22u, 281, 282, 28, 24u, 242, 248, 246, 2u, 268-26, 267,
:ncn 1SS8 p. ` ` 2uu, 8u4).
2. H. H. uanoecnn. C. H. Taueee. Hncia. V., 1u1. {ncn
1SS1 p. ` ` , u, 6u, 61).
8. C+o:eucnn C. P. O nyprnn, op 41, co4. Banuoucuoro {H: :n
cpaypnoupn(n4ccunx uocnonnannn) ,, Pyc. y:. ra:ca. 1uu8. `
` 42-48.
4. eeamoe E. M. Tpa(nunonnic uanpi npauoc:aunoro ncu4ccuoro nc
uyccua u uop4ccuc pyccunx uono:nopou o I:nnun (o Paxannnoua.
1S2-1u17. V., 1uu4.
Haea:ne/m/ en0auu neop/e Lopnuuconoo
1. Copannc ucpuounix co4nncnnn no( pc(. . Bopnuncuoro {narpauipo
uano u uinui 1S1ux na no4. 1S2ux pp. y CanuHccpyp:i :a
oconcnn paxynou uono:nopa. o un(annu uu:u4cno. 8 (yxounnx
uonucpiu {o(noxopni) unnymcni o(nn oo u ou:a(nnui, 1u (y
xounnx uonucpiu {(uoxopni) uounnn unnymcnnn oupcn :omno,
4 Tcc Bora xua:n {o(noxopni) i 1u Tcc Bora xua:n {(uoxop
ni), S Xcpyunciunx niccni {: nnx 7 o(noxopnnx i 1 (uoxopna),
u Tpio : xopo, Hpn4acni { o(noxopnnx i 11 (uoxopnnx), 11
ncpcu:a(cni capounnnnx nacniuiu {o(noxopni), oupci xopn (:u ucc
nomnoro (innu a :iypri.
2. 8 (yxounix 4cipcxro:ocnix uonucpou. Hccpypr, 1S2. Hcpcu
:a(cnnu (:u qopcniano H. I. Typ4aninoua ni( pc(auuicu . C. Bop
nunciuoro.
8. Y 1S84-1S8 pp. Hpn(uopna cniuauiua uanc:a :(incnn:a un(annu ui:i
uox oiu (yxounnx uopiu Bopnunciuoro {uci on u ou:a(nnui, n
pau uounoro 11u npnipnnuiu, ui((pyuouano u nnorpaqi H. Pc
:c:iyca :i capnx i(nnx a o:ou`unnx (omou. Cu(n yuinm:n aui on.
8 o(noxopnnx uonucpiu, Ci (yxounnx pio, ui unnrn (uoxopnnx
uopiu, Innra (uoxopnnx uonucpiu i (pinnx n`cc, Tcc Bora xua:n
na 4 ro:ocn, Tcc Bora xua:n na 2 xopn.
4. Y 1S48 poui Hpn(uopna cniuauiua uanc:a un(a:a 8 (yxounix 4ci
pcxro:ocnix uonucpou {:(incncno qopcniannc ncpcu:a(cnnu (npcu
uion ycix uonucpiu, unnpau:cno non:un (uox noncpc(nix un(ani nap
nyp, narpauipouano noui (omun). Hcpcun(annu CH, 1S4u.
111
E. a+acea
C. LOHXOBITIHOB HK ICTOPHK
MV3HHHO KVHLTVPH
B icopi Cuponn XVIII copi44u o:nacnyua:ocu opuccuo
i(cn npocuinnuua, po:yy, nayun, uy:iypn Houoro 4acy. B uu
cnoxy yucp(uyuicu iu(cpuauni a iunauiona:ini uonaun,
nomnpucicu ocuia, po:unuauicu :icpaypa, nccuuo, cu:a
(auicu noui :u(ciui u:acnnn, uy:iypnc unu cycni:icua na
yuac cuiciuoro xapaucpy, qopycicu nounn nn :u(nnn, uny
pimnio ui:ino, raponi4no.
Cuqnin O:cucinoun4 Bo:xouiinou {1767-1S87) o(na :
nanucupauimnx oconcoccn, unxouannx i(cun npocuinnuua.
Bpauaui mnpo4ini noro nayuounx incpcciu i acmanici na
yuouoro (opouy. Bi(ou:cnnu ui( cuiciuoro cnocoy unu i
npnnnuu 4cpncuua {1Suu, u 4cpncuui Curcn), npn4nnou
4oro ca:o r:nouc oconcc ropc, nc npn:uc:n (o ncpcu:u4cnnu
u4cnoro na :anuu unu:u4no oroc:ouciuou icopicu. Po:poun
noro oxon:uua:n ncocucnnn npocip ryaniapnnx nayu. Icopiu
(cpuaun, ucpuun, uy:iypn, i:iorpaqiu, apxiuna cnpaua, :icpa
ypa, :cucnuorpaqiu, apxco:oriu, c(nunna, y:nua, cap, nc(a
roriua, rcorpaqiu, y(iunnuuo, ncpcu:a(auiua cnpaua uc (a
:cuo nc nounnn ncpc:iu ra:y:cn (iu:inoci u4cnorocnunu:onc(n
ca. Cui(4cnnu nayuounx (ocurncni Bo:xouiinoua ca:o opannu
noro (incnn 4:cno Pocinciuo Aua(ci nayu, no4ccnn 4:cno
ao (ouopo qi:ocoqi ucix oro4acnnx yniucpcnciu Poci {Vo
cuouciunn, Hccpyp:iunn, Xapuiuciunn, Ia:anciunn, cpnciunn,
Inuciunn), Hccpyp:iuo c(nuoxipypri4no a yxouno O:cu
can(poHcuciuo aua(cin, pu(y pocinciunx a ino:cnnx nayuounx
ouapncu.
Curcn Bo:xouiinou :(oyu unmy (yxouny a cuiciuy ocuiy.
Ha cnpuyuannu noro nayuounx, :icpaypnnx incpcciu un:nny:n
:n:iui cocynun : npocuinc:cun(auuc V. Hounuoun, cniu
npauu u opicnouanoy na icopn4ny canuy py`unucuciuoy
118
rypuy, nayuouc ucpiunnuuo un(anoro icopnua, na4a:innua Vo
cuouciuoro ro:ounoro apxiuy V. BannmaIacnciuoro. ocuona:c
uo:o(innu araia ino:cnnn ouan {qpanuy:iua, nicuiua,
ia:inciua, :annciua, rpcuiua, no:iciua, cupcnciua) ui(upnua:o
noy (ocyn (o cuiouo xy(ounio, nayuouo, pc:irinno :icpay
pn. Hcpcuary uin ui((auau qpanuy:iun auopa, oco:nuo Bo:i
cpoui, Pycco.
Baroc icuc u (opouy u4cnoro :ana:a icopiu y:n4no
uy:iypn. B uioy unuun:ncu uu npnaanni npocuinnuuy i(c
cnunu:onc(n:y ryaniapnnx :nani, ni(xi( (o uy:iypn uu uo
n:cucy na(ani :u(cua, au i oconca y:n4na ocui4cnici au
opa. Hcpmi npoqccinni y:n4ni :nannu C. Bo:xouiinou opnau
mc u (nnncui u apxicpcnciuoy xopi u Boponcui, uy(n nic:u
ccpi aiuiu yu ui((annn (:u nau4annu. a:i y:a (yxouna
ccinapiu : oou`u:uounn ypouan nonoro ucpuounoro cniuy, mo
uu:u4a:n unu4cnnu copi y:nun, y4aci y ucpuounoy xopi.
Hara(aco, mo opnannx y ccinapi :nani i naun4ou unxouanuu
ui:uo unca4a:o (:u no(a:imo npoqccinno npaui na noca(i pc
rcniu a u4nc:iu ucpuounoro cniuy. Hcpuounnn xop yu apny
o Vocuouciuo c:ou`unorpcuo:annciuo aua(ci, (c Bo:xoui
inou npo(ouuyuau ocuiy. Hapa:c:ino : un uin ui(ui(yuau :cuui
u yniucpcnci. Hiuauo, mo ucpiunnuuo aua(ci ua4a:o u nc
pcyuanni cuox unxouanuiu u yniucpcncciunx cinax, upi oc
uinio cn, auou :aci nau4nn cuiciuoro nouo(ucnnu a
(oponopu(no ci:nuoci. Aununnn, ua(nnn (o :nani unau, c
:youno, yu c:yxa4c uonucpiu, npn:u(nnx icnniu, (c cy(cnn
rpa:n na pi:nnx incpycnax, (c uncyna:n opuccp a xop, :uy
4a:a y:nua, ucpuouna i cuiciua, cnqoni, uonucpn, anui,
uapiaui, a u (oamnioy capi npn yniucpcnci nm:n nauii
oncpn.
Po:no4aumn unu:a(auiuy pooy u Boponc:iuin (yxounin cc
inapi, a noi o4o:numn ucn :au:a(, C. Bo:xouiinou (au npo
npouc(cnnu mopi4nnx ypo4ncnx auiu(ncnyiu, (c, upi nporo
:omcnnu pi:nnn ouan (onoui(cn, uipmiu, unuonyua:ncu xopoui
uopn uonucpn, uann. Tau ccinapiu y Boponcui npo(ouuy
ua:a pa(nuiu, :ano4auouany cuoro 4acy IncuoVorn:unciuou
aua(cicu. 3ro(o C. Bo:xouiinou ncpcnic (o ccinapin y Hou
ropo(i a Bo:or(i, (c y no(a:imoy unu:a(au. Caumn npono
119
:no Inuciun {1S22), C. Bo:xouiinou naaraucu ui(po(nn
pa(nui IncuoVorn:unciuo aua(ci i na`ui npo c:auny
icopiu u cinax cna(uocnui Inuciuo (yxouno aua(ci.
Hcpc(yci uin cnpnuu ui(po(ucnnu aua(ci4noro xopy. Ha noro
npono:nuiu :a:y y:o npnupamcno noppcan un(annx (iu4iu
IncuoVorn:unciuo aua(ci, ui(noun:ncu npn:u(ni icnnn:axn
cn cy(cnciunx poi, oun:a nayuouo:icpaypna (iu:inici. A
noun mo, ncpcyuau4n u 17uui poun y Boponcui, C. Bo:xoui
inou ouapnmyuau :i cuiciuou o:o((u, ucpyuau :icpaypnn
rypuo, :axon:uuaucu capo, (c, unu:nuau4n :cncucnnu
r:u(a4iu, auopn caun:n oncpy Vc:innu4au:yn.
C. Bo:xouiinou yu (opc oi:nannn : oro4acnn cano
y:n4no uy:iypn u ycix npouuax. Hc :nanm:o a(cuuanc ui
(opaucnnu u nayuouin cna(mnni u4cnoro. Hcpmou noc:yrou,
:po:cnou C. Bo:xouiinoun y:n4nin nayui, y:a apxiuno:n
pauiua (iu:inici, pc:y:iao 4oro ca:o :cpcucnnu :na4no
ui:iuoci pi(uicnnx nonnx pyuonnciu XVII-XIX copi4
1
. Hi a
cpia:n canou:ui uc:nunn nayuounn incpcc, aununo unu4aui
cu n unuopncouyuicu cy4acnnn (oc:i(nnuan.
o uic u cqcpn nayuounx yno(oani C. Bo:xouiinoua na
:cuai :po:cni :anncn (uox rpy:nnciunx c:o(in : cucan
cuiciuo
2
i (yxouno
8
. Hcpma : nnx, na (yuy rpy:nnciunx
y4cnnx, ouc na:cuan auopoui nocn4noro cucy Bcciui i c
c(nnou qiucauicu y:n4nonocn4noro uopy uioro ocannioro
u:acnua (auniorpy:nnciuo :icpaypn. 3annc ipocy : cuco
Ioanna aacuina u ncpcu:a(i na rpy:nnciuy ouy uinnnn (o
uycn : icopi (auniorpy:nnciuoro ucpuounoro cniuy.
Bc:nunn acnu y cna(mnni C. Bo:xouiinoua cu:a(aui a
cpia:n : icopi ucpuouno y:nun. Y 17u7 p. u4cnnn npo4nau
1
P pqnonncuo+q apa/e/ C. Lo:aoe/n/uoea (Pqnonncun e/00/: HHL /+. Pepua0conoo
H4H Vnpaiun) sep/aunoc `4naqncn Cnpacn+ Xpncnoeu+, neeae+u e nnon`
(pqnonnc no:. XIX cn.): `Onao0 sua+euuoo pocneea` (uonun pqnonnc
X\III cn.): `Ozcueune sua+euuoo neun c ncnopn:ecnn+ eo o:epno+` (X\III-
XIX cn.): `Ipa++annna cnapnuuoo npunoeoo neun` (X\III-XIX cn.): `Ipa+
+annna n:n nseecnuue npaen:a neun +qcnnncnoo`, cn:a0eua M. (n:eonn+ (n/
ueo X\III cn.): `ueneepna +q0pocno +qcnna` (0pqa no:. X\II cn.) noo.
2
P/00/: pqnonnc/e HHL /+. Pepua0conoo H4H Vnpaiun. 207 (0) C, apn.28.
8
P/00/: pqnonnc/e HHL /+, Pepua0conoo I8(727) C,IJJ.
120
(onoui(i : uioro nnannu, uuy u 17uu p. y:o un(ano
1
, a noi
pn4i ncpc(pyuouano {1Su4, 1S17, 1S28). Bn(annu 1Su4 p., na
unory Cuumcnnoro Cnno(y, y:o po:ic:anc no ucix pocinciunx
ucpuuax. Hpauu (ica:a nomnpcnnu i ca:a xpccoainnou npn
unu4cnni icopi ucpuouno y:nun.
Hocn:au4nci na Bi:iu, oroc:ouciui unnrn, acpia:n (y
xounnx Coopiu, Bo:xouiinou ucp(nu, mo cnpauunu xpncnun
ciua ucpuouna y:nua ... nounnna yn uoua:inou, a nc incpy
cna:inou ..., nounnna cu:a(ancu :i cniuiu, a nc yciui
2
. Bin
un(i:uu pn cann u icopi (aunioxpncnunciuoro ucpuounoro cni
uy. cno4auy y4aci (uox xopiu na (uox u:ipocax, noi o(noro
niu4oro, uuoy ni(cniuyua:n uci npncyni, napcmi, cniu c(nnoro,
npn:na4cnoro (:u uioro cniuaua. o auoro pimcnnu u IV c.
:ymcni y:n npnnn ucpuounoc:yunc:i, uo:n ui(4y:n, mo (pcu
ncc xpncnuncuoc ncnnc o ncucuccua n nc:aroroucnnu noumcro
napo(a na4a:o npnxo(ni u paccponcuo n ua:nicu
8
.
Bo:xouiinou rpynouno uncui:uc icopiu cniuy y pocinciuin
ucpuui. npn:( :a 4aciu unu:u Bo:o(nnpa (cccucnnnuiu ui(
c:ou`un, (o unu:u npoc:aua piox rpcuiunx cniuauiu, uui
npnuc::n anrc:ono(onoc ncnnc, n:pu(noc ocor:acnc n pncoc
aunoc c:a(uor:acnc. B ccpc(nni XII c., na noro (yuy, :`uun
:ncu icucui nacniun unuciunn, 4cpniriuciunn, nouropo(ciunn,
a i:im panni co:nounn, o:rapciunn, rpcuiunn y:n (cmo npn
upamcni na c:ou`unciunn cau. Bci nacniun pocinciuo ucpuun
aui 4oo cxo(noc u yupamcnnux n ncpcxo(ax onou. Cnc
cxo(cuo u nnx, nnmc Bo:xouiinou uuc(cno, ucpouno, o
pyccunx ncuuou no ococnnoy ncuocy naunona:inoy pyccuoy
uuycy
4
.
a:i n(cicu npo nououuc(cnnu npono:na Hnuona, npnxi(
4cpc: no:uuiu :ininnnx no, :aici :icpa:innx. Y :u`u:uy :
un (ou:a(no no(acicu icopiu noonncannu {yuun apaciuo
acun, upuun, unnaxi( aaa Ii(ona), ui(ooci npo oro4acnnx
1
Hcnopn:ecnoe paccq0eune eooe o 0peeue+ apncnnaucno+ ooc:qeuo+ neunn
n ocoeuuo o neunn Poccncno epnen c uquu+n npn+e:aun+n ua ouoe", :n
nauuoe e nq:n:uua copauna. Popoue. I700.
2
Ta+ e. C. J.
8
Ta+ e. C. 7.
4
Ta+ e. C. II.
121
niu4nxpo:uo:innuiu, uui ncnnc uc(y no capnnni upuua na
pa:non co:nouon n oci r:acou nancu.
Ha nacynnoy cani u pocinciunn cniu, uu nnmc C. Bo:xo
uiinou, no4a:a uuo(nncu (ocuona:a ia:inciua y:n4na raponiu
i :`uun:ncu ui(oi u Poci pcrcnn Pa4nnciunn i Bcpc:ouciunn.
Hau4annu x u Ia:i :aran:o Pociu :nacnnin u ncu4ccuc
co4nnnc:un, n: uonx :nacnncc uccx (pyrnx cci (oninc n
pnn Bopnuncunn
1
. B pyuonncy unouano npaui C. Bo:xouiinou
xapaucpn:yuau uop4ici Bopnunciuoro uu un:na4nc (ocurncnnu
pocinciuo uy:iypn. npnn Bopnuncunn npcopa:n: ucc namc
ucpuounoc ncnnc u nouin un(, uoo(ymcunu onoc nccniu, 4yu
cunc:inon c:o(ncn na:iuncunx y:, yupacn: cponnou n uc
:n4ccucnnou raponncu... Ero y:iua noucu(y pa:noopa:na,
noucu(y c:a(ocna, porac:ina, :annac:ina. C:ouo cua:ai,
ona cu(y npo4n cci (oua:ac:icuo oy, 4o Poccnu ouc
nci u cocucnnix cuonx cinax aunx nnoucu u Ha:nn,
uoopi caa uocnnac:innua nx y(nu:uccu n ccnpcuoc:ouno
ycynac ccccpnyu c:auy
2
.
B oy u ncna(pyuouanoy acpia:i c:a npo nouuy u ucp
uounin y:nui ia:inciuo raponi :auin4ycicu aun 4nno.
O ccroo Poccnu no:y4n:a ccc u ncu4ccuc y4nc:cn n co4n
nnc:cn, n: uonx :nacnncc (pyrnx cyi Pa4nncunn, Bcpc:ou
cunn, Ionccun4 n nanna4c nccpauncnnin cci Bopnuncunn
8
.
Vaucn Hpoxopoun4 Ionucun4 uc uono:nop {auop (yxouno
y:nun, cuiciunx uopiu), nc(aror {unu:a(a4 uoua:ino a inc
pycna:ino y:nun u Xapuiuciuoy uo:criyi), (npnrcn {y
xapuiuciunx capax). Xo4a u ony:iuouanin npaui Bo:xouiinoua
npi:unmc Ionucun4a :nnu:o, ca qau nouun noro u acpia:ax
icopnua canouni c:younnn incpcc, a(uc ui(ooccn npo uio
ro yupanciuoro y:nuana aco uupan a:o.
C. Bo:xouiinou nocinno unc:ou:uuau auannu, mo npauo
c:aunnn ucpuounnn cniu nc(a:cuo ocyna: o ncpuona4a:inon
uc:n4ccucnnon npocoi cuocn n cuponocn
4
. B4cnnn nparnyu
1
Hcnopn:ecnoe paccq0eune eooe o 0peeue+ apncnnaucno+ ooc:qeuo+ neunn
n ocoeuuo o neunn Poccncno epnen c uquu+n npn+e:aun+n ua ouoe", :n
nauuoe e nq:n:uua copauna. Popoue. I700, apn. I, I7.
2
P/00/: pqnonnc/e. 1(02)C, apn.I07se.
8
Ta+ e, apn. I07.
4
Ta+ e.
122
:cpcrn capo(auni ucpuouni c:ou`unciui nacniun. B on uc 4ac
uin cnpnnnuu raponi4ni n no:iqoni4ni nouaui cuponcnciuoro n
ccuua. Ouc, m:ux (o cuopcnnu nauiona:inoro cn:u ucpuou
noro nccuua C. Bo:xouiinou a4nu y cnnc:i y:n4no cna(
mnnn npc(uiu i cy4acnnx (ocurncni.
C. Bo:xouiinou uncynau npon y(iuuoro cnouopcnnu na
uiona:ino xapaucpnoci ucpuouno y:nun, u uuin nacniu :a cuo
n unpaua:innn uuocun ui(noui(au c:ouccnoy :icy :ucp
ncnnu (o Bccunmnioro. Tau, :ra(aumn Ia:ynni, Cucpuc:i, c:au
noro uanc:icnccpa Capi, uui un:n (cuunn 4ac y Poci, u4cnnn
unc:ounu ncranunc cau:cnnu (o uopiu,nanncannx unn y:n
uanan (:u npauoc:auno ucpuun cac 4cpc: c, mo onn no
nc:nannu :n cn:i n uipa:nc:inocn nornx cc ucpuounix
namnx cnxou n:n no npc(ycu(cnnu c(nncucnno u y:iua:i
ni cuon npaun:a, ncpcr:n 4aco o :aronpnconnocn cca
n npc(ca cuonx uonucpou, au 4o uoomc nc y:iua y nnx
npncnoco:cna u noci c:oua cuumcnni, no c:oua cnn o:iuo
4o npn:oucni u y:iuc, n 4aco uccia npnnyu(cnno. Iauccu,
onn xoc:n o:cc y(nu:ui c:ymac:cn uonccpannou cnqonn
cu, ncuc:n porai ccp(ua :aro4ccnuou c:ouccnou c:o(ncu,
n 4aco npn nccnoc:oucnnux nx ucpuoui o:cc noxo(n na na
:iuncuyu oncpy, ncuc:n na (o :arouccnoro o:nuoc:aunu uo
Bccuimncy
1
.
B4cnoro (yuc xun:uuau can uy:iypn ucpuounoro cniuy.
Oypcnnu unu:nua:o u nioro ncpo:yinnu : ouy unuonauuiu r:n
nnn i npn:na4cnnu ucpuouno y:nun. o nacynnoro un(annu
cai, ncpcpuaumn cnouinnnn on icopn4noro cucuypcy, uin uu:u
4nu npncpacnnn ui(cyn. Ipcma n onuau cuumcnnin 4nn
c npunc, uon ycn:nuaucu nci na u:npocax, no (:u 4cro i
u ucpuun n ycponi u:npoci, ocoic (:u ncuuou cca? :u
4cro i n nocuumai ncuuou u ccn can? Ior(a i n npunc
auuc nc:n npauo nci na u:npocax, uau nocuumcnnic n on
pc(c:cnnic na o ncuui. Cucpx oro, cuo:iuo cmc ::oynopc
:cnnn n: oro uixo(n! Hynin n co:a:nnc:inin uon:i no
umnx, capa:inic uipaucnnu ro:oca, ncpc:cnnc :aroroucnnu
n cpaxa Bounu n opamcnnc uccro ncnnu u o(ny :aauy!
1
Hcnopn:ecnoe paccq0eune... Popoue, I700. C. I, I7.
123
xo(u nornc u ucpuoui, no (:u 4cro? noc:ymai ncu4nx
aunxo, a unnai c:yuc Bouncn n nc (yau
1
.
B4cnnn (au npo uy:iypy cniuy, uopncyu4nci ou:nuocu
n cuoro (yxounoro cany. Hic:u :nanocua : IncuoHc4cpciuou
:aupou, (c y:o :nan(cno nopymcnnu y ui(npauax, npono:n
Curcn cuo po:nopu(ucnnu npnnncau. B ucpuun coui c :a
roroucnnc, nci c: uon:cn n 4nai nccncmno
2
.
Ocnouni c:n po:r:unyo npaui C. Bo:xouiinou unu:au a
uou na no4auy pyuonncnoro npnipnnua Ipaanun ycnunn
cuon V. n:cuiuoro {Bi((i: pyuonnciu, ` 126{672)C) i y ui(
noui(i rcn(c:icp:iuoy npoqccopoui Tio na noro npoxannu (an
ui(ooci npo y:nuy u Poci, :oupca ucpuouny
8
. Y oy u :nci
Bo:xouiinou pcuocn(yuau cuocy a(pccaoui no:nanonncu : nc
pc(ouou V. iuoua (o ni(roou:cnnx I. Hpa4c un(ani napo(
nnx niccni
4
. o cao u npaui I. Hpa4a, :oupca noro cn:u
y:n4no opoun acpia:y, raponi:aui napo(nnx niccni, Bo:
xouiinou nocaunucu ncranuno, noa4numn u nin nopymcnnu cuo
o(n, 4ncon (pcunix nacniuiu. a:i, 4o Hpa4 na uuyc cupo
ncncuon y:iun ucc namn capnnnic nccnn pa:cpn: na paunic
aui. Cnc ncccpnno. Hanna4c u npouunix nccnux, uoopic
cyi no4n uoomc pc4nanui no no(onu rpc4ccuon (pcuncn
y:iua:inon noc:nn. O ccroo u ycax pyccuoro yunua, no
umcro cnn nccnn nc no auy, a c upcunnou uiuuuou nornx
c:orou, onn 4yucunc:incc, ncuc:n uau ouno nci nx no noa
Hpa4cui

, nncau Bo:xouiinou y cuox :ayuaucnnux na

Paccyu(cnnc o :npn4ccuon no+:nn I. P. cpuauina. o pc4i,
u pooi na( na:uanou npaucu, u uuin ro:ounc icuc ui(uo(n:ocu
nicni, o(i a oncpi, noc nocinno uopncyuaucu nopa(an a uon
cy:iauiun C. Bo:xouiinoua.
Cac na npoxannu cpuauina u4cnnn po:ponu acpia: O
c:auunopyccunx :npnuax, uncui:numn nnannu : nan(aunimnx
1
Hcnopn:ecnoe paccq0eune... Mocnea, I8I7. C. 70, 7I.
2
Eapnoe C. M. Eeeun Lo:aoennnuoe nan +nnpono:nn Eneecnn. E., I0I1. C.I.
8
Lo:aoennnuoe E. O pqccno epnoeuo +qsune ,, One:ecneeuuue sanncnn. I82I,
I0. Hopo.
4
oeoeHpa:. Copaune pqccnna uapo0uua neceu c na o:oca+n. CH., I708, I80.

(epaenu I. P. Co:nueun c ozcueun+n n npn+e:aun+n u. Ipona. CH.,

I87I. T. . C. JIJ.
124
4aciu. Bcc napo(i, npcu(c ncuc:n nay4n:nci nncai, nc:n
yuc nccnn. Hx :auoni, ncopnu, noxua:i ora n rcpou uoc
ncuaci i:n npcu(c onncannn u unnrax n nx ncpuic nopiui
uocxnmcnnu n:opaua:nci ncnnc n n:ucuan. Hoccy nc co
ncnnu, 4o n npc(un namn, C:auunc n Pycci, nc:n y ccu
n:(pcu:c nccnoncuucu
1
. 3`ucouyu4n (a:i, mo auc uan, Bo:xo
uiinou poni uc : nor:u(y na nocn4ny cn:icnuy.
Pyuonncnnn apxiu Bo:xouiinoua icni (oui(uounn acpia:
npo y:nuaniu, :ipannn nn y qpanuy:iunx auopiu
2
.
Hiuaui ui(ooci :naxo(no y cu:a(cnoy Bo:xouiinoun
C:ounnuy nncicnnnuiu (yxounoro 4nny pocinciuo ucpuun, a cac.
npo nouropo(ciunx (cccucnnnua Iipnua {XII c.) ao cnicuona
Hiqona, uunn y 1147 p. : unu:c Iropc O:iroun4c y Bo:o
(nnpiBo:nnciuoy na upn:aci cniuau
8
. Y cai npo ncpmo
(pyuapu Iuana uc(opoua uimcno po:(i: O c:auunopyccunx n
norpaqnux : acpia:o O nonix nnorpaqnux. Hu (oui(ua
mc (o un(annu C:ounnua ny:iuyua:acu (ui4i {uypna:n pyr
npocucmcnnu, 1Su6 i Pyccunn uccnnu, 1S18, 4. 7u, ` 14).
Barann acpia: : icopi y:n4no uy:iypn (ac (uoonnn
C:ouapi pyccunx cuccunx nncac:cn, cooc4ccucnnnuou n 4y
uccpanucu, nncaumnx u Poccnn, un(annn uuc nic:u ccpi au
opa {V., 1S4). Oupci u noro cai {:oupca, npo Bcpc:ou
ciuoro, Bopnunciuoro) (pyuyua:ncu uuc u 1Su-1Su6 pp. u
uypna:i pyr npocucmcnnu i u C:ouapc (oconaunix :u(cn
Pyccuon :c:n . BannmIacnciuoro {V., 1S86).
Bi((au4n many Vaucny Bcpc:ouciuoy, 2upi44u ui( (nu
napo(ucnnu uuoro n nnni ui(:na4aco, no:nanono namoro 4n
a4a : nounn cuco cai npo nioro. Bcpc:ouciunn Vaucn
Co:onoun4, y:iua:inin n nanna4c ncu4ccunn co4nnnc:i, npn
opcmnn u 4yunx upaux n u Poccnn o:n4nyu c:auy noucnmnn
na:iuncuoro uuyca uonucpan. On po(n:cu u Va:opoccnn, y4n:
cu c:ouccni nayua o4acn u Incucuon aua(cnn, a y:iuc
1
O c:aeuopqccnna :npnnaa. Co:nueune nonouoo +nnpono:nna Eneecnoo Eeeun
0: I. P. (epaenua ,, Mocnennunu, I812, I. C. I.
2
P/00/: pqnonnc/e HHL. 20(00)C. Punncnn ns qpauqscnna nun: 21(8)C. Pce
oa apouo:on sua+eunnua +qe, npoc:aenemnac ncnqccnea+n, uaqna+n,
nsopeneun+n n co:nueun+n eo ece+ ceene on ua:a:a +npa 0o uamna 0ue.
8
C:oeapo ncnopn:ecnn o uemna e Poccnn nncane:a 0qaoeuoo :nua penopoc
cncno epnen. CH., I827. T. 2. C. I12.
125
y Honnca. Ouo:o 176 r. onpau:cn i: u Ha:nu n a oy
4a:cu u Bo:oncuo Vy:iua:ino Omccuc y capmcro Vapnnnu.
Ycncxn cro u y:iua:ino ncuyccuc npnopc:n cy u caon
Ha:nn ocnnoc yuaucnnc. Ior(a Pyccunn q:o cou: u n
uopnc, o on co4nnn: (:u aomncro capa oncpy, uoopau :a
c:yun:a uccomcc o(opcnnc :naouou. Bo:oncuau aua(cnu, u
:acun(cc:icuouannc cro (oconncu, noua:oua:a cy n:o cuo
cro Aua(cnua, a Vy:iua:inoc Bo:oncuoc Omccuo :uannc ua
nc:icnccpa, 4o ouno no4nai pc(un u ccn :c:c yuaucnnc
u nnocpanuy y:iua:inoro ncuyccua. C cnno ycncxan n
npnopccnnou 4ccnu uo:upan:cu on u Oc4ccuo cuoc c Ipaqo
Op:oui u 1774 ro(y. C:aua npc(uapu:a yuc cro n u Poccnn,
nooy 4o on cmc n: Ha:nn npnc:a: uo uopy nccuo:iuo ucp
uounix uonucpou, uoomc o(opcnnix. On ncpuin uuc: y:i
ua:inyu cnqonnu u namc ncu4ccuo n pacno:oun: onoc na
coucpmcnnix npaun:ax raponnn, nooy 4o npcu(c cro uon
ucpi u Poccnn iua:n o:imcu 4acnu o:iuo c:o(n4ccunc.
Ho npnc:(c cuoc u Hccpypr na(cu:cu on :n4no :ac:yuni
auoc uc yuaucnnc o cooc4ccucnnnuou, uauoc :ac:yun: o
nnocpanucu. Ho cro o:iuo npnnu:n u Hpn(uopnyu uanc::y, u
uoopon ncpuic cca yuc :anui i:n 4yuccpannin unpy
o:an. Inu:i Hocunn, uc:au oo(pni cro, uor(a nacpcua:cu
u 1776 ro(y :auccn u Ipccn4yrc Vy:iua:inyu aua(cnu, o
xoc: onpc(c:ni cro (npcuopo onon. Ho noc:nuy nacpcnnc
cnc nc ncno:nn:oci, o Bcpc:oucunn oca:cu na npcunc ccc
u 4nc:c npn(uopnix y:iuanou. Cc4cnnc cnx n (pyrnx ncnpn
unix ocouc:icu uucpr:o cro u nnoxon(pnu, o uocn unaumn
nauoncu u ropu4uy n c:naucuo, on :apc:a: ccu u apc 1777
ro(a. H: co4nncnnn cro n:uccni (oninc :naouan yuauacic
uonucpi cro. 1) Bcn u:iui uocn:cmnc pyuan, 2) Bor ca
u conc orou, 8) Hpnn(nc n un(nc (c:a Bouiu, 4) Hc
oucpun cnc uo upcu capocn, ) Xua:nc Iocno(a c nc
cc, 6) B:aucnn uuc n:pa:, 7) Bo ucu :c:u n:i(c, S)
3nacnacu na nac, u) Vn:oci n cy(, 1u) Hcnai nniu
noomn, 11) Pa(ynccu, npauc(nin, 12) Tcc Bora xua:n,
18) Bamy cnaccniu npny, 14) Buycnc n un(nc {(uyxop
nin), 1) Bnc:nc, :u(ic {(uyxopnin), 16) Hc:au oc(nu,
17) C:aua Ouy n Ciny, 1S) Xcpyuncuau nccni
1
.
1
C:oeapo pqccnna ceencnna nncane:e coone:ecneeuunnoe n :qecnpauee, nnca
emna e Poccnn. M., I81. T. I. C. J-J7.
126
Cau npo npa Bopnunciuoro (ac iorpaqi4ni (ani npo
uono:nopa, ncpc:iu noro uopiu {na:uano 4 no:nui xopounx
uopiu n nornc (pyrnc ncu4ccunc n auuonannpnic nncci) i
:aucpmycicu auou xapaucpncnuou. Bo uccx cnx co4nncnnux
o:n4nc:ini cuoncuo npc( npo4nn :ac4accu uiop c:o
(nn, npn:n4nin ncu4ccuy, :aronpnconnoci ccy, npncncnnc
y:iun u cucy n ccccucnnoci ncpcxo(ou y:iua:inix
1
.
ann:o Iamnn npc(cau:cnnn y Bo:xouiinoua uu uono:n
op, nc(aror, unuonaucui, Iuan Hpa4 u ocnounoy, uu :npa4
napo(noniccnno uop4oci, Iuan Xan(omuin uu uipyo:cupn
na:i. Hpn uioy Bo:xouiinou auucnyc qaun, nou`u:ani :
qynuuionyuannu nauiona:ino uy:iypn. Tau, y (iu:inoci Ia
mnna uin ui(:na4ac npouc(cnnu uonucpiu i: :a:y4cnnu c(nn
cucnno pyccunx y:iuanou (o 2u 4c:oucu
2
, y uop4oci Hpa
4a un(annu o:imon conai, cocau:cnnon o:iuo n: pyccunx
ncccn
8
, npo Xan(omuina nnmc, mo uin y:iua:inin co4nnnc:i
poccnncunn
4
, 4n, nancuno, ni(upcc:nu unuopncannu uono:n
opo napo(no nicni y uapiauiux (:u (uox cupnnou. Tcy :n
pannu i un(annu napo(nnx niccni npo(ouucno u acpia:ax npo
Vnxan:a Honoua i Vnxan:a By:uoua.
Y (oui(ui npo c:aunoro po:uo:innuiuoro u4nc:u An(piu
cnncoua {167-178u), nopu( : ui(oocun npo unu cuny
na niuno4i Poci, (ocni (ou:a(no noua:ano noyyuannu a ucp
uouno y:nun. I nn cmc u 16u7 r. npnmc: n: Co:oucuuoro
onacipu onax Haqnynn, uoopin... uipa: cuu:ccnapxa,
nca:omnuou n ncuuou n na pa:nic c:yui noc:ymnnuou, :auc:
muo:i (:u y4cnnu oocro no:a 4cnnu, ncnnu n nnciy. Bo
upcu ncpuon pcun:nn 1722 r. npnmc: n :annca:cu u nn cmc
o(nn ocuun4 Huan Huanou, ncuycnin u ncnnn no :nacnnu
n:n upuua n noca. On :auc: (:u ccro ncuyccua cuou muo:y
n uiy4n: onoy An(pcu cnncoua n nornx (pyrnx. H cnc nc
uyccuo (oninc u cx cunax u coucpmcncuc coxpanuccu

.
1
C:oeapo pqccnna ceencnna nncane:e coone:ecneeuunnoe n :qecnpauee, nnca
emna e Poccnn. M., I81. T. I. C. -7.
2
Ta+ e. C. 270.
8
Ta+ e. T. 2. C. IJ8.
4
Ta+ e. C. 2JJ.

Ta+ e. T. I. C. I2, IJ.

121
C:ounnu ui(upnuacicu cacu npo O:cucan(pa A:ccioua,
cnxouopua uon4ccuoro po(a, n:uccnoro nanna4c ncpuin poc
cnncunn u napo(no uuycc uonuoncpan. Y (oui(ui ui(:na4cno
no4auounn can cuopcnnu nauiona:ino oncpn, aocqcpy noy
yuannu. Ero Vc:innu, oncpa u pcx (cncunux c pyccunn nc
cnun, npc(cau:cnnau ncpuin pa: u Vocuuc 177u r. Icnuapu 2u,
a nanc4aannau u 17S2 ro(y, nc:a 4pc:ui4annin ycncx. Hoc:c
ncpuoro npc(cau:cnnu u Vocuuc cpu(y noroupano n u Hccpyprc
na uo:ino capc y Innncpa cpu(y uc 27 pa: cc nrpa:n, n pyccuau
ny:nua (oninc cmc :un cc copci u npc(cau:cnnn. Hpn
cao uopc cna4a:a ona 4aco nrpana i:a c noxua:ou. 3auu:ua,
xo( n pa:uu:ua ccn oncpi npoci. Ho ona o:cc n:cnuc npoco
napo(nin :nuan n (cncunc u no(:nnno pyccuo uuycc
1
.
Hpn4cnnn (o pocinciuoro y:n4no(paan4noro nccuua
nocaui aui :icpaypni (iu4i, uu Ino:n Bor(anoun4, Ccprin
I:inua, unu:i npo Iop4auou, Bacn:i Io:n4cu, Bacn:i Vanuou,
O:cucan(p Cyapouou.
o C:ounnua {y cai, npncuu4cnin uc(opy Bo:uouy) ui
mcno acpia: npo mui:innn cap IncuoVorn:unciuo aua(ci.
B muo:ax Incua no npncpy no:icunx aua(cnn cy(cni nr
pa:n cuumcnnic (pai na no:icuo u:iuc. Va:opoccnncunc y4c
nic na4a:n n can co4nnui onic na c:auuncuo u:iuc... Bi:o
(auc oiunoucnnc u Incucuon Aua(cnn, 4o uau(in y4nc:i
noc:nn (o:r nc: cucro(no co4nnni no upanncn cpc no o(non
nouon (pac (:u npc(cau:cnnu... Incucunc cy(cni uo upcu
uauaunn cuonx, xo(u no Yupannc n no :nunn poccnncun ro
po(a, nnor(a uyu:an u a:cniuo umnuc, na:iuaco ucpcn,
a nnor(a n can :n4no npc(cau:u:n cnn nncci, no o:imcn
4acn c qapcan n:n ccmnin upnu:unnun, n xou uc:nuo
poccnunc oxono ccua:nci na cnn npc(cau:cnnu, no can nnr(c
cmc nc occ:nua:nci :auo(ni y ccu onix
2
.
Cnpnnau4n y:nuy uu ncui((i:iny 4acnny :ara:ino uy:i
ypn, C. Bo:xouiinou nocinno :npau i anuc u uounin nayuouin
npaui u in 4n inmin qopi no(auau acpia: : icopi y:nun.
3a:nmcnnn u4cnn (opoou, uu un(annn, au i apxiunnn, cui(4ni
npo C. Bo:xouiinoua uu npo ncpmoro ui4n:nunoro icopnua y
:n4no uy:iypn.
1
C:oeapo pqccnna ceencnna nncane:e... T. I. C. I, 2.
2
Ta+ e. C. 88, 80.
128
P. q:o/ua
PIKICHI mOHH HHL IM. BEPHACLKOIO
HAH VKPAHH HK HEPEHO OCHIHEHHH
TBOPHOCTI M. LEPE3OBCLKOIO
TA HOIO OTOHEHHH
pyra no:ounna XVIII c. ouc yn un:na4cna uu :o:oa
(oa yupanciuo y:nun. Bi(onn (oc:i(nnu yupanciuo ucpuouno
y:nun Bopnc Iy(pnu :a:na4au. C:i( :nmc no(nu:un, uu uupa:
y (oy mopa: ripmoro :aupinomyuannu Yupann nouiniou uuc
Pocicu, u (oy oc:au:cnnx :ain :a Inpn:a Po:youciuoro, mo
cuin4n:acu ocao4nn :ncccnnu Icianmnnn, pynou 3anopi:i
uo Ci4i a :auc(cnnu upinauua, yupanciua y:nua, a ro
:ouno ucpuouna uop4ici, ucni:a ni(nuncu na ucpmnnn nc (o
curnyo ncuno ni (aunimc, ni ni:nimc
1
. Hc (nuno, mo :a aunx
couia:inoicopn4nnx you unu i uop4ici nanun(animoro
npc(caunnua uic :o:oo (on yupanciuo y:nun Vaucna Bc
pc:ouciuoro y:n anuc nc (oc:i(ucnnn, a oupci qaun noro
uop4o iorpaqi :a:nma:nci nc :`ucouannn. Hc n y nam 4ac
npo(ouuycicu nomyu cna(mnnn uc:nuoro uono:nopa XVIII c.
O(nn : n:i(nnx nanpuiu (oc:i(ucnnu uop4o iorpaqi Bcpc
:ouciuoro ouc yn unu4cnnu nccuiuoro oo4cnnu uono:nopa
a ana:i: pi(uicnnx (ouycniu ic cnoxn.
Y :a:i nonnx un(ani Hcnpa:ino nayuouo i:iocun
i. B. Bcpna(ciuoro HAH Yupann :cpirauicu un(annu ucix ui
(onx na (annn 4ac uopiu V. Bcpc:ouciuoro, uu:u4au4n n oc
annin uui:cnnnn unnycu xopounx (yxounnx uopiu uono:nopa,
u uuoy uncpmc npc(cau:cnnn xopounn uonucp V. Bcpc:ouci
uoro Bor ca u coni Borou
2
.
Ccpc( pi(uicnnx (ouycniu : qon(iu HHB, mo xapaucpn:y
ui y:n4nc oo4cnnu Bcpc:ouciuoro, yniua:ini pyuonncni uo
1
Eq0pnn L. O:0 /cnop/i qnpaiuconoi epnoeuoi +qsnnn. oe/e, I00. C. J2.
2
Lepesoeconn M. Xopoe/ 0qaoeu/ neopn , Vnop0unn na cnepe0annop M. Pp:euno.
E., Heunp+qs/uqop+ CEV. I00.
129
ni XVIII c. uopiu ia:inciunx uono:nopiu cy4acnnuiu V. Bc
pc:ouciuoro, nccuiuc unu uunx y:o nou`u:anc : Pocicu, un
nuuoui noni un(annu XVIII c., pyuonncn uono:nopiu i y:n
uo:nauuiu cioro(cnnu, uui (oc:i(uyui uy:iypy Yupann cnoxn
Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Baiuiumnnou uono:nopa y:a Yupana, i pa(nui npoqc
cinno xopouo muo:n ica I:yxoua, (c napo(nucu Bcpc:ouciunn,
uncouc y:n4nc nccuuo IncuoVorn:unciuo aua(ci, (c, na
ncuno, nau4aucu Vaucn Co:onoun4, aocqcpa cy(cnciuoro no
yy, (c :yna:a yupanciua napo(na nicnu, nca:in a uann,
c:youno, a:n unpima:inc :na4cnnu (:u qopyuannu cuior:u(y
a xopouo uop4oci ancpa. Hpo(ouuyu4n cuoc nau4annu y
Hpn(uopnin uanc:i u Hccpyp:i, Bcpc:ouciunn nc :nmc u(ocuo
na:nu cuo :nannu : copi ucpuounoro cniuy, a n :acuou na(annu
ia:inciuo uoua:ino a incpycna:ino y:n4no uy:iypn. Bn
uonannu co:innx napin u oncpax u. Apan a B. Vanqpc(ini
cnpnu:n r:nouoy unu4cnnu uono:nopo uopiu un:na4nnx
npc(caunnuiu ia:inciuo oncpno muo:n.
Poun ncpcyuannu u Ia:i {176u-1778), (c Bcpc:ouciunn
nau4aucu y u. Vapini i au :ory o:nanonncu : (ocurncn
nun cuiouo y:n4no uy:iypn, uncyny:n noro u pu( npoui(nnx
nanocui4cnimnx ui4n:nunnx y:nuaniu, uui yc:aun:n yupanciuy
y:nuy XVIII c.
Ccpc( 4nc:cnnnx y:n4nnx ycanou Ia:i ui:aponi4na aua
(ciu {Dci Filarmonici) Bo:oni uopncyua:acu nani:imn auo
pnco :au(uun nc(arori4nin cncci, po:po:cnin na(pc Vapini.
Ha 4ac ncpcyuannu a Bcpc:ouciuoro u. Vapini npauuuau
na( (pyrn oo Icopi y:nun, a auou :aucpmyuau cuin
rcnia:innn paua, npncuu4cnnn nayui npo uonpanynu
1
. Y Ho
(cnnnuy no(opoui 177u p. no upanui a Ia:i
2
, mo c un(anou
na`uuou cuiouo icopi y:nun, B. Bcpni i: :axon:cnnu nnmc
npo yniua:iny cpy(nuiu na(pc Vapini, uunn yu (o oro u
(opou i mnpou :u(nnou. B. Bcpni yu upaucnnn i:iocuou
uc:nuoro accpo, u uuin y:o :n:iuo 17 nc. oiu. Ipi uc
1
Mart/n/ C. Stor/a oe//a nns/ca. Po/ogna. \.I, I77: r.2, I770: r.J, I78I: Mart/n/ C.
Esenp/are o s/a Sagg/o jooanenta/e prakt/co o/ contrappnnto. Po/ogna. \.I, I771: r.2,
I77.
2
Lepun u. Mqsuna:ouue nqnemecnen. (ueeunn nqnemecnen I770 . no 0paunn
n Hna:nn. ., I0I.
130
:n4c:noro :ipannu (pyuouannx un(ani, u i:iocui . Vapini
:cpira:ncu aucnn4ni pyuonncn, a auou uoni pyuonnciu : i
:iocu Baiuana, u:opcnui a inmnx ic. Vapini uo:o(iu (c
cuia pi:nnn uoniun ui(ooro u icopi y:n4no copi pau
ay 1u26 pouy Iopounn unu:a( nayun npo y:n4nc nccuuo
{Vikrologus dc disciplina arIis musikac) Iui(o (`Apcuuo. Y4ni
Vapini a:n (ocyn (o i:iocun accpo. Ouc, nau4au4nci
y Bo:onciuin aua(ci i uopncyu4nci i:iocuou Vapini, Vau
cn Bcpc:ouciunn au :ory o:nanonncu : (ocurncnnun cui
ouo y:n4no uy:iypn. o oro u Vapini yu a:anounn
uono:nopo, auopo oncp, cc, opaopin, uoua:innx a inc
pycna:innx uopiu.
By(ouou na`uuou cnoxn Bcpc:ouciuoro, mo :cpiracicu y
qon(ax HHB, c pyuonncna uoniu uinuu XVIII c. (uana(uun
uacpnnx (yciu {DucIIi da camcra) Vapini {HHB, 12u614).
Vy:nuo:or X. Bpoqciunn {Howard Brolski) un:na4ac (ay i icuc
cuopcnnu 1768, Bo:oniu. Hu (aa :n:iua (o ncpio(y
aununo uop4o (iu:inoci Bcpc:ouciuoro u Ia:i. 1771 p., 1
paunu cu:acn y Bo:onciuin qi:aponi4nin aua(ci i opn
annu :uannu o:onciuoro aua(ciua y:nun, 1772 p. cuo
pcnnu conan (:u cupnnun i 4ca:o, 1778 p. nocanouua
oncpn coqon y . iuopno.
nu cui(4ai :ncn : apxiuy na(pc Vapini, uui :cpirauicu
u iciuoy y:n4noi:iorpaqi4noy y:c npn Bo:onciuin Io
yna:inin i:iocui {Civico musco hihliogralico musicalc BihlioIcca
Communalc di Bologna), accpo uuauau V. Bcpc:ouciuoro na(
:un4anno y:n4no o(apouann : uc:nun anyni. B :nci (o
H. Vapyuui {172u-17uu), nouipcnoro Poci y cnpauax Bcncuian
ciuo pccny:iun, Vapini nnmc. ... Xo4y cno(iuanci, mo uin
{Bcpc:ouciunn), u(ocuona:uu4n cuin a:an a npnpo(ni :(ino
ci, :ouc :ac:yunn noxua:y uc:n4noci incpapnui Poci...
1
.
Hau4annu Bcpc:ouciuoro y na(pc Vapini npnna(ac na 4ac
ncpcyuannu u Bo:oni (uox un(annx uono:nopiu, uui cu pn
a:n icnn na :uannu o:onciuoro aua(ciua y:nun, uc
B. A. Vouap i H. Vnc:nuc4cu. 14pi4noro Bo:iqranra npnui:
(o Vapini aiuo, ui(onn uono:nop i nc(aror cono:i( Vo
uap {171u-17S7). nu 4y(oua na`uua nx 4aciu y qon(ax :c
1
(ne. Pp:euno M.. Mancn+ Lepesoeconn e Ina:/i ,, Vnpaiucona +qsn:ua cna0nua.
E., I080, C. 7J.
131
piracicu ni(py4nnu : nau4annu rpn na cupnnui cono:i(a Vo
uapa, uncpmc un(annn y 176 p. Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn, uunn
4y(ouo rpau na cupnnui, nancuno, yu :nanonn : un ni(py4
nnuo. Y :a:i nonnx un(ani HHB :naxo(nicu pi(uicnnn npn
ipnnu uic nc(arori4no npaui cono:i(a Vouapa 17u1 p. un
(annu {Vcrsuch cincr grundlichcn Violinschulc. FranklurI und
Lcipzig, 17u1).
Bncpmc Vouap i noro aiuo :ycpi:ncu : 4cciun uono
:nopo H. Vnc:nuc4uo y 177u p. B :nci (o (pyunnn ui( 27
uounu oro u pouy cono:i( Vouap nncau, mo x yuc :u`u:yc
uc:nua (pyua. Y :ncyuanni cono:i(a i Bo:iqranra Vouapiu
4aco :ra(ycicu i`u un(anoro ancpa, uop4ici uuoro a:a
un:nu nc i:iun na unoro Vouapa, a, ou:nuo, n na Vaucna
Bcpc:ouciuoro. Hc ui(4yuacicu y cupnnuouin conai ocannioro,
uumo nopiunun ucn uip : cnqoniun i conaan Vnc:nuc4ua,
npnuncui un(annu uunx :cpirauicu u HHB
1
. Cuou oncpy c
oqon Bcpc:ouciunn nanncau na :ipco H. Vcaca:io {pa
nimc na ucn uc cuuc cuopnu oncpy n 4cciunn anccp). Ouc,
o(no4acnc ncpcyuannu i cni:uyuannu u Bo:oni piox un(annx
uono:nopiu :o:oo (on XVIII c. Vouapa, Vnc:nuc4ua n
Bcpc:ouciuoro a:o uc:nuc :na4cnnu (:u qopyuannu uop4o
oconcoci namoro cniuui4n:nnua.
oc:i(uyu4n pi(uicni (ouycnn, mo xapaucpn:yui oo4cn
nu Bcpc:ouciuoro, n :ucpacocu (o pyuonncnnx na`uou cnoxn
uono:nopa uopiu ia:inciunx ancpiu B. Ia:ynni, T. Tpa
cn, u. Ha:ic::o, u. Capi, u. Acapin, uui npauuua:n
y Hccpyp:i u (pyrin no:ounni XVIII c.
Hanicnimi :u`u:un : xopouou cna(mnnou Bcpc:ouciuoro un
uu:uc y:nua B. Ia:ynni {17u6-17S), y uop4oy (opouy uuoro
y:n xopoui uonucpn na ucpuounoc:ou`unciui cucn.
3 176 no 176S poun uo(no4ac B. Ia:ynni yu npn(uopnn
uanc:icnccpo y Hccpyp:i. 3 nx 4aciu y nonin uo:cuui
Po:youciunx :a:nmn:acu pyuonncna uoniu api Ia:ynni Ah! Xon
lasciarmi {HHB, 12uu1), mo c :pa:uo u:acn4no ucnoci a
c:o(inno upacn y:nun ui(ooro accpo.
Io:n Ia:ynni :a:nmnu Hccpypr, noca(y npn(uopnoro ua
nc:icnccpa :annuu ui(onn ia:inciunn uono:nop i unu:a(a4
1
\I s/njon/e a qnattro. In Nor/n|erga, I71] (HHL, I07-1-I2): S/a sonates. Iar/s:
che nr Le Menn (HHL, I07-1-II).
132
cniuy, (npcuop uonccpuaopi y Bcncui T. Tpaca {1727-177u).
Bin nanncau i:imc un oncp y uanpax oncpaccpia i oncpa
yqqa, pn cnqoni, uopn ucpuouno y:nun a in. A:c nan
unmn (ocurcnnu uono:nopa ca:a cuopcna u Poci oncpa
Anirona :a parc(icu Coqou:a. Bncpmc y:o nocau:cno u
Epiaunoy capi u Hccpyp:i u 1772 p., (c uona a:a uc
:nunn ycnix, uuoy, c:youno, cnpnu:n (paaypri4na ui:icnici
i ucupauici y:n4nnx opa:iu. Hccpyp:iunn ncpio( (iu:inoci
Tpacn {176S-177) oxon:uc 4ac ncpcyuannu Bcpc:ouciuoro u
Ia:i a noro noucpncnnu (o Hccpypra. Vouna npnnycnn,
mo nui cni:uyua:ncu, a, ouc, nauii a:n i uop4i :u`u:un.
nmc u (cui:iuox i:iocuax cuiy :cpirauicu pyuonncni uoni
XVIII c. oncp Tpacn. Y qon(ax HHB :naxo(nicu uoniu An
ironn {AnIigona. opcra scria in Irc aIIi HHB, 12u4S).
Ccpc( ia:inciunx uono:nopiu, cy4acnnuiu Bcpc:ouciuoro, u
uo:cuui Po:youciunx nannounimc npc(cau:cno oncpny a inc
pycna:iny uop4ici u. Ha:ic::o {174u-1S16). 3 1776 no
17S4 pp. uono:nop npauuuau y Hccpyp:i, (c nanncau i noc
aunu arao oncp. Tau, cac u Poci u 17S2 p. y:o cuopcno
o(ny : nanupamnx oncp Ha:ic::o Ccui:iciunn unpy:innu
:a uoc(icu Boapmc. Auorpaq :naxo(nicu u Hcano:i, a
pyuonncni uoni :cpirauicu u CanuHccpyp:i u Pocinciuin na
uiona:inin i:iocui i u HHB i. Bcpna(ciuoro. {HHB, 12uS).
Y HHB :cpirauicu n pyuonncni uoni mc (uox oncp Ha
:ic::o Iopo:i Tco(op y Bcncui {Il rc Tcodoro in Vcnczia)
1
,
nocau:cno y Bi(ni u 17S4 p., i Pirro
2
, nocau:cno u Hcano:i
u 17S7 p. Auorpaqn unx oncp :naxo(uicu u uonccpuaopi u
Hcano:i.
B Hccpyp:i Ha:ic::o nanncau auou incpycna:iny y
:nuy (:u npn(uopnnx uonucpiu. 24 (nucpnccnn, (ua uonucpn
(:u u:auccnna : opuccpo, incpycna:ini anca:i, un(ani u
Hapnui u uinui XVIII c. Hi uopn npn:na4a:ncu (:u uc:nuo
unurnni Vapi uc(opiunn, uua pa:a ypoun rpn na u:auccnni y
un(anoro ia:inciuoro ancpa. B nonin uo:cuui Po:youciunx
:naxo(nicu :ipua uopiu (:u u:auccnna Ha:ic::o : npncuuou
unurnni Vapi uc(opiuni BaccolIa di vary rondcau capricci c
sinloni {HHB, 12u62u n).
1
HHL, I07, 18u-JI.
2
HHL, I20-I207.
133
Ti:iun 4acnny uopiu : uic pyuonncno :ipun y:o na(py
uouano u 1u7 p.
1
. B:ara:i u incpycna:ina y:nua Ha:ic::o
mc a:o ui(oa u namin upani.
Y uop4oy (opouy Ha:ic::o y:a i ucpuouna y:nua. Y
Hccpyp:i uono:nop nanncau opaopiu Cpaci Xpncoui
{17S8).
Vanccp ncano:ianciuo oncpno muo:n, auop 4nc:cnnnx in
cpycna:innx uopiu i (yxouno y:nun, Ha:ic::o au un:nu
na po:unou cuponcnciuo y:n4no uy:iypn (pyro no:ounnn XVI
II c. Iono:nop npauuuau y Hccpyp:i mc :a unu Bcpc:ou
ciuoro. Bauuo yuunn, mo uop4ici Ha:ic::o nponm:a nou:
yuary Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro, uunn :acuou i uop4o ncpcponu
upami na(annu ia:inciuo uy:iypn.
Taun 4nno, cnoxy Bcpc:ouciuoro ui(opaucno y qon(ax
HHB pi(uicnnn (ouycnan, mo na(inm:n (o i:iocun : no
no uo:cuui Po:youciunx, uuy :ano4auyuau ocannin yupanciunn
rcian Inpn:o Po:youciunn {172S-1Su8), a nonounn:n noro
cnnn O:cucin {174S-1S22), inicp ocuin, a An(pin {172-
1S86), ui(onn (nn:oa a y:nuanaaop.
B nam 4ac i:iocua :aran:aci nounn na(xo(ucnnun
pyuonncan uopiu cy4acnnx uono:nopiu Yupann. Ccpc( nnx
xopounn uip Iannn Iaupn:cui na c:oua u. V:nn4cnua Vin
Bouc :unn... {na`ui Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro), nanncannn y
1uu2 p. : naro(n ui(upnu IncuoVorn:unciuo aua(ci, a in.
{HHB q. I, on. 4, o(. :. 2).
Cno(iuacocu, mo (a:imi nomyun acpia:iu cnoxn Bcpc:ou
ciuoro cnpnunyi yui4ncnnu na`ui namoro nuu uu un(a
noro (iu4a cuiouo y:n4no uy:iypn.

1
Hais/c::o (. /cno pou0o 0: qopnen/auo , Pe0annopqnop0unn M. Cnena
ueuno. E., I07.
134
.Ie:euno
CHMmOHIH CHHLHOPA LEPEHLOHO
/vszI npu6avmn ur pn6ynII(
Y Hcnpa:inin nayuouin i:iocui i.B.I.Bcpna(ciuoro Haui
ona:ino Aua(ci nayu Yupann :cpiracicu nona uo:cuuiu Po
:youciunx o(na : nanuiuauimnx npnuannx nonnx i:iocu
XVIII co:iu. unu4cnnu no4a:ocu mc y 2ui poun, a:c i:iun
cioro(ni ui(yuacicu cnccan:auiu (cqcunnx no po:pi:
ncnnx incpycna:innx napin, oupcnx copinou, ny:innx ap
uymiu
1
.
Ccpc( unx no unuun:ncu po:pi:ncni copinun ncui(oo Cn
qoni `11 cnninopa Bcpcmio:o. Hauo(no i:iorpaqi4nnn onnc
un(annu. Simphonic Pcriodiquc `XI. ]C|. A Piu SIromcnIi Dcl
Signor Bcrcsciollo. ]ParIics|. A Paris. chcz Vr. Dc La
Chcvardicrc cI aux adrcsscs ordinaircs, a Lyon. chcz Vrs Lcs
Frcrcs Lc Coux, ]s.a.|.
Cu:a( opuccpy nnounn (:u XVIII co:iu. (ua roo, (ui
ua:opnn a cpynnocn4uoui incpycnn. Hon norano :cpcr
:ncu noini n:un ui( uo(n, pauyc upau (cuunx apuymiu,
:ary:cno napiu aca, ncpmy copinuy i ny:innn apuym napi
ncpmo cupnnun, a cac na nioy au coun ncpuicnnn mnqp
nono i:iocun Po:youciunx, c: uuoro n nc ouco uncu
ncno ui(nccn cnqoniu (o uioro cicnnoro :ipannu. Ha :uopoi
(cuunx napin na(pyuouano un(aunn4nn uaa:or :a 1761 ao 1762
piu
2
, : uuoro ouna (i:nancu npo c, mo mc o(ny cnqoniu
{`XIII) cnninopa Bcpcmio:o na(pyuouano y oc`c Hcuap(icpa.
1
3 nann+n nnnq:a+n, apnqma+n, napn/+n ee:ac cne/a:oua poona. 3a p/sun+n
osuana+n na onpe+n+n, /uo0/ ueno+/nun+n 0ena:+n cnepnn cnapn mnqp,
uasea neopq, ne+n :acnnun, noua:ou/cno, uo+ep uonuoi 0omnn ao oo e/0cqn
u/cno, aapannepun pae/pqea:oun no:epn en0aeunne ao no:epn non/icna, pos+/p
nanepq, q/:/pau/, n:+n ao ia e/0cqnu/cno /:om/cno s una q:o `eoss`c0uauo`
s `p/0un+n` npn+/punna+n. O`c0uau/ nano en0auu na pqnonncn (auca+:/,
nouepnn na cn+qou/i), no+n:noeo /ueeunap/soeau/ n/0 p/sun+n uo+epa+n.
2
(anoeauo sa nu.: 1ohansson, Car/. French Mns/c In|//shers` Cata/ognes oj the Secono
Ha/j oj the E/ghteenth Centnrq. Stockho/n: L/|rarq oj the Foqa/ Sneo/sh 4caoenq oj
Mns/c. I0 I..
135
Hpi:unmc Bcrcsciollo {a auou noro uapian y un(aunn4nx
uaa:orax Hcuap(icpa :a inmi poun Bcrcsciollo) na ncpmnn
nor:u( no(inc (o ia:inciuoro, a nacnpau(i :auin4cnnu iollo a
ciollo
1
(:u ia:inuiu ncnnoui, a u ocannioy unna(uy uc mc n
(ocni ncnpnpo(nc noc(nannu ro:ocnnx :uyuiu. Cnpoa po:myuan
uono:nopa na npi:unmc Bcpcmio:o ao Bcpc:cno:o auou nc
(a:a pc:y:iaiu.
o(na : ui(onx auopoui cnunu:onc(in 4n iorpaqi4nnx
c:ounnuiu nc icni inqopaui npo nioro. Bnnnu:a (yua npo
nco4nici y nanncanni npi:unma, a(uc nc i:iun y Hcuap(icpa,
a n u inmnx un(auuiu :ycpi4aco pi:ni uapiann npi:unm auopiu.
Hanpnu:a(, Auolio {Avolio), Bck, Bchn, Bclk, BcIk {Bcck) a
in. Y Hcuap(icpa :ycpi4acicu nanncannu npi:unm nauii : a
:cniuo, a nc nponncno :icpn
2
. Oco:nuo 4aco uapianni npi:
unma :ycpi4auicu ccpc( ino:cnnx {(:u o upann, (c x un
(ano) auopiu. Tau, nanpnu:a(, nanncannu npi:unma Vnc:nuc4ua
ac i:imc 1n uapianiu. Ouc, uapiannici a nco4nici
nanncannu npi:unm nnouc uunmc XVIII co:iu, uo:n opqo
rpaqi4ni npaun:a nc y:n yca:cni. Ta, upi uapiannoci, :na
xo(no i non:un. x ouna no(i:nn na (ua nnn. non:un,
:po:cni uyxan, a non:un, :po:cni o4na, oo npi:un
mc uono:nopa, uuc nco4no unou:u:ocu ao y:o ncnpaun:ino
npo4nano : pyuonncy, :anncyua:ocu : non:uou. nun uc or:o
yn npi:unmc auopa u (anoy pa:i i uuo non:un y npnny
cn:ncu :po:cno o4na 4n uyxan?
Homyun :ra(ou npo uono:nopa y cncuia:inin noorpaqi4nin
:icpaypi auou nc npnuc:n ni (o 4oro. 3un4anno, inqopauiu
npo un(annu cnqonin c u BISV
8
a u (oc:i(ucnni Horancona
npo qpanuy:iui y:n4ni un(aunn4i uaa:orn (pyro no:ounnn
XVIII c., (c :ycpi4acicu npi:unmc Bcpcmio:o ccpc( no, un
1
Lq:o nepe:uqno np/sena /na://e q p/suna eunn:one0n:una en0auua. Tnnoe /
san/u:euu npno:ocun + o/o (o//o) ao npno:ocun + e/o (e//o). un enunon,
Canc/e//o (Canc/e//o) na Ia/s/e//o, a:e ece nann uae/no q oo+q enna0nq +ac+o
/e//o, a ue /o//o :n e/o//o.
2
(ne. nana:o 0o np/o Hquou/ s no:en/i Posq+oeconna (I2020), 0e Tapn/u/
uanncauo n tart/n/.
8
P FISM (Feperto/e Internat/ona/ oes Sonrces Mns/ca/es M/uapo0un nana:o
+qsn:una 0epe:), o q/ncqc /uqop+a/u npo ec/ en0auu 0o I800 ponq, / cn+
qou/i sapeccnpoeau/ n/0 uo+epa+n P I002: P I00J.
136
(annx iucoBa:ia:apo (c :u Hcuap(icpo {LouisBalIhasar
dc la Chcvardicrc, 178u1S12). Hc c(nnnn ui(onn nnni un(aucui,
y uoporo n :naxo(no auopa : npi:unmc Bcpcmio:o.
Bncpmc i`u un(auuu Hcuap(icpa :`uun:ocu u o(noy : oro
:omcni Vcrcurc dc Francc :a uoucni 17S pouy, (c uin :auunu
npo ccc uu npo uonaniona a cna(uocuu c I:cpua, ui(ooro
qpanuy:iuoro noo(pyuapu a rpaucpa
1
. O(nn : ncpmnx uaa:oriu,
mo inqopyuau nouynuiu npo non, un(ani u nioro, (aycicu
(oc:i(nnuan 17u pouo.
I xo4 ncpmnn npnui:cn na npauo ny:iuaui y:nun Hcuap
(icp opnau :nmc 12 :nnnu 176u pouy, a:c mc u pauni uin
oro:ocnu, mo u nioro monunu :`uu:uncicu noua nycpouana
cnqoniu {simphonic pcriodiquc)
2
. uaun4no, uc yu o(nn : ncp
mnx qpanuy:iunx 4aconnciu. Cac ccpc( unx nycpouannx cn
qonin :ycpi4auicu (ui cnqoni : rooun Bcpcmio:o ao Bc
pc:cno:o ni( `11 a `18. Hcpmc un(annu y:o :(incncno npn
:n:no na no4auy ccpnnu 176u pouy
8
. Hi:uo ycui(o:uu4n cuou
ui(noui(a:inici, ucc u aun uuauaco :a ncoxi(nc unc:ounn
cuou rinoc:y. Tau cu:a:ocu, mo i:imici inqopaui npo Bcpc
:ouciuoro nc ni(ucp(ucno (ouycna:ino. Hc, nanpnu:a(, (aa
i icuc napo(ucnnu, 4ac nau4annu u IncuoVorn:unciuin aua(ci
a arao inmoro. Houa rinoc:a cocycicu cnqoni Bcpcmio:o,
uua, ou:nuo, c uopo Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Cnpoyno unuopncan co( (oua:y ui( :uoponioro. Hpn
nycno, mo na ny:inoy apuymi coi i`u Bcpc:ouciuoro.
Cnpaua u oy, mo uo:n u noax nauii c aunn ni(nnc, (o nioro
1
1ohansson. French Mns/c... I.I.
2
Mo:neo, eeap0ocp 0ae cno:annq oo:omeuu npo nomqn nanna uon, o ue
q:n en0au/. Tan, uanpnn:a0, spone q I710 p. n.(o+ou s Hapna, nn `mqnac
ece, o s`e:nn+enoc uoeoo ueen0auoo e +qsn/, o cn:acnn o+/c:un
s/punn`. Pe uanpnn/u/ X\III cn. (a, +o:neo, pau/me) uonu/ en0ae/, no
e/0cn:a:n uonn q 0pau/u 0o Ha/oua:ouoi /:/onenn (ceoo po0q ooe`snoen
npn+/punn), no /um/ en0ae/ e/0noe/0uo 0o sanouq ue +a:n npaea nepe0pqnoeqeann
/ neopn.
8
(anoeauo sa nu.: 1ohansson. French Mns/c... I.1. Hepme en0auu s`en:oc e
I70 po/. un npaen:o, nnpa qe ueee:nnn+, a ua0a:/ en0aeeonpo0aeeo +/
s/:omqeann oo (no uonn men0no posnqna:n), nopncnqu:nco cnapn+n uonun
+n 0omna+n, ao 0pqnqeann ua e/:ouna cnop/unaa uoe/ pen:a+u/ nana:on. Hn+
nocuucnoc no qann, o ua en0auu/ I70 ponq c nana:on I7I ao I72 pp.
131
pca ucc o(no caunncu : ocpcunicu
1
. Aprycnn na uopnci
cuoc rinoc:n nauc(co u auin noc:i(ounoci. 4n ir Bcpc:ouciunn
u:ara:i nanncan cnqoniu? 4n or:a uona yn un(ana u Ha
pnui? 4n ir na(pyuyuan Hcuap(icp? 4n or:o uc yn y
176u poui? a:i :`ucyco, uu Bcpc:ouciunn cau cnninopo Bc
pcmio:o, a nanpnuinui uuc u(aocu (o inonauinnnx aprycniu.
Y y:n4noy c:ounnuy Piana
2
uua:ano, mo Bcpc:ouciunn,
upi coqona, nanncau inmi cuiciui uopn. A:c na 4ac
un(annu pianiuciuoro c:ounnua nc y:o ui(oo uo(noro ncucp
uounoro uopy uono:nopa, upi oncpn {(o nac (inm:n. Conaa
(:u cupnnun a 4ca:o, 4onpn ypnuun : oncpn coqon).
3ui(un u y:u:ncu inmi cuiciui uopn?
Hcui(oo. Pi:ni (oui(nnun, cai a onorpaqi npo Bcpc
:ouciuoro nc (aui inqopaui npo nanncannu nn o(nic 4n ui:i
uox cnqonin. Ta nixo n nc :ancpc4yc, mo uono:nop ir
nanncan x, o (oc:i(nnun :a:na4aui, mo uin (opc uo:o(iu
cxniuou a qopan incpycna:ino y:nun, mo ui(4yuacicu
u noro xopounx uopax. Hixo nc ouc u:un na ccc ci:nuici
ucp(nn, mo Bcpc:ouciunn nc :nau cnqonin ao yucpup :a
xi(nocuponcnciunx uono:nopiu, a(uc i u I:yxoui
8
{uumo uin
a napo(nucu 4n unu), i u Hccpyp:i uin au naro(y c:yxan
auy y:nuy i pan y4aci y unuonanni.
Bau:nun c :ayuaucnnu V.Harinun npo c, mo npccn(cn
na :uannu aua(ciua Bo:onciuo qi:aponi au yn yc:au:cnn
uono:nopo. Tau, unnn Vouap cu:a(au icnn y 177u poui
uuc y(y4n :nacnnn. Ho:cq Vnc:nuc4cu yu na 4ac icnniu
1
V X\III cn. npan::nc enna0nn en0auu uon n/0 :qn+ /+eue+. Hanpnn:a0,
0qenn 4qca q:n en0au/ e Hapn/ n 0qenn Lonep/u/, on.J7: 0qenn Enuepa
q:n anpnqnoeau/ n 0qenn Ia0ua na /u. Cepe0 neop/e nanna ecece/nuooe/0o+na
no+nosnnop/e, n Ia0u, Moapn, ne 0ocnno aano anpnqnoeauna cq+u/euo.
Ta ec/ eoun no0aunoc e /:/opaq/:una cnncnaa no+nosnnop/e 0onn, nonn anoco
/s 0oc:/0unn/e ue n/0neep0nno ao cnpocnqc ia aenopcneo.
2
Pn+au I. Mqsuna:ouu c:oeapo , Hepeeo0 L.Ppeucoua. Ho0 pe0. P.Jue:.
Mocneaenn, I00I.
8
I:qaoe qe ea:nen+ / suaun+ +qsn:un+ eunpo+ Vnpaiun e s no:annq X\III
cno:/nn. 4 e I7I po/ nq0n npniaa:a 0: nq:/:uoi o`en a:qeauoi pa+onn
ua eno+aucneo na qpo:ncnocne paso+ s E.I.Posq+oeconn+ npqna annop/e. Ho
:a:nc a:n na eunenn e cqnpoeo0/ /ucnpq+euna:ouoi +qsnnn, pa:n qpauqson/
no+e0/i (+o:neo, qpauqson/ no+/:u/ onepn). V I:qaoe/ q e :ac q:o
opau/soeauo nane:q s 10 0ope n/0onoe:euna +qsnnaun/e, nepeeauo e/n:nsuu na.
138
auopo (cu`un oncp, nc cnmc uu pn(uun cnqonin a yucp
up, piox uonucpiu, i:imc (ccun uuinciu, araiox uuapc
iu, pio {npn:n:no uicina(uui) a inmnx uopiu
1
. nu :acui(
4n:a uoiciu o:onciunx aua(ciuiu na icnnax, cn:n npccn(cniu
Bcpc:ouciuoro a Vnc:nuc4ua {a uonn cu:acnyua:ncu u o(nn
(cni 1 paunu 1771 pouy) y:n piunnn, i uonn nponm:n
u aua(ciun o(noro:ocno. Bn or:o auc yn, uun Bcpc:ou
ciunn yu auopo i:iun xopounx uopiu?..
3a 4aciu Iacpnnn II, uu npaun:o, a:anounnx o:o(nx
:u(cn ui(puua:n :a uop(on na (cpuauni uomn. Cac ccpc( (cp
uaunnx ncncioncpiu po:myuyua:n i`u yupanciuoro y:nuana.
Ta Bcpc:ouciunn, nauii uumo uin napo(nucu u ccpc(nni 4ux
pouiu, ir no4an cuoc :auop(onnc nau4annu mc npn C:n:auci
Hcpiuni. A :a 4nn paxynou u4n:n o:o(i a:ann (o Iacpnnn II?
V.Pnuapcua (pyuyc uau:nunn (ouycn npo un(a4y nacnopiu y
1764 poui (uo a:opociuna, uunx y:o ui(npau:cno (o Ia:i
rciano Inpn:o Po:youciun {a :na4ni, noro uomo).
Hcpmc npi:unmc uauuo npo4nan, a:c (oc:i(nnuu npnnycuac, mo
uc yu Bcpc:ouciunn.
Hcu4acno, : ncncpc(a4cnnn :apnuan opnyua:n rpomi
cnncn(ian {npn4oy nc :nmc (cpuauni, a n npnuani). Iomn
:a (ua poun ncpcyuannu u Ia:i {1772 a 1778) Bcpc:ouciunn
o(cpuau :nmc u 1774 poui u Hccpyp:i. Hpo inmi unna(un
opnannu rpomcn ao npo x :apnuy ni4oro nc ui(oo.
Vouna npnnycnn, mo npn:n:no au pan:u:ocu i u inmi
poun noro ncpcyuannu :a uop(ono. Oou, uin nounncn yu
:apo:un coi na npounu. A:c (:u uioro pca y:o an
nocinnc icuc poon {nanpnu:a(, rpan u uuoyci opuccpi)
ao uonucpyuan uu co:icy u pi:nnx icax a upanax {a:c
u4nncu i uo(no4ac uonucpyuan naupu( 4n y:o ou:nuo), ao
nncan y:nuy.
Ha ny:inoy apuymi cnqoni Bcpcmio:o coi `XI.
A:c, uu :a:na4a:oci unmc, Hcuap(icp n:anyuau un(auan mo
nunu nouy cnqoniu i (auau n cuin nopu(uounn nocp. To
o, cuc ny:inoro apuyma noui(o:uc npo o(nna(uuy nyc
1
Teop:n 0oqnon Mnc:nee:na nano ue 0o n/u s`coeaun. 3npau:n +anep/a:n,
+qsnnosuae/ 0oc:/0unnn oo neop:ocn/ enc:oe:uuno uoe/ /nonesn / nepe:
0auno neopn /umna +qsnnaun/e, n/ ee anpnqnoeauo.
139
pouany cnqoniu, mo un(ac Hcuap(icp, a nc npo o(nna(uuy
cnqoniu Bcpcmio:o.
Cu:a( opuccpy nnounn (:u XVIII co:iu i aunn cann,
uu u oncpi coqon, c(nnoy na ucn 4ac uopi Bcpc:ouciuoro,
mo (ac :ory no:nanonncu : noro opuccpoun cn:c. Bi(cy
nici (annx npo nanncannu cnqoni nc c (oua:o oro, mo
Bcpc:ouciunn y uioy uanpi nc npauuuau. ournn 4ac ncui(oou
:a:nma:aci Conaa (:u cupnnun, a:c :pcmou y:o :nan(cno
1
.
nu or:n nopannn (o upanui onycn Bcpc:ouciuoro, ncui(oo.
oxan : Poci (o Ia:i a naunaun ouna y:o uu cyxonynn,
au i opciun m:uxo, i u ocannioy unna(uy upanuiu nc
ou:nuo y:o onnyn. Ca Bcpc:ouciunn ir yn u Hapnui
ao (o 4cpunu 17S pouy, ao nic:u paunu 1761 pouy, oy mo
u ucn ncpio( uin opnyuau n:anu u Opanicnayciuoy capi
uc:nuoro unu:u Hcpa uc(opoun4a. Hcui(oo, cui:iun pa:iu Bcpc
:ouciunn un:(nu :a uop(on i uo:n ui(y:aci noro ncpma no:(ua.
A:c (:u ony:iuyuannu cuoc y:nun u Hapnui uono:nopoui nc
oou`u:uouo y:o y(n xan. Hcui(oo, 4n yuau uo:nci y upanui
ouapnm Bcpc:ouciuoro no icnnax na :uannu aua(ciua Bo:onciuo
qi:aponi Ho:cq Vnc:nuc4cu, a:c noro uopn auou (pyuyua:ncu
y Hcuap(icpa a u inmnx qpanuy:iunx un(auuiu. Bano {Baillcux),
c uua {Lc Duc), c Vcny {Lc Vcnu), c Vcny a Boncpa
{Lc Vcnu 8 Boycr), Bcnic {Vcnicr). o oro u Conaa (:u cupnn
un a 4ca:o auou :naxo(nicu cac u Hapnui.
Hpn4nna, 4cpc: uuy non or:n yn na(pyuouani y upanui,
a nc u Poci 4n Ia:i, npoca. :nmc nanpnuinui XVIII c. u unx
upanax na:aro(n:n unnycu nono (pyuouano npo(yuui. Barao
ia:inciunx uono:nopiu un(aua:n cuo non cac y upanui, o
nccuuo rpauipyuannu no u Ia:i, :a cui(4cnnu ui(ooro y
:n4noro nncicnnnua a icopnua Bap:i:a Bcpni, y:o upa4cnc
i (o oro u no ucin Ia:i nc ouna ui(myuan ni4oro no(inoro
(o y:n4noro ara:nny
2
. B Poci auou noo(pyuyuannu na on
4ac y:o anuc ui(cync, oy non (pyuyua:ncu :a uop(ono
8
.
1
Lepesoeconn M. Couana 0: cnpnnnn na :e+a:o. E., I08J. Hepmq nq:/na/u
s0/cune M.L.Cnenaueuno.
2
Lepu/ u. Hnn sa nu.: Manepna:u n 0onq+eunu no ncnopnn +qsunn. T.2. X\III
een. M. I0J1. C.2J2.
8
Cepe0 uon X\III cn. s no:en/i Posq+oeconna sqcnp/:ac+o en0auu s poc/conn+n
npncena+n, :acn/me e/0 en0ae/e, u/ e/0 no+nosnnop/e, paqq P/c:oopcono+q,
ee:nno+q nusu Hae:q Henpoen:q, /+nepanpn/ C:nsaeen/ O:enc/ieu/.
140
A:c xo i uo:n ir npnuc:n non Bcpc:ouciuoro i ncpc(an
x un(auucui?
Ccpc( ncpmnx ny:iuauin Hcuap(icpa unu: cnqonin pi
:nnx auopiu, a cac. (uox cnqonin n.Caiua, (uox cnqonin
Io:iuaycpa {HolIzhaucr :na4nicu na ny:inoy apuymi uu Ol
xshaurg), Cnqoni co:o inop na(pc Vapini
1
a cnqoni pe
auop noro y4nu Hiuo:o Hoc::i. Hanuiuauimc, mo ui o`c(nani
u unu: uopn npncuu4cno pocinciuoy unu:cui Io:iunny. Sci ovc
rIurc, a piu sIromcnIi composIc da vari auIori dcdic au Princc
CaliIzin. B on 4ac y Hapnui y:o (uoc unu:iu Io:iunnnx
npo O:cucinoun4 a npo Vnxan:oun4
2
. Ioy : nnx npn
cuu4yua:ncu uopn o4no ucanounn ncou:nuo. O`uua npo
ny:iuauiu cnqonin pi:nnx auopiu, npncuu4cnnx Io:iunny, (a
ycicu Horancono 11 ucpccnu 17S pouy
8
. Bn(annu cnqonin
Bcpcmio:o, uu :a:na4a:ocu unmc, Hcuap(icp :(incnnu y 176u
poui, oo ni:nimc ui( ro:iunnciunx cnqonin i nic:u oro,
uo:n y:o opnano :iucn:iu. Vou:nuo, mo o(nn : unu:iu Io
:iunnnx i yu icu :u(nnou, mo npnuc::a non Bcpc:ouciuoro
(o Hcuap(icpa i :aoun:a unu: cnqonin, npncuu4cnnn ao coi,
ao uoyci i: po(n4iu. Bauannu npnucpnyn yuary nouynuiu y
:n4nnn nounnuan a unuonan u:uc :oou`u:annu (pyuyuan
monunu nouy cnqoniu :ycn:o (pyuyuan non nc i:iun :na
nnx, a n :ouci ncui(onx auopiu. Vouna cucp(uyuan, mo
:au(uun uonaua Hcuap(icpa : Io:iunnn ccpc( napn:iunx un
(auuiu uin ir yn ncpmn, xo (pyuyuau non cniuui4n:nnuiu
unu:u.
1
(oeauu/ Lann/cna Mapn/u/ (I70I781) /na:/conn neopennn na /cnopnn
+qsnnn, en0anun ne0ao na +qsnnaunennouaeeo. V uooo e:n:nc e p/su/ :acn
en0anu/ ceponecon/ no+nosnnopn, cepe0 nna I.X.Laa, P.Moapn, H.Ho+e::/,
X.P.I:un, 4.Ipenp/ a nano / M.Lepesoeconn.
2
Euso (+nnpo O:enc/oen: Io:/nu (I7J1I80J) 0nn:o+an na nnco+euunn, s
I71 no I78 p/n npaueae npn poc/cono+q noco:ocne/ e Hapn/. H/0npn+qeae
/0ei Po:onepa na (/0po, +ae s un+n, a nano s /umn+n cq:acun+n o+q nnco
+euunna+n 0pqu/ cnocqunn, ennopncnoeqeae ia n/0npn+nq 0: snpauu aq0ou/a
papnnen/e na aunnn/e. q I78 po/ oo q:o npnsua:euo ua0sen:aun+ noc:o+
0o Iaan, 0e e/u / no+ep.
Euso (+nnpo Mnaa:oen: Io:/nu (I72II70J) suaao0nec e Hapn/ q I70 po/,
no:n no+ep poc/conn noco: M.H.LecnqeePu+/u (I88I70). (enn :ac (+n
npo Mnaa:oen: e/e poc/con/ cnpaen e Hapn/. Mo:neo, e/u nepeqeae q Hapn/
pau/me. V I7 po/ oo npnsua:n:n noc:o+ 0o P/0u, 0e e/u suaao0nec ua
c:q/ 0o I702 ponq.
8
1ohansson. French, p.2J.
141
O(nc : nancu:a(nimnx nnani 4n ir Bcpc:ouciunn na
nncan cnqoniu (o 176u pouy? Bono :a:nmacicu ui(upnn,
o, na ua:i, i cioro(ni mc ncac (ouycna:ino ni(ucp(ucno
(an napo(ucnnu uono:nopa
1
. 3a :ara:inoun:nanou ucpcicu, uin
napo(nucu y 174 poui, oy uc unr:u(ac ncnouipnn. auopoui
y:o 1 pouiu. A:c anuc uci cy4acni (oc:i(nnun ni((aui uu
(ay cyniuy, oy mo 174 piu napo(ucnnu cyncpc4ni uu a
raio (ouycna:ino ni(ucp(ucnn, au i rinocn4nn qaua
noro iorpaqi {: uuoro uiuy i cui:iun pouiu uin nau4aucu u
IncuoVorn:unciuin aua(ci, uo:n y nioro y:a yauiu ro:ocy,
4n or:n 18pi4noro unaua na:nuan rocno(nno Bcpc:ouciun
i cn:a4yuan noy i:imy n:anuronopap, aniu inmn y:nuan
a i a in.). Y (oui(uouin :icpaypi :ycpi4aco (ay napo(
ucnnu Bcpc:ouciuoro, no4nnau4n ui( 172 pouy
2
. Ouc, noun nc
y(yi po:myuani (ouycnn cocouno uioro, nanncannu nn cn
qoni (o 176u pouy ui:uo nouipno, i nc i:im qanacn4no,
niu noro napo(ucnnu u 174 poui.
Hapcmi, ucpciu npo c, uu : Bcpc:ouciuoro :pon:n cnninopa
Bcpcmio:o {Bcpc:cno:o). 3 ny:o:ucpncnnu ucc (yuc npoco.
uun uin yu qpanuy:o, o noncpc(y noro npi:unma cou:a
:icpa V. ao Vr {monsicur, u ncpcu:a(i yupanciuou nan),
a uumo uono:nop ino:ccui, o ncpc( npi:unmc caun:n
Signor {cnninop). C:ou`unciui npi:unma a icna :ouci nc :crui
(:u cuponcnuiu. Hon:un :ycpi4auicu i u nami (ni, i nauii u
cnunu:onc(n4nnx un(annux. Hanpnu:a(, y ui(ooy cnunu:onc(n
4noy c:ounnuy Enncpa i`u a noaiuoui Bcpc:ouciuoro unr
:u(ac uu SoznoviIch. Vicuc napo(ucnnu An(piu Po:youciuoro u
o(nin i: qpanuy:iunx cnunu:onc(in :a:na4cno, uu Lcscmcschi {c
cmi). O(nn : uapianiu ncpcupy4cnoro npi:unma uono:nopa
:naxo(no u :nci nonoro ncpcnncyua4a Anonio Bia Bcrc
zoschi
8
, y ucica Bcrczosky. o pc4i, npi:unmc Bcpc:ouciuoro
u uoni o(noro i oro u cu:acnauinnoro npoouo:y, ony:iuoua
1
(ne. Pp:euno M. Mancn+ Lepesoeconn (o:0 /opaq/:una +anep/a:/e) , Vnpa
iucone +qsnnosuaecneo. I081. Pnn.I0.C.2J2.
2
(on:a0uo 0ne.: Pp:euno M. Mancn+ Lepesoeconn C.212.
8
Pp:euno M. Mancn+ Lepesoeconn e Ina:/i ,, Vnpaiucona +qsn:ua cna0nua:
Cnann/, +anep/a:n, 0onq+eunn. E., I080. C.77.
142
noro Pnuapcuou a Harinun
1
, unr:u(ac nopi:noy. y Pnuapcuo
Borcsovskoy, y Harinun Bcrcsovskoy.
Hcpcncnyuannu un(auuc Hcuap(icpo Bcpc:ouciuoro ca:o
nac:i(uo non:un, :po:cno o4na. Hpo :auin4cnnu iollo,
ncnnouc (:u ia:inciunx npi:unm, nm:ocu na no4auy cai, a
auou i npo pi:ni uapiann non:ou, mo x pon:n un(auui. Ho
piunuco ni(nnc Bcpc:ouciuoro :annciunn :icpan : uapianan
npi:unma uono:nopa y un(auuu Hcuap(icpa. icpn, mo :ira
uicu, (:u :py4noci ncpc(aco inmn mpnqo.
Beresowskoy, Berescwskoy au ni(nncyuaucu ca Bcpc
:ouciunn. Beresciollo, Beresciollo au no(ano npi:unmc y Hc
uap(icpa.
Toounou c ocnoua, uopini npi:unm
2
. B oox uapianax y
Hcuap(icpa pauyc ocannio :icpn y, uua or:a yn npnn
nua :a uinucunn po:4cpu. a:i cnpoyco yuunn npoci n uipo
ri(ni uapiann unnnuncnnu non:un. Hcpc( un(auuc ao noro
rpaucpo :naxo(nucu pyuonnc, i :icpa `n` or:a yn npo4n
anou, uu `/o`, a pyuonncni :icpn sk cuon uncounn upu4
uan nara(a:n no(uinnc ll, mo :ycpi4acicu u uinui npi:unm
ia:inuiu {(nu. ui(uopcnnu :annciuo :icpn s y nanncanoy
pyuou V.Bcpc:ouciuoro npoxanni npo (o:ui: na icnn na :uannu
aua(ciua a u noro cu:acnauinnin pooi {(nu. V. Pnuapcua,
c.646). Y uapiani Bcrcsciollo on, xo au cnpauy : pyuonn
can, ouc :cruo coi yuunn, uu :icpa o 4n c or:a
ncpcuopnncu na :icpy c).
oc:i(nnun uuauaui, mo ui(oi na cioro(ni uopn Bcpc:ou
ciuoro c 4acnnou cu:a(no u cn:icn4noy ui(nomcnni cna(mnnn
uono:nopa. Horo in(nui(ya:innn cn:i rpynycicu na noc(nanni
nauiona:inoro i :ara:inocuponcnciuoro, a:ancyuanni iu apouo
i u:acnun:o. Apnyuiu no :a (onoorou auopciuoro cn:u
(yuc uauuc :au(annu (:u y:nun XVIII c. R.Ic:(nm y
1
Puapeea M. Eo+nosnnop M.C.Lepesoecnn: nsuo n neop:ecneo. ., I08J. C.1
: anuu M. Pocnpemeune ns +epneua. M., I01. C.271.
2
Ho:anon np/sen ua cno:q:euu Peres Pere:] ao Perese Pere:e] ue nnnoen
0: 3aa/0uoi Ceponn. H/naeo q:o posnpnnn e o0uq nac+unu nac+unu
:u0nun, np/sene noi no:nuacnoc nan ca+o. He Lepecqop0 (Peresjoro), npo noo
sa0qc Enuep. P/u ne q n/u/ X\III na ua no:annq XIX cn. / npaueae q
Lep:/u/. Mo:neo, e/u qe mon:au0e+, a:e cepe0 oo npao nq:/na/i qnpa
iuconna n/ceuo (1he Fnss/an 1ron|aoonr or a co//ect/on oj Ikra/n/an ano other nat /ona/
ne/oo/es... Lonoon, I8I).
143
ncpc(oui (o onorpaqi V.Pnuapcuo ui(:na4ac. 3auu(n c pn:nu
ui:innx cy`cununnx uncnouuiu. Bi(oo, cui:iun non:ou y:o
:po:cno u nccuui 4cpc: no(inoro po(y apnyui {c.7).
I uccaun uona ncoxi(na.
Cnqoniu cu:a(acicu : 4onpiox 4acnn. I. Allcgro, Cdur,
2,4 {17u .) II. AndanIino, gmoll, 8,4 {7 .) III. VinucIo,
Cdur, 8,4 {6u ., : pcnpn:an 12u .) IV. PrcsIissimo,
Cdur, 6,S {u4 ., : pcnpn:an 1SS .)
Hcpma 4acnna Allcgro cuocpi(no noc(nyc c:ccnn
capoconano, pon(o a ui:ino qop. Eucno:nuiu, nnouo cona
na, ac 4onpn cn {ro:ouna napiu .1S ]4-4|, cno:y4na
.u1S ]4-6|, noi4na .1u26 ]4-4|, :au:u4na
.278S ]2-4-6|), (a:i n(c :acnouannn na nouoy onunoy
acpia:i : c:ccnan ni(ro:ocuouo no:iqoni cni:o( u xapaucpi
po:poun {.8u7u), pcnpn:a, ao noucpncnnu ncpmo cn uu
pcqpcny u pon(o, a:c u (oinanouin ona:inoci {.717S),
uo(a ao noucpncnnu ncpmo cn u ocnounin ona:inoci a
:au:u4no cn {.14717u).
Hcpma ca noc(nyc nacniunici : anuuua:inicu, :n:iua
(o napo(no :a xapaucpo, cpyuypou {ncpio( : (uox uua(pannx
pc4cni no 4onpn aun), pno, mo nara(yc uo:a4ou, ronau
ao cc:nuu, a auou :a c:o(nuou, :n:iuou (o yupanciunx
a pocinciunx niccni {(nu. np.1)
Hopiunuco uu c:o(iu : ncpmou cou Conan (:u cupnn
un a 4ca:o (o auop {(:u o4cun(noci pancnonyco ocannu
u Co:o auop{(nu.np.2)
I.
2.
144
B oox npnu:a(ax c:o(iu no4nnacicu n:aunn nocyncnc
un pyxo ui( oniun uropy, :a nn ni(upcc:cnnu IV ma:u
{y ncpmoy unna(uy cn:inou (o:cu, y (pyroy (ourn
:uyuo), xi( : IV na II mac:i a ocniuyuannu oniun.
a:i, nic:u unu:a(y ro:ounnx napin i u conai, i u cnqoni
:`uu:uuicu ccuucnuinnnn pyx y c:o(i a cnnuonn u pni, mo
c xapaucpnnn o:nauan i cno:y4no, i :acnouano na nx uc
onuax :au:u4no napin, auou :n:iunx (o napo(noro anuu
{yupanciuoro ao no:iciuoro) {(nu.np.8).
Bonn no(ini i (o uapiany Io:a4ua : Yupanciuo cnqo
ni co:o inop ncui(ooro auopa XIX c.
Hc unxo(ni :a cui anuuua:inoci n noi4na napiu.
Inmi 4acnnn cnqoni i:im uonauni :a qopou. pyra
AndanIino uc :ipn4na uy:iinauiu unu:y. Hn:xi(ni nocniuun
ncpmo cn : xapaucpnou :i:imcnou ccuyn(ou :uy4ai cyno
i nauii pari4no, mo ni(upcc:cno nacn4nn cpnuo na (c
uny, ni(cn:cnn nynunpnn pno y y aui. Tnnounn
(:u poancy ni:nimoro 4acy no4auounn cpnou na ccucy uropy
no(ano uu xi( na cpuiu unn: {(nu.np.4).
Vouna nauccn arao niccni : ana:ori4nou noc:i(ounicu
c:o(i ui( V (o III ma:u, ocniuyuannu oniun a :i:imcnou
ccuyn(ou u ccpc(nni. Hc anuc ui:nna uapua nc i:iun yu
panciuoro napo(noro poancy, a n yupanciunx uono:nopiunpo
qcciona:iu.
III 4acnna Vcnyc : pio mun(mc napo(nnn, niu
ra:annnn. Tpio Vcnyca nanncano u cu:a(nin (uo4acnnnin pc
npn:nin qopi. Horo on(ui cn xapaucpn:yc c:o(innici i
cn:oa unc:ou:uuannu. Y co:oinopnin ci ui(4yuacicu rcnc
n4na :n:uici (o uanouo :ipnun {(nu.np.).
J.
1.
145
C/e+o:oauopna ca :n:iua (o poancouo y ncpmin
no:ounni i (o nnouo incpycna:ino u:acn4no y (pyrin
{(nu.np.6).
uina: cnqoni noucpac uanpoanuuua:ini opa:n I 4a
cnnn, a:c u :ara:innx qopax nanyc aocqcpa pa(icno pyx
:nuoci a ua:cn(ocuoni4noci.
Ho:a cuan cai :a:nmn:acu Cnqoniu : rooun (o
auop cnninopa Bcpc:cno:o, un(ana y Hcuap(icpa : nopu(uo
un nocpo 18 {cu:a( opuccpy aunn uc, uu i u cnqoni
`11). A:c no noun mo nc opnano. Bi(oo, mo : 4onpiox
i:iocu cuiy, (c uona :cpcr:acu, pn nc aui nounoro uo
n:cuy ro:ociu. o oro u u nnx ui(cyni nanuau:nuimi napi
roou. yau, mo nc :nmc ui cnqoni (onounui cnncou uopiu
Bcpc:ouciuoro. Houi :naxi(un onyciu c:aucnoro uono:nopa :`u
u:uicu uuc nan:nu4n 4aco, o arao yupanciunx y:nuan
iu aui cncp ou:nuici uncynan :a uop(ono, a ui(au c
manc :nann a y y:n4nnx i:iocuax uopn, npo uui ouna
i:iun :(ora(yuanci. Vouc, uoyci nomacni ui(myuan ano
niny unnry. Essai sur la liIIcraIurc russc... avcc unc hisIoirc
ahrcgcc dc la musiquc cn Bussic, uua inpnryc nc i:iun na:uou,
a n mc i:imc. icuc a pouo un(annu. iuopno, 1774. Vo
u:nuo, a c noui qaun npo Bcpc:ouciuoro Bcpc:cno:o.
Iouna : na`uou y:n4no uy:iypn 6ux pouiu XVIII c.
:ac:yrouyc na yuary. x :cpcr:ocu y cuii ncarao. Bnu:nuaui
incpcc i cnqoni cnninopa Bcpcmio:o, nauii uumo unuunicu,
mo uonn nc aui (o Bcpc:ouciuoro niuuoro ui(nomcnnu.
.
.
146
. Ie:euno
"EMOmOHT LEPE3OBCLKOIO
OHEPA-HACTIHHO!
Hpo nocanouuy c(nno ui(oo oncpn Bcpc:ouciuoro co
qon u Ia:i y 1778 poui (ocioro(ni cui(4n:n i qaun, npo
uui n(cicu y npaui Pocpa Voo:cpa Annalcs dc la musiquc cI
dcs musicicns cn Bussic au XVIIImc sicclc
1)
, a cac. 1) noui
(o:cnnu ui( 27 :uoro 1778 pouy npo cncuau:i y :iuopnciuin
ra:ci XoIizic dcl mondo, 2) :annc npo unuonauuiu, na(pyuo
uannn y i:anciuoy Indccc dc spcIIacoli IcaIrali dcll`anno 1778
{Houau4nu capa:innx cncuau:iu :a 1778 piu, Vilan, 1778),
8) non, mo :cpirauicu u i:iocui u:opcninciuo uonccpua
opi {uc (a:o ni(caun :ponn uncnouou npo ou:nuici unuo
nannu uo u:opcnui, (c y :ncona(i oro u 1778 pouy y:o
nocau:cno anoniny oncpy coqon
2)
.
Ocanni 4aco na 3axo(i :`uun:ncu (oui(uoui un(annu, na
ua:i, a:o (ocynni (:u ui4n:nunnx (oc:i(nnuiu. B nnx :ycpi
4aco panimc nc ui(oi qaun, uui ni(ucp(uyui ao cnpoco
uyui capi rinoc:n, au 4n inaumc npou:a(au4n m:ux (o icnnn,
(onoarau4n npo:nn cui:o na cu:a(nnn i (oci acnn4nn m:ux
unu i uop4oci Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro.
O(nn : aunx (ucpc: c Oncpnnn :cucnuonHicrcpa
8)

nouc (oui(uouc un(annu, mo (ac ou:nuici (oc:i(nnua opnan
nanmnpmy cioro(ni inqopauiu mo(o uioro uanpy. Hc 4onpn
4acnnna cnunu:onc(iu oncp, uua cu:a(acicu : 11n unnr uc
:nuoro qopay. B nin c ncpc:iu oncp uounoro auopa y:nun
4n :ipcnca i: uua:iuuou na ico i (ay ncpmo nocanouun,
1)
Mooser, Fo|ert. 4nna/es oe /a nns/qne et oes nns/c/ens en Fnss/e an X\IIIne
s/ecc/e. Cenere, I018I0I. \. II. I. II. (ne. nano: Puapeea M. Eo+nosnnop
M. C. Lepesoecnn: nsuo n neop:ecneo. . Mqsuna, I08J. C. 0J.
2)
4:e sua0eu/ :onnpn ap/i Lepesoeconoo ece nann +a:n ua ceoia nnnq:ouna
apnqmaa uannc : L/rorno, I77J.
8)
St/eger. Opern/ea/con. II P. Tnt:/ng: |eq Hans Schne/oer. I071I080.
141
na:uou capy, (c ui(yua:aci npc`cpa, inqopauiu npo npc`cpn
u oupcnx icax 4n, nanpnu:a(, npo oncpn, nanncani uinuan,
npo oncpnnx uono:nopiu, mo nc (oun:n (o 4u pouiu, i npo
nx, mo nim:n : unu nic:u 7un. Bona (ac ou:nuici :nann
auopa :nmc :a na:uou uopy.
3 Oncpnoro :cucnuony Hicrcpa (i:nacocu npo c, mo c
(ui oncpn : na:uou coqon na :ipco pi:nnx :ipcnciu.
Hcpmn (o uioro cuucy :ucpnyucu upan4ccuo Bcucpini. Horo
coqon ac pn aun. Auop y:nun ncui(onn. Hpc`cpni
cncuau:i ui(y:nci y ci4ni 166u pouy u Ha:cpo a u pnciuoy
capi Io:onna y 4cpuni oro u pouy. pyrnn :ipcnc
ui(onn H`cpo Vcaca:io {16uS17S2, cnpauunc npi:unmc Tpa
nacci) cuopnu naci:iun u(a:c :ipco {auou na pn aun),
mo na ucn cuuc y:o nanncano arao oncp. coqonn uu
caca:n nomnpn:ncu no ucin Cuponi, ncou unnpau(ouyu4n o
pannn auopo nccu(oni. 3 1788 no 17u piu ui(y:ncu uncaun
74n pi:nnx oncpnnx coqoniu i nauii (uox a:ciu : icu
u na:uou, xo4 :ipco uic oncpn (oc:i(nnun nc ui(nocui (o
nannony:upnimnx :noiu caca:icuciunx
1)
. Icorpaqiu cncuau
:iu Bi(cni, Bcncuiu, Hcano:i, Pn, on(on, Vunxcn, Ipau,
Bcp:in, Va(pn(, iccaon, Ioncnrarcn, poninrxo:i {no:n:y
Couro:ia), Hyrap, Hpara, A:cucan(piu i . (., a auou
ia:inciui ica, uui uuc :ycpi4a:ncu u iorpaqi Bcpc:ouciuoro.
iuopno, Bo:oniu, u:opcnuiu. Hiuauo, mo ccpc( auopiu co
qoniu y:n uono:nopn, c:noccpc(nio :u`u:ani : Pocicu. Hc
uouanni Bcpoua, uy:cnnc Capi, Toa:o Tpaca, uouanni
Ha:ic::o, Iacano Hyniuni a Iacnap An(uo:ini. uouanni Bc
poua :naxo(nucu na npn(uopnin c:yui y Hccpyp:i y 1781
178S pouax. A:c npc`cpa noro oncpn coqon ui(y:aci y
1742 poui na cucni npn(uopnoro capy u Bpaynmucn:i, oo
uuc nic:u ui(`:(y : Poci. coqon Ha:ic::o npo:uy4au {Bc
ncuiu, 177) ni:nimc :a oncpy Bcpc:ouciuoro, uua uuauacicu
nanncanou y 1778 poui. uy:cnnc Capi uncpmc nocaunu cuoro
coqona y 17 poui u Iopo:cuciuoy capi u Ioncnrarcni,
1)
Honepe0u/ ee:nnn onepun c:oeunn (C/enentLaronsse. D/ct/onna/re oes Operas.
Iar/s, I00), ua nn nocn:a:nco 0oc:/0unnn neop:ocn/ M. Lepesoeconoo, noe/0o
+:e npo JJ aenop/e +qsnnn 0o `(e+oqouna`. 4enopn poonn npo Lepesoeconoo
C. eeamoe na O. Ho:ea/u, e+/euoi e npenoo+q no+/ I0nn no+uoi `Hcnopnn
pqccno +qsunn` (M., I08), nnmqno npo /:om n 0 aenop/e, a q nocepa
ia 71.
148
nounn uapian auou a, y 1771 poui, a:c u Pociu uin
npnxau y 17S4 poui, uuc nic:u ccpi Bcpc:ouciuoro. Tauou
nic:u ccpi Bcpc:ouciuoro y:o nanncano coqon Hyniuni
{Typin, 17S7) i a:c An(uo:ini : icu u na:uou {Vi:an,
a Cua:a, 17Su).
Ccpc( uono:nopiu, uui nnca:n y:nuy na cuuc co
qona, yu i Ba:i(a:ap Ia:ynni. Hcn qau (oci :a:nmaucu no:a
yuarou ui4n:nunnx (oc:i(nnuiu, xo4 i`u Ia:ynni :auu(n nou`u
:ycicu : Bcpc:ouciun, uunn, ou:nuo, pau ypoun y nioro y
Hccpyp:i, ao xo4a y4nucu na uopax :nacnnoro accpo
na npi:unciuo Bypanc:o. Bncpmc Ia:ynni nocaunu coqon
a u Va(pi(i y 174u poui, inma uncaua uic oncpn ui(y:aci y
Ha(y y 17S poui
1)
. B Poci Ia:ynni npauuuau y 176176S
pouax. Bi(ooccn npo nocanouuy noro coqona u Poci nc
:cpcr:ocu. Y 1766 poui uin noua:au na pocinciuin cucni (ui cuo
oncpn uc Hounnya i(ona {Didona ahandonaIa) a Io
po:inacyx {Il rc pasIorc), a y 176S Iqircniu u Taupn(i.
On(ui oncpn 1766 pouy, uu npo uc :ayuaunu R. Ic:(nm
2)
, nc
y:n nounn, xo4 npo ncpmy : nnx Hc:in i nncau uu npo
npc`cpny. Hacnpau(i noro i(ony i Iopo:unacyxa uncpmc
noa4n:n na ia:inciunx cucnax. Hcn qau nauo(ni na (yuy,
mo napnypn nc :nmc unx, a n inmnx cuox oncp au Ia:ynni
y cuox ua:i:ax. oua:o uioro ir n yn qau :cpirannu u
i:iocuax Poci napnyp inmnx oncp Ia:ynni
8)
. I (incno, :a
(annn cnunu:onc(n4noro c:ounnua Ipoyua, napnypn oncp Sci
pionc in CarIaginc {1742 p.) a La diavolcssa {17) :cpi
rauicu u Vocuouciuoy (cpuaunoy ucnpa:inoy y:c y:n4
no uy:iypn i. V. I:inun. Vou:nuo, Ba:ia:ap Ia:ynni au
i: coou i napnypy coqona. A uumo au, o ncpmc :na
nocuo Bcpc:ouciuoro : oncpou or:o cancu u on 4ac, uo:n
Ia:ynni npnyu (o Poci
4)
.
1)
Hpo e +oua 0/suannc nano s eunn:one0n:uoo 20no+uoo c:oeunna Ipoqea
(Crore). 1he Nen Crore D/ct/onar/es oj Mns/c ano Mns/c/ans. I080.
2)
Ee:0um P. P. Hna:oucna onepa ,, Hcnopn pqccno +qsunn. T. 2. M., I081.
C. III.
8)
e 0o npnis0q Ia:qnn/ e Poc/u q:o nocnae:euo oua+eume m/cno oo onep
e neanp/ onane::/ q I78I70, ca+e e no :ac, no:n 0o Henepqpa npnqe
M. Lepesoeconn.
4)
Cuen `(e+oqouna` +/ qnn e/0o+n q Poc/i sae0nn `(e+oqounq` o+o
uocoea.
149
Ho(o nocanouun coqona Bcpc:ouciuoro u Ia:i
Oncpnnn :cucnuon (ac nouy, nccno(iuany i nauii ccncauinny
(ay 1766 piu, iuopno, cap Can Ccacian
1)
. pyrou ncc
no(iuanuou ca:a inqopauiu npo c, mo auopn oncpn Divcrsc
{Bcrcsowski), oo pi:ni auopn a Bcpc:ouciunn. Hc noui(o
:cnnu :ymyc noucpnynci (o ypnuua : :nca Bcpcnnina, uno
uanoro u onorpaqi V.Pnuapcuo npo Bcpc:ouciuoro. Bcpcnnin
po:myuyuau inqopauiu npo Bcpc:ouciuoro y i:iocuax Bcncui,
Bo:oni a Vi:ana, npo mo :a:na4au. Horo oncpa coqon,
npo uuy y nac nnmyi uu npo ry4nnn noro ycnix, nc i:iun
auoro nc a:a, a nauii nc :uy4a:a ni( noro icnc, a au.
y:nua, cu:a(cna : apin ui(onx uono:nopiu. Ouc, co
qon Bcpc:ouciuoro oncpanaci44o? Vou:nuo, cac oy,
mo uc y:a oncpanaci44o, i`u Bcpc:ouciuoro ui(cync y q:o
pcninciuoy noui(o:cnni npo uncauy oncpn, npo uuc nncau
Voo:cp? numo noro(nnci : n, mo Bcpc:ouciunn yu auopo
i:iun 4acnnn y:nun (o oncpn, o pca :ucpnyn yuary na uci
uncaun coqona, (c pauyc icni auopa, ao i, (c y:nuy
nanncano pi:nnn uono:nopan? Vou:nuo, n ccpc( nnx c i,
mo xo4a 4acuouo na:cua:n Bcpc:ouciuoy?
3 Oncpnoro :cucnuony Hicrcpa ouco (i:nancu npo
pi:ni uncaun oncpnaci44o : na:uou coqon, a auou npo
i coqonn, auopn y:nun uunx ncui(oi. Tau, :nau nn
annu, :aici npi:unma auopa, :na4nicu na aqimi cncuau:u
178u pouy u Ipaui, u capi Hcpro:a y u:opcnui uoccnn 1746 p.,
rpy(ni 174 p. a uoccnn 1762 p., ni( 4ac uapnaua:y 17S2 p. u
Hapo(noy {Puhlico) capi u uuua. B uounoy : unx unna(uiu
1)
St/eger. Opern/ea/con: 1e// I, Pano I. I. J00.
Onepq q:o nocnae:euo n/0 :ac napuaea:q, ua no+q nposeq:a:a onepa 0pau:ecno
Hauenn/ (Zanett/) `D/oona a|anoonata`. Hauenn/ qe cn/eano+ na no+nosnnopo+,
::euo+ p/suna +qsn:una ana0e+/, ao: oo neopn ue q:n nonq:pun+n uae/no
ceoo :acq. P uonu/ no:en/i po0nun Posq+oeconna, npe0cnaeunnn noi +o:n
qnn suao+/ s Lepesoeconn+, q:n uonn Hauenn/. He pqnonncu/ non/i Tp/o 0:
0eoa cnpnnon s aco+, op. 2 (cnapn mnqp J JI8).) s ua/:om enop0noeauoi
e q X\III cno:/nn/ :acnnun no:en/i O. E. Posq+oeconoo Ia +/cesuaao0euu
unu/ uee/0o+o, a:e cepe0 uon /umna Posq+oeconna (Enpn:a ao O:enc/ Ip.) se
pe:nc pqnonncu/ uonn np/o Hauenn/ (/ue. I2I20, I2I20). Eon/i e/0neopeuo
ua nanep/ /na:/conoo enpounnea.
H/naeo nano ne, o e Ina:/i, ca+e q I7I7 ponaa, suaao0nec enceno+au
Posq+oeconn paso+ /s cnapmn+ cnuo+ O:enc/c+. Hpo ia noo:acu/ +qsn:u/ epa
euu cnoa0/e ue sa:nmn:oc, sa enunno+ :ncna E. Posq+oeconoo, 0e e/u,
e/0e/0aemn onepu/ cnennan:/ q Peue/i ee n/0 :ac nocnq, nono n/su/me sa nap
uaea:ou/, nncae, o eeue/aucona onepa s0a:ac o+q uq0uou.
150
Bcpc:ouciunn nc ir yn ani auopo, ani cniuauopo, oy mo
xpono:ori4no uncaun u Ipaui a uuua :naxo(uicu no:a pa
uan uncuoro m:uxy uono:nopa, a anonini oncpn y u:o
pcnui nocau:cni u on 4ac, uo:n uono:nop mc unu y Poci
{1746, 174, 1762 pp.).
3ucpnioci cncp (o oncpnaci44o {divcrsc) coqon. Ta
ui uncaun ui(y:ncu u on(oni y 17 poui, a noi y 17Su
poui : npniuou pi:ni, u. Bcponi, y Bcncui u capi Can
Bcnc(co y 17u a y 17u1 pouax, y capi Can Ccacian
y iuopno u 172 a 1766 pouax, u capi uopa:iupi {Forma
gliari) u Bo:oni y 1771 poui, u capi Hcpro:a y u:opcnui y
17SS poui. an ncpmo a (pyro :on(onciunx nocanouou auou
nc or:n an ui(nomcnnu (o coqona Bcpc:ouciuoro {17,
17Su). Tc u cac cocycicu nocanouou u Bcncui y 17u a
17u1 pouax a nocanouun 17SS pouy y u:opcnui. 3noiu na:
uannx yuary npnucpaui ui(ooci npo :iuopnciui a o:onciuy
nocanouuy {xapaucpno, mo uc cai i ia:inciui icc4ua, na
uui pca y:o :ucpnyn ncpmo4cprouy yuary u :u`u:uy i: Bc
pc:ouciun). I xo4 ncpma :iuopnciua nocanouua y:a y 172
poui i Bcpc:ouciunn, :po:yi:a pi4, nc au (o nc ui(nomcnnu,
a:c y (pyrin :iuopnciuin uncaui coqona 1766 pouy, :a
noui(o:cnnu Oncpnoro :cucnuony, Bcpc:ouciunn yu o(nn :
auopiu, oo nanncau ui:iua nounx nocpiu. Tauc nonou:cnnu
oncp y:o (ocni nomnpcnc u y:n4nin npaunui XVIII co:iu.
O(nau npo ui(oy : npaui Voo:cpa :iuopnciuy uncauy 1778 p.
u Oncpnoy :cucnuoni ncac uo(noro c:oua. Hiuauo, mo n ca
Voo:cp y unnocui mo(o :iuopnciuo uncaun noui(o:uc npo c,
mo, uu nc (nuno, a:c y CronisIoria dci IcaIri di Livorno {i
onncy :iuopnciunx capiu) ncac uo(no :ra(un npo uncauy
coqona y 1778 poui, a auou i npo Bcpc:ouciuoro
1)
. Hc
u o(nin uncaui oncpnnaci44o coqon auou ir pan
y4aci Bcpc:ouciunn uc o:onciua uncaua 1771 pouy.
Hpoc (aa nocanouun oncpn Bcpc:ouciuoro u iuopno
1766 piu yo4nuc (ay ui(`:(y uono:nopa na nau4annu u
Ia:iu. Ocanni 4aco ucc 4acimc nayuouui cxn:uuicu (o oro,
mo uin unxau y 176u poui, a:c u o ir yn noro (pyrnn
ui(`:( (o Ia:i. Houi(o:cnnu Hc:ina npo Bcpc:ouciuoro uu
1)
Mooser Fo|ert. 4nna/es oe /a nns/qne et oes nns/c/ens en Fnss/e an X\IIIne s/ecc/e.
Cenere, I018-I0I. \. II. I. II.
151
npo uacpy:nuana Hpn(uopno uanc:n u noro H:uccnux o
y:iuc u Poccnn 4oyci yncou:nu:n:o npnnymcnnu, mo uo
no:nop, unxaumn (o Ia:i :n:iuo 176 pouy {uu npo uc nnca:n
ncpmi noro (oc:i(nnun Bo:xouiinou, Enncp a inmi), ir
noucpnyncu ni:nimc (o Hccpypra i :naxo(nncu ncou n nc
pc( o4na Hc:ina y 176S ao n na no4auy 176u p.
1)
176S piu, iu inmn, yu uau:nun (:u uop4o (o:i uuc
:ra(anoro Ia:ynni. Y uuini ui(y:acu npc`cpa noro oncpn Iqi
rcniu u Taupn(i c(nnoro uopy uono:nopa, nanncanoro cnc
uia:ino (:u nccpyp:iuoro (uopy. R. Ic:(nm :ayuaunu, mo u
oncpi Ia:ynni na(:un4anno uau:nuou i nouaopciuou c po:i
xopiu
2)
. x nc i:iun arao 1u, a:c uoucn : nnx nccc uc:nuc
(paaypri4nc nauanaucnnu
8)
. Hopiunuu4n uop4i ancpn Ia:yn
ni {u xopax na npauoc:auni cucn) a Bcpc:ouciuoro {uonucp
Iocno(i uouapncu) (oc:i(nnun C. cuamou a O. Ho:cxin nn
myi npo upauau4y no(inici y npnnunnax c:o(n4noro, qau
ypnoro a raponi4noro po:unuy, u (ca:ux ona:inoro n:any,
u uanpounx, cnounx a cpn4nnx cniuui(nomcnnux 4acnn a
1)
ne:nu uno. Mqsuna n a:en e Poccnn X\III eena , Hepeeo0 n ecnqn. cnano
L. H. 3aqpcnoo. Ho0 pe0. n c npe0nc:oene+ L. P. 4caqoeea. ., I0J. C. 0.
ne:/u nncae, o Lepesoeconn `unu/ c npn0eopun+ na+epun+ +qsnnauno+`. 4:e
e/0o+o, o ceoi sanncnn npo +qsnnq ne:/u no:ae nncann npn:nsuo n/c: I7J
ponq, a cn/u:ne pannoeo uaeecu/ I70. V nepe0+oe/ e/u saqeane, o oo +ane
p/a:n q:n e/0noe/00u ua npoaauu :en/conoo npoqecopa eae, aenopa nunn
npo +ncneneo, en0auoi q I7J po/. One, ca+ aenop nann+ :nuo+ 0anqc
no:anon poonn ua0 +qsn:un+n +e+qapa+n. Manep/a:n ne:/ua cno:annq npn
sua:a:nc 0: ennopncnauu eae q uoeo+q ennpae:euo+q en0auu/. H/su/me ne
:/u s+/une ua+/pn / ua0pqnqeae ceou npau, ue 0o n/u s0/cunemn n:au npo
`o:ee ocnone:ouqu opaonnq ... sanncon`, no+q o `0pq +o ue npe0oc
naen: +ue 0: onoo ueoao0n+oo epe+eun`(c.I). V npa/, na cno:annq +a:a
aapannep p/suna 0onoeueuo, ue+ac apouo:o/:uoi noc:/0oeuocn/. He +oua no+/
nnnn uae/no ua npnn:a0/ ooo napapaqq 7, e no+q 0enoc npo ne, o Le
pesoeconn unu/ c npn0eopun+ +qsnnauno+. Tpen/ asa no:nuacnoc c:oea+n `P
+nuqeme+ I78 o0q n+nepanopcona nane::a cocno:a...`, nono cn:a0 nane:n
e/0noe/0ac I78 ponq, a nencn uanncauo q I70. P :eneepno+q asa/ 0enoc
npo Ia:qnn/ na Mauqpe0/u/. Hepmn eniaae s Poc/i q I78, a:e npo e nqn
ue+ac o0uoo c:oea. Hpo e/0cnaenq Ia:qnn/ 0enoc :nme q 7I napapaq/ (c.
IJ). Hpo e/0cnaenq Mauqpe0/u/ q I78 na oo e/0`is0 uacnqnuoo ponq 0enoc
q 7J napapaq/ (c. IJ8). uo+q nqn ooe`snoeo q:o sa0auo npo e/0`is0
Lepesoeconoo?
2)
3a ce/0:euu+ ne:/ua, no:n Ia:qnn/ enepme no:qe cn/e Hpn0eopuoi nane:n q
Henepqps/, e/u qe ua0sen:auo s0neoeaun / cnasae: `Tanoo posn/muoo aopq
u/no:n ue :qe e Ina:/i` (c. 0.)
8)
Ee:0um P. P. Hna:oucna onepa ,, Hcnopn pqccno nqsunn. T. 2. M., I081.
C. IIJ.
152
x po:(i:iu
1)
. Hi cnoccpcucnnu cuamou a Ho:cxin nauc:n (:u
oro, mo ni(ucp(nn qau ou:nuoci nau4annu Bcpc:ouciuoro
y Ia:ynni. Io:n u ancpn xopouoro nncia (uox uono:nopiu
au no(ini, o y (o pc4i npnra(an, mo (cuunn 4ac (oc:i(nnun
{B. Iy(pnu, O. Iomnui a in.) nnca:n npo c, mo y Bcpc:ou
ciuoro, upi coqona, y:a mc o(na oncpa Iqircniu.
Hapo(na y(pici uauc, mo (ny nc yuac c: uornu, a, uumo
u Iqircni, uu i u coqoni, Bcpc:ouciunn nanncau i:iun
(cuui nocpn {(cuui xopn?), o 4n nc or:a o yn y:nua
(o oncpn Iqircniu Ia:ynni? Ti:iun (ca:innn y:n4nnn ana:i:,
a :a auo upauau4o no(inoci uop4o ancpn i oou`u:uounn
ana:i: no4cpuy opnrina:y napnypn ra:ynniuciuo Iqircni u Ta
upn(i ouc ni(ucp(nn 4n ui(unnyn uc npnnymcnnu.
aa uncaun coqona Bcpc:ouciuoro u iuopno, :na4no
i:im pannu y nopiununni : :ara:inoui(oou u cn:y araopi4no
incpui, :(acicu a:onouipnou, a :nanocuo : nouou ino:cnou
(oui(uouou :icpaypou nc cnpocouyc, a:c n nc ni(ucp(uyc uio
ro qauy. Haunaun, :`uu:uuicu noui n noui :annannu. Hanpn
u:a(, Vc::cnouciunn c:ounnu oncpnnx uono:nopiu a x uopiu,
mo unnmou y 1uS6 poui, no(ac mc o(ny ou:nuy cucny u
cniuno. Hc ncuc:nuc icc4uo u pn(uun ui:ocpax ui( Vi
:ana, (c, :a noui(o:cnnu auopiu, y 1766 poui y:o nocau:cno
oncpy coqon Bcpc:ouciuoro
2)
. Hc ouc yn non:uou, o
cap u cniuno, (c ui(y:acu uu uncaua, ac na:uy auy u,
uu :iuopnciunn, Can Ccaciuno {a 4n yu aunn cap y
cniuno, na ncui(oo). A:c u piu :nouyaun 1766n!
Ocao4no ni(ucp(nn (ay nocanouun coqona Bcpc
:ouciuoro u iuopno a cniuno y 1766 poui a u Bo:oni y
1771 or:n (pyuouani :ipco a ra:cni pcucn:i oro 4acy.
Ho(o ocannix, o auoro (oui(nnua y:nuo:nauui cuiy mc nc
aui, a mo cocycicu :ipco, o y ouc (onoorn ana:i
n4nnn uaa:or ia:inciunx :ipco I:au(io Capopi, un(annn y
1uuu poui
8)
{noun mo unnm:o n`ui oiu). Y uaa:o:i npc(ca
1)
eeamee E. M., Ho:eanu 4.P. M.C. Lepesoecnn ,, Hcnopn pqccno +qsunn. T.
J. M., I08. C. I1I.
2)
1he Me//en Opera Fejerence Inoea: Opera Conposers ano 1he/r Works. Len/nston,Qn
eenston: 1he Eon/n Me//en Iress, I08. \o/. I. I. I7.
8)
Sartor/ C/ano/o. I L/|rett/ /ta//an/ a stanpa oa//e or/g/n/ a/ I800 : Cata/ogo ana//t/co.
M//ano : Perto/a / Locate///, I000.
153
u:cno inqopauiu npo :ipco ia:inciunx oncp, ony:iuouannx
(o 1Suu pouy, i: uua:iuuou na icuc x :cpirannu u pi:nnx
i:iocuax cuiy. Hopiununnu cnncuy uncau, npo uui n(cicu u
Oncpnoy :cucnuoni, : ycia :ipco oro u ncpio(y u uaa:o:i
Capopi ncpcuon:nuo cui(4ni npo c, mo nc uci :ipco (inm:n
(o namoro 4acy n nc npo uci noui uncaun nm:ocu y Hicrcpa.
3uc(cnnn cnncou pi:nnx coqoniu, nocau:cnnx u ia:inciunx
capax unpo(ouu (ccun pouiu : 4acy ou:nuoro npn:(y Bcpc
:ouciuoro (o Ia:i {176177), :a (annn unx (uox (oui(nn
uiu, uu:u4ac 27 uncau {u Oncpnoy :cucnuoni x i:iun (c
cui, npnoy (o miciox : nnx :ipco nc :cpcr:ncu). ipco
(o nocanouou oncpn cac : npi:unmc Bcpc:ouciuoro, na ua:i,
ncac ccpc( ony:iuouannx y uaa:o:i Capopi. A:c c :ipco (o
(cuunx oncpnaci44o, a auou nx, (c :ra(ano y:nuaniu, cni
uauiu, a:ccnccpiu, npn4cnnx (o Bcpc:ouciuoro a icopi po
cinciuo y:nun XVIII c. Bonn i npnucpaui namy yuary.
Ccpc( nnx :ipco (o uncaun coqona : y:nuou pi:
nnx ui(onx auopiu {divcrsc cclchri auIori) u capi ica uuua
y 176 poui
1)
. Tanui u uin uncaui y:o nocau:cno a:ccn
ccpo upan4ccuo Typui {Franccsco Turchi), a :a noui(o:cnnu
P. Voo:cpa, anui (o :iuopnciuo uncaun oncpn Bcpc:ouciuoro
y:n cuopcni paan Typui {FraIcllo Turchi) 4n nc (nunnn
:ir? Ccpc( unuonauuiu u oox oncpax yu cniuau na npi:unmc
Hiuo:ino, a:c y uncaui, npo uuy nncau Voo:cp, Bin4cnuo Hiuo
:ino, a u uuua Iap:o Hiuo:ino.
3ucpnio yuary auou na :ipco (o uncaun ra:ynnicuciuoro
coqona u Ha:cpo y 176S poui
2)
. Ccpc( y4acnnuiu cncua
u:u Anuio:o Ho:i(cn, Iaapina a upan4ccua Iapic:i, uy
:cnnc Vi:iuo, npo:uannn ocuouciun {dcIIo il VoskoviIa),
uy:cnnc Ionaniu44i {Compagnucci), X.X. {u po:i Aaycio).
Iacpa uy:cnnc Vi:iuo yu napncpo Bcpc:ouciuoro u oncpi
Vanqpc(ini Ccipai(a uni:nana na cucni opanicnayciuoro c
apy u 176u poui i npauuuau i:u cci pouiu y Poci
8)
. Iaapina
Iapic:i o(na : nana:anounimnx i uo(no4ac cuan(a:inoui(o
nx cniua4ou cuoro 4acy, auou npauuua:a u Poci, (o oro u
1)
Sartor/ C. I L/|rett/... 1. I. I. J2. 71I.
2)
Sartor/ C. I L/|rett/... 1. I. I. J2. 71.
8)
Hpo uooo ne:/u nncae: `Mqsn:un cn/ean, a:e :epes ne, o npn cn/e/ q uooo
qe +ae sanpnnn pon, e/u /:ome ene, u/ cn/eae` (c. 02).
154
i`u qaync u uni Vnc:nuc4ua, : uun Bcpc:ouciunn, c:
ncpc4no, yu :n:iuo :nanonn. Hcui(oo, uoro npnxouano :a
:icpan X.X. A(uc uncaua u Ha:cpo y 176S poui ui(yua:acu
uuc ni( nar:u(o, a ou:nuo, i ucpiunnuuo caoro Ia:ynni,
a cac u on 4ac : nn (o Ia:i unxau . Bopnunciunn.
Tpcc :ipco, mo npnucpac (o ccc yuary, uc :ipco
176u p. (o coqona Vnc:nuc4ua y ucncuianciuoy capi
Can Bcnc(co
1)
. B po:i coqona upan4ccuo Hanci, on
cann uono:nop, mo y 1766 poui na oy u uapnaua:i u
iuopno nocaunu oncpy Hounnya i(ona {(nu. unmc). Hiuauo
auou, mo xpono:ori4nnn pu( ui(onx na ucn 4ac uncau c
oqona, no4nnau4n : 1766 pouy, aunn. 1766 pi:ni a
Bcpc:ouciunn u iuopno {:ipco nc :cpcr:ocu), 176S Ia
:ynni u Ha:cpo, 176u Vnc:nuc4cu y Bcncui.
Ccpc( :ipco : uaa:ory Capopi c (ua :ipco (o oncp
naci44o, nocau:cnnx y 1771 poui u Haui a Bo:oni. 1771 piu
yu unpima:inn y uop4oy uni Bcpc:ouciuoro, a(uc y pauni
uin opnau :uannu aua(ciua Bo:onciuo qi:aponi. Hcpmc
:ipco (o nocanouun coqona y capounnnoy yniucpcn
cciuoy icc4uy Haui. Hauo(no nouny inqopauiu npo
nioro u oy ocu:i, uu no(ano y uaa:o:i Capopi.
DEVOFOOXTE. Dramma pcr musica da rapprcscnIarsi ncl TcaIro Omodco
nclla rcgia ciIIa di Pavia pcr il carnovalc dcl`anno 1771. DcdicaIo agl`illusIrissimi
signori colonnclli cd olliciali dci rcgioccsarci ]...| rcggimcnIi di aIIualc guarnigionc
in dcIIa ciIIa.
Pavia, Ciuscppc Bolzani. Pag. {12), 6, {1).
Dcdica di Filippi CorIi imprcsaro.
Sccnc di Amhroggio Sanquirico.
Pcrsonaggi . Cassiano Vorini, Icnorc di Bologna {DcmoloonIc), CrisIoloro Ar
naholdi di Como, dcIIo il Comaschino {TimanIc), Lorcnzo PiaIIi di Vilano {Chc
rinIo), FcliciIa Suardi di Torino {Dircca), Varia AnIonia BruncIIi di Xapoli
{Crcusa), Paola Borclli di Torino {VaIusio).
Vusica di divcrsi auIori.
Balli di Casparo CaIIanco
2)
.
Y Haui u ro:ounin po:i uncynau Iacciano Vopini, cnop :
Bo:oni {!), a po:i Tiana unuonyuau Xpicoqop Apanao:i(i
(i Ioo, (opc ui(onn u icopi pocinciuo y:nun uu Ioa4ino.
1)
Sartor/ C. I L/|rett/... 1. I. I. J2. 71.
2)
(ne.: Sartor/ C. I L/|rett/... 1. I. I. J2. No 7I. /penno sepe:oc n/:onn e
o0u/ /:/one/ Ina:/i (I \gc).
155
Hauinciua uncaua ui(y:aci ni( 4ac uapnaua:y 1771 pouy
ou:nuo, uc y:o y ci4ni:uoy.
aa o:onciuo uncaun oncpnnaci44o ui(oa S uuinu.
Eu:acn na :uannu aua(ciua Bo:onciuo qi:aponi Bcpc:ouciunn
pnau 1 paunu, a (:u oro, mo can aua(ciuo, pca y:o
:apcuocn(yuan ccc uono:nopo, uunn uo:o(ic pi:nnn uan
pan. Toy unr:u(ac ui:uo :ori4nn, mo uu uncaua y:a nin
ncpc(cu:acnauinnou npc:cnauicu oncpn npccn(cna na :uannu
aua(ciua. Ho(aco o:onciuc :ipco oncpnnaci44o : uaa:ory
Capopi.
IL DEVOFOOXTE. Dramma pcr musica da rapprcscnIarsi ncl TcaIro Forma
gliari la primavcra dcll`anno 1771. DcdicaIo al ]...| card. AnIonio Colonna Bra
ncilorIi, lcgaIo a laIcrc.
Bologna, sIampcria dcl Sassi. Pag. 71.
Dcdica dcgli AssociaIi, Bologna S. IV. 1771.
AIIori. AnIonio Pulini {DcmoloonIc), CcrIrudc AllcgrcIIi, dcIIa Falchini {Dir
cca), VarghcriIa CihcIIi {Crcusa), Ciuscppc Compagnucci, virI. di camcra di S.
A. S. clcIIoralc di Bavicra {TimanIc), Domcnico Bcdini {ChcrinIo), ProIIo Car
manini {VaIusio), Xiccola Callarcllo {AdrasIo).
Vusica di varj c cclchri auIori.
VcsIiario di PicIro AnIonio Biagi hologncsc.
Balli di Innoccnzo Camhucci c di Vinccnzo Vonari. AVOB VIXCE VACIA.
Sccnc di Franccsco Orlandi hologncsc, Accad. ClcmcnIino.
Ingcncrc. PcIronio Xanni hologncsc
1)
.
Icna i:imoci unuonauuiu a inmnx :u(cn, npn4cnnx (o
nocanouun coqona u Bo:oni, nc :ycpi4a:ncu panimc y
uop4in iorpaqi uono:nopa ao noro oo4cnni. A:c c n unnu
un. Hanpnu:a(, uy:cnnc Ionaniu44i on cann auop,
1)
(ne.: Sartor/ C. I L/|rett/... 1. I. I. J2. 710. /penno sepe:oc e :onnpooa
/:/onenaa Ina:/i.
(EMO0OHT. (pa+a s +qsnnou npe0cnae:eua q neanp/ 0op+a:op/ uaeecu/ I77I
ponq. Hpnce:qcnoc ...] nap0nua:oe/] 4unou/o Eo:ouua Lpau:/qopn/, nancono+q
:eanq.
Lo:ouo, 0pqnapu Cacc/. 7I cnop.
Hpnce:quno cn/eaenopn, Lo:ouo 8.I\ I77I.
4nnopn: 4unou/o Hq:/u/ ((e+oqoun), Iepnpq0a 4::epenn/, nposeaua 0a:o:/u/
((/pe): Mapapnna (/enn/ (Epeqsa): (qsenne Eo+nauou::/, e/pnqos] 0eopq
H. u(cuoee:o+ouocn/) enpauunna Laeap/i (T/+aun): (o+eu/no Le0/u/ (ep/uno):
Hponno Eap+au/u/ (Manqs/o): H/nno:a Eaqape::o (40pacno).
Mqsnna p/suna na e/0o+na aenop/e.
Eocnu+n Hocnpo 4unou/o Lo0/, o:ou.
La:enn Iuuoneuo Ia+q::/ / P/u:euo Mouap/: noaauu nepe+aac :an:qucneo.
(enopa/i 0pau:ecno Op:au0/, o:ou, ana0e+/na E:e+eun/uo.
Iueuep: Henpou/o Hauu/, o:oueo.
156
mo y cncuau:i coqona Ia:ynni y 176S poui unuonyuau
po:i Hcpino, a u Bo:oni uin npc(cau:uu Tiana. pyrnn
npncnnn i (nuoununnn unnuou ocniuo Bc(ini, uunn un
uonyuau po:i Hcpino. uin yu 4:cno ic cao cu:acnauin
no uoici, uua npncuo:a :uannu aua(ciua Bcpc:ouciuoy a
Vnc:nuc4uy
1)
.
Houi ui(ooci npo oncpy coqon ncpcuonyui nac y
ncoxi(noci no(a:imnx r:nounx i ncyncpc(ucnnx nomyuiu
icnnn.

P.Ce+euoe
MAKCHM LEPE3OBCLKHH
HITEPATVPHHH TA ICTOPHHHHH: TPH MImH
3 ycix npo:c, mo nou`u:ani : Bcpc:ouciun, ayi, nan
ro:ounimou c npo:ca nor:u(y na Bcpc:ouciuoro noro cy4acnnuiu
a nacynnnx rcncpauin.
Hnannu cocycicu nc :nmc icopn4no pcucnui uop4oci
uono:nopa na uma: :pa:uouo icopi Bcxoucnciuo pcucnui,
mo nanncau Ianc Iannpix Errcpcx, ao nm:ocu npo
moci ca:c, a cac Bcxoucnouy nocai a (opoou, a (cmo
:innc icopn4nc cnpnnnuu, a y i nocai, i (opoou ui(
ucpo uuiui (o oro, mo cycuo :inuuancu :a:cuno ui(
oro 4n oro nor:u(y. Hancuno, ro:ouno cnpn4nnucicu (o uioro
cany pau ncpmo(ucpc:. An xo4 uu :apa(nn uioy, cnpoyno
1)
Hponono: ensa+euq, 0e np/sene Le0/u/ cnoino nepe0ocnauu/+ q nepm/ no:ou/
cnuoop/eensa+euanop/e, 0nenco q nu. : Puapeea M. Eo+nosnnop M.C. Lepesoecnn.
I :. +/ 1 na c., ao e nu. : anuu M. Pocnpemeune ns +epneua ,, Cop.
co:. e 0eenn no+aa. T. 0. M., I07. C. 22.
151
:ponn ana:i: canx nor:u(iu na Bcpc:ouciuoro, :auo(u4n x y
mnpmnn icopn4nnn uoncuc.
Ho4nio poxn :(a:cuy. Y capo(aunin Ipcui na cuianuy
cuponcnciuo unui:i:aui po:pi:nu:ncu (ua po(n c:ouccnoci ic
opiu a noc:iu. Hpc(c ncpmo c, mo ca:ocu, cco qaun,
(pyro unnc:n, iqn. Bc: qauiu nca icopi, a:c caiciniui
qaun uc icopiu, uopa nopcyc ncunoro nor:u(y na nnx,
ouinun a :ya4cnnu, incpnpcaui, na:ara: icopn4no uon
ucnui. Oou, i qaun, i uonucnui c oou`u:uoui cu:a(nnun ic
opi, a:c qaun c 4nnnnu ca:nn, a uonucnui :innnn.
Viq nc :aumc c ncnpau(nua unra(ua {uuou, (o pc4i, yuac
n icopiu). numo n(cicu npo pca:ini no(i, iq pa(mc c:i(
nopiunuuan : icopn4nou uonucnuicu, mo po:noui(acicu a
cnpnnacicu ncupnn4no, mo n c::accpcuno uipui. Tauou
cnpauunu icopn4na uonucnuiu oou`u:uouo icni (cmo ui( qan
a:i, a:c ycni caunncu (o cuox unra(ou upnn4no. Ouc,
iqo:ori unca4ac i u icopi. Ta nc :nmc a. ro:ouni nonuu
a opa:n, mo nnn noc:yrouyuicu :u(n, nc c qaun, a unuopn
qana:i, iqo:ori4ni :a cuocu cyu. Hc :na4ni, mo iq npo
Bcpc:ouciuoro ao npo y(iuoro 4n y(imo nc c oou`u:uouou
ncnpau(ou, uin ouc n ac yn npau(nun, npnnanni 4acuouo.
Hcpcropau4n ucc nanncanc npo Bcpc:ouciuoro no(nyco pn
ro:ouni iqn a uonucnui. Hcpmnn iq unpo:cno, c:ncpc4no,
uccpc(nni Hccpyp:iuo npn(uopno ucpuouno uanc:i, a auou,
ayi, ncunou ipou ucpuounoy:n4nnn (iu4an. 3ra(ano
Bo:xouiinoua, Boponnuoua, Acuo4cnciuoro, cc(cua a n au (o
A:cucccua. Hc iq npo a:anounoro poann4noro {cac au!)
unaua, cnouncnoro pc:irinnoro cny:ia:y n (yxounoci, mo uin
x ncpc(ac y cuox (yxounnx uopax, uo(no4ac :ainuu4n capnn
napccnnn cn:i na nounn cnqoni4nnn.
Bn ni((acicu ucn iq upnnui a (cuuoy cnpocyuannu?
Bc:ncpc4no, au. Hacancpc(, nc au4n auorpaqiu Bcpc:ouciuo
ro, a 4acoryco n cy4acnnx noy cnncuiu, ouna pan ni(
cyniu apnyuiu xo4a ycix uopiu Bcpc:ouciuoro, mo n po
nicu :apa:, npnnanni 4acuouo, (o pc4i, na uc pca :ua
uan uu na nopa:iny icopn4ny n cuco:ori4ny upnnuy. Tpoxn
cyniunou, xo4a n ou:nuou, c n poann4na nocai Bcpc:ou
ciuoro. Hanuinnimn :(acicu nouinyuannu nouoro cn:u ucpuou
no y:nun, mo noro :acnyuannu nou`u:ycicu : Bcpc:ouciun,
158
xo4a n y ouna ui(nann (cuuy ncui(noui(nici (o qauiu. ro
:ouni o uopn Bcpc:ouciuoro, na ui(iny ui( Bopnunciuoro,
Bc(c:u 4n nauii Capi, uauuyuao unuonyuan y :un4annoy
ucpuounoy xopi, a oy qaun4no y:nuy Bcpc:ouciuoro y:o
4yn u ucpuui :apa:, uu i panimc, upu(nro(n.
pyrnn iq nocau ncui(oo : uuoro (ucpc:a, npoc (icau
na(:un4anno ucupauc xy(ounc ui:cnnu y nouici Hccopa Iyuo:i
nnua Vaucn Co:onoun4 Bcpc:ouciunn, nncanin pocinciuou o
uou : uc:nun yupanciun un:nuo a un(pyuouanin monancn
mc (ua pa:n :a unu nncicnnnua, uncpmc 1S44 pouy.
Hccop Iyuo:innu unnmou, uu yuauacicu, i: :auapnaciuo
yupanciuoro m:uxcnoro po(y. Horo aiuo, Bacn:i, :(oyumn
ocuiy u 3axi(nin Cuponi, npnxau (o Hccpypra, (c cau npo
qccopo yniucpcncy, a ui(au (o Hiunna, (c yu ncpmn (n
pcuopo c:aucnoro Hiunnciuoro :iucu, (c noro cnn Hccop
nau4aucu pa:o : Vnxan:o nnouciunIoro:c.
Ho(a:ima uop4a iorpaqiu Iyuo:innua {oco:nuo noro y
:n4ni :u`u:un) nopcyc c:coponnioro unu4cnnu, ocui:iun (cxo
: noro cy4acnnuiu cnpoircu :ponn : nioro ony(a:o u pocinciuin
:icpaypi, uuc, xo4a n nparny:n, nc or:n :ponn : Ioro:u.
Iyuo:innuoua nouici npo Bcpc:ouciuoro cno:y4ac yupanciuy
a nccpyp:iuy ancpy Ioro:u, (o(au4n :opaucnnu ia:inciuoro
unu. A:c Iyuo:innu, na ui(iny ui( Ioro:u, ncui pca:ic
n4noro nanpuuy, :nmc no(cuo:n ncpcxo(ni uin ui( uo:opnnnx
cucn (o cnqoni4no iqo:ori. A ui, iq npo Bcpc:ouciuoro
nomacn:o cuopnn cac Iyuo:innuoui!
Hcn iq nc ac ani4oriciniun cni:inoro : noncpc(ni. Bc
pc:ouciunn y nc npncuu4yc cuin 4ac o:nua a pc:irinnoy
naxncnnu 4n xopoun npoa ucpuounoy:n4nnx uopiu npo
ocanni n nc :ra(ycicu. Hpoc ni(upcc:cno yupanciuc noxo(ucn
nu Bcpc:ouciuoro, nauiona:inc cnpuyuannu noro uop4oci {cui
ciuo!), no(ano uiuaui po:(yn npo nauiona:inc nari::u :ara:inoro
y:n4noro (cpcua, (c nopu( : ia:inciuou ri:uou ac yn n
pyciua na:ara: Iyuo:innu, npnnanni y uin nouici, nc
(yuc po:pi:nuc Yupany a Vocuoumnny, nnmy4n ro:ouno cac
npo yupanuiu.
Iyuo:innu unra(yc 4n ncpcua:yc? rinocn4ny icopiu
cuopcnnu oncpn coqon ni( 4ac ui:ny pocinciuoro q:oy
(o Ia:i, (c oqiucpan y:n Vaucnoui pan. Bin :opauyc
159
poann4ni noxo(cniun uono:nopa a noro m:u u Ia:i.
Houcpncnnu (o Hccpypra a oucui::u no(ano 4cpc: nino
u:acnopy4ni :ncn Bcpc:ouciuoro :a uop(on. Hpn4nnou oucui::u
c :pa(a Hoiouina a ni(cynnici rcncpa:uanc:icnccpa i
nc:(apn Capi, uunn nocac u yuui oucui:inoro uc:n4c:nn
4opnn uoo.
Oou, Iyuo:innuiu Bcpc:ouciunn c nnounn uono:nop uin
uu XVIII copi44u moci noiu Vnc:nuc4uo, Vouapo {noro
npnuc:un, :a Iyuo:innuo) a Ioqanoun uanc:iancpo
Ipanc:cpo. Bin i y:nuy nnmc {:a Iyuo:innuo) nnouy (:u
oro 4acy. Ha uioy :i uon:cuc nauiona:ino cnmouapoci
{pocinciuo 4n yupanciuo?) a nparncnnu (o nauiona:inoro cn:u
:(auicu i:imc pncan caoro Iyuo:innua a noro cy4acnnuiu,
niu Bcpc:ouciuoro.
nu a4no, (pyrnn iq arao u 4oy cyncpc4ni ncpmoy.
numo nocaunn x nopy4, o unnnunyi cyncpc4noci, mo :arpo
uyuanyi po:mayuan uu (opoou, au i cay ocoy Bcpc
:ouciuoro.
Hi:icnoci opa:y Bcpc:ouciuoro n :au(u4yco pcioy iqy
cnc:in, qauo:ori4no cyxin inqopaui Hc:ina, uunn mc :a
unu uono:nopa po:nouiu y unnuui, un(pyuouanin u Pn:i ni
cuiuou ouou : po:paxynuo na :auop(on, npo Bcpc:ouciuoro
uu npo y:nuana nouoro (:u Poci nny, mo cnpoircu noc(nan
y cuon ocoi ucpuounnn a oncpounn cniu uu unuonaucui a
ro:ouni cy4acni uanpn n cn:i uu uono:nop. Hpo4naumn
Hc:ina, nc anco uuc uo(noro cyniuy ani u 4oy.
Hamou cou nc c :`ucyuannu oro, uopnn iq ac pauiu,
a uopnn ni. Hc nounnni :ponn :nmc qauo:ori4ni (oc:i(
ucnnu. A:c ouna poxn (onoorn uioy, :auo(u4n Bcpc:ouci
uoro (o mnpmoro uoncucy. Pi4 y i, mo y:nua a y:n4na
uy:iypa c ncunou cnccou : araiox cu:a(nnuiu. O(nauounn
ca no coi cu:a(nnu y pi:nnx cnccax ouc an ui(innnn
ccnc a :na4cnnu. Bcpc:ouciunn (o uioro cnoccpcucnnu c 4n nc
nanupamnn npnu:a( u icopi y:nun.
B 3axi(nin Cuponi uono:nopn mc :a (on Pcnccancy nc
pcnm:n ui( cyo qynuuiona:inoro noyyuannu y:nun (o auo
nonoro, ui( auopcua anoninoro (o in(nui(ya:inoro, i:imc oro
uonn nparny:n (o in(nui(ya:i:aui cuoro cn:u a qopn uo
no:nui. Y XVIII copi44i npoqccinna y:nua po:ra:yuyua:acu na
160
pn cqcpn. capa:iny, uacpny a ucpuouny, a:c ro:ounou :
nnx y:a ncpma. Hauii uono:nopn4cnui ycn:n o(cpni:yuan
ucpuouny y:nuy, uu:u4au4n (o nc o(cpnimi cy4acni inonaui,
uanpn, cn:i.
Ha cpcni cxi(nocuponcnciuoy cnyauiu :ouci inma. Io
no:nopn cu:a(aui uopn cyo qynuuiona:inoro npn:na4cnnu
xo4a uc y:n nauii oncpn a cnqoni. Auopcuo mc
naniuanoninc, a u ucpuounin cqcpi n anoninc. Bi:ima 4acnna
ucpuouno a uacpno y:nun na:cuni (o ycno npoqccinno
pa(nui.
Ha uioy :i caa nocai Bcpc:ouciuoro c pcuo:uuinnou.
Bin (incno ncpmnn uono:nop in(nui(ya:inoro cn:u a in(nui
(ya:ino (o:i, xan, ayi, 4acuouo noro aun :pon:n Hc:in
a oi ounou:a(ui, mo y:n :aounnuan a cucnan uu Hc
:ina, au i Bcpc:ouciuoro. Tparc(iu Bcpc:ouciuoro no:ura:a u
oy, mo y:n4nc (ouui::u nc ui(noui(a:o opanin nn 4n (:u
nioro po:i. Hu ncui(noui(nici, ayi, i cnpn4nnn:acu (o :arnc:i
Bcpc:ouciuoro ouc, nc :nmc oconco, a n uop4o? a
ncuno pcauui, mo no:na4n:acu na uop4oci Bopnunciuoro, uunn
:axo(nucu pcqopyuan {raponi:yuan) c:yuounn ucpuounnn pc
ncpyap. Hacynnnuo i(c Bcpc:ouciuoro cau, ayi, I:inua
:a niucopi44u, a n:ana cuopnn uonccpuaopi cy(n:ocu
cnpau(nncu i:im, niu :a co pouiu.
Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn ac :nmnncu u icopi uu ncpmnn na
namoy uy:iypnoy cpcni uono:nop in(nui(ya:innn uo
pcui c: or:u(y na ou:nui anyni ncpnnci a pcuo:uui
y cocounnx (o nioro qauax 4n iqax.

161
P. Eqsnn
VKPAHA HK mEHOMEH IEOIEHETHHHHX 3OH
TA IEOIEHETHHHHX BV3HIB
Icnin Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro (ac npnui( :a4cnnn o(ny :
uiuaunx npo:c, mo ouc can oupcn nanpuuo (oc:i(ucn
nu, uunn o`c(nac nayuouuiu :ouci pi:nnx ra:y:cn ui( nc
cuuo:nauuiu, icopnuiurcnca:oriu (o npc(caunnuiu o4nnx nayu.
Tana napo(ucnnu rcniu xun:uc nc o(nc nouo:innu u4cnnx,
oco:nuo icopnuiurcnca:oriu, uui nc npoco onncyui uo:ina (au
nix po(iu, a ocnc:uui rcncn4nnn qon( naui {monpau(a, pa
(unciuin cncci nc nopini y:n ni i, ni inmi).
Ha cnipn4noy piuni cioro(ni narpoa(n:ocu (ocanio nc
pcuon:nuoro qaun4noro acpia:y, au mo nauii :u(n, (a:cui
ui( nayun, npnnaui na uipy i qaun uu :ara:inoun:nani
pca:i. Hanpnu:a(, y Bc:nuopnani :naui, mo i:imici un
(annx :u(cn upann noxo(ni i: Ho:an(i {c aui cancn4ni
(ani). Y upanui no(iny po:i un:naui :a Hpouanco. Y (opc
uo:uuinnin Poci yupanciunn nocnuia: cu, c: ncpci:imcnnu,
:anau :na4nc icuc. B ycuuoy pa:i c, mo cocycicu y:n4no
i 4acuouo :icpaypno cqcpn {4oro uapi i:iun T. Hcu4cnuo
a V. Ioro:i!), o y ucupauo npoccuyuicu yupanciui npio
pncn. A(uc, no4nnau4n : ncpmnx (ccun:ii no uo::`c(nanni
Yupann : Pocicu, cac nccuuo yupanciunx y:nu ca:o i
cuo (o :axi(nocuponcnciuoro nccuua.
3uy:no pauypc (o omnpiu Yupann. Cuocpi(na :oua:inopc
riona:ina (oinana npoccuycicu n y. Buc (auno na noyo
uoy piuni uunuacicu unc:iu uo:ncua a:aniu i mo(o Ho:au
mnnn, i mo(o Bcpniriumnnn, 4acuouo Inumnnn, Bcpuamnnn n
Cymnnn cpcniu yc:au:cno Icianmnnn, uui no(apyua:n
cuioui i (apyui nnni ucupaui ncncpcci4ni oconcoci. Hpnuc
no, mo o nc oou`u:uouo npc(caunnun (pcunix po(iu 4n uopinno
cnonauiona:inoci {:ra(ano uono:nopiu Cncn(iapoua, Hna
nouciuoro, Bcpncanna, ynacuciuoro, Hpouoqicua, nncicnnnuiu
Ho:oaA:cnxca, By:rauoua, Iuamucun4a a in.), :u(n pi:nnx
162
couia:innx npomapuiu i pi:nnx uop4nx opicnauin {(o uioro o
una (o(an icna araiox qi:ocoqiu, nncicnnnuiu, cniuauiu,
y:nuuipyo:iu, a:upiu, cuy:inopiu).
Hayua npo nayuy (cu:apyc. uumo nauonn4n:ocu arao qau
iu uonn nopcyui nayuouoro ocnc:cnnu {:nacnna ui:i
uici, mo ncpcpocac u uuici), a ccnc uunma nou`u:annn :
qiucauicu ui:iuicnnx napacpiu y :oua:inoy npocopi. Houini
u4cnicucpaccncn u(auicu (o cnpon noucnnn aui uunma qi
rypan pnuynnuiu 4n ncnarpa, na uui no(i:uui ucci npocip
n:ancn. Io:ounc y ucix unx copiux unuunn icuu unnpoi
nuuannu ncnoucnno ncnxocncprcnun, oo oco:nuo onuo
cycanui, mo un:nuac na qopyuannu a:anouno :u(nnn. Hu
cncpriu nc uounn ouc cnpnnancu, i noun mo nc (ouc(cno,
mo uona ac nocinnc (ucpc:o, uona ny:icyc i u 4aci, i u npo
copi. n u:acnui ncpcinnici cn:n, irpaui, :ayxannu i a
:ano(anni unyxn.
To u (o:uo:u coi :anpononyuan oupcnn nanpuou (oc:i
(ucni, a cac, eoeuennnq {na:ua poo4a). Vou:nuo, uc (a:cuo
nc nayuounn cpin, a:c uin (ac :ory rouopnn npo cyi uunm
:c:i Ico namoro upau.
Cioro(ni, :(acicu, ouna c: ocpaxy nporo:ocnn : nayuo
uo pnynn auy :un4ny (:u nociu qpa:y. 3c:u nama nc
uo:cuuiu cpunx incpa:iu, a nea. Bona icnyc :a nc :arnc
nnn noun mo (:u nac :auonan i, xo4cicu uipnn, (ac npo
cuox :apo:yi:nx (icn, uui arao pouiu naara:ncu ncpcupon
na cuin :a(, nacn:yu4n npnpo(y, pynnyu4n (ouui::u. Hac yuc
nc (nuyc, mo u4cnnn :aqiucouani oupci :onnay, (c nixo nc
xo4c unn ni :uip, ni nax, ni :u(nna. Taui :onnay 4oyci
nan4acimc unu4auicu ncnxo:oran, cucpaccncan, rco:oran.
A:c ui(oi n :onn :aro(ano cn:n pcupcauinni, :anoui(ni,
nponn:ani cui:nn npocnun, uui :aro(ano (iui na ncnxiuy
:u(nnn, :(opou`u u:ara:i. To 4oy u nc ouyi yn n aui
:onn, (c cyuynnici uci:uunx un(iu cncprcnun cnpnuc uop4n
npoucca :u(nnn? icpaypa no:nmn:a arao cui(4cni un(annx
ancpiu npo i icuu, (c nanupamc npauuua:oci. I oco:nuy
po:i y ui(uc(cno cpcna, (c napo(nuci ncui. To u (o:uo:u
:anpononyuan mc o(nn poo4nn cpin eoeuenn:u/ eqs:n,
oo oupci (i:unun {xyopn, cc:a, ica), (c, uu ni(ucp(uyui
pca:ini qaun, napo(n:ncu rpona :u(cn ncncpcci4noro a:any
163
a po:younx nocnuin {uncoua mi:inici a:aniu mo(o :ara:i
noro nacc:cnnu). Icorpaqi4na :oua:i:auiu aunx icucuoccn (o:
uo:uc i:im (ca:ino {i npncuin:nuo) un:na4nn cyuynnici pi:nnx
qauopiu, uui, au n ounn, cniunpauuui : rcorcncn4nnn
cn:an y uopcnni a:any, uuo, rcnca:ori4ni :ini, piucni
ocuin n (yxounoro unu oupcc:cno rpoa(n, npouccn irpauin
4n oci(:oci, nauunici icopn4nnx na`uou a nauiona:innx (y
xounnx pc:iuuin omo. Tcopcn4no ou:nuo nporno:yuan auy
cnyauiu, uo:n uci ui qauopn {: n:ucoun na4a:o) noc(na
uicu pa:o... mo o y(c?
Taun eoeuenn:un+ eqs:o+ uuauau cc:o Ipuaucui na
Hpn:y44nni {(o pc4i, unu4cnnu icopi uioro cc:a aiuiumnnn
Pcuyuiunx i namouxny:o na (yuy npo rcorcncnuy). Hiu
unnpoincnnu npnnau y na XIX no4aou XX co:iu.
Ta napo(nucu Vnuo:a I::i4 Copoucnuo icopnu, :icpaop,
npoqccop Vocuouciuoro yniucpcncy, (oc:i(nnu uop4oci
T. I. Hcu4cnua a B. Hcucnipa. 3ui(n po(o yc:au:cni pan
Pcuyuiui npo a cuuo cuioua rop(ici Yupann, ui(o
nn u4cnnnio:or npo Hcpcn(ciunn {(uoupi(nnn pa Pc
uyuiunx no acpnnciuin :ini), :ui(n u o(no:iou . Pcuyui
uoro Irop Ciuopciunn :nacnnnn auiauoncpyuop, uopcui
rc:iuoncpiu {monpau(a, :anncannn uin no Incuy, xo4 ca(na Ci
uopciunx y:a no cyci(cuy : Pcuyuiunn u Ipuauui, uu no cy
ci(cuy y:n i x unuciui uuapnpn na yu`uniuui).
Hpnucpac yuary mc o(nn eoeuenn:un eqso: no
npciunn, 4acoui unipn uuoro :irauicu : Ipuauciun. XIX
co:iu no:na4n:ocu a napo(ucnnu un(anoro nncicnnnua
B. Iopo:cnua, uono:nopiu R. 3apcciuoro, y4nu u. ic
a, a rcnia:inoro B. uomnnciuoro. Ho4aou XX co:iu :na
cnyui nocai u4cnorouoncpyuopa uoci4nnx pauc C. Iopo
:ioua a un(anoro nianica C. Pixcpa i o i:iun nani:im
uaroi oconcoci. Ha:uy mc o(nn eoeuenn:un eqso: I:y
xiuciunn, uunn oco:nuo unnpoinuuau a:ann y XVIII na
no4auy XX c. I:yxiu (au cuiy rcnia:innx y:nu (on u:acn
un:y V. Bcpc:ouciuoro a . Bopnunciuoro, uui ncpmnn o
pna:n (nn:on Bo:onciuo qi:aponinno aua(ci {pa:o :
B. Vouapo). Ha:uco auou icopnua a cyapnca V. Xa
ncnua. Oco:nuo pucnn yu I:yxiu na a:upciui a:ann u
XIX c. :ra(ano V. Vypamua, I. Hapya, I. onuina,
A. occnua, B. Poanouciuoro i npnnari(no un(anoro icopnua
164
nccuu u. Epnca, uono:nopa R. Hanopina, acpoqi:nua
I. Hn:ouciuoro, apncun A. Porouucuo. o pc4i, :ayuauy, mo
rco:ori4ni (oc:i(ucnnu I:yxiuciuoro cpcny :acui(4yui oco:nuy
cpyuypy :cyu cuoni4nnx n:n {npoc upamc : un :ucp
nynci (o cncuia:iciurcoqi:nuiu).
Haro:omyu, mo u nc ui(au, nacui:iun ensua:a:ouou c c
opiu rcorcncnun : qcnocnan rcorcncn4nnx :on a uy::iu,
a:c ncpcuonana, mo uona cycua y unu4cnni :ara:inocu:a(o
uoro uunma cyapnoro (yxounoro rcnouo(y Yupann, (c nounnni
upaxouyuanci i rcnca:ori4ni po(ouo(n, i piucni ocuin u pcrioni,
i nnn couia:inoro yu, i arao inmnx cycunx cu:a(ounx.
Cyno y(c, uumo ucci naqoc ox c:iu :po:yiui uu cuoc
pi(nnn unuu nauiona:napion:y, i ucc y. A(uc npo:ca
(ocni acmana n r:noua, i : nacuouy nc unu4nn. Bona
nopcyc oco:nuoro qi:ocoqciuoro ocnc:cnnu {:po:yi:o, nc :
no:nuin apucn:y:cnini:y) i uoop(nnaui :ycn:i y4cnnx pi:nnx
nayu. A nanncpmn cano na uioy m:uxy, uu cni :(acicu,
ac yn cuopcnnu cuocpi(no ann Yupann, uua uncuin:a
o:auy rcorcncn4nnx uy::iu, uopi (a(yi na opncn rcorcnc
n4nnx :on i:im mnpounx cpcniu {a (ani :au:acn u uo
n`ucp). Hc (yuc uiuaua n :axon:uu4a npauu. nua u (yxouna
ao {cnpoyco uunn ncpa(nuinnnn cpin) +ena0qaoeua Yu
pana nocanc :a n i uu uona cniuna(c :i :un4nnn rcorpaqi
4nnn napacpan upau?

165
3MICT
H. Iepacn+oeaHepcn0cona. Hcpc(oua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
P. 3aina. Baiuiumnna Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro
ico I:yxiu y XVIII co:ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
P. Lc:amoe. Icianciua co:nuu I:yxiu uy:iypnnn
ucnp Yupann XVIII c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
P. Tep:eonn. Bi:i n:un u uncnncy
Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
. Eopu/. Tuop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro u uoncuci
yupanciuo y:n4no uy:iypn XVIII c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
T. Iqcap:qn. Hocai Vaucna Bcpc:ouciuoro u uoncuci
uy:iypn apouo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8S
E. Lep0euunnoea. o nnannu npo (yxouny cnyauiu
u Poci XVIII c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
M. Pp:euno. An(pin Pa4nnciunn a Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn.
Cn:icn4ni napa:c:i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I. Mancn+oea. Xopoua uop4ici V. Bcpc:ouciuoro a napccni
uopn V. n:cuiuoro {o nnannu npo (ucpc:a uonucpnoro
cn:u V. Bcpc:ouciuoro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
I. Ia+oea. Hpo npnnunnn :axi(nocuponcnciuo no:iqoni
u xopounx uopax V. Bcpc:ouciuoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
I. Hcnoeconn. Ho:iqoni4ni npnnon u xopouin uop4oci
V.Bcpc:ouciuoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6u
. Enuoecona. Vy:n4nopnopn4ni qirypn u apiux : oncpn
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro coqon {y cui:i cuo:uui
:axi(nocuponcnciuoro oncpnoro cn:u (pyro no:ounnn XVII c.) . . . . . u1
P. Me0ee0nn. cuui acncun uanouoro cn:cyuopcnnu
u xopounx uopax V. Bcpc:ouciuoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u7
L. 0/:o. Po:unou yupanciuo incpycna:ino y:nun
u cnoxy V. Bcpc:ouciuoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1u2
H. Tenep/ua. Banuouciunn i Bopnunciunn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11u
E. a+acea. C. Bo:xouiinou uu icopnu y:n4no uy:iypn . . . . . . . 11S
P. q:o/ua. Pi(uicni qon(n HHB i. Bcpna(ciuoro
HAH Yupann uu (ucpc:o (oc:i(ucnnu uop4oci
V. Bcpc:ouciuoro a noro oo4cnnu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12u
. Ie:euno. Cnqoniu cnniopa Bcpcmio:o
{cuui npo:cn apnyui) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
. Ie:euno. coqon Bcpc:ouciuoro oncpanaci44o? . . . . . . . . 147
P. Ce+euoe. Vaucn Bcpc:ouciunn :icpaypnnn
a icopn4nnn. pn iqn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
P. Eqsnn. Yupana uu qcnocn rcorcncn4nnx :on
a rcorcncn4nnx uy::iu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
166