TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP-HCM KHOA CNG NGH VT LIU

BO CO THC TP K THUT
CC QUY TRNH SN XUT TI CNG TY C PHN NHA RNG NG

GVHD: L TNG SINH SVTH: Quang Thi Ngoc Anh Thi Th Minh Hng Nguyn nh Minh Tin Trn nh Nghi

07/2009 NHN XT CA GIO VIN: ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................

LI M U

Ngy nay,cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca Khoa Hc- K Thut, nhiu cng ngh mi, sn phm mi ra i, nhm p ng nhu cu cuc sng ngy cng c nng cao .Ngnh Vt Liu ni chung, v ngnh vt liu Polime Composite ni ring , c nhng bc tin mi vt bc, nhiu loi vt liu mi ra i vi nhng tnh nng u vit.Ta c th bt gp chng trong i sng hng ngy nh cp, gi xch gi da, khn tri bn, tn, tm lpv nhiu sn phm khc. Nhn thy c tm quan trng v ng dng rng ln ca Polime Composite nh trn, kt hp vi nhng kin thc hc v qu trnh thc tp ti Cng ty C Phn Nha Rng ng, nhm chng em thc hin bi bo co ny nh mt ci nhn tng qut v cc quy trnh sn xut sn phm Polime-Composite ti Cng ty Rng ng .Trong qu trnh tm hiu khng th trnh khi cc thiu st, chng em rt mong c s gp ,b sung ca thy, v cc cn b lnh o nghip v ca cng ty bi bo co ny c hon thin hn . Chng em chn thnh cm n thy v cc anh ch trong cng ty Rng ng to iu kin , gip v ch bo tn tnh chng em hon thnh tt bi bo co ny. Sau cng, chng em xin knh chc thy c trng HBK TP-HCM ni chung v thy c khoa Cng Ngh Vt Liu ni ring di do sc khe,hnh phc v gp nhiu thnh cng trong cuc sng.Knh chc qu Cng ty ngy cng pht trin,i sng cn b cng nhn vin ngy cng c nng cao gp phn xy dng t nc ngy cng phn vinh v giu mnh.

Tp HCM ,ngy 11 thng 7 nm 2009

 )Tng quan v cng ty: 1) Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin: - T u thp nin 60: c thnh lp vi tn l hng UFEOC (Lin hip cc x nghip cao su Vin ng Php). Nm 1962 i tn thnh UFIPLASTIC COMPANY. - T 1963 1975: nhp khu cc my cn, dy chuyn my trng u tin t Nht Bn v i Loan sn xut cc loi gi da PVC, PU xp, khn tri bn, mng mng PVC, vi trng PVC, PU, vi d chng thm. - Sau ngy 30/4/1975 Cty UFIPLASTIC chuyn thnh NH MY NHA RNG NG (thng 11/1977), trc thuc Cty Cng ngh phm B Cng nghip nh. - T 1985 - 1995: i tn thnh CNG TY NHA RNG NG. Lin doanh vi Cty Full-Dexterity (i Loan) chuyn sn xut gi da PU, giy dn tng, vi chng thm xut khu. - Nm 1993: Thnh lp Nh my Nha Hc Mn chuyn sn xut bao b. - Nm 1996: Thnh lp Chi nhnh cng ty ti H Ni. - Nm 1997: Thnh lp Nh my Nha Nha Trang ti TP. Nha Trang - tnh Khnh Ho. - Nm 1999: Cng ty mua li phn vn gp ca i tc i Loan ti XNLD Li Ph ng thnh lp Nh my Nha 6. - Nm 2000: thnh lp Chi nhnh Cng ty ti Ngh An. - Nm 2003: cng ty chuyn v trc thuc trc tip B Cng nghip. Cng ty nhn chng ch ISO 9001-2000. - Ngy 02/5/2005: Cng ty c c phn ho, chnh thc i vo hot ng vi tn l CNG TY C PHN NHA RNG NG. 2) a im xy dng :

S 190 ng Lc Long Qun, P.03, Qun 11, T/P H Ch Minh.

3) S t chc v b tr nhn s:

3) Cc sn phm chnh ph ca nh my : mng mng, gi da, tn vn, bao b 4) An ton lao ng -phng chy cha chy : Nh my lun quan tm n an ton lao ng v cng tc phng chy cha chy: - t ra cc ni quy nghim ngt v an ton lao ng. - Cng nhn trong nh my c trang b ng phc, qun o bo h lao ng,khu trang - Cng nhn nghim tc tun th ng trnh t v cch thc vn hnh my mc. - My mc lun c kim tra thng xuyn ,k lng trc khi vn hnh phng trnh tai nn lao ng. - Cng tc phng chy cha chy c tuyn truyn gio dc n tng cng nhn trong nh my. - Trang b y thit b ,bnh cha chy trong tng khu vc sn xut, c th kp thi x l khi gp s c. 5) * X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip : - Song song vi vic pht trin sn xut, nh my cng lun quan tm n vic bo v mi trng, nhm m bo mi trng trong lnh bng cc bin php khc nhau: * X l k thut - nng cao qun l:

- Lp t h thng thu hi v x l kh thi trong qu trnh sn xut,lc bi trong khng kh ,m bo mi trung lm vic trong lnh. - X l nc thi v tun hon bo v ngun ti nguyn nc. - Thu gom, phn loi cht thi rn ngay ti ni sn xut, quay vng ph liu tit kim chi ph nguyn liu v bo v mi trng. - S dng cc nguyn liu sch v thn thin vi mi trng m bo sn phm p ng yu cu xut khu v an ton sc khe con ngi. - Thng xuyn kim sot, o lng m bo p ng tiu chun mi trng. * Tuyn truyn gio dc nng cao thc ngi lao ng : - T chc cc kha tp hun v mi trng cho CB NV. - Ban hnh cc quy nh thc hin. - Tuyn truyn gio dc . * Cng ty nhn Giy Chng Nhn ng k t tiu chun mi trng do S Khoa Hc Cng Ngh Mi Trng TP HCM cp.

II)Cng ngh: 1) Nguyn liu: 1.1) PVC: - PVC l 1 loi nha c trng hp theo s sau: nCH2=CHCl (-CH2-CHCl-)n - Phn ng trng hp ny c th tin hnh theo cc phng php sau: + trng hp khi:to PVC dng khi (phng php ny t c s dng) + trng hp huyn ph:to ra PVC-S(Suspension) c c tnh ht du tt, trong co,gi thnh r sn xut bng phng php cn,n,c tim. + trng hp nh tng:to PVC-E(Emulsion) c cu trc ht cht,t ht du sn xut cc sn phm t hn hp PVC-DOP nh cc sn phm trng,c quay,lm h - PVC l 1 loi nha v nh hnh (c kt tinh thp),Tg ~ 800C nn nhit bnh thng PVC cng nu khng ha do.Chnh v vy ngi ta cn phn bit PVC cng v PVC mm khi ni v sn phm PVC.Sau y l cch phn bit 3 sn phm PVC: + PVC cng: hm lng cht ha do t 0-5% + PVC bn cng: hm lng cht ha do t 5-15% + PVC mm: hm lng cht ha do >15% - Nhit gia cng cu PVC t 1500C -2200C,tuy nhin PVC b phn hy nhit trn 1400C nn khi gia cng phi s dng cht n nh nhit.PVC cng d b nh sang lm lo ha,v vy trong nhiu trng hp phi s dng cht n nh quang - Mt vi tnh cht quan trng ca PVC: + bng cch thm cht ha do c th sn xut ra cc sn phm c cng thay i. + c th s dng hu ht cc phng php gia cng i vi PVC

+ PVC c nhiu tnh cht c hc tt nh bn ko t, gin t,tnh cht cch in,chu n mn cao. + c th sn xut vi cc mu sc a dng + PVC km bn i vi acid,km,cht ty ra + PVC l loi nha kh chy v trong phn t c cha Clo + gi thnh va phi. - Mt vi tiu chun cn lu i vi PVC: + gi tr K: l mt gi tr o c bng cch o nht ca dung dch PVC trong cyclohexanone, sau dng cng thc tnh ra K. Nh vy gi tr K phn nh nht ca dung dch PVC,do phn nh khi lng phn t ca PVC. Khi la chn PVC gia cng, gi tr K l tiu chun cn xt n u tin v tnh cht sm phm v gia cng ph thuc nhiu vo K,v vy cn la chn cn thn. V d: i vi sn phm thng thng nh tole, mng, ng nc dng PVC c K=65-68, i vi mng bn cng,khp ni dng PVC c K=57-62 + khi lng ring th tch (g/cm3): phn nh mc nn cht ca PVC, n quan trng khi n v nu i lng ny cng ln th nng sut my theo khi lng cng cao.Tuy nhin khng th tng i lng ny cao qu mc th s nm ngoi kh nng thit k ca my(mi my n c trc vt ch c thit k cho 1 dng nguyn liu thch hp).V d khng th dng my chy ht chy cho bt v ngc li. + hp th v tc hp th du DOP: hp th DOP l lng DOP hp th c cho 100g nha cn tc hp th DOP l lng DOP hp th c trong 1 n v thi gian. i vi nhng sn phm c hm lng DOP cao th phi chn PVC c kh nng hp th DOP tt to ra hn hp bt kh c tnh chy tt.Nu kh nng hp th DOP thp th bt sau khi trn khng c kh, thm ch DOP khng thm c vo nha, nh vy cht lng trn khng t yu cu, nng sut trn gim xung th phi ko di thi gian trn.So snh v mc hp th DOP th PVC-S tt hn PVC-E + Hm lng mt c: l nhng ht trong lm tm trong sn phm.Mt c c to ra c th l do bi ln vo,do cng thc bi trn khng hp l nn nha nng chy khng u,hoc do PVC c nhng khi lng phn t ln qu mc + Hm lng cht d bay hi:cht d bay hi,m c th gy bt cho sn phm,v vy hm lng cht d bay hi phi nh hn 0.3% - PVC ca cng ty thng c s dng dng bt,sau qua cng on n thnh dng ht d dng cho nhng my s dng PVC dng ht. 1.2) PE(polyetylen): gm 3 dng - LDPE - LLDPE - HDPE 1.2.1)LDPE:(Low Density PolyEtylen) - LDPE l loi nha c trng hp p sut cao,i t polyetylen,c t trng t 0.910-0.925 kg/cm3. - LDPE c cu to mch phn nhnh nh sau:

- Nha LDPE c phn loi ch yu l theo t trng v ch s chy (ch s MI) v khi la chon ngi ta xem xt 2 yu t ny l ch yu - LDPE l mt loi nha c tnh cht kt hp c nhiu tnh cht nh dai, bn va p,chu lnh, mm do,d gia cng,chu ha cht,t thm nc,cch in tt. LDPE chu nc tt,chu c dung dch mui, km v acid nhng b oxy ha khi gp cc cht oxy ha nh HNO3,H2SO4.Do bn cht tr nn kh kt dnh vi cc loi keo,mc in nu khng c x l b mt(bng dng din cao tn hay ozon). Di 600C PE khng tan trong tt c dung mi hu c nhng trng trong dung mi thm(benzene,toluene) v dung mi cha clo. thm hi m ca LDPE kh nh nhng khi tng t trng th thm gim xung.Kh nng chy chm. - Cc loi PE cn c phn loi theo kt tinh v s phn b khi lng phn t: + Khi gim ch s chy hay ch s MI (1 ch s c ngha hon ton tng t nh ch s K ca PVC),nha kh chy hn,kh ko mng phi n hn(l do ti sao khi sn xut mng u kh sn xut mng c dy thp) nhng b li tnh cht c l sn phm tt hn. + kt tinh ca LDPE trong khong t 30-40%.Tng d kt tinh th cng, chu ha do, chng thm kh, bn ko t,d chu nhit tng,cn v bn va p v bn x rch gim. + Khi cng M (tc cng MI), phn b M rng th nha d chy hn phn b hp.Phn b M cng nh hng n tnh cht s dng ca sn phm nhng khi thay i M (MI) th tnh cht s dng thay i nhiu hn. - Cc thng s nhit ca LDPE:Tg khong t -900C ti -250C,Tf khong t 1100C ti 1250C. - LDPE c cc thng s chnh sau: + n mng: thng c sn xut bng 2 phng php l n thi v n dung u khun ch T.Mng PE c d trong v bn c l tng i tt,mm,d dn,t gy mi v kh chu v tr ha cht,thng c dng lm mng nng nghip,bao b,mng coThng ch s MI ca PE lm mng t 1-5g/10 pht + n trang1 phn LDPE cn c dung d n trng ln giy,vi,cc loi mng nha khc.Sn phm trng thng c tnh dn nhit tt,tnh chng m v nhiu tnh cht c l c ci thin.Thng dng PE c ch s MI t 3-15g/10pht + p phun v p thi: LDPE cng c dng sn xut cc sn phm p phun nh np chai,p thi cng nh cc loi chai dng trong y t....Thng dng PE c ch s MI t 0.5-2.0g/10pht v t trng t 0.918-0.922g/cm3 + Bc dy dn in:Thng dng PE c ch s MI t 0.25-2.0g/10pht v t trng t 0.918-0.932g/cm3 1.2.2) LLDPE:(Linear Low Density PolyEtylen)

-LLDPE l nha PE c mch phn t thng,c nhnh ngn

- LLDPE v LDPE khc nhau v s lng mch nhnh v chiu di mch nhnh.LLDPE c t mch nhnh hn v mch nhnh ngn hn nhnh ca LDPE - Do LLDPE c mch nhnh ngn hn nn kt tinh ca LLDPE cao hn,do sn phm cng hn, nhit kt tinh cao hn v nhit d nng chy ca LLDPE cao hn LDPE khong 10-150C.Ngoi ra LLDPE c bn t, bn xuyn thng, gin t cao hn LDPE,mng LLDDE c hn LDPE (do kt tinh cao hn). mng ca LLDPE c th c ci thin khi pha vo lng nh LDPE - LLDPE c s phn b khi lng phn t hp hn LDPE v kt hp vi loi cu trc mch thng nn to ra nht nng chy cao hn LDPE d c cng ch s chy MI - LLDPE c cc ng dng nh LDPe khi ngi ta cn li dng cc tnh cht ca LLDPE nh bn t, bn xuyn thng, gin t cao hn LDPE 1.2.3)HDPE:(High Density PolyEtylen) -HDPE l 1 loi nha trng hp p sut thp,c t trng cao, kt tinh cao nn cng hn nha LLDPE

- HDPE vi LLDPE ch khc nhau v s lng mch nhnh, 2 loi ny mch nhnh u ngn nh nhau - tnh cht ca HDPE c s khc nhau ch yu l do: + c t trng khc nhau:y l tnh cht quyt nh cc tnh cht cu HDPE.Gia t trng v kt tinh c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau. kt tinh gim th t trng gim v ngc li.Do mun lm gim t trng ta lm gim kt tinh bng cch a vo cc comonomer nh buten,hexen.Theo t trong ngi ta phn HDPE ra lm loi c t trng cao (t 0.940-0.965g/cm3) v loi c1o t trng trung bnh MDPE (t 0.926-0.940g/cm3),Khi tng t trng th bn t v cng cao hn nhng d bn va p gim xung + c khi lng phn t khc nhau:khi gim MI (tng M) bn sn phm tng ln, dai tt hn nhng gia cng kh hn + phn b M:thay i t phn b rng dn phn b hp ty vo xc tc v cng ngh sn xut.Thng th phn b hp thch hp cho p phun,phn b t trung bnh n rng thch hp cho n

- Mt vi tnh cht ca HDPE: + Tf khong 130-1400C. + HDPE c bn ko cao nhng bn x v bn va p km hn LDPE,kh nng chm thng kh v hi nc tt hn LDPE. + HDPE bn vi ha cht hn so vi LDPE,cng rt kh kt dnh vi cc loi keo,mc in nu khng x l b mt,kh nng chy chm. -HDPE c th gia cng bng cc phng php n,p phun,p thi,n thi,c quay cho ra nhiu loi sn phn khc nhau nh cc loi chai,cn,vn nha,ng nc,x chu,cc loi mngSau y l bng chn ch s MI theo phng php gia cng ca HDPE Phng php gia cng MI(g/10 pht) p phun 1-20 p thi 0.03-0.9 n si 0.3-1.0 n thi mng 0.03-0.30 n ng 0.2-0.8 1.3) PP:(polypropylene) -PP cng l 1 loi nha thuc nhm polyplefin nh PE nhng do c cc nhm etylen dc theo mch phn t nn PP c cng cao hn cc loi PE,c nhit nng chy cao hn PE, bn ko t cao hn PE (nht l sau khi c ko dnh hng) nn thng lm cc loi dy si. -c 2 loi PP chnh: + homopolymer:trng hp ch t propylene. + comoplymer:thng thm comonomer l etylen.Khi tng hm lng etylen th kt tinh ca PP gim xung,PP cng mm v cui cng thnh cao su etylen propylene k hiu l cao su EPR. - cc tnh cht in hnh ca PP l khng ha cht tt,bn i vi acid,kim ngay c nhit cao. nhit thng n khng tan trong bt k dung mi no nhng nhit trn 800C n tan trong hydrocacbon thm,paraffin clo ha,t trng thp (0.900.901g/cm3),Tf khong 160-1700C, bn ko t cao v c gi thnh va phi.Cng nh PE,PP c b mt rt tr nn kh in sn,dn bng keo nu khng x b mt.Kh nng chy chm. - PP c th b oxy ha khi gia cng v s dng nn phi dng thm cht chng oxy ha. - PP c th gia cng bng nhiu phng php to ra cc sn phm khc nhau nh mng PP lm bao b(bao gm c loi khng nh hng v c nh hng),lm cc sn phm profile,n tm nh hnh nhit cho bao b thc phm,cc loi si dt bao v vi khng dt,cc loi chai l,v c quy,cc b phn trong t - Vic la chn PP cho tng sn phm ph thuc vo ch s chy MI,loi homopolymer hay copolymer (ch s MI i vi PP khng nhng ph thuc vo khi lng phn t M m cn ph thuc vo s phn b khi lng phn t,trong khi cc loi nha khc ch yu MI ph thuc vo M) 1.4) EVA (etylen vinyl acetat)

- nha EVA l 1 loi sn phm dng trng hp ca etylen vi Vinyl acetat,ty theo hm lng Vinyl acetic (VAC) m nha EVA c cc tnh cht khc nhau,nhng ng dng khc nhau nh: + EVA vi hm lng 1-15% VAC:sn phm c d trong sut,mm dai hn nha LDPE,thch hp cho vic sn xut cc loi bao b chu lc v chu lnh + EVA vi hm lng 15-30% VAC:sn phm c tnh mm do cao,s dng trong p phun,sn xut cc ming m,v bc cch in + EVA vi hm lng 30-40% VAC:c mm do cao,s dng tt trong cng ngh trng + EVA vi hm lng 40-50% VAC:sn phm c tnh cht ging nh cao su + EVA vi hm lng 70-95% VAC:dng sn xut cht kt dnh trong keo sn - Khi hm lng EVA tng s lm thay i mt s tnh cht cho sn phm nh:lm tng bn nhit thp, mm do, trong,t trng,kh nng dn nhit nhng lm gim tnh bn ha cht,nhit bin dng nhit,tnh ngn chn kh - Nguyn liu EVA s dng d sn xut mng c rt nhiu u im so vi sn phm mng t nha LDPE nh: + trong sut cao hn + tnh mm do v dai hn + kh nng dn nhit tt hn - Tnh cht ha hc: EVA bn vi acid, kim long, alcohol, cht bo, cht ty ra nhng khng bn vi acid m c, xeton, hydrocacbon thm.Kh nng chu ha cht ca EVA c phn km hn so vi LDPE do kt tinh thp hn v tnh cht phn cc ca EVA 1.5)PU (polyuretan) -l trong phn t c lin kt uretan -NH-CO-O- c tng hp t diisocyanat theo phn ng trng hp bc. -PU c tnh mm do,bn vi mi trng,c bit tia t ngoi v mi trng oxi ha. 1.6) UPE (Unsaturated Polyeste) l polyester khng no hay l polyester cha bo ha - l loi polymer c tng hp bng phn ng trung ngng gia polyol v poly acid,trong ni i c th trng hp v ng trng hp.Cc ni i thng mang vo t polyacid. - l loi nha nhit rn,sau khi ng rn c bn c tnh cao,khi lm vt liu composite c kh nng chu lc tt,bin dng n hi cao. - UPE chu mi trng dung mi tt,chu sng mui,tia t ngoi,chu c mi trng acid HCl 15%,HNO3 7%,km chu NaOH trn 2%. 1.7) si thy tinh -dng gia cng cho vt liu composite. -trong cng ty dng loi si thy tinh l loi cun roving lin tc. 1.8 Cc cht ph gia

1.8.1 Cht ha do: v nhit thng PVC rt cng, khi cn mm do hn ngi ta trn thm vi cht ha do,cc phn t ha do len li gia cc mch phn t PVC lm yu lin kt gia cc mch to PVC mm. C 2 loi ha do: - Cht ha do chnh: c tng hp cao vi PVC nn c th s dng mt mnh nh DOP - Cht ha do ph: thng khng s dng mt mnh c th v c tng hp thp vi PVC hay gi thnh cao. V d dng thm DOA tng kh nng chu lnh ca sn phm, dng BBP tng kh nng nha ha, ... * Yu t la chn cht ha do: - Hiu qu ha do v tng hp vi PVC: to ra mm do no cn dng lng nht nh. Nu dng t th cht ha do c hiu qu ha do mnh. - Cc tnh cht gia cng: bay hi thp, gy nh hng n thi gian nha ha, c kh nng nh hng n tnh n nh nhit ca PVC hay khng - Cc tnh cht s dng ca sn phm: chu lnh, tnh khng chy, tnh c hi, di hnh - Gi thnh: cng thp cng tt. Tuy nhin loi ha do r tin th cht lng cng thp. * Ni chung hay dng DOP lm cht ha do chnh v n c tnh nng tt gi thnh thch hp. Khi cn cc tnh nng c bit ngi ta mi trn thm ha do khc. 1.8.2 Cht n nh: l cht ngn chn s phn hy ca PVC bng phn ng ha hc, ngn chn s dnh vo b mt kim loi bng tc dng bi trn gim ma st. - C ch n nh: + Hp thu HCl pht sinh: 2HCl + 3PbO.PbSO4.H2O PbCl2 + 2PbO.PbSO4.H2O + H2O + Hp thu gc t do: R + R2Sn(RCOO)2 R R + RSn(RCOO)2. + Ngn chn s to thnh lin kt i + Chng oxy ha + Hp th tia UV (n nh nh sng) - Cc loi n nh: + Cht n nh ch: c tnh n nhit mnh, cch in tt, chu thi tit tt gi thnh va phi nhng phn tn km gy c hi...v d: tribasic ch sunphat (3PbO.PbSO4.H2O), Stearat ch ( Pb(C17H35COO)2 )... + Cht n nh x phng kim loi: tnh n nhit tt nhng yu hn ch, c tnh cht bi trn, t gy mi...v d:calcium stearat Ca(C17H35COO)2, km stearat... + Cht n nh thic: n nhit tt, to sn phm c trong cao,tan tt trong PVC nhng rt t tin, khng c tnh bi trn, mi kh chu, mt vi dng c hi. 1.8.3 Cht bi trn: bi trn l mt dng cht n nh nh ngn chn PVC khng bm dnh vo b mt kim loi(bi trn ngoi); bi trn cn lm gim ma st ni sinh ra khi gia cng, to ra nht v tnh chy thch hp cho hn hp (bi trn ni). - C ch tc dng ca cht bi trn: + Cht bi trn ngoi: c tng hp km vi PVC nn to ra mt lp mng cht bi trn gia b mt kim loi v nha. Do ngn chn PVC bm vo kim loi. + Cht bi trn ni: c tng hp tt vi PVC nn nm xen cc phn t PVC lm gim ma st gia cc phn t, gim nht PVC nng chy.

- Cc loi bi trn: + Hydro cacbon: Paraffin... + Cc x phng kim loi: Pb-St, Zn-St, ... + Acid bo: acid stesric... + Ester, alcohol... 1.8.4 Cht n: mc ch l lm gim gi thnh sn phm. - Cht n dng cho PVC: thng s dng l CaCO3. + u im dng n: tng c cho sn phm, tng tnh n nhit, tng cng, ... + Nhc im: to nht cao nn kh gia cng, gim bn c l, gim bng sn phm. + Cc yu t la chn cht n: C ht: ht cng mn th c l sn phm cng tt, nhng gi thnh cht n tng. Kh nng phn tn: cht n phi d phn tn vo PVC, nu kh phn tn th lng dng phi c gii hn. Khng c ln tp cht v gy nh hng n ngoi quang v c l sn phm. hp th du DOP cng thp cng tt - Cht n dng cho PE, PP ,EVA: m bo tng hp tt, nu khng tng hp tt rt kh phn tn v lm suy gim nhiu tnh cht c l. i khi cht n c th pha thm lng nh TiO2 tng trng ca sn phm. Cht n thng dng l CaCO3 , khi s dng c th to ra cc hiu qu khc nh: + Tng c, cng cho sn phm + Tng t trng sn phm + Gim co rt ca sn phm p phun + Gim bng ca sn phm. -cc loi cht n l * Cht mu: i vi PVC cht mu phi p ng c cc yu cu: - Khng gy bi,d cn o. - Kh nng phn tn mu tt. - Khng b di hnh. - Chu c nhit cao khi gia cng. - Chu c thi tit. - Khng c hi. Cht mu thng c 2 loi: - Pigment: l loi mu khng ha tan trong dung mi, nha m ch phn tn vo di dng cc ht mu c kch thc rt nh. - Phm mu: l loi mu ha tan trong dung mi v nha.Loi ny t s dng v thng c chu nhit km, do tnh ha tan cao nn hay xy ra hin tng di hnh mu. Tuy nhin chng c mu sc p. Trong thc t ta c th gp cc mu dng bt,mu dng ht mn hay dng bnh (phn tn sn vi nha) hoc mu dng paste (phn tn trong cht ha do). Theo bn cht ha hc c th phn loi mu thnh hai dng: - Mu v c: bn quang v bn nhit cao nhng mu sc khng p.

- Mu hu c: mu sc p nhng bn quang v bn nhit km. i vi PE,PP,EVA cht mu thng c dng di dng masterbach, ngha l mu c phn tn trc trong mt loi nha mang thch hp c cng bn cht vi nha m n cn to mu. * Cht tr gia cng: Cht tr gia cng l mt loi nha m khi thm vo hn hp PVC th: - Ci thin s nha ha, cc tnh cht c l ca hn hp c pht trin y sau khi gia cng, to ra cc sn phm c hnh dng phc tp hn. - Nng cao tnh n nh ca qu trnh sn xut, tng nng sut. - Cc s c b mt sn phm v s c do nng sut khng n nh gim i hoc khng cn xut hin. - Tng c chiu rng sn phm khi cn. - S phn b cc t bo xp ng u hn. - Kh nng chu nhit,chu thi tit, bn mu c xu hng c ci thin. * Cht to xp v xc tin to xp: Cht to xp l mt hp cht ha hc b phn hy nhit cao to ra cc sn phm kh, cc cht kh sinh ra to ra cc l xp trong sn phm. Cht to xp thng dng nht cho PVC l AZ ( Azodicarbonamid) : H2N-CO-N=N-CO-NH2 y l cht to xp dng bt c mu t cam n vng nht, nhit phn hy 205-215oC. Nhit phn hy ca AZ kh cao nn phi dng cht xc tc h thp nhit phn hy ca n. Cc hp cht xc tc c th l cc hp cht ure,amin,hp cht kim loi c bit l hp cht ca ch,cadmium,km v hn hp ca cc kim loi trn. * Cht x l: Mc ch ca cht x l l to ra mt lp b mt c cc tnh cht sau: - To ra bng,m cn thit theo yu cu. - To cm quan cho gi da nh cm gic trn tay, kh tay. - Chng try xc, chng bm bn. - Chng di hnh cht ha do khi b mt, tng c thi hn s dng cho sn phm. - Chng to khi. - Tng bn ca lp mc in v lp mc in nm ph di lp x l. Thnh phn ca cht x l ging nh mc in PVC nhng t l cc cht s dng khc. Ngoi ra phi s dng thm nhiu cc cht ph gia nh cht lm m, cht lm bng, cht to cm gic trn tayty theo tnh cht ca lp x l cn c. * Cht ng rn: S dng cht ng rn MEKP. *Cht xc tin ng rn Cng ty s dng cht xc tin l dng mui hu c ca coban nh coban napthalat 1.9. Vi H vi Dung dch h vi l dung dich PVCe c pha trn thm mt s cht ph gia khc. Vi l tp hp cc si c dt thnh tm theo cc phng php khc nhau. C hai phng php dt in hnh hin nay l phng php dt kim ( thun Cotton, thun Polyester, thun PE) v phng php dt thoi ( vi TR, Soie-x, Tm tha, Kate).

Hin nay ti Cng ty c phn nha Rng ng ang s dng: - Cc loi x: Cotton, Polyester, Polyamid - Cc loi vi: Vi thun Cotton Vi thun PE Vi thun Polyester Vi Tm tha Vi Kate 83/17 Vi Soie-x Vi Nylon Taffet Vi TR Vi c s dng cho gi da nhm mc ch lm tng cng bn c l cho sn phm lm cho sn phm c mm do cao, khng b co gin khi chu cc tc ng ca lc, tng cng bn x v bn ko cho sn phm. 1.10)Kim nh nguyn liu : Mc ch : Quy nh cc tiu chun phi kim tra ,phng php kim tra , mc chp nhn i vi cc loi nguyn liu mi ( cha tng s dng), nguyn vt liu thay th (ang s dng m thay i ngun cung cp) PVC i vi PVC-S : dng bt _Kim tra ngoi quan : xem xt bao b, k m hiu, quan st mu sc, mi, kch thc ht , mnso snh vi mu Kim tra tnh cht gia cng ca vt liu : S dng cng thc : PVC-S :100 DOP : 40 n nh: 2 Epoxy : 2 Sau khi trn hn hp theo cng thc trn, em gia cng trn my cn ti nhit 100165oC , trong 5.Cn song song vi mu c sn ca nh my. Trong sut qu trnh ,so snh kh nng nha ha, so snh b mt, tm khuyt tt, Sau khi cn, em th c tnh mu mi v mu chun :ko t, x rch Kim tra n nh nhit sau khi cn thnh mng, a vo l 180oC trong 75 Ly 5 mu mi v 5 mu chun ,thng xuyn ly ra so snh vi nhau ti cc thi im :35,45,55,65,75 i vi PVC-E : dng lng _ Kim tra ngoi quan : kim tra bao b, k m hiu, nht _Kim tra tnh cht gia cng ca vt liu : S dng cng thc : PVC-E :100 DOP : 60 n nh: 2 Th gia cng bng phng php trng (t0 t 190-195oC) Trng trc tip trn giy vn,trng song song 2 mu mi v mu chun; cch 1 ly ra 1 ln, kim tra mu sc v khuyt tt . Kim tra cht ha do (lng) : Cng kim theo cng thc PVC-S ;kim tra ngoi quan, o t trng, kh nng gia cng.

Kim tra cht n nh : Cng kim theo cng thc PVC-S ;kim tra ngoi quan, kim tra n nhit (cn lin tip 1h) so snh ti cc thi im :10,20,30,40 . Kim mu: Kim tra ngoi quan. Th bn mu c th s dng cng thc PVC-S thm 1% mu (ring mu en &tm 0.1%) hay thm 1% TiO2 =>cn ra=> so snh mu vi nhau. Th n nh nhit, kim tra bn di hnh mu, bn quang, bn nhit . Kim tra ph gia khc: S dng cng thc PVC-S nu ph gia thm vo PVC-S S dng cng thc PVC-E nu ph gia thm vo PVC-E 2)cng ngh v thit b gia cng 2.1 Cng ngh cn cht do: 2.1.1. Nguyn liu: PCV : ch yu l PCV-S, dng bt Cc cht ph gia: ha do, bi trn, n nh, n, mu, cht tr gia cng cho PVC 2.1.2 Thit b gia cng: h thng my cn l mt dy chuyn hot ng lin tc t khu chun b, cn nguyn liu n ra sn phm hon chnh. Bao gm: H thng cn nguyn liu t ng nhanh v chnh xc. My trn nguyn liu: trn t ng v trn tay My nu: kn, c th gia nhit bng du(t ng) hay hi nc, l hi H thng hai my nghin: l my cn hai trc. My c cu to bi hai trc cn t trn 4 gi c bi trn bng h thng nht tun hon. My c gia nhit bng hi nc hoc du. Vn tc quay ca hai trc khng bng nhau. my nghin 1: nghin th my nghin 2: nghin tinh My lc(my n): lc cc tp cht nng cao cht lng sn phm My cn 4 trc: cu to ch yu bng 4 trc cn xp theo kiu hnh ch L ngc, cc trc ny quay trong gi c bi trn bng mt h thng du nht tun hon. Bn trc cn c gia nhit bng du hoc hi nc. Vn tc quay ca bn trc khng ng u nhau v tng dn t trn xung di. My cn 4 trc kiu L ngc nh hnh v sau:

Trc take off (b phn ko mng ra), trc p vn cho sn phm c vn. Dn gii nhit cho sn phm s dng bng nc thng, nc lnh, nc nng, hi nc ty tng loi sn phm

Dn qun: qun sn phm thnh cun. My hp xp: gm cc b phn sau L t: - H thng ng dn du vo l t - B phn phun t ng - B phn in t t l PVC Qut nhit Cht ph gia L hp: nhit 180-2000C - Trc cng nha bng kim loi. - Hai dy sn gnCn kim - B phn kp vi v gn bin t ng - Qut ht, qut tun hon - Trc vn, trc p bng kim loi My - Ba trc lm ngui trn - Dn qun sn phm.

My nu 2.1.3 Quy trnh sn xut 0 2.1.3.1 Sn xut mng mng PVC 160 - 170 C Quy trnh My nghin th 1600C My nghin tinh

My lc

My cn 4 trc

Dn lnh

Dn qun Ph liu, bin liu

Mng mng PVC

* Gii thch quy trnh: - Nguyn liu t cn x xung my trn nh vo cnh khuy chuyn ng quay tc cao lm nguyn liu c trn u. Sau nguyn liu c a vo my nu nha ha s b cc nguyn liu c trn. - Nha c a t my nu sang my nghin th 2 trc qua h thng bng ti, di tc dng quay ngc chiu ca hai trc vi vn tc khc nhau nn nha c nha ha tip tc. Theo h thng bng ti nha chuyn sang my nghin tinh v c nha ha hon ton trc khi chuyn sang my lc. Trc my lc c li t ong lc gi tp cht,cn lng nha sch ra khi li sang my cn 4 trc qua bng ti. - Mng PVC mm c sn xut nhit 155-1900C. Mng c cn cn thit phi c cng theo hng ko.Trc ko cng(take off) c t sau my cn. - Khi to mng PVC xong c th tin hnh p vn ngay khi ra khi trc s c p bng trc vn v trc cao su. - Sau khi qua trc p vn mng mng c dn qua nhiu trc lm ngui. Mng c lm ngui ri c cun li vi tc khng i bng ma st b mt (3 trc). 2.1.3.2 Sn xut sn phm gi da a dng ha cc mt hng sn phm, to nhiu sn phm tt v cht lng, hnh thc, to vn theo yu cu khch hng ngi ta sn xut mt hng ny. C 3 loi gi da: gi da c vi, gi da khng vi, vi gi da hp xp. Gi da c vi: sn phm gm 3 lp Lp skin(lp mt): c sn xut t PVC. Cng on to lp skin ging nh to mng mng PVC

Lp foam (lp ): s dng ph phm, ph liu ti sinh. Cc ph liu c a vo my nu x l, tip n a sang my nghin nha ha hon ton v ct thnh ming nh. Sau , c a tr li my nu cng cc ph liu ri vi thu c cc my nu ri qua my nghin nha ha, qua my cn 4 trc dt mng v cun li thnh cun nh. Lp vi: nha v vi bm dnh vi nhau c chc chn cn h ln vi mt lp paste PVC. Sau sy kh vi h, ri a sang my cn 4 trc ghp vi vi lp foam. Vi gi da hp xp: ging nh sn phm gi da c vi nhng lp foam c thm cht hp xp m lp skin khng c. Sau khi ghp nha ln vi ri em i hp xp. Gi da khng vi: hn hp PVC sau khi trn xong c a vo my nu ri qua my nghin, qua my cn 4 trc to lp skin v c ghp vi lp . Vic ghp c tin hnh trc my cn.

2.1.4 Sn phm + Mng mng: PVC v PVC in hoa

- Gi da: + lm salon, yn xe

+ gi da giy th thao

+ thm nha:

+ + +gi da quai dp, sandal:

+ vi ghp nha : may o ma, ti xch

2.2 Cng ngh trng ( ct tinh) 2.2.1 Nguyn liu : S dng nguyn liu chnh l PVC-E & PU dng bt, cht ha do, cht n, cht n nh, mu v mt s ph gia khc 2.2.2 Cc quy trnh trng : a) Quy trnh trng gin tip : Nha c trng trc tip ln giy vn ,to ra sn phm gi da Gii thch quy trnh : u tin l phi trn nguyn vt liu : nguyn liu c phi trn ring ,to thnh tng m nguyn liu dng lng nht,ng trong cc x nguyn liu,khi sn xut c vn chuyn n dy chuyn sn xut . Nguyn liu c phi trn gm : _ Hn hp nguyn liu to lp skin (lp b mt) :nha v cc ph gia _ Hn hp nguyn liu to lp foam(lp xp gia) :chng l hn hp nha, cht ph gia,nhng c thm cht n xp _ Hn hp h vi (dng dn vi vo lp foam) Bt u vo sn xut:

Hnh : S quy trnh trng gin tip u dy chuyn sn xut c t cun giy vn, dng cung cp giy vn cho qu trnh sn xut Giy vn phi i qua mt h thng cc trc trc khi i vo dao1 (do trong qu trnh sn xut,giy vn ht,ta c th kp thi ni cun giy vn khc vo sn xut c lin tc) Khi n dao1, hn hp nguyn liu nha dng lng nht c cng nhn trng trc tip ln giy vn, to thnh lp nha b mt (skin) (b dy lp nha ph thuc vo khong cch gia dao v tm vi chy qua .), tip tc i vo l 1.Ti l 1,lp nha u tin s c sy kh.ra khi l 1,lp skin nm trn giy vn i qua trc gii nhit (gii nhit bng nc chy trong trc ) Tip tc n dao 2,hn hp nguyn liu nha (c cha cht n xp) c trng tip ln lp skin, to thnh lp foam. Qua l 2, lp foam c nha ha ,sn phm n xp.sau khi i qua l 2, lc ny sn phm c 2 lp: lp skin b mt ,lp foam n xp; tip tc qua trc gii nhit. K tip, khi n dao 3, h vi c trng ln mt lp foam, ng thi vi c x xung,dn vi vo lp foam, i qua l 3 =>vi dnh cht vo lp foam => sn phm c 3 lp. Sn phm ra khi l 3,c gii nhit bng trc. Sau khi qua trc gii nhit, giy vn c tch khi sn phm,qua h thng cun, c cun li ti s dng. Sn phm han chnh c qun li thnh tng cun bi h thng qun trung tm. Tip tc c a i x l cc cng on tip theo: x l bng, m; x l sinh hc, in n.. b) Quy trnh trng trc tip: Nha c trng trc tip ln vi. Di y,chng ta xt quy trnh sn xut DU3 :trng trc tip trn vi vi nguyn liu hon tan l PU,to ra sn phm DU3 (1 lp vi,3 lp nha PU). Vi Dao1 L sy 1 Dao 2

Hn hp nguyn liu PU

L sy 2

Dao3 H thng qun tip xc Gii thch quy trnh :

L sy 3

u tin, nguyn liu vi thnh phn chnh l PU, kt hp vi nhng cht ph gia cn thit ,to thnh nhng m nguyn liu. i vi cc lp khc nhau c cng thc trn nguyn liu ring . Vi c ko ra t cun, c gi vo h thng kim ,lm ko cng hai bin ca vi,h thng trc xch chuyn vi n dao 1 Khi n dao 1, hn hp nguyn liu theo dao 1 ,trng trc tip mt lp nha ln lp vi (b dy lp nha ph thuc vo khong cch gia dao 1 v tm vi chy qua .) Tip theo qua l 1,lp nha c sy trong l 1,qua h thng gii nhit. Sau tng t n dao 2,trng lp nha 2,qua l 2,gii nhit, dao 3,trng lp nha 3,qua l 3,gii nhit. Cui cng, sn phm c h thng qun trc tip ,thu hi,v chuyn sang giai on x l tip theo.

Hnh: my trng

2.2.3 Sn phm: Sn phm qua quy trnh trng gin tip bao gm : Cc loi tm gi da PVC,PU,semi-PU dng lm nguyn liu sn xut ti xch, cp, .

Hnh : tm gi da 3 lp dng lm cp, gi xch Sn phm qua quy trnh trng trc tip bao gm : vi trng chng chy ,mn so :

Hnh : tm trng vi chm chy

Hnh : mn so 2.3.Cng ngh n 2.3.1. Nguyn liu - PVC, PE (LDPE,LLDPE,HDPE), EVA dng ht. - Cht ha do, cht n nh, cht n, mu v mt s ph gia khc. 2.3.2. Thit b gia cng Mt dy chuyn my n gm c cc b phn chnh sau: - Cc my chun b nguyn liu: my trn, my sy nguyn liu. - My n (ch xt my n mt trc vt). - Cc b phn sau my n: b phn nh c, b phn lm lnh, ko, ct v qun sn phm. 2.3.2.1.My n mt trc vt Cu to ca my n mt trc vt bao gm cc b phn chnh: * Phu np liu: Phn ln phu np liu u c trang b qut ht ht nguyn liu t bn cha vo phu, qut ny hot ng theo chu k ht nguyn liu ln theo tng t mt cch t ng. Ngoi ra phu np liu cn ng vai tr l phu sy trong trng hp ht nha b m b mt bng cch sc dng kh nng t di ln trn vo khi ht. * Xy lanh:

Xy lanh l mt ng thnh dy c t c nh trn gi . H thng gi ny phi m bo khi gn u khun xy lanh khng b cong, c th gin n c theo chiu di khi b nung nng v co li c khi lm ngui. Vt liu ch to xy lanh i hi phi c bn mi mn, chng n mn v bn c tt, thng s dng thp c bn cao v b mt lm vic c thm nit. Xy lanh thng c gia nhit bng in tr qun bn ngoi c cng sut khong 25 45 W/in2. Khi cn lm ngui xy lanh c th dng tc nhn l khng kh (dng qut gi) hay mt cht lng ti nhit khc ( nc,du) trong gii nhit bng khng kh l phng php a dng nht v gi thnh lp t v vn hnh thp, d iu khin. * Trc vt: y l thnh phn chnh ca my n,hnh dng trc vt quyt nh tnh nng ca my n. Vt gm c 3 vng phn bit r rt: vng cp liu, vng nn (vng nha ha) v vng bm (vng nh lng).Chiu di cc vng ph thuc nhiu vo tng loi nha gia cng. Chnh v vy khi gia cng cc loi nha khc nhau thng phi thay i trc vt. Trc vt c ch to t thp v c m crm chu n mn, nh rng vt c th c ph bng vt liu chu mi mn. Khi gia cng nguyn liu sinh nhit ma st ln, trc vt c th c li rng cho nc gii nhit vo khi cn gii nhit mnh. * Li lc v tm li lc: Cu to: - Li lc l li thp khng g, khi s dng thng dng nhiu li kt hp vi nhau to hiu qu lc cao nht. - Tm li lc l mt tm kim loi trn c khoan nhiu l nh c ng knh 3 5 mm. Cng dng: - Lc tp cht khi khi nha nng chy, khng cho vo u khun. - To ra p lc ngc lm tng hiu qu trn v nha ha ca vt. - Gi cho dng nha vo u khun c n nh. * u khun: u khun l b phn dng to hnh s b sn phm sao cho gn ging nht vi dng sn phm. V vy c rt nhiu hnh dng u khun khc nhau theo sn phm sn xut. u khun thng c lm t thp c x l tng cng hoc thp nitrit ha (x l trong mi trng amoniac) hoc thp chu n mn c hm lng crm cao( khong 15% ), bn trong u khun c m mt lp crm dy khong 0,025mm. 2.3.2.2. Cc b phn sau my n * Ko: c 2 loi chnh - Loi dng cho mng mm: dng cp trc ko, thng dng mt trc ph cao su, mt trc l kim loi. - Loi dng cho sn phm cng: dng bng chuyn ng c hai mt p vo sn phm. Nu bng chuyn ng cng di th lc p phn b cng u v nh. * Lm lnh: - Lm lnh trc tip: phi n tip xc vi khng kh bn ngoi hoc cho phi n chy thng vo trong nc. Phng php ny c s dng khi sn phm i hi c trong cao v t tn chi ph v thit b.

- Lm lnh gin tip: cho nc hay du chy vo mt trc kim loi, b mt trc ny mi lm lnh phi n. Phng php ny c s dng khi sn phm i hi b mt phi c bng cao, tuy nhin chi ph cho thit b cao hn do s dng nhiu trc lm lnh. * nh hnh: Qu trnh nh hnh c tin hnh song song vi qu trnh lm lnh. Phi n ra u khun thng c dng ng, dng dao ct tri thnh dng tm v c a qua cc trc lm lnh. dy cui cng ca sn phm c th t c bng cch iu chnh khe h gia cc cp trc. Sau khi lm lnh hon ton sn phm s t c kch thc cui cng cn thit. Trong qu trnh nh hnh c th to vn cho sn phm bng cch cho phi n i qua trc vn. * Ct: Sn phm c th c ct bng dao thao tc bng tay hay t ng. S dng dao ct bng tay xc nh b ngang v dao ct t ng ct hai bin xc nh b dc sn phm theo kch thc mong mun. * Qun: c 2 dng qun - Qun tip xc: cc trc qun quay cng chiu vi nhau, b mt trc tip xc vi cun sn phm v lm cun sn phm quay theo chiu ngc li. Phng php ny khng s dng c khi sn phm qu trn hay cn cht lng qun cao. - Qun trung tm: cun sn phm c qun trn mt li quay ch ng, thng c hai v tr gn ng li sang cun mi d dng hn. 2.3.3. Quy trnh sn xut * Quy trnh sn xut vn my n mt trc vt

ko phi n

lm lnh nh hnh

dao ct sn phm

bn cha nguyn liu

Gii thch quy trnh: Nguyn liu sau khi cn v trn u c qut ht ht vo phu np liu t bn cha. Sau nguyn liu c cho vo xy lanh, c trc vt vn chuyn ln pha trc. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn, nguyn liu b nn p sinh ra nhit ma st kt hp vi nhit c gia nhit t bn ngoi, b nng chy, sau c p qua li lc v c a ra u

khun c dng ng. Ngay ti ming lp c lp t dao ct ct phi n dng ng v tri ra thnh dng tm qua b phn ko phi n. Phi n dng tm ny c a qua b phn nh hnh v lm lnh song song. Sau khi ra khi dn lnh sn phm qua dao ct t ng ct bin v dao ct bng tay nh kch thc theo mun. * Quy trnh sn xut tn Tng t nh quy trnh sn xut vn nhng trong qu trnh nh hnh phi n c a qua b phn to sng ( khe to sng ). 2.3.4. Sn phm Sn phm ch yu ca cng ngh n l tn,vn nha PVC,PP,PE.

tn PVC

vn PVC

vn PE,PP 2.4)cng ngh composite: 2.4.1)nguyn liu:UPE,si thy tinh,cht ng rn v cht xc tin ng rn 2.4.2)quy trnh sn xut:da trn cng ngh Hand Lay Up nhng c t ng bng my Hn hp PU c trn sn cht xc tin ng rn Cht ng rn Si thy tinh dng cun roving c ct ngn khong 5cm v ri u xung bng chuyn 1 cch t ng sao cho ng t l nha/si l 62/38

ng nguyn liu qua 1 h thng cn t dng ly ng t l cn ly v qua h thng bng chuyn

H thng bng chuyn

L ng rn 800C

2.4.3)sn phm:hin nay ti cng ty ch mi c mt hang tn v vn composite

Tn composite

Vn composite III) kin v nhn xt ca sinh vin Sau thi gian thc tp ti nh my, tuy ch l mt khong thi gian t i, nhng chng em cng xin c mt vi iu nhn xt v nh my : V mt k thut, chng em nhn thy ti nh my c qui m ln ,c y cc trang thit b phc v cho sn xut, h thng my mc hin i, p ng c nng sut sn xut ln. i ng cn b k thut nh my khng ngng nghin cu, tip cn vi nhng cng ngh mi, k thut mi sn xut ra cc mt hng mi. V mt t chc hiu qu,tn dng ti a ngun nhn lc ti nh my V kh khn: chng em bit c nh my ang gp kh khn trong vic thu hi dung mi trong qu trnh x l thnh phm, dung mi sau khi x l thnh phm th bay ra mi trng. Theo chng em, nh my nn u t ,nghin cu 1 dy chuyn khp kn, t c th thu hi li c lng dung mi tht thot ra mi trng, gy nhim mi trng v lng ph trong sn xut.