Internetworking - lin mng Gii thch VN: Internetwork l mt tp cc mng con ni vi nhau qua cc router.

i vi cng ty t nhn, mi mng con thng l mng LAN. Internet l mt trong cc v d tt nht ca mt mng internetwork. N cha nhiu mng con ni vi nhau bi cc router to thnh mng ln hn.

Vic kt ni cc LAN ring l thnh mt lin mng chung c gi l Internetworking. Internetworking s dng ba cng c chnh l: bridge, router v switch . B giao thc TCP/IP, ngn gn l TCP/IP (ting Anh: Internet protocol suite hoc IP suite hoc TCP/IP protocol suite - b giao thc lin mng), l mt b cc giao thc truyn thng ci t chng giao thc m Internet v hu ht cc mng my tnh thng mi ang chy trn . B giao thc ny c t tn theo hai giao thc chnh ca n l TCP (Giao thc iu khin Giao vn) v IP (Giao thc Lin mng). Chng cng l hai giao thc u tin c nh ngha.Nh nhiu b giao thc khc, b giao thc TCP/IP c th c coi l mt tp hp cc tng, mi tng gii quyt mt tp cc vn c lin quan n vic truyn d liu, v cung cp cho cc giao thc tng cp trn mt dch v c nh ngha r rng da trn vic s dng cc dch v ca cc tng thp hn. V mt lgic, cc tng trn gn vi ngi dng hn v lm vic vi d liu tru tng hn, chng da vo cc giao thc tng cp di bin i d liu thnh cc dng m cui cng c th c truyn i mt cch vt l

Lin mng
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Lin mng (ting Anh: internetwork hoc vit gn thnh internet) l hai hay nhiu mng my tnh ni vi nhau bng cc thit b nh tuyn (router) cho php d liu c gi qua li gia chng. Cc thit b nh tuyn c

nhim v hng dn giao thng d liu theo ng ng (trong s mt s cc ng c th) i qua lin mng ti ch. (Mt s ngi nhm ln khi gi vic lin kt cc mng vi nhau bng cc cu (bridge) l lin mng. Thc ra h thng ch l kt ni ca cc mng con v vic gi d liu qua n khng i hi cc giao thc lin mng, chng hn giao thc IP). Ban u, lin mng l mt cch kt ni cc kiu cng ngh mng khc nhau. Nhng ri n tr nn ph bin rng ri qua s pht trin ca nhu cu kt ni hai hoc nhiu mng cc b vi nhau thnh mt dng mng din rng. Hin nay, nh ngha ca lin mng bao hm c vic kt ni cc mng my tnh thuc cc kiu khc, chng hn cc mng c nhn PAN. Internet chnh l v d thc t ni ting nht ca lin mng. l mt mng gm cc mng chy nhiu giao thc bc thp khc nhau, c thng nht bi mt giao thc lin mng - giao thcIP. Giao thc IP ch cung cp mt dch v chuyn gi tin khng ng tin cy qua mt lin mng. gi d liu mt cch ng tin cy, cc ng dng phi s dng mt giao thc tng Giao vn, chng hn giao thc TCP, giao thc ny cung cp mt dng ng tin cy (reliable stream). (Thut ng khng ng tin cy y khng c ngha l IP khng ng tin cy, m l n gi cc gi tin m khng lin lc v thit lp mt kt ni vi my ch t trc. Dch v ng tin cy th lm ngc li). Do TCP l giao thc giao vn c s dng rng ri nht, ngi ta thng gi TCP v IP lin nhau l "TCP/IP". Mt s ng dng thng s dng mt giao thc giao vn n gin hn (giao thc UDP) cho cc nhim v khng i hi vic gi d liu mt cch tuyt i ng tin cy, chng hn nh video streaming.

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Giao thc nh tuyn IS-IS

IS-IS l mt giao thc nh tuyn nI (IGP) c pht trin nm 1980 bi Digital Equipment. Sau ISIS c cng nhn bi t chc ISO nh l mt giao thc nh tuyn chun. ISIS c to ra nhm cc mc ch sau: Xy dng mt giao thc nh tuyn chun. C c ch nh v a ch rng ln. C c ch nh v c cu trc. Hiu qu, cho php hi t nhanh v c ph tn thp.

Mc tiu ban u ca ISIS l to ra mt giao thc m tt c cc h thng c th dng. Tuy nhin, c th m bo mt yu t thc s mang tnh m (open), ISO c gng tch hp mi c im mang tnh thuyt phc ca cc giao thc nh tuyn khc vo ISIS. Kt qu l ISIS l mt giao thc kh phc tp. Phn ln cc nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) dng ISIS t nhng nm ISIS c to ra. iu ny l do ISIS l mt giao thc c lp, c

kh nng m rng v c bit nht l c kh nng nh ngha kiu dch v trong qu trnh routing (ToS routing).

S tng t gia ISIS v OSPF ISIS v OSPF c nhiu im chung. C hai u l giao thc nhm linkstate v da trn gii thut Dijsktra ca SPF. Thm vo , c hai u h tr kiu thit k cu trc. OSPF c trin khai trong hu ht cc mng cp cng ty, trong khi ISIS c dng trong cc mng ISP.

Trong ISIS, a ch vng v a ch host c gn trong ton b router, trong khi i vi OSPF, a ch c gn cp interface. Mt ISIS router nm trong mt area, trong khi mt OSPF router c th thuc v nhiu area. iu ny c ngha l tt c cc level-1 routers phi thuc v cng mt vng v thng qua level1-2 kt ni n cc areas khc. Tuy nhin, level-1-2 router cn phi nm trong cng mt vng vi level-1 router m n tng tc. Router level-1-2 c th thy ton b cc AS v s lm nhim v nh l default-route n level 1 area. Khi nim ny rt ging vi OSPF stub area. Level 2 router s gi level 2 thng tin cp nht n cc vng khc ging nh ABR trong OSPF. Vai tr ca DR th hi khc. DIS trong ISIS s tn ti c level1 v level 2 trn nhng h thng mng a truy cp (multiaccess), nhng s khng c BDR. Thm na, trong OSPF DR s lun tn ti; ngc li trong ISIS nu c mt router khc c u tin cao hn, DIS hin thi s b loi b vai tr. Rt t cc quan h adjacencies c hnh thnh trong OSPF bi v OSPF router ch lp cc quan h i vi DR v BDR; trong khi trong ISIS, tt c cc router s thit lp quan h vi tt c cc router khc trn cng segment mng. Tuy nhin, cc LSP ch c gi bi DIS . Mt s khc nhau ln khc l qu trnh ng gi ca hai giao thcs. ISIS l c lp v n chy trc tip t lp datalink. S phn mng (fragmentation) thuc v trch nhim ca ISIS. Ngc li OSPF c ng gi trong IP v v vy b gii hn bi giao thc . Cc LSP cng c qun l hi khc. Trong ISIS, cc LSP khng c cng nhn s b b qua v b flood. Trong khi i vi OSPF, cc LSA s b qua v drop