THEROD OF MOSES

ADECLARATIONOFWARAGAINSTTHEPRESENTAGE Likethewindofmornimbibethewishtoblow, Fortemperfreeisevermovingtoandfro. Athousandfountsshallspringonpaththatyouhavetrod, GodeepinselfandcleavetheseawithMosesRod.

DEDICATIONTO

NAWABSIR HAMIDULLAHKHAN
THERULEROFBHOPAL
WhatTimehasdoneorshalldowiththeEast, Nonesaveaprince,likeyou,canknowthe least. Youowninsightandwhatliesinmy mind, Isnottoohardforyoutokenandfind. AcceptfrommethistreasureofSpring tide, Whoserosesinyourhandshallfresh abide.

TOREADERS
Yourglasscannevermatchthestonyrock, Unlessoffactswithcareyoutakethestock. Giveproofofstrengthandstrikea dreadfulblow, Whenwariswagingstrainsofharp forego. Thewealthoflifeisduetobloodinveins, Omanremiss!lovepain,shunmelodious strains.

TheRodofMoses301

THEPROLOGUE
(1) Infaneandshrinetheselfinslumberdeepis sunk, ItseemsthatsoulofEastanopiatestronghas drunk. IffreaksofFatewithsmileonlipsyou cannotface, Thesecretshidinfirmamentnreclaim totrace. YouranguishsharpforDeathyoucannot keepatbay, Becauseyoudeemthatselfismerelymadeof clay. Timecanconcealmishapsatallfrom you, Alas!yourheartandsoularefouland arenottrue. ThestrawsandthornsofEasttomehave beenassigned, Forflamethatburnsinmeisrashand unconfined. (2) Iqbal,yousinbecausethethrongsyoutingle, Thoughkeepaloofandseldomwiththem mingle. Menwonttoquaffextractfrom poppiesdrawn, Havecouragegainedfordeeds requiringbrawn. Thebirds,whospiteofpinionsrentwere glad, Innests,forazureskynowfeelsosad. Yououghttobedeprivedofsongsof morn, Deservetomissdelightandfeelforlorn.

ISLAMANDMUSSULMAN
DAWN
Themornthatshiftssosoontomorrownew, Whenceitcomesisonlyknowntofew: Thedarkabodeofbeingisshookby morn, WhichbyMuslimscalltoprayeris born.

NOGODBUTHE
Thesecretoftheselfishid, InwordsNogodbutHealone. Theselfisjustadulledgedsword, NogodbutHe,thegrindingstone. AnAbrahambytheageissought TobreaktheidolsofthisHall: TheavowalofGodsOnenesscan Makealltheseidolsheadlongfall. Abargainyouhavestruckforgoods Oflife,astep,thatsmacksconceit, AllsavethecallNogodbutHe, Ismerelyfraughtwithfraudanddeceit. Theworldlywealthandrichestoo, Tiesofbloodandfriendsadream Theidolswroughtbydoubtsuntrue, AllsaveGodsOnenessemptyseem. Themindhasworntheholythread OfTimeandSpacelikepagansall ThoughTimeandSpacebothillusive NogodbutHeistruewithal. Thesemelodioussongsarenot confined ToTimewhenroseandtulipbloom Whatevertheseasonofyearbe NogodbutHemustringtilldoom. Manyidolsarestillconcealed IntheirsleevesbytheFaithfulFold, IamordainedbyMightyGod Toraisethecallandbemuchbold.

SUBMISSIONTOFATE
TheQuranicteachingthatdidbring TheMoonandPleiadeswithinhuman Isnowexplainedinmannerstrange, Twixtmanandworldtocauseabreach.

302CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Theirmodeofworkhaschanged entire, BeforethefreaksofFatetheybow: TheyhadasayinwhatGoddecreed, ButMuslimshavenowfallenlow. Whatwassoevilhasbysteps Putontheshapeofgoodandfine: Instateofbondage,asisknown, Theshiftofconscienceisquitesure. Itisrooteddeepinfibresofmyheart. Iqbaldevoidofskillandcraftthoughbe, Througheveryveinofthoughtcanfullysee. Thefrenzyinyourbreastisshornof glow, Thisheartillumingpointyououghtto know. IntellectleadsamanfromGodastray, Philosophyfromgraspingfactskeepsaway. Dumbstrainsproducedbycalmand seriousthought Slayzealforactivelifeandachievenot aught. True faith and creed give strength to earthly life, AbrahamandProphetsSealguidetofaceits strife. Alisson,youaredeceivedby Avicennasthought, GiveearstowhattheHolyProphet taught. Youcannotseethepathyouhaveto tread, SochooseaguidefromtribeofQuraysh instead.

ASCENSION
Amoteendowedwithstrongdesireforflight CanreachtheSunandMoonwitheffort slight. Ifchestofpartridgefireandzealemit, Myfriends,infightwithhawkitcanacquit. AscensionmeanstogaugeaMuslims heart, ThePleiadesarethetargetofhisdart. Nowonder,meaningsofNajmfrom youhide, OnMoondependsyouroceansebb andtide.

ADMONITIONTOAPHILOSOPHY STRICKENSAYYID
Ifyourselfhadnotbeendebasedandlost, Bergson,hisspellonyouwouldnothavecast. Hegelsshellisquitedevoidofgem thatgleams, Histalismanmerelyweboffancy seems. Mansneedishowthisearthlylifetobrace, HeyearnsthatselfmaylastyondTimeand Space. Tohavealifesteadfastishisdesire, Heseekssomerulestoguidehislife entire. Thesource,thatgloomdispels,spreadslight around, Isworshipcallatmornwithclarionsound. IambybreedapureandtriteSomnati, AncestorsminewerebothLatiand Manati. YouhailfromHashemiteProphetsrace, MyoriginfromBrahmansIhavetotrace. Philosophyismybodysessentialpart,

THEEARTHANDTHESKY
PerhapsthepartofyearthatSpringyou deem, InothersviewdestructiveAutumnitmay seem! Theworldlyaffairsonepatterndont retain, Sopilgrimwise,thinknotoflossand gain! Thethingyoutakeforskyofearthlytract, Perhapsissoilofsomeotherworldinfact!

THEDECLINEOFTHEMUSLIMS
Thoughwealthandgoldprovide Theworldlyneedsofman Butwhatfaqrcanbestow Nowealthorgoldeercan. Ifyouthofnationmine Werejealousoftheircreed, Myqalandarsstatewontmind Alexandersmightindeed.

 Witheaseyoucandivine Tosomethingelseisdue: Penurycannotcause DeclineofMuslimsTrue. Wealthhasplayednopart Tobringmyworthtolight Myfaqrthisspellhascast, Theshareofwealthisslight. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

TheRodofMoses303 Themystics,whowerekeentheirfaithto spread, Aresilentnowandthoughtforthemadread. Alas!thestateofbondagedeprivesof zest, Slavestreadthebeatenpathand relinquishquest. Thejuristsarehelplesstosuchextent Cantchangethemselvesbutwouldchange Quranscontent. Howsad,thejuristscantshifttheir outlook, ButwouldprefertochangetheHoly Book! Theseabjectslavesopineandclingtocreed ThatHolyBookisfullofflawsindeed. Theythinkitincompleteforthisfact Becauseitfailstoteachtheslavishtact.

KNOWLEDGEANDLOVE
Knowledgesaidtome,Loveismadness; Lovesaidtome,Knowledgeiscalculation Oslaveofcalculation,donotbeabookworm! LoveisPresenceentire,Knowledgenothing butaVeil. TheuniverseismovedbythewarmthofLove; KnowledgedealswiththeAttributes,Loveis avisionoftheEssence; Loveispeaceandpermanence,LoveisLife andDeath: Knowledgeistherisingquestion,Loveisthe hiddenanswer. Kingdom,faithandfaqrareallmiraclesofLove; Thecrownedkingsandlordsarebaseslaves ofLove; LoveistheSpaceandtheCreation,Loveis TimeandEarth! Loveisconvictionentire,andconvictionisthe key! Theluxuryofdestinationisforbiddeninthe religionofLove; Fightingthestormsispermitted,butthe comfortoftheshoreisforbidden; LightningispermittedtoLove,Harvestis forbidden. KnowledgeisthechildoftheBook,Loveis themotheroftheBook. [TranslatedbytheEditors]

THANKSCUMCOMPLAINT
Thoughunwise,thankstoGodImustexpress ForbondswithcelestialworldthatIpossess. Mysongsfreshzealtoheartsofmen impart, Theircharmextendstolandsthatlie apart. InAutumnmybreathmakesbirdsthatchirp inmorn, Imbibemuchjoyandfeelnomoreforlorn. OGod,tosuchalandIhavebeensent, Wheremeninabjectbondagefeelcontent. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

DHIKRANDFIKR
Theseareallawayfarerssearchposts aboutwhomtheQuransays:Hetaughtallthe names. TheachievementsofRumiandAttarare stationsofdhikr; thecomputationsofBuAliSinapertainto thestationoffikr. Tomeasuretimeandspaceisthestationof fikr, torecite:ExaltedbemyLord,MostHighisthe stationofdhikr. [TranslatedbyBASHIRAHMADDar]

IJTEHAD
ThereisnoplaceinIndwherefromtolearn ThetenetsthattheMuslimFaithconcern. Theyaredevoidofzealforgodlyacts, Andarenotwonttoseekitsbasicfacts.

304CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal

MULLAHOFTHEMOSQUE
Idonotwonderif ToGodyoufindapproach: Youknownotrankofman Forwhichyouneedreproach. Yourworshipisdevoid Ofgrandeur,charmandgrace: YourCalltoPrayeratmorn Leavescoldanddoesnotbrace

KNOWLEDGEANDRELIGION
LearningwhomGodhasmade Themateofheartandsight, LikeFriendofGodcanbreak Witheaseallidolsbright. Cosmosandlifeareone, Theworldisoneandsame Thetaleofoldandnew Ismerelyfalseandlame. Ablossomcannotthrive Inmeadowfulloftrees, Unlesssomedropsofdew Allywithpleasantbreeze. Thatkenisvisiondim, Inwhichthewisemanslore AndsightthatMosesviewed Keepapartandmergenomore.

DESTINY
Oftmenwhodontdeservegetmightand main, AnonaPersonsgiftsungracedremain. PerhapssomerulesofLogicare concealed, Mishapsthatlieinwaitarenot revealed. Thereisafactthatallofuscanknow, Worldannalsmuchlightonthismatterthrow. Fatekeepsitseyeonwhatthenationsdo, Liketwoedgedswordcanriddlethrough andthrough. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

INDIANMUSLIM
Brahmansdubhimasfoetonativeland, TheEnglishcallhimbeggarontheother hand. ThecodeofprophetborninPunjab says, ThisancientMuslimownsmany paganways. Whenandwhencethecalltotruthshall rise, Myhumbleheartisfeelingmuch surprise? 2

ONENESSOFGOD
Tauhidhasbeenalivingforceinthedays bygone;whatisitthesedays?Merelyatopic oftheology. Ifitsglorydoesntmakethedarknessof characterradiant, Muslimcannotjudgehiselevatedposition. Chiefofwarriors,Ihavewitnessedyour array;theirsheathsaredevoidofthesword ofSay:HeisAllah. Ah!Neithermullahnorfaqihenvisagesthe factthatunityofthoughtwithoutunityof actionisimperfect. Whatisanation,orhowtoleadit?What cluetheseleadersofprayerscouldhaveof that! [TranslatedbyDr.MohammadRiaz] 1
Thelastcouplet,Whatisanation,couldhave ofthat!hasbeentranslatedbythepresenteditors, sinceitdidnotoccurinDr.Riazstranslation.
1

WRITTENONTHEOCCASIONOFTHE BRITISHGOVERNMENTSPERMISSIONTO KEEPSWORD

OMuslim,didyoueverthinkorfeel Whatismeantbypiercingswordofsteel? Itisthefirsthemistichofthisverse ThatGodsOnenessshowsinformso terse. Myanxietyforthesecondhalfisgreater though, MayGodtheswordoffaqronyoubestow IfMuslimtruecangetthisswordinhold
2

ThequotationisfromaPersiansource.

 HeisAlitheLionofGod,orKhalidbold. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

TheRodofMoses305 Gainstpoisonworkswithspeed, Andprovesasourceofmuchrelief.

JIHAD
Thisisanage,ourcanonistsnewdictum Assuresus,ofthepen:inourworldnow Theswordhasnomorevirtue.Hasitnot reached Ourpiousoraclesear,thatintheMosque Suchsermonizingnowadayshasgrown Rhymelessandreasonless?Where,ina Muslimshand, Willhefinddaggerorrifle?Andifthere were, Ourheartshavelostallmemoryofdelight Indeath.Toonewhosenervesfalterateven Aninfidelcutdown,whowouldexclaim DielikeaMuslim!Preachrelinquishment Ofsuchcrusadestohimwhosebloodyfist Menacesearth!Europe,swathedcapapie Inmail,mountsguardoverherglittering reign Offalsehood;weenquireofourdivine, SotenderofChristendom:iffortheEast Warisunhallowed,isnotwarunhallowed ForWesternarms?Andifyourgoalbetruth, IsthistherightroadEuropesfaultsall glossed, AndallIslamsheldtosostrictanaudit? [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

FAQRANDMONARCHY
FaqrgoestoWarunequipped,unarmedwith glee, Itdealsdireblows,ifheartofsinsisfree. Itsdefianceandunrest,everon increase GivetaleofMosesandPharoahfresh release. Ozealousfaqr,youwillgetyourgrandeurold, TheFrankishsoulisstainedwithgreedof wealthandgold. EcstaticLoveforbidscontrolofheart Withoutbreezethepetalsdonotpart.

ISLAM
Thefireandlightofegoboth ThesoulofMuslimstogetherbind; Thefireofselfislightforlife: Godsexistencebringsbeforethemind. Itfortifiesthethingsoflife, Itisthecauseofalldisplay: ThoughNaturealwayshidesthissoul Fromeyesofmankindfaraway. IfMuslimFaithoffendstheWest, LetWestinitsownangerburn: Thisfaithisknownbyothername, ToJealousFaqrnowwemustturn. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

AUTHORITYANDFAITH
AutocratslikeAlexanderandGenghis, Havetrampledmenbeneaththeirfeet, Notoncebuthundredtimessofar, Theybroughtmandownfromhonouredseat. Theannalsrightfromhistorysdawn Themessageeternalbearassuch, Oman,withinsightgreatendowed, Thewineofmightisdangerousmuch. Beforethisquicklyflowingflood Thatspreadstoallthetractswithspeed: Art,insight,intellectandscience, Arecarriedalonglikestrawandreed. Divorcedfromfaith,apoisonstrong, Whenproppedbyfaithandtruebelief,

ETERNALLIFE
Lifeisalikeashellandegolikeadropof Aprilshower Itisunbecomingashellifitcannotturnthe dropintoapearl. Iftheegoisselfpreserving,selfcreatingand selfsustaining, Thenitispossiblethatevendeathmaynot makeyoudie. [TranslatedbyM.MunawwarMirza]

KINGSHIP
Theloftystatesoffaqrareknowntofew, ThefaqrthatbringsthesoulofQurantoview.

306CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Whenselfhoodseesitsswayandupper hand, Thisexaltedstatethefolkaskingship brand. ThisrankgivesverdictofaMuslimsworth, AndmakeshimvicegerentofGodonearth. Youhavegotbondageasafitreward, Foryouhavefailedtokeeponfaqra guard. Prostrationmadelikemoonhisforehead shine, Alas!theFrankshavesnatchedthatessence fine. Yourstarshavelosttheirpristineglow andsheen ThatmadethemrivalsofSunand Moonsokeen.

MYSTICISM
Ifangelicartandcelestiallore TheillsofMuslimscannotcure, Worthlesstheyareandofnouse, Offactsotrueyoumustbesure. Yourreveriesdeepandrapturesweet, Yourworshipatthemidstofnight, Iffailtokeepawatchonself, Areuselessquiteandhavevalueslight. Theintellectcancastitsnoose OnthePleiadesandtheMoon; IfheartisbreftofloveforGod, Itisnotaworthygiftandboon. Ifwitincitesamantosay NoGodbutHeitbringsnogain: It.hasnoworthatallIthink, Unlessaffirmedbyheartandbrain. Nowondergreatthatmydiscourse Withdistractionunboundisfraught: Ifitwontspreadlikeraysofmorn, Itmeanssuchtalkhasvaluenaught! [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

THEMYSTIC
Youreyesarefixedonmiraclesthatamaze, Butworldofeventsstrangeattractsmygaze. Nodoubt,theworldofthoughtis strangeandqueer, ButworldsofLifeandDeathmoreodd appear. AcalltoyouissentbyWorldofChance, Perhapsyoumaytransmuteitwithyour glance. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

ISLAMININDIA
Onlyidentityofthought KeepstheFaiththriving Doctrinebywhosemeansschismisbrought Isimpiousstriving; Andonlythestronghandisfit Toguardthecreed: Letnoonetrustmansnativewit Toservesuchneed. Butthatstrength,preacher,weshallnot Findinyourhandmuster; Go,andreciteinsomecoolgrot Yourpaternoster AndthereconcoctsomenewIslam, Whosemystickernel Shallbeatamesubmissivecalm, Despaireternal! InIndia,ifbareleavebedeigned Hisprayerprostration, OurdullpriestthinksIslamhasgained Emancipation. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

DAZZLEDBYEUROPE
1 YourlightisonlyEuropeslightreflected: Youarefourwallsherarchitectshavebuilt, Ashellofdrymudwithnotenantsoul, Anemptyscabbardchasedwithflowerygilt. 2 ToyourmindGodsexistenceseems unproved: Yourownexistenceseemsnotprovedto mine. Hewhoseselfshineslikeagem,aloneexists; Takeheedofit!Idonotseeyoursshine. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

TheRodofMoses307

GHAZAL
Aheartdevoidofloveisdead, Infusefreshlifeinitagain: Itistheonlycureforfolk Whosufferfromsomechronicpain. Yourseaisfullofcalmandrest Isitreposeormagicart? Nosharksandstormsdisturbyoursea, Intactitscoastineverypart! Youarenotintimatewithlaws Thatrulethespheresthatspinaround: Thetwinklingstarsdonotdisturb Thecalmwhichinyourheartisfound! Thedormantsparkthatburiedlay Inmyextinguishedclaysincelong Hassetafireyourbedofreeds, Assumingformofmorningsong! Thatmancanonlyseeinfull Theworldoffutureandthepast, Whohasthelucktobeendowedwith Withmyglancesopertandfast!

REVELATION
Poorintellectcantbefit Tobeyourguideinlife: Ifledbyguessanddoubt Disruptionmaygetrife. Yourzealinfirmandweak, Unlityourthoughtsbylight: Itistoohardtoillume Yourlifesdarkdismalnight. Twixtactionsgoodandbad Itshardtodrawaline, Unlesslifeundertakes Suchsubtlepointstodefine.

DEFEATISM
Themysticsofthepresentage Aredevoidofwarriorsrage: Theclaimthattheyareraptwithwine OfLastandturnfromCodeDivine! Thejuristhassuchbentofmind Thatmakestomonkishmodeinclined, InHolyWarstakerocklikestand, Theyarejustcombatshandtohand. Mansflightfromconflictsoflife, Orescapefromitsheatandstrife: Ifthesenotbeabjectdefeat, Whatelseisthenameanretreat?

THEWORLD
ThediversehuesofworldIcandescry, Herestoneandgem,theremoonandstarry sky. Myinsightalsogivesthisverdictclear, Thesearehills,river,earthandsphere. Offactssotrue,Istrivetohidenotaught: Youare,allelseatrickthateyeshave wrought!

HEARTANDINTELLECT
Claymademanandangelichosts Allareswayedbywitandmind: Naughtliesbeyondthereachofwit, BestowedbyGodbenignandkind. Itslastinggrandeurholdstheworld Inperpetualchainsthatdonotbreak: Theheartalonesomecourageshows Andfullofrageatwitcanshake.

PRAYER
Indifferentgarbsandvariousmasks Theidolsreappearineveryage: Theyeerretaintheiryouthandgloss Thoughmanhasgrownoldonthisstage. ProstrationforeGodyoupresume Asirksome,tedious,burdengreat; Butmind,thishomagesetsyoufree Frombondsofmen,ofmightwho prate!

FERVOURFORACTION
Themysticmodehasnaughtexcept Theinnerchangesoftheheart; ThetalkofMullahonhiscreed Ismerelypieceoffieryart. Thepoetssongofzealbereft, Isdeadandstruckwithfrost! Tooutwardeyesheseemsawake, Thoughinthoughtscompletelylost!

308CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Alas!myeyesdonotbehold Theholyknightwhosefervourhigh Maycausehisbloodtoseetheandboil Inveinsthatlendsuchmighttothigh. Ispreciousmorethangemsinmart. Asgoodasdeadisscienceandart, Whichtooknotbirthfrombleedingheart!

GODSMEN
Thatmanaloneisbraveandfree, Whosestrokeisfullofmainandmight; Thatmaniscowardthroughandthrough Wholeansonguileandtricksinfight. FromcreationsImmemorialDawn Freebornmenownabentofmind, Qalandarstraitsdonningcloakand crown, Suchdistinctivemarksinthemwefind. Thesparklieshidwithintheirclay, Whichtheworldtoitselftakes; Transformsitasifbyasmell Andworldillumingsunitmakes. Thislifeisfreefromuglytaint Thatmakesmenroundthefanetotread: OGod!thefaithfulandpaganall Havewornonshoulderssacredthread.

THEGRAVE
Adervishfeelsnorestatall Beneaththemoundofclodsanddust: Thoughabysmaldarkthegrave, Itsrigoursyetbearhemust. Indarkanddismaldepthsofgrave Silenceofskiesamancansense, Buttherehecanneverfind Environsfreeandspaceimmense.

THERECOGNITIONOFAQALANDAR
ADervishboldproclaimswithmainand might Myguidancetake,treadpathquitestraight andright! Beyondyourmightandnervesmy tumultslie, Withcautiongreatbyqalandars dwellinghie! ThehelpofskiffandguideIdonotneed, Ifyouareswollenbrook,comedownwith speed! Hasnotmytakbirbrokeyourcharm? Revoke,ifshowofcouragedoesnot harm! Adervishholdsthereinsoftimelike steed, Hebringssun,starsandmoontobook withspeed!

THEINFIDELANDBELIEVER
ThusKhizrtomedidspeak Lastdayonriverbanks. Areyouinsearchofcure ForvenomspreadbyFranks? Iknowasubtlepoint Whichliketheswordiskeen: Iscutting,burnished,bright Andownsapeculiarsheen. Aheathengetsdistinct Bygettinglostinlife WhereasaMuslimtrue Keepsboveitsbrawlandstrife.

PHILOSOPHY
Thethoughtsofyoungbothmaskedandplain Fromqalandarseyescanthidremain. IknowyourstatesforItoocrost, Thesetractsintimeswhichnoware past. Thewiseboutwordsdonotquarrel, Heheedsnotshellwhoseeksthepearl. MencrazedwithloveofGodpossess, Witthatfromsparktheflamecan guess. Animportcomplexconfirmedbyheart,

THETRUEGUIDE
ThesedentnationsoftheEast, OractivedwellersoftheWest; Areinmatesofsuchdungeonsthat Werebuiltbythemwithzealandzest! ThepriestswhoguidetheChristian church, AndelderswhomaintaintheShrine, Lacknewnessofdiscourseandspeech, Bereftaretheyofactionsfine.

 Expertsinstatecraftpractisestill Thesameantiqueguileandwilytricks Noflightsoffancythebardcanclaim Toidealslowandmeanhesticks! ItistimethattheexpectedGuide Maysoonappearonworldlystage; Hispiercingglanceinrealmofthought Wouldcauseaviolentstormtorage.

TheRodofMoses309

FATE
(SATANANDGOD)
SATAN

BELIEVER
INTHEWORLD Amanwhosefaithisfirmandstrong Issoftassilkinfriendlythrong: Inskirmishbetweenwrongandright Likeswordofsteel,hestandstofight! Theskiesarehisinveteratefoes Hiswarwiththemeeronwardgoes: ThoughMuslimtrueofclayisborn Fromearthlybondsstillheistorn. Tohuntthesparrowandthedove Hedoesnotlikeanddoesnotlove: Hemuchaspireshisnoosetocast Onangelsgreatandholditfast. INPARADISE Theangelsofthisthingaresure ThataMuslimcanallure; ButMaidsofEdendocomplain, Fromsocietyhedoesoftrefrain.

OhGod,Creator!Ididnothateyour Adam, ThatcaptiveofFarandNearandSwift andSlow; Andwhatpresumptioncouldrefuseto You Obedience?IfIwouldnotkneeltohim, ThecausewasYourownforeordaining will.

GOD

Whendidthatmysterydawnonyou? Before, Orafteryoursedition?

SATAN

After,ohbrightness Whenceallthegloryofallbeingflows.
GOD(TOHISANGELS)

MUHAMMADALIBAB
BeforeassembledMuslimpriests, Babmadeaspeechwithaptremarks; Thatfellowcouldnotreadaright Samawatswithitssyntacticmarks. Thescholarssmiledwithcontempt Atstupiderrorthathemade. Hesaidwithcourageandaplomb, Theyknewnothisspiritualgrade: TheversesoftheHolyBook Bydesinentialmarkswerebound; Theywereransomedandsetfree Forsakeofguidancetrueandsound. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

Seewhatagrovelingnaturetaughthim this Finetheorem!Hisnotkneeling,he pretends, BelongedtoMyforeordinance;giveshis freedom Necessitysbasetitle;wretch!Hisown Consumingfirehecallsawreathofsmoke. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

INVOCATIONTOTHESOULOF MUHAMMAD(PEACEBEUPONHIM)
Thebondsthatinpast,likebundleknit TheFaithfulFold,havenowbeensplit! OGodsentGuide,letMuslimsknow, Whattodoandwheretogo? TheArabianSeaisquitebereft Ofstir,thererisenowavesandcrest; Thetempestthatinmeishid Hasnoplacetospreadandskid! Caravanhasleftthetrampalone, Butmountorfoodhedoesnotown: Wherecanthesingingcameleergo,

310CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Whoridesonhillandwastetoandfro! OSoul,whomGodformessagechose! Thissecrethidtomedisclose: Somelightonthisproblemthrow, WheremaytheguardofGodsportents go? [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

FAQRANDMONKERY
Perhapsyourfaithissomuchquaintand queer, Forfaqrandmonkerysametoyouappear. Faqrhasaloathinggreatformonkish ease; Itsboatisevertossedbystormyseas. Heyearnstoputtotesthisframeandsoul, Displayofselfishismainaimandgoal. ItslifeliketouchstoneactsforCosmos vast: Itknowswhatwillperishandwhat willlast. Askitifthingsonwhichyoureyesarebent, Arerealormerelyriotofhueandscent! SinceMuslimtrueoffaqrhasbeenbereft, NoSalmansFaithorSolomonsaweare left.

THEWAYOFISLAM
What,shallItellyouthen,isaMuslimslife? Ecstasyssummitjoinedwithprofoundest thought! Evenitssettingflameslikearisingsun; Singleitshue,yetmanifoldagebyage; Neitherwiththosetimessharingtheirscorn ofvirtue. Norwithtimespasttheirbondagetomyth andmagic, Firmoneternalveritysbedrockstanding Hereistruelife,noairyconceitofPlato! Love,thattheSpiritharbors,ofloveliness MinglesamiditselementswithIrans Beautyofmind,Arabiasinwardfire. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

GHAZAL
ArestlessachingheartthatthrobswithLove Ismylifesonlystockandhoard. Yourjoysoflifeconsistofwealthandgold ThatworldlyScienceandArtstoyou afford. Themarvelwroughtbythinkerswiseand sage Consistsofproblemsstiffthatthought provoke: MountSinai,PharoahsroutandMosesStaff AremiraclesworkedbythosewhoGod invoke. IhaveconferredaMuslimsnameonyou Forsakeofcourtesy,customandroutine: Thoughyourbreathisquitebereftofheat OfReckoningDaythatshallemitblazing sheen. Myvestistorntoshredsandpiecessincelong Andthisisduetomymindsfrenzygreat: Yourmindisstillintactandsound, Whereforeimputetheblametomeand slate? Yououghttokeepyourwordswithincontrol, Ifyouseekthebounteousglanceofguide: Whenyoutalkwiththosewhoinsightown,

GUIDANCE
WhatGuidancesignifiesyouwishtoknow, Insight,likeme,mayGodonyoubestow! Heistrueguideandteacherofyour age, Whocanwithpresentfillyourmind withrage. ByshowingthefaceofFriendinlooking glass, Maymakeyourlifemoreonerousandcrass. Hemaymakeyourbloodseethewith senseofharm Andonfaqrswhetstonemaytosword transform. Suchguidancemeansrevoltagainst LustrousCreed ThatmakestheMuslimsbowtokingly breed.

 Becourteousmuch,byconductniceabide. Thatnationcannotcometoshameatall, Norshalleercomeacrossorfacedisgrace, Whoseyouthareblessedwithpluckand couragegreat, Andguardwithzealtheprestigeoftheir race.

TheRodofMoses311

REVELATIONANDFREEDOM
Withzealandfervourmanisfired: BylooksofmanbyGodinspired! Theintenseheathisbreathimparts, Ablazeinparkandorchardstarts! Themodeofhawksthethrushdisplays, Thebirdsthatchirpchangemodeandways! SuchmanraptwithGodsLovecan raise, LowborntorankofJamandParwiz! Godsavefromrevelationsofathrall, LikeGenghis,heleadstonationsfall!

RESIGNATION
Thetwigsandboughsthissubtlepoint explain Thatsenseofsurroundingwidetoplantsis plain. Theseedisnotcontentwithdwelling dark, Ithasacrazetospirefromearthlike spark. DontbarthepathtodeedsforNatures claims, SubmissiontoWillofGodhasdifferentaims. Ifthereispluckforgrowth,thesuburbs suffice; Oman,theworldiswide,ifyouarewise.

SOULANDBODY
Sincetimesantiquethemindofman Incomplexproblemsisinvolved: Whatisthesourceofclaybornman Andhowthesoulhasbeenevolved? Pain,anguish,gleeandrapturesweet Arespiritualstatesthatmanmustface: Whatisofmuchworth,cuporwine, Isknottypointyouwishtotrace? Whatbindsthewordsandtheirimport, Whatlinksthebodyandthesoul? Itwearsthecloakofitsownash Justliketheburntrefuseofcoal.

UNITYOFGOD
ThesubtlepointinGodsOnenesshid Witheaseinwordswecanexplain; Butwhataboutyourmindunsound Thatbrimswithmythsandidolsvain? TheElderoftheShrinehastraits Thatsmackofjuristsfaithandcreed: MuchthirstforviewNogodbutHe, Amonghisfellowscannotbreed. Nonecanappraisethegleeonegets, Whenwarisontwixtgoodandbad: Hewhocantinflictdeadlyblows Andstrokesinwarisneverglad. Observationsmadebyfreebornmen Inworldwithmarvelssoreplete; Tothosewhoowntheglanceofthralls Nonecansuchwondersforethem repeat. Adervishholdsaloftierrank Thanamonarchwhowearsacrown; Thereisnocureforsuchaman, Who,likepaupers,hassunkdown.

LAHOREANDKARACHI
ForMuslimtrue,deathhasnodread Torealmofsouls,hestraightisled. Dontasktherulersofthisland Tograntbloodpriceformartyred band. Theirbloodispreciousanddivine LikeprecinctsoftheHolyShrine. Alas!theMuslimhasforgot Thelessonthattohimwastaught. Hewasordainedtocrytonone SavetoGodUniqueandOne.

PROPHETHOOD
Agnostic,revivalist,juristor ExpertinProphetsmaximsIdonotclaim: Assuchaprophetsrankandstate IntermspreciseIcantproclaim. DespitethesethingsIalwayskeep OnMuslimlandsmywatchfuleye:

312CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Tomeareknownthesecretshid Indepthsofthisazuresky. Inpresentage,sofullofdusk Ihavebeheldthisfactsostark Thatpeepslikebrightandfullgrownmoon Fromskythatwearsthemantledark. Theseer,inspiredbyGod,whofails Toprompttodeedsofmightandmain, Isjustakintoleafofhemp Thatmakesoblivioustolossorgain. AndmaytheyallbyFaithabide! Restraintandorderyoumustteach Toshunconceityououghttopreach. ThosewhoblowonglassinWest, Havetaughttheyouthreposeandrest: Letthemimbibetobeartheshocks, Andcutthestonesandhewtherocks. TheforeignYokethatranforperiods long, Hasdrainedthebloodofheart,so strong; Thinkofsomecure,panaceaoraught Tobringtoendtheirsightdistraught. Infitsoffrenzystrongandgreat Ofmysteries,GodIstarttoprate: Bestowonmydistractedbrain Somerecompenseforthispain.

ADAM
Thetalismanwroughtfrommudandclay, Whomwegivethenameofman, IsmysteryknowntoGodalone, Itsessencetruewecannotscan. SinceCreationsEarlyMornbegan Timeisengagedinconstantflight, Hastriedtoleaveitstraceonman, Buthasnotmetsuccesseenslight. Ifyoudonotgetmuchdisturbed, ToyouthistruthImayunroll Thatman,Godsimage,ontheearth Isneitherframeofclaynorsoul. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

THEGUIDE
Anationslifegetsmuchprolonged Byloftyaimsandidealshigh: Ifdwellersheresomezealpossess, Theycanexploretheheightsofsky. TheFrankishSagebyguileandskill Newleaseoflifetonationgave: ThepathforbirthofSuperman Byvalourgreathestrovetopave. ToGuidesconceptyouseemaverse, Toofedupwiththisthoughtappear: ThisviewforMuslimshastheweight ThatforCathayhasmuskofdeer. Ifmanaliveputsontheshroud, Mustwetakethatassfordead: Orteartopiecessmallandshreds Hisshroudandcastawaythethreads?

MAKKAHANDGENEVA
Contemporaryerawitnessedtremendous contactsamongthenations; Theunityofmankind,however,remained concealed. Westernpolityadvocatesdivisionamongthe nations; Islampleadsbutforunificationofhumanity. HolyMakkahhassentamessagetoGeneva: Oughttherebeunityofmankindorunity amongthenations? [TranslatedbyMohammadRiaz]

AMUSLIM
AMuslimtruegetsgrandeurnew Withmomentschangeandeveryhour: Bywordsanddeedshegivesaproof OfMightyGod,Hisreachandpower. Toroutthefoes,tograntthemreprieve, Dopiousdeedsandshowgreatmight: Arefouringredientsthatmake AMuslimDevoutwhoshunsnotfight. WithGabrieltrustedandsteadfast Thisclaybornmanhaskinshipclose:

TOELDEROFTHESHRINE
OShaykh,whotendtheHolyShrine, Discardthesemonkishmodesofthine: Graspwhatmorningsongsdenote, WhataimorendIwouldpromote. MayGodpreservetheyouthyou guide,

 Adwellinginsomelandorclime ForhimselfMuslimneverchose. Thissecretyetnonehasgrasped ThatMuslimScripturereadssosweet: Practisingrulesbyitprescribed, Becomesitspatternquitecomplete. TheFaithfulactsonaimsandends ThatNaturekeepsbeforeitssight: Inworldhesiftsthegoodandbad, Infutureshalljudgewrongandright. Whiledealingwithfriendsandmates, Heisdewthatthirstoftulipslakes: Whenengagedwithhisfoesinfight, Liketorrentstrongmakesriversshake. ThecharmofNatureseternalsong InMuslimslife,nodoubtisfound: LikechapterRahmanoftheQuran, Isfullofsweetmelodioussound. Suchthoughtsthatshinelikelustrousstars Mybrain,likeworkshop,canprovide: Youcanselectthestaryoulike, SothatyourFatethisstarmayguide!

TheRodofMoses313

PREACHINGOFISLAMINTHEWEST
ThroughalltheWesternpoliteia Religionwitherstotheroots; Forthewhiteman,tiesofbloodandrace Areallheknowsofbrotherhood ABrahmin,inBritanniassight, Ascendsnohigherinlifesscale BecausethecreedoftheMessiah Hasnumberedhimwithitsrecruits; AllBritainonedaymightembrace Muhammadsdoctrine,ifshewould, AndyettheMohammedan,lucklesswight, Beleftasnowbeyondthepale. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

NEGATIONANDAFFIRMATION
Itcouldhaveneverbornefruitandfoliagein thespacelitupwithlight, Iffromthedarkrecessestheseedhadnot movedon: 3 Inlifewebeginwithnoandendwithyes; Whennoisdivorcedfromyesitbecomes destructive. Anationwhichdoesnotpassfromnotoyes Isundoubtedlyonthebrinkofdeath. [TranslatedbyBASHIRAHMADDar]

PUNJABIMUSLIM
Anewbornfaithinvokeshistaste, Adoptswithzealbutleaveswithhaste. Insearchfortruthhetakesnopart, Asdisciplestakesbothheadandheart. Ifcommentssnaresomehunterset, Fromnestonboughwoulddropinnet.

TOTHEAMIRSOFARABIA
IfAmirsofArabianlands Donttakeitforaslurorslight: ThisMuslimfromthelandofInd Mayspeakwithvigourgreatandmight. Whowerethepeoplewhomatfirst Godsapostlepreachedkinshipclose? Divisionamongstthemwasinfused BymenlikeBuLahabandsuchfoes. Theirexistencedoesnotrestatall: Onborderslonganddesertsvast Arabianlandssubsistbecause OfblessingsofArabiasProphetLast.

FREEDOM
Therightofthinkingfree,aMuslimowns, IsgiftorGodwhichcantbecheckedby frowns. HecantransformtheShrinetoMagian fane, CandecktheShrinewithFrankish idolsvain. CanmaketheHolyBookthesportofboys, Andcanwitheasedevisenewfaithsliketoys. InIndiaqueerandoddthefarceyousee, TheFaithiscaptive,buttheMuslimsfree. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

Twolines,Itcouldnevernotmovedonhave beenprovidedbytheeditorssincethetranslator hadlefttheseout.

3

314CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal

DECREESOFGOD
Thisproblemisnothardtosolve Oman,endowedwithinsightgreat: WhrtoobeydictatesofGod, OrsubmittodecreesofFate. TheWheelofFatespinshundredtimes Withinthetwinklingoftheeye; He,whofollowsfreaksofFate, Anonisdownandanonishigh. Herbs,vegetablesandmineralsalike AdheretowhatFatepreordains: ButMuslimtrueobeyslawsofGod, Allelseabhorsandmuchdisdains.

EDUCATIONAND UPBRINGING
GOAL
SPINOZA

Onlifeisfixedthegazeofpersonsbright, Whatislife?Presence,being,joyandlight!
PLATO

DEATH
Ifselfofmanperfectiongains Devoidofresthisheartremains: Eveninthenicheofgrave PresenceandAbsencehemustbrave. TheMoonandstarsshinelikeaspark, Formomentsfewandthenthedark: Therapturecausedbyegoswine Isaseternalasthingsdivine. Ifyouregoisripeandmature, YourlifefromDeathbecomessecure: Deathsangelmayearthlyframecontact, Butcannotharmyoursoul,infact.

Awisemanknowsthatforedeathhe mustbow, Inpitchdarknight,life,likespark,soon losesglow. Bothlifeanddeathdeservenotanyheed, Theselfofmanisegosgoalandneed. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

MODERNMAN
Lovefled,Mindstunghimlikeasnake;hecould not Forceittovisionswill. Hetrackedtheorbitsofthestars,yetcould not Travelhisownthoughtsworld; Entangledinthelabyrinthofhisscience Lostcountofgoodandill; Tookcaptivethesunsrays,andyetno sunrise Onlifesthicknightunfurled.

BYGRACEOFGOD,RISE!
Thoughchangesogreathasswepttheworld, Thereisnoneedtogrieveorsmart: Thesametheearthandsametheskies, ByGraceofGod,rise!Playyourpart! Thesamehotbloodrunsinyourveins ThatraisedthecryTheselfisTrue ByGraceofGod,rise!Playyourpart! Andgoinquestofventuresnew. Dontmournorweepforscatteredbrain, ItisaspellthatFrankshavecast: Thischarmwithcaseyoucanremove, Act,act,anewandleavethepast! [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

EASTERNNATIONS
Realitygrowsblurredtoeyeswhosevision Servilityandparrotwaysabridge. CanPersiaorArabiasucknewlife FromEuropesculture,itselfatthegraves edge? [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

AWARENESS
He,whopredictstheFateofman, Andkeepshisgazeeerfixedonsky: Suchmanisunawareoffact Thatrankofselfisveryhigh.

 Thosewhoperceivethisfactsoclear Thatdomeofskythatspinsaround, Hasnottheheightasselfofman. Boutworldhaveformedanopinion sound. Theyareawareofallthosethings Thatcharmandrepelthehumansight: Tothemalonethisfactisknown Whatblackensheart,whatrendersbright.

TheRodofMoses315 Doesnotdropgaspingontheground: Ifunwearieditremainsonwings, Fromhuntersdreadissafeandsound.

THETESTAMENTOFTIPUSULTAN
Ifyoutraversetheroadoflove, Dontyearntoseekreposeorrest: IfLaylabeyourcompanionclose Thatlittershunwithgreatcontempt. Ostreamlet,onwardflowandget Transformedtotorrentstrongand deep: Ifbankiseeronyoubestowed, Abstain,flowonwithmightysweep. Dontloseyourbearingsinthisworld Becausewithidolsitisfull: Theassemblageherecancastaspell, Disdain,orstringsofheartshallpull. GabrielonCreationsEarlyMorn, Apieceofusefulcounselgave: Hebademenotacceptaheart Enchainedbymindofmanlikeslave. Untruthconcealsinvariousmasks ButTruthandGodarebothunique: Therecantbepooltwixtgoodandbad Thisfactisknownfromtimesantique.

REFORMERSOFTHEEAST
Yourvintenershavedespairedmemuch, LikeSamri,theycancastaspell: WithemptybowlstoEasthavecome, Whattheywoulddoishardtotell. Nolightingnewcaneverflash Inlapofcloudsthatfloatinsky: Oflightningold,theirsleevesarevoid, Howcantheygainastatushigh? [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

WESTERNCULTURE
TheWesternculturedepravesbothheartand vision, Becausethesoulofthatcultureisnolonger chaste. Withacorruptedsoulonecannotexpect Tohaveacleanconscience,highthinkingand refinedtastes. [TranslatedbyMunawwarMirza]

GHAZAL
IdontbelongtoFarisorHind, ToIraqorHijazdonttracemybreed: Theselftomethismuchhastaught Spurnboththeworldsandpaynoheed. Youareaheatheninmyview Thesametoyoumayseemmycreed Tocountthebreath,yourfaithandgoal, Whilemeltingbreathmyjobanddeed. Yourchange,nodoubt,isgoodandwell, AndsoyourchangeofMuslimcreed: ThisFaithismeantformen,likehawks, Itsuitsnotpheasantsquiveringbreed. SuchpassionateLoveofGodandcraze, Inwildsandwasteshasnotcaughtmy sight, Whosemagicforceandrapturegreat, Thefaultsofreasonmaysetright.

OPENSECRETS
Anationwhoseyouthareendowed Withselfasstrongandhardassteel: Noneedofpiercingswordsinwar Suchpeoplebravecaneverfeel. TheworldofPleiadesandtheMoon Bynaturallawsischainedandbound; Whereastheworldinwhichyoudwell Ownsinsight,willandmindmuch sound. Whatdothequiveringwavesimply, Saveenormouszealandzestforquest? Whatliesconcealedinmothershell IsgiftofGodWhoknowsitbest. Thehawkisnevertiredofflight,

316CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Apoetmustneerkeepaloof Fromnoisyfretfulstreamoflife Thebard,whoshunsthefactsandtruths, Cantmakethenationfaceitsstrife. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

THELIFEOFSELFHOOD
Iftheselfisalive,evenpovertyiskingship: Theprestigeofthepennilessisnotinferiorto thatofSanjarandTughral. Iftheselfisalive,theendlessoceanis fordable; Toaliveselfthestonesofamountainaresoft likesilkencloth. Alivecrocodileisfreewhenencircledby water, Whilealifelesscrocodileisenchainedevenby thewaveinamirage. [TranslatedbySirAbdulQadir]

AWAKENING
TheTruthseekingmanwhoseselfhas awakened Islikeaswordwhichiscuttingandbrilliant. Tohiskeeneyeisvisible Thepowertoshowwhatislatentineveryatom. Tohimyoucannotbecompared: Youaretheslaveoftheheavenswhileheis theirmaster. Youhavenotyetdevelopedevenadesirefor theshore; Hehasgraspedthesecretsofthedeep throughthepurityofhissoul. 4 [TranslatedbySirAbdulQadir]

GOVERNMENT
MytalkmakesShaykhandMullahshow wrathundue, Thoughdisciplescanputupwithwhatis true. Thatraceissoondeprivedofglorious deeds, FortalkonBeingandAttributeshatred breeds. Thiscosmosoldiswroughtinsuchacast Thattavern,sakiandflaskdontforeerlast. Thatnationhastherighttoluckinlife Whoseyouthforhoneytakeworldly blowsandstrife.

UPBRINGINGOFSELFHOOD
Ifselfisbredwithperfectcare, Suchforceandstrengthitcanacquire Thathandfuldustofmanwithease Cansetuntruthsandwrongsafire. Thisisthemysteryweascribe ToMosesineveryageandclime: Hetendedthesheepinwildsandlearnt FromShoaibtotoilandmodesublime.

INDIANSCHOOL
Abouttheselfherehavenotalk,Obard, Becausewithschoolssuchsermonsdont accord. Muchgoodthatbirdsthatchirpmay notdescry, Themodesofhawk,itsstateandrank sohigh! Afreemansbreathcanmatchasubjectyear, Howslowlymovesthetimeofserfs,isclear! Thefreeperformsuchdeedsinspanof breath, Butslavesareeveryinstantproneto suddendeath. Thethoughtsofpersonsfreewithtrutharelit, Butthoughtsofslavesdonotownsenseabit.

FREEDOMOFTHOUGHT
Freethinkingcanbringbouttheruin Ofthosewhosethoughtsarelowandmean: Theydontpossessthemodeandstyle Ofthoughthatmaybechasteandclean. Ifthoughtsarerawandimmature Nogoodaccruestomaninleast: Theutmostthatsuchthoughtscando Ischangeofwantostateofbeast. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]
Tohimyoucannotbecompared,andthelast twolinesYouhavenotevenofhissoulhave beenprovidedbytheeditorssincetheywerenot translatedbySirAbdulQadir.
4

 Aslavehascrazeformarvelswrought byguides Himselfawonderlive,hismemory freshabides. Thisisthetrainingthatbefitsthemwell, Painting,musicandscienceofplantsas well.

TheRodofMoses317 TheselfofIndiansisextinct, Bypinionscleftismadedistinct Fortheyarepleasedwithprisonlife,. Tobreakthebarstheywagenostrife! Demiseofselfhasmadedivine, WhokeepsawatchonHolyShrine, Toselltherobesthatpilgrimsdon, Onsaleproceedshelivesupon.

UPBRINGING
Existenceandknowledgebotharepoles apart, Lifeburnsthesoul,whereasloremakesit smart. Joy,wealthandpowerall,toloreare due, Howirksomethattoselfityieldsno clue! Nodearthofletteredmen,ahfew!provide Thebowlwithwineofgnosisliketrueguide. Thewaysofteachersdontexpandthe heart, Matchstickcantlighttoelectriclamp impart.

HONOUREDGUEST
Themindsofthosewhogotoschool, Inthoughtsquitefreshandnewareclad: Alas!therearesuchpeoplefew Whodrawalinetwixtgoodandbad. Perhapssomeluminousthoughtmayflash Acrosstheinmostpartofheart Forsuchinspiringthoughtsonemust Setsomerecessinheartapart.

MODERNAGE
Wherefromamancanfind Ripethoughtsinpresentage? Theweatherofthispark Noripenesscanpresage. Theseatsoflearninggive Themindofpupilsscope: Butleavethethoughtsofyouth Unlinkedbythreadorrope. TheloveofGodisdead ByunbeliefmongFranks: Throughlackoflinkinthoughts, Eastshackleswearsonshanks. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

FOULANDFAIR
Justlikethestarsthatshineinazuresky, Thoughtshaveshortspanoflifeandsoon theydie. Therealmofselfhasitsupsand downs, Evenhere,theFairandFoulexchange theirfrowns. Ifselfhasreachedtheheight,itsactsare fine, Debased,itsdeedsasgoodonecant define.

ASTUDENT
Godbringyouacquaintedwithsomestorm! Nobillowinyourseabreakinfoam, Andneverfrombookscanyoubeweaned Whichyoudeclaim,notcomprehend. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

DEATHOFTHEEGO
DevoidtheWestofinnerlight, Hersoulisstruckwithdeadlyblight ThelossofselfhasmadetheEast Aleper,forgermsbefittingfeast. TheArabshavelosttheirformerzeal, Theirsoulsareshrunk,theycannot feel; IraqandPersiaarebereft Ofbonesandveinsandnaughtisleft!

EXAMINATION
Thusmountainstreamtopebblespake, Thislowlystateforheightyoutake. Youaretreaduponandsufferdeal, Hownice!myneedtheriversfeel.

318CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Youneverclashedagainstawall, Dontknow,astoneorglasstocall. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

GHAZAL
Thatmanaloneinlifeshallfind Toaimandendacertainsign: Whoseeyesinpitchdarknightcansee, Andliketheeyesofpanthershine. Theslavescangetreposeandrest InworldconfinedbyTimeandSpace; Butmenofhighandnoblebirth Haventleisureinworldlyrace. TheprogressgreatthatWesthasmad Hasbedazzledyoureyesadeal: MayProphetguardyourprecioussight, TovouchhimGoddidNajmreveal! Theserevelsdonotlastforlong, Likegueststheystayforabreathorso; Thebowlsofwinethatglintlikestars, Aresoondeprivedofglossandglow. Thebookshavemarredyourtasteandzest Tosuchagreatandvastextent, Thatbreezeofmornhasalsofailed Togiveyouclueofroseandscent!

THESCHOOLS
Thisagethatswithusisyourangelofdeath, Itsbreadandbuttercarescatchyoursouls breath. Yourheartrecoilsfromshockofcombat;life Isdeath,thatdeadensinmenthejoyofstrife. Learningestrangedyoufromsuchexaltation Aswouldnotletmansminddesertits station; AfalconseyeswereyoursbyNaturesright, Slavishnessleftthemonlyapoorwrenssight, Andtheschoolshidfromthemthose mysteries Thatyieldtohillsanddesertsstillassize. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

NIETZSCHE
ThesubtlepointthatGodisone, TheGermansagecouldnotperceive: Clearsightandmindarebothamust, Sothatthispointonemayconceive. Theflightsoffancy,likeadart, Canhitthedomeofazuresky: Hecastshisnooseonmoonandsun Thatseemsofaraboveandhigh. Althoughhisnaturalbentofmind Fromstainsandblemishisquitefree; Hissoulthisdormantfactbetrays, Heyearnsforliferepletewithspree.

RELIGIONANDEDUCATION
Iknowthemodesofthosewhoguidethe creed, Thoughlackingtruth,ofvisionboastindeed. TheteachingthattheEnglishhave devised Gainstfaithandtieshasgreatintrigue contrived. Thatraceisdoomedtobondageandmuch pain, Whichjusticeforitsegocantattain. ThefaultsofonemanNaturecanreprieve, Butgroupsforcrimesnopardoncan receive.

TEACHERS
Ifyoudesiretobreedsuchrubywhichisred, Dontbeglightofsunthatfromcoursehas fled. Theworldistrappedbytraditionsold andhoar, Preceptorshelplessquite,candono more. Thosewhodeservedtoleadthemodern age, Havewornoutbrainsandothersholdthe stage.

TOJAVID
(1) Thepresentagedestroysthefaithandcreed, Likepaganshasabentofmindindeed. Thethresholdofasaintishigherfar Thancourtofworldlykingormighty Czar.

 Itisaperiodfullofmagicart, Withspellsostrongallplaytheirpart. Thefountandsourceoflifeisparched anddry, Nomorethewineofgnosiscansupply. Theshrinesareemptyofsuchsaintlyfolk, Whoseglancegoodmannerstaughtwith singlestroke. Thehouse,yourpresenceillumeslikea lamp, Hasmystictrendinveinsandbearsits stamp. IfessenceofGodsOnenessbeinheart, TheloreofFrankscancausenoharmor smart. Onrosetwigschirp,forlongtheredo notrest, Inselfhoodyoumustseekyourhome andnest. Amanisoceanthatisvastandfree, Itseverydropisliketheboundlesssea. Ifpeasantisnotcharmedwithlifeof ease, Aseedcanyieldathousandfold increase. Idontsitlikesluggardsandindulgein play, Itistimeforyourcraftandskillsdisplay. (2) IfheartwithloveofGodisnotreplete, Thelifeofmanremainsquiteincomplete. Ifquarryiswiseacuteandbold, Itcannotbetrappedbyhuntersold. TheFountofLifeinwordlylifeisfound, Providedyouhaveathirstquitetrueand sound. YourenvyforFaithismysticcourse indeed, Forgrowthoffaqralotofzealyou need. Mydarlingson,Iseenochanceatall Thathawkwillliketoturnapheasantsthrall. Thereisnodearthofgoods,called verseorrhyme, Therearehundredsofpoetsmuch sublime. Myreachandmightinworldisthisalone

TheRodofMoses319 ThatneaththeroofIcry,complainand groan. InspeakingtruthIammuchboldand frank, IneyesofmenIholdaloftyrank. Asoncannotacquirehissiresrenown, UnlessHisgracebyMightyLordisshown. Nizami,thepoetgreatofPersian tongue, Gavecounselwisetosonwhostillwas young: Onoccasionswhereyourgreatnessmust prevail Yourlineagetherewontbeofmuch avail. (3) ThedaysandnightsaMuslimstoilsenhance: Bothcreedandrulearelikeagameofchance. Mendrunkwithzealfordeeds nowherearefound, Therestarefondoftalkwithidle sound. Ifyouhavecouragegreatandampleforce, SeeksuchfaqrwhichinHijazhasitssource. Thisbrandoffaqrsuchvirtuesgreat cangrant Thatmakeman,likeGod,freefrom everywant. Hishawklikestatuscanspreadgeneraldeath Ofsparrows,pigeonsallinsinglebreath. Theglanceofmindbyitsmeansburns andblazes Withoutcollyriumbeggedfrom AvicennaandRhazes. IftemperofAyazisfreefromeveryslavish trend, LikeMahmudcanwingrandeurwhichhasnt end. YourworldsSarafilhasneithertaste norzeal, Hecantblowtrumpetnorcanskill reveal. Itsglanceaworldwidetumultcaninspire, Inobscuremodesetsrightthethingsentire. AwarriorwhocanthisJealousFaqr attain,

320CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Withoutswordandlancegreat conquestshecangain. Itsetsthefaithfulfreefromneedand want, BegGodthatsuchfaqrtoyouHemay grant. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah] Heartsmirror,butisblear. Whenzealandzestforsight exceedtheirgreatestheight, Thoughtssoartohighestpoint Andsoonareoutofjoint. Thatvernaldropofrain Thestateofpearlcantgain Ifdestinednottodwell, Inlapofmothershell. Retreatisblessedstate Boutselfgivesknowledgegreat: Alas!thisstatedivine, Isntfoundinfaneorshrine.

WOMAN
THEFRANKISHMAN
Tosolvethisriddlethinkershavemuchtried, Theireffortsallsofarithasdefied. Nodoubt,towomansfaithand conductclear, ThePleiadesandmoondowitness bear. ThisviceinFrankishwayoflifewefind, Menfoolsandblind,cantreadawomans mind. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

WOMAN
Thepicturethatthisworldpresents Fromwomangetsitstintsandscents: Sheisthelyrethatcanimpart Pathosandwarmthtohumanheart. Herhandfulclayissuperiorfar ToPleiadesthatsohigherare Foreverymanwithknowledgevast, Likegemoutofhercaskiscast. LikePlatocannotholddiscourse, Norcanwiththunderousvoicedeclaim: ButPlatowasasparkthatbroke Fromherfirethatblazedlikeflame.

AQUESTION
AskthewisemenofEurope,whohavehung TheirringinthenoseofGreeceand Hindostan: Isthistheircivilizationshighestrung Achildlesswomanandajoblessman? [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

EMANCIPATIONOFWOMEN
Iknowquitewellthatonedespoils, Whileotherislikecandysweet: Icannotgiveaverdicttrue WhichneedsofQuestcanfullymeet. Iliketomakenomoreremark Andearnthewrathofpresentage: Alreadythesonsofmoderncult Gainstmearefullofireandrage. Theinsightownedbywomancan Thissubtlepointwitheasereveal: Constrainedandhelpless,wiseandsage, Withknottypointtheycannotdeal. Itisanuphilltasktojudge Whatismoreprecious,lendsmuch grace: Emancipationforfairsexoraught, Oremeraldwroughtsuperbnecklace?

VEIL
Greatchangetheloftysphereshavemet, OGod!theworldhasnotbudgedasyet. Inmanandwifeisnocontrast, Theylikeseclusionandholditfast. ThesonsofAdamstillwearthemask, Butselfhasntpeepedoutofthecasque.

SOLITUDE
Muchgreedforshowandfame Hasputthisagetoshame: Theglanceisbrightandclear,

TheRodofMoses321

PROTECTIONOFTHEWEAKERVESSEL
Afactaliveisinmybreastconcealed, Hecanbeholdwhosebloodisnotcongealed. Towearaveilandlearnnewloreor old, Cantguardfairsexexceptaperson bold. Anationwhichcantseethistruthdivine, Palegrowsitssonandsoonbeginsdecline.

LITERATUREANDFINE ARTS
RELIGIONANDCRAFTS
Music,religion,politics,knowledge,art Haveallintheirpossessionmatchlesspearls. Theyemanatefromthemindofacreature madeofdust, Buthigherthanthestarsistheirabode. Iftheyprotecttheego,theyarelifeitself; Iftheycannot,theyaremeremagicandfalse tales. Peoplehavecometogriefunderthesky Whenevertheirreligionandtheirliterature Havebeendivorcedfromegohood. [TranslatedbyM.HadiHusain]

EDUCATIONANDWOMEN
IfFrankishcultureblightsthemotherlyurge, Forhumanraceitmeansafuneraldirge. Thelorethatmakesawomanloseher rank Isnaughtbutdeathineyesofwiseand frank. Ifschoolsforgirlsnoloreimpartoncreed, ThenloreandcraftsforLovearedeath indeed. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

CREATION
Newworldsderivetheirpomp Fromthoughtsquitefreshandnew Fromstonesandbricksaworld Wasneitherbuiltnorgrew. Thefirmresolveofthose, Whodepthsofselfexplore, Transformsthisstreamtosea Thathasnomargeorshore. Thefellowsameislord Offreaksoffateandstrife, Whowitheerybreathhedraws Createsaneternallife. Thedeathofselfhasmade ThelandsofEasteffete: MenwhoGodssecretsshare Intheserealmsaredeplete. Theairofwastegivesout Thesmelloffriendshipdeep Perhapstheremaybesome Whomaymycompanykeep.

WOMAN
Thespiritofmancandisplayitsselfwithout obligationtoanother, Butthespiritofwomancannotfullyrevealits selfwithoutanothershelp. Herdesireisthesecretofherfeverofsorrow: Herexistenceisfulloffirewiththewishto create. Hereisthefirewhichopensthesecretsoflife; Thatistheheatwhichsustainsthestruggle betweentobeandnottobe. Itoofeelsadabouttheoppressionofwomen, Butthisknottyproblemcannotberesolved. [TranslatedbytheEditors] 5

MADNESS
Poetsandpriestlyclassdenoteandshow Theshopsofthosewhoblowtheglass. Whatpity!themadfrequentsthewildsand lanes

BasedonatranslationbySirAbdulQadir.

322CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Tosmashtheseshops,thiswayhedoesnot pass. Fewknowthatmadnesscanwithease display Amyriadcrafts,accomplishmentsand skill, Providedonecancompletelyweanitof Thewastesanddeserts,fromgorgeand hill. Theconcourseaswellastheairofschool Accordwithitandtickleitssenseofjoy: Aslonelysiteandhauntforhimarent must, Atschoolheneverfeelscastdownorcoy. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

VISION
TheSpringhascomewithtulipswild, Theyseemlikecarvansonthemove: Theyouth,theircharmandecstaticjoy Ofcolossalworthandvalueprove. Theseathathasnoboundormarge, Andazureskythatseemssohigh, Whenpitchdarknighthasupperhand, Theygleamandglintlikestarsinsky. Hownicethebridelikemoonappears, Whiletouringskyinvanofnight! Atmorn,thesunpresentsascene Muchgrandinskysoblueandbright. Onemusthaveeyestoseethesesights Whichviewitheachinbloomandgrace: ForNatureisnotwonttosell Thecharmappearingonherface.

TOMYPOEM
Imustcomplainofyourselfflauntingairs Mysecrets,whenyougounveiled,liebare. Insteadoffloatinglikeatruantspark, Seekoutthefastnessofsomeglowingheart! [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

MIGHTOFISLAMMOSQUE
NownaughtremainsinMuslimsbreast, Hisheartdevoidofglintandglow: HeavowedwithzealNoGodbutHe, Butdeadandcoldthezealforshow. TheMuslimsstatehassodeclined ThatNaturefailstoknowatsight, BecausetheslavishactsofAyaz HaveputMahmudshighrankin plight. YouhavewithstoodtheruinofTime Andkeptyourgroundasfirmasrock. ConstrainthasturnedtheMuslimsweak, Youputthemalltoshameandshock. TheworshipofsuchMuslimssuits Yourstructureimmenseandsovast, WhowithonebreaththatGodisGreat Findtruthandliesawaycast. TheMuslimsbreastisquitebereft Ofpreviousheatandardourstrong: Hisblessings,worshiparedevoid Ofinnateheatandfretsincelong. Hiscalltoprayerisdevoid Ofloftytonesandgrandeurgreat; OGod,letthisbeknowntohim, Willyoulethimforeyouprostrate?

LITERATURE
NowLovefrommindmusttakethelead, ByGodbestowedonhumanrace: Todearoneslaneitmustnotgo Andbringwithhasteonheaddisgrace. Lovemustinfusenewsoulinold Poeticmouldsandchangetheircourse, Orbreakthechainsofantiquesoul, Setitfreefrommimeticforce. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

PARISMOSQUE
Whatshouldmyeyes,butanarchitects Nimbleness,seeinthisshrine OftheWest?ItknowsnothingofGod. Mosque?theFrankishillusionists Havesmuggledintothecarcass Ofashrine,anidolhallssoul! Andwhobuiltthispalaceofidols? Thesamerobberswhosehandshaveturned Damascusintoadesert. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

TheRodofMoses323 (3) Ashamelessrayasproudashourisglance Bereftofrest,likemercuryeeratdance, Imploredthesuntoletitspreadits light TilleverymoteofEastgrowslustrous bright. ThedarksurroundingsofHinditwontforsal Tillnativessunkinslumberdonotwake. ThehopesofOrientonthisregion hinge, ThetearsthatIqbalshedsonit impinge. ThemoonandPleiadesgetlightfromthis land, Itsstonesarecostlierthangemsofpurest brand. Ithasproducedmenwhohidsensecan see, Withutmosteasecancrosstheswollen sea. Theharpwhosemusicwarmthtogathering lent Theplectrumalieniswithforcequitespent. TheBrahmanguardsthefaneand sleepsatgate, TheMusliminmosquesnichebewails hisfate. DontshuntheEast,norlookonWestwith scorn, SinceNatureyearnsforchangeofnightto morn.

THEATRE
Yourbeingssanctumgets Fromselfitsinnerlight: Savezealandfirmresolve Naughtcanmakelifeeerbright. Itsrankishigherthan ThePleiadesandthemoon: Youressenceanditsgifts Areegosgreatestboon. Godsavethatalienself Seekshelterinyourshrine! Thecreedofidolsshun, Dontdesecratehousedivine. Forgetfulnessofself Importstheheightofart, Butwiththelossofself Bothjoyandwarmthdepart.

RAYOFHOPE
Thesunconveyedthismessagetoitsrays Whatwondergreat,thechangeofnightsand days! Youhavebeenramblingsinceaeonsin space, Buthateamongmenisincreasingpace. Toshineonsandaffordsnopleasuresound, Norpeace,likebreezeinmakingflowers round. Belostinfountoflightthatgaveyou birth, Forsakethepark,thewaste,theroof andearth. (2) Theraysrisefromeverynookofspace, Makehastetotakethesuninfondembrace. Loudroarpersists,therecantbelight inWest, ForsmokemakesWestenrobedinable vest. ThoughEastisnotbereftofinnerlight, YetquietoftombprevailslikeCelestial Height. Osunthatlighttheworldkeepusin mind, Hideusinbreastsobrightandkind.

HOPE
WithcouragegreatawarIwage Gainstevilsofthepresentage: Idonotbearafightersname, TochieftainshipIlaynoclaim. Iamnotconsciousboutthisfact Ifitisverseorothertact: Godhasbestowedonmesincelong Hispraise,reflection,charmandsong. Thefloodoflightthatmakesitsshow OntrueandfaithfulMuslimsbrow: Withgrandeursameisquitereplete Thatfillsbeingssoulandmakescomplete. Youdonotcallitunbelief,

324CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Nolessitisthandisbelief: Thattruthfulmanmaygetcontent IWithtoday,forchangeshownointent. Dontgrieve,formillenniumsandaeons more Stilllieaheadformaninstore: Theeverspinningheavenblue Isnotdevoidofplanetsnew.

GHAZAL
Ofearlesswave,atbed Ofrivergemsarefound. Whatarethegiftsofcoast? Theredustandthornsabound. Thetemperoflightningflash Thatdarts,mysparkcontains, Butstillyourbedofreeds Ismoistandsapretains. Theageinwhichyoulive Isinfluencedbyyou: Tospheresthateverspin, Itcannowaybedue. Ihavecomecrossinlife Menwithsuchcrazeandpluck; Theycoulddarnwithmuchease TherentsproducedbyLuck. Thatmanistoperfine, Whoowes,nodebttowine: Suchmenareveryfew, Theyraisenocryorhue. TheEasthastavernsstill Whereyoucanfindsuchwine, Whichmakesperceptiondull Withgrandeurgleamandshine. Menwithvisionbright ForWesthavehopesoslight: TheheartsofWestarentchaste Foractionsgoodhaventtaste.

EAGERGLANCE
Contentsofsoulthisworldcannotconceal, Foreverymotehaslongingtoreveal: Thecourseoflifesomewhatdistinctappears, Ifeagerlooksandsightbecomecornpeers. Themembersofasubjectrace Bydintofglance,itsglossandgrace, Haveacquiredtherightandclaim Toruleandgetrenownandfame. Theglancehasmighttocausedefeat, Ithasthestrength,itsfoestobeat: Weseethroughglancegreatcharmandgrace, Itbringstheloversfacetoface. Throughselfsameglancemycraze imparts Tomotesandtheirmostinnerparts, Thewontandmodeofwandering tramps, Whopaynoheedtoneedofcamps. Ifferventglanceandvisionkeen Youhavenotmetoreverseen; Yourbeingisasourceofshame Onheart,andsightcanbringablame. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

BEING
Oman,yourstayandshowbeneaththesky, Isshortandbrief,likespark,thatpartsfrom flame: Whocanmakemandetectthisfactsoclear Thatbeingofmanenjoyshighrankand name? Ifcraftsmanshipofmanisquitedevoid Ofgiftandtacttheselftoformand frame, Alas!suchartandmusicoftheflute Arenaughtbutsourceofmuch disgraceandshame. Schoolsandtavernscannomoralsteach

TOTHEARTISTS
Sun,moonandJupitershinetheirhour; Yourselfburnson,fedbyLovespower. Yourcreedknowsnothingofraceorhue: Nocreditinwhiteorblack,orblue! Whereselfhooddroops,doubtsfightdingdong; Whereitbloomsaworldofverseandsong! Ifyoursoulrotunderslaverysblight, Yourartanidolaterssoullessrite; Ifsenseofyourowngreatnessswayyou, LegionsofmenandJinnobeyyou! [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

 Savethefactthatyoudonotexist: Learntobeforyoutooareafact, Besides,youregothusshalllongsubsist.

TheRodofMoses325

THEPYRAMIDSOFEGYPT
Thequietenvironsofthiswaste Whoseintenseheatscaldstheheart: Informingonlydunesofsand NaturehasdisplayeditsArt. Thegrandeurofthesepyramids Putsloftyheavenstodisgrace Whathanddidbuild,designand frame, Theyseemattiredinlastinggrace? Setyourcraftsmanshipquitefree FromNatureschainsthatbindittight Formenendowedwithgiftofcraft Arentprey,ofhuntersneednofright.

MELODY
Whencedoesthezestofliquorcome Inmournfultuneofhollowreed: Isitsmainspringtheplayersheart, Ordoesitfromthepipeproceed? Whatisthesourceofheartsgreatmight, Whereforetoraptureitisprone: Howdoesittopplewithaglance ThefirmandmightyAchamenian throne? Whydoestheheartbestowfreshlife Onnationsonvergeofdecline: Whydoitsstateshaveconstantchange, Arepointsthatnoonecandivine? Whyisitthatineyesofman OnwhomGodhasbestowedaheart, TherealmsofSyria,RomeandRayy Arefakeeffectsinthemart? Thedaytheminstrelgraspsthispoint Whichishidindepthsofheart, Takeitforgranted,youhavetraversed Allthestagesrequiredbyart.

CREATIONSOFART
Thecraftsmenbytheirtacthavebuilt SuchworksthatEdenjealousmake: Theeyesendowedwithsightcansee Stateshidthatstirtheheartandrake. Thereisnoselfnorusualchange Ofmornandnightatallisfound TheMuslimshavegotridentire Ofcombatsandshunsucharound. Ali!theinfidelpoorstill Payshomagetohisidolsold Thoughtheirbrokenstateheknows, Yetonhimtheyretaintheirhold. Youareacorpseandyourart Theleaderofyourfuneralrite Inpitchdarkbedroomofthegrave, Oflifethefellowcatchessight.

BREEZEANDDEW
BREEZE

Icouldnotfindaccesstotracts Wherestarslikependentlampsdoshine: Tearingvestoftulipsandtherose Wasmainandforemostdutymine. Ifeelaninnerurgesogreat Tobidfarewelltohomeanddepart: Forjoyfulsongsofnightingale, Nozealorzesttomeimpart. Odew,Godswillhasmadeyouknow Fullwell,bothparkandheavenshigh: Whatismorepreciousinyoureyes, Thedustofparkordomeofsky?
DEW

IQBAL
InEdenSinaitoRumitold ThatpeoplelivingintheEast, Stilleattheirbreadandbeansfrombegging cups Theyhavenotmadeprogressleast. Hallajrelatesthatthusatlast AmaninIndiahasappeared, Whowitheffortsfirmandstrong, Thewebsthathidtheselfhascleared. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

Ifthornsandstrawsofworldlymead Tocauseatensioninyoufail, Thenbearinmind,thislonelypark, Forheavensdomeislikeaveil.

326CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal

FINEARTS
Opeoplewithobservingeyes, Atasteforobservationisagoodthings,but Whatgoodisobservationifitdoesnotsee Theinwardnessofthings? Theaimofartshouldbetogenerate Avitalflamethatneverdies. Whatuseisameremomentaryspark? Whatgood,Oraindrop,ifyoudonotagitate Thebosomofthesea, Andarecontenttobe Apearllodgedinamotherofpearlswomb? Whatgoodabreathofmorningbreeze, Whetheraspoetsverseorsingersair, Ifitcanonlymakethegardenwilt? Oneverwithoutmiraclesdopeoplerise; Whatgoodisartthatdoesnothave TheimpactoftherodofMoses? [TranslatedbyM.HadiHusain]

Wheredoesthecauseortumultslie? Heknowstheworldofrequitalwell, Hismaximswithmuchwisdomswell, Opinionboutworldyoucanderive, Adamdead,Satanstillalive!

RUMI
Yourhalfshuteyesstillfailtosee Whatsubtlefactthislifemaybe. Toomeektohaveafondlingwill, Devoidofqiamyourworshipstill. ForsongsofRumiyouhaventearssharp, Snappedthestringsofyourselfsharp.

NEWNESS
Ifyoubeholdtheworldwithgazemuch bright, Ofyoutheskymaybegmorninglight. Thesunmaybeglightfromgleamof yourspark YourLuckmayshine,frommoons brow,mark! Theseamayswellwithlustrouswavesof gems, Putworldtoshamewithartthatfromyou stems. Youbegandborrowthoughtsofothers brains, Findapproachtoself,donttakemuch pains!

DAWNINTHEGARDEN
FLOWER

Perhapsyoufancied Mylandisfaroff,skyherald! No,itisnotfar.

DEW

Butonlylaboringwings Proveearthnotfarfromheaven!
DAWN

MIRZABEDIL
Isitafactordelusionmere Whichhasbeencausedbyerringeye: Doearth,hills,desertsvastexist, Andisthereanyazuresky? Someaverthattheydoexist, Whereassomecalltheirbeinguntrue; OGod,itisveryhardtofind Totruthorfalsehoodcertainclue. Bedilresolvedthistangledknot Withsomuchskillandmannernice, Thoughsagesandwisemenofthepast Toundothisskeinhadnodevice. Ifheartofmanwerevastenough, Thismeadwouldhaveretainedno trace

Softlyasmorning, Nottramplingitsdewdroppearls, Enterthisgarden. Clasphillanddesert,yetstill Catchinyourhandstheskysrobe. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

KHAQANI
Khaqani,theauthorofTuhfatularaqain, Isdeartothosewhotruthscanscan. Hiswisdomissosharpandkeen, Fromtruthshecanremovethescreen. Withworldofmeaningsheisfree: Theydarenotsayyoucannotsee. Askhimwhatdoesthisworldimply,

 Somewinehasoverflowedthebrim, Becausetheflaskhadnarrowspace.

TheRodofMoses327 OGod,youshalllastandthecry GodisGreat,utteredwithmuchforce. Thesongthatjuristsoftheself Deemlawfulintheirmysticcreed, Hasbeenexpectingsincealong Abard,whocanacquitindeed.

GRANDEURANDGRACE
WithHydersmightandbrawn Ifeelmyselfcontent Iwishyoujoyofwit, ToyoubyPlatolent. Thisisthecharmandgrace Inviewofmineandsight Thatheavenstooprostrate Beforemuchmainandmight. Withoutgreatmajesticheight Graceisnotofmuchuse: Songismerepuffofbreath, Ifrapturecantproduce. Iwouldnotgotohell Whosefireisdullandtame: Tosufferformysins Ilikearearingflame.

UNLAWFULMUSIC
Myremembrancelacksthewarmth Andzealthatmysticsoftattain: Mythoughtisnotascaleatall Fordeedsdeservingneedorpain. Iwishthatjuristofthetown, WhoknowstherulesthatProphet taught AndisadeptatBookrevealed, Tomyownpointofviewbebrought. Ifinthemusicoritsstrains Themessageofdeceaseishid Suchmusicofharp,reedandlute Inviewofmineisquiteforbid.

THEPAINTER
Thedeathoffancyissowidelyspread ThatmenofPersandIndbyFranksareled. IfeelsadthatBehzadsofmoderntime HavelostEastsrapturesweetandjoy sublime. Oartist,ofyourtalentsIcantell, Youknowtheancientcraftsandnewsowell. Youhaveportrayedmanyanaturalsight, DisplayyourselfinNaturesmirrorbright.

FOUNTAIN
Toowntheflowofbrook Andmeanderontheearth Ingazeofminehasntcharm Andcantendowwithmirth. Odearyoungman,divert Abitasideyoureye: Thewaterofthefount Byinnateforcesurgeshigh.

LAWFULMUSIC
Thebassandtrebleofminstrelssong Muchjoytohumanheartimparts: Whatistheuseofpleasurethat Iseeronwingsandsoondeparts? Thatmelodioussongisstillunborn Andisconcealedinheavensbreast, Whoseintenseheatmaytransform Thesolidstarstoliquidform. Asongthatmayhavesuchresults Whichsetmenfreefromgriefandpain, AndmakesAyazbreakslavishoAndlearn likekingstoruleandreign. Perplexingmazeofmoonandstars Mayflopdown,leavetheircourse:

THEPOET
InlandsofEast,thebedofreeds Forpipe,thebreathofminstrelneeds; Opoet,letmethismuchknow, Ifyouhavebreathinbreast,orno? Ifnationsselfgrowstoomuchweak Bychainsofbondageandmuchmeek, ItneednothearthePersianstrains, Forthesewillonlyaddtopains. Ifflaskofglassshinesliketheday, Orisapitchermadefromclay: Likesharpnessofaswordofsteel Topalatemustitsrelishfeel. Thereisnolandorhomeonearth Beneaththisspinningazuredome,

328CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Whereonewithoutgreatstressand strain ThethronesofJamandKaimaygain. OnLoveswaynumerousMountsSinai appear GodmanifestsHimselfsoclear, MaystageofLoveforeverlast Andmaynotcometoendtoofast! [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah] Inmidstofsurgingthrong, Hekeepsaloofforlong: Likelamp,helightsthehall, Buthasnotmateatall. Faqrcanlikesunofmorn Withlightthemeadadorn: Itsspeechisfrankandfree, Thoughmeaningstenuousbe. Itsviewsvarywiththerest, Itdeemsthemrightandbest; Itsinnateslatesunknown Tomysticswithrenown.

PERSIANPOETRY
ThePersianMuseismirthsomeandheart easing, Nowhetstonefortheswordedgeoftheself. Betterthesongbirdofthedawnbestill, Thanbyhernoteslullflowerlandinto languor. Whatusethepatientaxethathewsthrough mountains YetleavesParvezandhisproudthrone unscathed? Thisisanage,Iqbal,forcravingflint: Fromallglasswarestheyshowyou,turnaway.

NEWWORLD
DecreesofFatearenotconcealed Frommanwhoseheartthrobbingseems: HeseestheimageofnewWorld Inslumberousstate,duringdreams. Whenprayercallatearlymorn TransportshimtoMorpheusdomain, Hetriestobuildtheworldbeheld Withutmostmightandutmostmain. Thebodyofthedreamtofworld Ismadefromhishandfulclay: GodisGreat!hissloganshrillthatcan Theroleofsoulfornewworldplay.

INDIASARTISTS
Theiropinionsburyloveandenthusiasm, Intheirdarkideasisthetombofnations. Intheirtemplestheycarvesymbolsofdeath, TheartofsuchBrahminsisdisgustedwith life. Theyconcealhighgoalsfromview; Theyputthespirittoslumberandawakenthe body. ThesensesofthepoorIndianpoets,painters Andliterarywritersareobsessedbywoman. [TranslatedbyJanMarek]

INVENTIONOFNEWMEANINGS
ItisagiftbyGodbestowed Tocoinfreshwordswithmeaningsnew; Yetskilfulartistmustworkhard, Asinborntrendisownedbyfew. Itistheheatinmasonsblood Whobuildsstructuresofvariousforms: ItmaybeBehzadspicturehall, OrhouseofwinewhereHafizcharms. Withoutresorttoincessantstrife Noskillorartcompletiongains: IfFarhaddoesnothewtherocks, Nosparksflash,darkhishouseremains!

THEGREATMAN
Hiscontempthasnobound HisLovesdepthnonecansound: HiswrathonmenofGod Istemperedinmannerodd. Nurturedinmimicrysgloom, Totreadlikesheephisdoom; Butheismuchinclined Tocreativebentofmind.

MUSIC
Asongthatfailstomakeyourface Glimmerandglowwithjoyandglee, Showsthatminstrelsbloodiscold, Hisheartofheatandwarmthisfree. Thatplayerontheflutewhohas

 Aconsciencemuchdefiled,impure, Withpuffofbreathcanmakeatune Repletewithpoisonwhichhasntcure. IhavevisitedthemeadsinEast AndWest,wheretulipsparksadorn; ButIhavenotbeheldapark Wheretulipshavetheircollarstorn.

TheRodofMoses329 Whereasplaintsbreedmoreguileand groan. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

DANCING
ToEuropeleavethedanceofserpentlimb: Theprophetspowerisbornofthespirits dance. Thatbreedsthecravingflesh,thesweating palm, Thisbreedtheraceofpilgrimandprince. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

ZESTFORSIGHT
HowloftywasthatChinesesself Whoforcrimewascondemnedtodeath. Oneveofhisbeheading,he Askedheadsman,Stopforaspanofbreath! Heaskedforstoppagemanytimes, Foritwasverypleasantscene: Hewishedtoseeformomentsfew Theswordsgreatglimmer,glowand sheen. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

POLITICSOFTHEEAST ANDTHEWEST
COMMUNISM
Fromwontandwaysofnationsall ThesefactssoclearwitheaseIlearn, TheRussiansseemtobeinhaste Togainthegoalforwhichtheyyearn. Theworldisredtipwiththemodes Thatarentinvogueandareoutworn; Myintellect,thatwastameandmild Muchpertandinsolenthasgrown. Thesemysterieswhichthegreedofman Hadkeptinveilsofstuffsocoarse Arestepbystepemergingnow Andcomingforthbydintofforce. OMuslim,divedeepintheBook, WhichwasrevealedtoProphetsSeal; MayGod,bygraceonyoubestow Politeness,forgooddeedsmuchzeal! Thefactconcealedinwordssofar, Spendwhatissurplusandisspare, Maycometolightinmodernage Andmakethemeaningsclearandbare. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

VERSE
Idonotknowthemysteriesofpoetry. Thispoint,however,isclearfromthenations history. Thatpoetrywhichisamessageofeternallife IsGabrielssongorIsrafilstrumpetcall. [TranslatedbyM.HadiHusain]

DANCEANDMUSIC
ThesoulsofSatanandGabrieltoo Fromversederiveeffulgencestrong, Fordanceandmusicbothprovide Pathosandraptureforthethrong. AChinesesagehasthusdisclosed Thesecretsimpliedinthisart: Asifverseismusicssoul Anddanceperformsbodyspart.

DISCIPLINE
Itisthemodeofworldlymen Againsttheworldtowhineandgroan; Itdoesnotsuitadervishtrue, ByFateinflictedwoundstomoan. Thewiseoldmanexplainedtome, Thissubtlepointinclosetalone: Thatcontrolonselfdaringshows,

330CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal

THEVOICEOFKARLMARX
Yourchessmatchofresearchanderudition Yourcomedyofdebateanddisputation! Theworldhasnomorepatiencelefttowatch Thiscomedyofthreadbarespeculation. Whatafterall,sapienteconomists, Istobefoundinyourbiblification? Acomedyofyournicelyflowingcurves, AsortofBarmecidalinvitation. IntheidolatrousshrinesoftheOccident, Itspulpitsanditsseatsofeducation, Greedanditsmurderouscrimesaremasked under Yourknavishcomedyofcerebration.

EUROPEANDTHEJEWS
Unbridledluxury,Statepompandpride, Richcommerce;buttodwellinside Thatlamplessbreastalltranquilthoughts refuse. Darkisthewhitemanscountrywiththe grime Ofengines,novalleythatmightsee Splendourdescendingonaburningtree; Acivilizationsickbeforeitsprime, Atitsleastgaspleavingmaybe ForcaretakersofChristendom,theJews. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

REVOLUTION
DeathtomanssoulisEurope,deathisAsia Tomanswill;neitherfeelsthevitalcurrent. Inmensheartsstirarevolutionstorrent; Maybeouroldworldisnearingdeath.

THEPSYCHOLOGYOFSLAVES
Therearepoets,therearescholars,andthere aresages Anationsdaysofslaveryarenotuneventful! Buteveryoneofthempoorcreatures!has asinglegoal, Thougheachisuniqueintheideashe expounds: Betterteachtheliontotakeflightlikeadeer, Sothatthelegendofthelionscourageis forgotten! Theyseektomaketheslavesfeelateasewith theirslavery, Pretendingtoexpoundandreasonthings out. [TranslatedbyMustansirMir]

FLATTERY
TheversedinthisworldsbusinessIamnot, Thereareshrewdfolkwhoalwaysknow whatswhat. Swimwiththetide,flatterTheirExcellencies Ofthenewdispensationthatcommences! Woulditbemorevicarious,orpolite, Iwonder,tocallanowlthefalconofthe night?

GOVERNMENTJOBS
Onehermitseyesgrewwetwithwatching howyoufell, PoorMuslim,underEnglandsspell. Godgiveyoujoyofthosehighoffices,totaste Whosesweetsyoulaidyourownsoul waste! Buttheresathingyoucannot,tryasyouwill, disguise Fromanyknowingpairofeyes: NoslaveisgivenapartnershipinEnglands reign Sheonlywantstobuyherbrain.

BOLSHEVIKRUSSIA
UnsearchablyGodsedictsmove;whoknows Whatthoughtsarestirringupdeepinthe worldmind! Thoseareappointedtopulldown,wholately Helditsalvationtoprotect,thepriests; OngodlessRussiathecommanddescends: SmitealltheBaalsandDagonsoftheChurch!

TODAYANDTOMORROW
Noclaimtothefuture,itsjoyorsorrow, Hasheinwhosesoulnohotpassionburns now; Unworthythetumultandstrifeoftomorrow Thatnationtowholewilltodaydoesnotbow.

TheRodofMoses331

THEEAST
Thepoppyheardmysongandtoreher mantle; Themorningbreezeisstillindearchofa garden. IlllodgedinAtaturkorRezaShah, ThesouloftheEastisstillinsearchofabody. ThisthingIammaymeritchastisement; Onlytheworldisstillinsearchofagibbet.

TOTHEEGYPTIANS
NoneotherthantheSphinx,theDreadOne, lord Ofthesecretsofoldtimes,taughtmethis: Strength Thatinonehourcanswervethefatesof nations Admitsnopuzzlingintellectforrival, Thoughmanyineachageareits manifestations NowMosesrod,andnowMuhammads sword.

STATESMANSHIPOFTHEFRANKS
Thyrival,God!TheFrankishstatecraftis, Thoughnonebutrichandgreatjoininits worship. OnesoleArchfienddidstThoufromflame make:it Hasformedfromdusttwohundredthousand fiends. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

ABYSSINIA
(18thAugust,1935) ThosevulturesoftheWesthaveyettolearn WhatpoisonslurkinAbyssiniascorpse, Thatrottingcarcassreadytofallinpieces. Civilizationszenith,nadirofvirtue; Inourworldpillageisthenationstrade, Eachwolfaprowlforinoffensivelambs. WoetotheshininghonouroftheChurch, ForRomehasshivereditinthemarketplace! Sharpclawed,ohHolyFather,isthetruth.

MASTERSHIP
Thepresentageisreallythesameoldage: Itiseitherthemenofprayerorthepoliticians whoareincharge.Neitherthemiraclesof thosemenofprayer Northepowerofgovernmentisthereason forit Forcenturiesthepeoplehavebeenusedto slavery. Thereisnodifficultyaboutbeingamaster Whenthepeopleareentrencheddeepin slavery.

SATANTOHISPOLITICALOFFSPRING
EnmeshinpoliticstheBrahminfrom Theirancientaltarsthetwicebornexpel! Themanwhofaminerackedstillfearsno death Muhammadsspiritfromhisbreastexpel! WithFrankishdaydreamsfillArabias brain IslamfromYemenandHijazexpel! TheAfghanreveresinreligion:takethis cure Histeachersfromtheirmountainglensexpel! Iqbalsbreathfansthepoppyintoflame Suchminstrelsfromtheflowergardenexpel!

ADVICETOSLAVES
ThewisdomoftheEastandWest Hastaughtmesomethingthatwillprove elixirtoslaves: Whetheritisreligionorphilosophy,poverty orkingship Alltakefirmbeliefsastheirbase. Thewordsthatanationspeaksaredeadand itsactionsarefutile Ifitsheartisbereftoffirmbeliefs. [TranslatedbyMustansirMir]

ANEASTERNLEAGUEOFNATIONS
Conqueredthewaters, Conqueredtheair Whyshouldoldheaven Changedlooknotwear?

332CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal Europesimperialists Dreamedbuttheirdream Soothsayerssoonmay Readanewway! AsiasGeneva LetTehranbe Earthsbookoffatenew Statuesmaysee. Youhavewatchedmylustforconquestand dominionwithafrown Buthaveyounotknockedthebrittlewallsof feeblecountriesdown? Towhoseempiresisthatcleverpieceof trickerysodear, Bywhichroyalseatssurvivebutkingsand kingdomsdisappear. We,thechildrenoftheCaesars,stroveto waterheathandsand Youcouldneverbeartoleaveuntaxedthe earthsmostbarrenland! Youhaveplunderedtentsofnomadsofthe littlewealththeyown, Youhaveplunderedpeasantsploughlands, youhaveplunderedcrownandthrone Andthatlootingandthatkillingina civilizedway Yesterdayyou,youdefended!Idefenditnow today. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

EVERLASTINGMONARCHY
AdiverafterpearlsNaturemademe, ThoughwaryoftheabyssesoftheState. Whomeveritslegerdemainmaycaptivate, Shesetsatermtoeverymonarchy; Farhadshillhewinglabourstillliveson, Parvezconqueringmightisdeadandgone. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

DEMOCRACY
AcertainEuropean 6 revealedasecret, Althoughthewisedonotrevealthecoreof thematter. Democracyisacertainformofgovernmentin which Menarecountedbutnotweighed. [TranslatedbyJanMarek]

TUTELAGE
Itisnothardtofindinpresentage Theplacewhichneedsculturesangelicsage. Wherediceanddrinkarebothbylaw forbid, Andwomenkeeptheirbodiesfully hid. Althoughmybodyhasadeeprestlessheart, Yetforbearswontnodisgustcanimpart. Althoughdeprivedofschools beneficialfount, OnBedouinswitandcouragewecan count. ThewisemongFranksthisverdict declare, OfcultureArablandsarefullybare. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

EUROPEANDSYRIA
ThislandofSyriagavetheWestaProphet Ofpurityandpityandinnocence; AndSyriafromtheWestasrecompense Getsdiceanddrinkandtroopsofprostitutes.

MUSSOLINI
(Tohisrivalseastandwest) What,arecrimeslikeMussolinissounheard ofinthisage? WhyshouldtheyputEuropesgoodiesinto suchasillyrage? Needthepotfeelsoindigentwhenthekettle wearsablot? WeareCulturestwinutensilsIthekettle, youthepot.
6

COMPLAINT
WhatispoorIndiasfatewhoknows?for uptillnow Ithasbeenaglitteringjewelinsomecrown! Itspeasantisacorpsethatsomegravehas disgorged

IqbalsfootnoteStendhal.

 Thecorpsestatteredshroudisstillinsidethe ground; Hissoulandhisbodyareinpawn: Alas,neithertheresidencenortheresident survives! Itisyouwhobecamethewillingslaveof Europe: Mycomplaintisagainstyou,itisnotagainst Europe! [TranslatedbyMustansirMir]

TheRodofMoses333

ADVICE
AFrankishLordadvisedhissontoseek Suchaimthatisalwayspleasant,neerbleak. Iflionstemperistolambrevealed, Itwillentirelymakeitsblood congealed. Muchgoodifregalpointremainsinheart: Indominatingmenswordplaysnopart. Pourtheselfinculturesacidstrong; Whenitbecomessoft,moulditasyou long. Onthiselixirsefficacyyoucancount: Toheapofdustcanchangeamighty mount!

SECULARPOLITICS
Notruthfrommecanhideatallitsface, Godgavemeheartawakeandwise,through grace. Inmyviewstatesmanshipcutofffrom creed, IsSatansslave,hasnoqualms,butlow breed. ByquittingChurch,Europehasfreedom gained: Thisstatesmanshipislikeagiantunchained. Whentheireyesonsomeweakdomain alight, TheirPriestsasvanguardacttowagethe fight. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

APIRATEANDALEXANDER
ALEXANDER

Isyourretributionshacklesorcoldsteel? Yourviolenceonhighseasallsailorsfeel!
PIRATE

CIVILIZATIONSCLUTCHES
IqbalhasnodoubtofEuropeshumaneness: she Shedstearsforallpeoplesgroaningbeneath oppression; Herreverendchurchmenfurnishherliberally Withwiringandbulbsformoralillumination. Andyet,myheartburnsforSyriaand Palestine, Andfindsforthisknottypuzzleno explanation EnlargedfromthesavagegraspoftheTurk, theypine, Poorthings,intheclutchesnowof civilization. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

Alas!Alexander,youdeemitvoidof blame, Domenofsamecraftbeareachother shame? Yourcraftisbloodshedandmycraftthe same, Wearebothbandits,indiversefieldsplay thegame! [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

LEAGUEOFNATIONS
Shesbeenatherlastgasp,poorwretch,for days (Maytellingillnewsnotbringillnewsto me!) Yetthoughherfateseemssealed,theChurch stillprays Herfatemaybeaverted.Well,maybe AfteralltheOldManofEuropesdrabwill rally Afewdayslonger,withthedevilforally!

334CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal

SYRIAANDPALESTINE
HeavensblessingonthosebrazenFrenchmen shine! Alepposrareglassbrimswiththeirredwine. IftheJewclaimsthesoilofPalestine, WhynottheArabSpain?Somenewdesign MusthaveinflamedourEnglishpotentates; Thisisnostoryoforanges,honeyordates.

POLITICALLEADERS
Onpoliticalleaderswhathopescanwefix? Theyareweddedtodust,inthedustplay theirtricks, Theirgazealwaysfastenedonmaggotsand flies, Aweblikethespiderstheirladdertorise. Thatcaravanshappywhosechiefisendowed Withthoughtslightasangels,andtemperas proud. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

Inwhomtheloveofhighdeedsburnsand forges Thenationsandtheirlaws;butthatfirenever Touchesthebondmanslimbs,whosenights anddays Standstillunderaninterdict.Ifour Prostrationsarelongdrawn,whyshouldyou wonder? GodteachHisministersinIndia Awayofworshipthatshallbetoall Hispeopleanevangelofnewlife! [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

TOTHEPALESTINIANARABS
Iknowthefirethatburnsthroughoutyour frame, Thelandsofworldstillfearitsscorching flame. YourcureinGenevaorLondonyou canttrace, WindpipeofFranksisgrippedby Jewishrace. Iknowthatsubjectnationsfreedomgain, Iftheywouldnourishself,displayits main. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

PSYCHOLOGYOFBONDAGE
Thecausesthatmakethenationssick Arequiteobscure,toovagueandfine: Althoughsomemanmaytryhisbest, Yetcauseinfullhecantdefine. Thechiefsandguidesofslaveshavesunk Solowthatitseemssomuchodd: Ifmodeoflionsispresentedtothem, Theywillseenaughtsaveguileandfraud. IfaMosesformsasecretleague WiththePharaohofhistime: ForhisnationsuchlikeMoses Iscurse,committingdreadfulcrime. [TranslatedbySyedAkbarAliShah]

THEEASTANDTHEWEST
Slavery,slavishness,therootofour Disease;oftheirs,thatDemonholdsall power; Heartmaladyorbrainmaladyhasoppressed Manswholeworld,sparingneitherEastnor West.

PSYCHOLOGYOFPOWER
(TheReforms) Thispityisthepitilessfowlersmask; AllthefreshnotesIsangofnoavail! Nowhedropswitheredflowersinourcage, asthough Toreconcilehisjailbirdstotheirjail. [TranslatedbyV.G.Kiernan]

SLAVESPRAYER
Whydoyourpriests,saidtomeafter prayers ATurkishheroofthefaith,dragout Theirgenuflexionsso?Helittleknew, ThatfreebornMuslim,thatplainwarrior, Whatkindofthingslavesprayersare!Inthis world Athousandtasksliereadyforthefree,

TheRodofMoses335 4 Thiswilyheaven,themoonandthesun Areallmoving,fatiguedandexhausted. LikealightningAlexanderstruck, Butmetasuddendeath! NadirplunderedDelhiswealth: Mereswordsdisplayandthatsall. Afghansremainandsoarethemountains: SovereigntyandkingdomareonlyGods. Needmakesfreemenintoservitors, Needchangeslionsintofoxes. Whenfaqrgainskhudi, YoubecomeakingaswellasI. Thedestinyofnationsdependsonadervish Whodoesnotcovetthefavorofkings. 5 Theseschoolsandgames,thiscontinuing uproar, Thisspectacleofexcessivedelightshidesever newgriefs. Thatknowledgeisapoisonforfreepeople, Whichendsinwinningtwohandfulsof barley. Ofool,thereisnothinginlettersand philosophy, Artandskilldemandhardlaborfromyou. AmanofskillcontrolstheworkingofNature, Hisnightsarebrighterthanmornings. Throughhisart,ifhesowishes, Lightcandripfromthebodyofthesunas dew. 6 HewhocreatesinthisworldofBecoming, Timerevolvesaroundhiminallages. Dontspoilyourkhudithroughimitationof others, Protectit,foritisofincomparableworth. Maythemessageofmodernismbeauspicious forthepeople Whosementalhorizondoesnotgobeyond nightlyrevelries. ButIfearthiscryformodernism BecomesacoverforFrankishimitation.

REFLECTIONSOFMIHRAB GULAFGHAN
1 Myhillsanddales!WherecanIgo,leaving everythingbehind? Thedustandbonesofmyancestorslie scatteredhereandeverywhere. Youhadbeentherendezvousofhawksand falconssinceeternity, Unawareoftheroseandtulip,andsongsof nightingale. Myparadiseliesinserpentineroads: Yoursoilsmellslikeamberandwatershines likecrystal. Oneaccustomedtopigeonsanddovescan hardlybelikeahawk. Forthesakeofbody,howcanIkillmysoul? Omyjealousfaqr!Whichwouldyouprefer: Englishmansrobesortatteredclothes? 2 Tribeshavebeeneverfightingamong themselves, InHeavenseyes,noneofusisdear. Divedeepintotheselfanddontdespairof Time, Itsafflictionstendtostrengthenyou. Youaloneshallbeuniqueandincompatible intheworld, Ifyouacceptwholeheartedlythemotto: NoneisassociatedwithHim. 3 Yourdestinycantbechangedthough prayers; Maybeyouarechangedthereby. Ifrevolutiontakesplaceinyourself, Possiblythisspaceandtimemaychange. Thesamewineandthesametumultmay continue, Thewaysofthesakiandthecupmaychange. Youpraythatyourdesirebefulfilled, Ipraythatyourdesirebechanged.

336CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal 7 PeopleofRomeandSyriahavechangedand sohavethoseofIndia; You,thesonofmountains!Learntoknow yourkhudi. Learntoknowyourkhudi, OcarelessAfghan! Weatherisfavourable,waterplentyandsoil fertile, Heisnotruefarmerifhedoesnotworkinthe fields. Learntoknowyourkhudi, OcarelessAfghan! Ifitswavesdontfretandfume,itisntriver; Ifthewindsarenotviolent,itisntstorm. Learntoknowyourkhudi, OcarelessAfghan! Hewhodiscovershimselfinsoulafterahard labour, Isfarbetterthankingsandmonarchs. Learntoknowyourkhudi, OcarelessAfghan! Yourlackofknowledgehassavedthehonour ofallignorantpeople; Thelearnedareberteringawaytheirfaith. Learntoknowyourkhudi, OcarelessAfghan! 8 Thecrowcavilsthatyourwingsareill looking, Thebatcallsyoublindandskillless. ButOfalcon!Thesepariahsamongthebirds ofthedesert Areunawareofthenooksandcornersofthe blueheaven. Whattheyknowoftheexperiencesofabird Whosesoul,whileinflight,isallsight! 9 Loveisnotbynatureignoblelikelust; Youcantexpectflightofaflyfromfalcons wings. Thewayofthegardencanbechangedthus: Thenightingalesshouldgrowsickoftheir nestslikeacage. Thosewaitingforthebuglecallarenotready forthejourney, Thepupilinschoolslooksalive;nay,heis dead; HehadborrowedhisbreathfromtheFranks. Ifyouwishtonourishyourheart Youneedonlythestraylookofamanoffaith. 10 Thatyoungmanisthelightoftheeyeofthe tribe, Whoseyouthiswithoutblemish,andblowis deadly. Inbattlesheisfiercerthanwildlions, Inpeace,heislikeabeautifulTartargazelle. Nothingstrangeifhisecstasyiscontagious, Asinglesparkisenoughforagarden. Godhasgivenhimkinglypomp Forhisfaqrhasimpetuosityandvalourlike Alis. Dontlookdownuponhispoverty: Thispoormanhasprideofplaceamongus all. 11 Thelampthatoncelightedyournights Canagaincometolifeandillumineyour days. Themanlackinginspiritalonecomplainsof thetimes, Fateslancetisanantidoteforthefreeman. Thatyoungmanisnotfitforlifesstruggle Whoislulledtosleepbybirdssongs. Iamafraidofyourchildishnature; ThesweetsellersofEuropearetooclever! 12 SecularismandLatinscript!Whata meaninglesscontroversy! Thepanaceafortheweakis:Naughtis powerfulexceptGod. Thoseinterestedinspiritaredespairedof Europe; Theatmospherethereispleasantbutitsdeer iswithoutmusk. Khudihardlybecomesstrongwithout morningtears:

 Thisarrowshapedtulipcanwellgrowbythe riverside. Thisoldtavern,theworldofsmelland colour, Isthehunteroftheunbelieverbutthepreyof thebeliever. OShaykh,gettheserichpeopleoutofthe mosque! Thenicheissourfacedattheirprayers! 13 Tomethisworldappearstopsyturvy; Idontknowwhatyoufeelaboutit. EveryheartisexperiencingaResurrection, Nothingstrangeiftheyoungarefeeling confused. Oldmanoftheharem,yourmorningprayers Canhardlybringthedeadtolifewithoutbold exploits. Thesemonasteriescanthelpinthe developmentofthekhudi, Nosparkcanfallfromhalfchokedflames. Withouttheboldnessofanoutspokenman, Loveisdeceitandfraud; LovethatenjoyspoweristhehandofGod. Awayfarerforwhomthedifficultiesofthe path Areliketravelingprovisions,isscarcethese days. Omanoftheplains!Dontbesurprised; Solitudeofthemountainsproducessenseof selfawareness. Thisworldismerestory,thatworldisoften sungabout, Truekingdomistosetasideboththeworlds. 15 Thestoryofmanisawitnesstothetruth: Owayfarer!Thewayoffaqrisnotdifficult. Steelthatdevelopsthecharacterofsilk Ceasestobesuitableforthesword. Whenfaqrisnotselfreliant,itbecomesGods wrath, Whenitisselfreliant,itisforerunnerof kingship. TheFrankshavemadeyouforgetfulof yourself,

TheRodofMoses337 Otherwise,Obeliever,youareawarnerand beareroftidings. 16 Itisdeathforthenationstobecutofffrom theCentre; Whenkhudimaintainsthisconnection, becomespowerfulasGod. Faqrthatcomplainsofstraitended circumstances, Savoursofbeggingprofession. EventodaythemanofGodcanshowthe miracle Thatcanchangeamountainintoamote! Otruebeliever!Whereartthou? Withoutyourecstasy,thereisnojoyinthe struggle. OSun!Comeoutfrombehindthecurtainof theEast, Adornmyhillswithyourpurplecoloured rays. 17 Onemanofcertitudeamongmillions Cansetafirealloldandyoung. Seldomisbornamaninthisworld Whosefaqrcantransmuteearthintogold. Writeyourdestinywithyourownhand; Godspenhaswrittennothinginyourbook offate. Thisbluishheavenwhichpeoplecallsky, Isnothingifyouaredaringenough. Itisskyifitisaboveyourhead; Ifitisunderyourwings,itbecomesearth. 18 SherShahSurihassowellsaid: Thedistinctionoftribesisthecauseofall ruin. WazirisandMahsudsarenamesdearestto heart; Alas!TheyfeelnoprideinbeingAfghans. TheMuslimsofthemountainsaredivided intothousandtribes, Andeverytribehasitsownidol. ThesamesanctuaryisfilledwithLatand Manat; MayGodgrantyoupowertobreakthemall.

338CollectedPoeticalWorksofIqbal 19 Truesightisnotthatdistinguishesbetween redandpurple, Truesightisnotdependentuponthesunand themoon. Thedestinationofthebelieverisbeyondthe Frankishhorizon; Takecourage,itisnottheendofyour journey. ThetavernsoftheWestareopenforall: Theecstasyofthenewlearningisnotasin. Theexhilarationwillleadyoudeath Ifyoudonothavetheburningoflailah. WillthegreatSirdarlistentomyfeeblevoice? Iamonlyadervishlackinginworldly honour. 20 Themanofthedesertofthemountains AlonecanfurtherthepurposesofNature. Heisthecriticoftheculturethatcastsspell allaround, Hisfaqristhefirststeptokingship. Whythisbeautyandcharm,whythatpower andmajesty? Thenightingaleofthegardenandthehawk ofthedesert! OShaykh!Theatmosphereintheschoolisso pleasant, ButonlyindesertsarepeoplelikeFaruqand Salmanborn. TherapturouswineofaMuslimisaskeenas asword, Itsrivalishardlybornaftercenturies. [TranslatedbyBashirAhmadDar]