FT RAT RC ICSU CG MTL CU oR technology breakthroughs of tomorrow. Our ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create something new, something we can manufacture from the SIAC UMMC TSUKSTTTSR TENS 1 —David Swain, Senior VP of Engineering and Technology, Boeing Nanotechnology A GENTLE INTRODUCTION TO THE NEXT BIG IDEA eee g Earl Uty Ree es WetaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ratner, Mark A. Nanotechnology: a gentle introduction to the next big idea/Mark A. Ratner, Daniel Ratner. p.cm. ISBN 0-13-101400-5 (pbk.) 1. Nanotechnology. I. Ratner, Daniel. II. Title. T174,7 .R38 2002 620'.5—de21 2002035488, Editorial/ production supervision: BooksCraft, Inc., Indianapolis, IN Publisher: Bernard Goodwin Editorial assistant: Michelle Vincenti Marketing manager: Dan DePasquale Manufacturing manager: Alexis Heydt-Long Cover design director: Jerry Votta Art director: Gail Cocker-Bogusz, Color insert designer: Meg VanArsdale Full-service production manager: Anne Garcia Y © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. rik Publishing as Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Prentice Hall books are widely used by corporations and government agencies for train- ing, marketing, and resale. For information regarding corporate and government bulk discounts please contact: Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 or corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com Company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks or registered trade- marks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 109876543 ISBN 0-13-101400-5 Pearson Education Ltd. Pearson Education Australia PTY,. Limited Pearson Education Singapore, Pie. Ltd. Pearson Education North Asia Ltd. Pearson Education Canada Ltd. Pearson Educacién de Mexico, S. A. de. V. Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd.Contents Preface xiii 1 Introducing Nano 1 WHY DO I CARE ABOUT NANO? 2 WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK? 4 WHAT IS NANO? A DEFINITION 5 A NOTE ON MEASURES 2 2 Size Matters 11 A DIFFERENT KIND OF SMALL 12 SOME NANO CHALLENGES 16 3 Interlude One—The Fundamental Science Behind Nanotechnology 19 ELECTRONS 20 ATOMS AND IONS 71 MOLECULES = 22 vii