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Cng ngh OFDM trong truyn dn v tuyn bng rng im - a im tc cao (54 Mbit/s) - Pht thanh & Truyn hnh - Tapchibcvt@mpt.gov.vn

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Th Hai, 13/03/2006 - 12:00 AM Cng ngh OFDM trong truyn dn v tuyn bng rng im - a im tc cao (54 Mbit/s) Do cc vn v nhiu v cc vn v a ng, mt s cng ngh trc y cng a ra gii php iu ch sng mang n dng cho cc ng dng NLOS nhng cng cha mang li hiu qu cao. Thay vo l s ra i ca k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). y chnh l mt bc t ph trong th trng truy cp v tuyn bng rng. I. M u Mt trong nhng yu cu chnh trong h thng v tuyn bng rng th h th 2 l kh nng hot ng trong cc iu kin tm nhn thng b che chn (Obstructed-Line-Of-sight/OLOS) v iu kin khng c tm nhn thng (Non-Line-Of-Sight/ NLOS). Hot ng trong cc iu kin nh vy l mt vn gy rt nhiu kh khn v hn ch i vi cc nh khai thc vin thng khi cung cp dch v cho cc khch hng tim nng. Do cc vn v nhiu v cc vn v a ng, mt s cng ngh trc y cng a ra gii php iu ch sng mang n dng cho cc ng dng NLOS nhng cng cha mang li hiu qu cao. Thay vo l s ra i ca k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). y chnh l mt bc t ph trong th trng truy cp v tuyn bng rng. II. Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM) Cng ngh OFDM nm trong mt lp cc k thut iu ch a sng mang trong thng tin v tuyn. Cn trong cc h thng thng tin hu tuyn chng hn nh trong h thng ADSL, cc k thut ny thng cc nhc n di ci tn: a tn (DMT). tng chnh trong k thut OFDM l vic chia lng d liu trc khi pht i thnh N lung d liu song song c tc thp hn v pht mi lung d liu trn mt sng mang con khc nhau. Cc sng mang ny l trc giao vi nhau, iu ny c thc hin bng cch chn dn cch tn s gia chng mt cch hp l. OFDM to ra li theo thi gian v tn s. Mi hnh ch nht l mt knh c lp v c th cp cho nhng ngi s dng khc nhau.

Hnh 1 1. OFDM, a ng dn v hiu qu quang ph Cng ngh OFDM thit k trong cc h thng hot ng trong cc iu kin mI trng kt ni a dng t C tm nhn thng LOS (Line-of-sight) n ng dn thng b che chn OLOS(Obstructed Line-Of-Sight) v khng c ng dn thng (NLOS). y chnh l u im ca cng ngh OFDM.
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Cng ngh OFDM trong truyn dn v tuyn bng rng im - a im tc cao (54 Mbit/s) - Pht thanh & Truyn hnh - Tapchibcvt@mpt.gov.vn

Trong mi trng khng c tm nhn thng, tn hiu a ng dn l t hp ca tn hiu gc v cc tn hiu phn x bi cc vt cn gia trm pht v trm thu. Cc tn hiu phn x thng n trm thu khng cng mt lc ph thuc vo khong cch ng i v u n sau so vi tn hiu gc (dn thng). Do khng n cng mt thi im (out of phase) cc tn hiu phn x gy ra hin tng nhiu.

Hnh 2. a ng dn trong cc iu kin kt ni NOLS Tc ng ca hin tng a ng trn h thng kt ni v tuyn l nh hng gia cc symbol -ISI (Inter Symbol Interference). Cc ting vng t mt symbol nht nh (gi l vng symbol N) s nh hng n symbol tip theo (gi l symbol N+1). Cng ngh OFDM khc phc c vn ISI bng cch s dng Khong bo v (Guard Interval GI period) ti on bt u ca symbol. Khong thi gian bo v chnh l phn symbol b nh hng bi ISI cn khong d liu tip theo khong bo v chnh l khong ti tin.

Hnh 3. Cu trc Symbol OFDM, ISI v khong bo v Cng ngh OFDM h tr truyn s liu tc cao v tng hiu qu quang ph. iu ny t c l do s truyn dn song song ca nhiu sng mang ph (sub-carrier) qua khng trung, mi sub-carrier c kh nng mang s liu iu bin. Cc subcarrier c t vo cc tn s trc giao. Trc giao c ngha l tn s trung tm ca mt sub-carrier nht nh s ri ng vo cc im bng 0 (null) ca cc sub-carrier khc (Hnh 4). S dng cc tn s trc giao s trnh c s nh hng ln nhau gia cc sub-carrier khc nhau khi sp xp v tr cc sub-carrier vi mt ln trong min tn s do s t c hiu qu quang ph cao.

Hnh 4. Trc giao sub-carrier OFDM trong min tn s 2. Cc u im c bn ca k thut OFDM - Cng ngh ny thch hp cho h thng tc cao.
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Cng ngh OFDM trong truyn dn v tuyn bng rng im - a im tc cao (54 Mbit/s) - Pht thanh & Truyn hnh - Tapchibcvt@mpt.gov.vn

- Thch hp vi cc ng dng khng dy c nh. - Rt hiu qu trong cc mi trng a ng dn. - S dng di tn rt hiu qu do cho php chng ph gia cc sng mang con. Hn ch c nh hng ca fading v hiu ng nhiu ng bng cch chia knh fading chn lc tn s thnh cc knh con fading phng tng ng vi cc tn s sng mang OFDM khc nhau. - Phng php ny c u im quan trng l loi b c hu ht giao thoa gia cc sng mang v giao thoa gia cc tn hiu. - Gii quyt vn fading bng qu trnh thc hin iu ch v gii iu ch trong OFDM nh s dng php bin i FFT - OFDM c u im ni bt l khc phc hin tng khng c ng dn thng bng tn hiu a ng dn. OFDM ang chng t nhng u im ca mnh trong cc h thng vin thng trn thc t c bit l trong cc h thng v tuyn i hi tc cao nh thng tin di ng v c trong truyn hnh s. III. Mt s ng dng cng ngh OFDM Cc nI c a hnh phc tp nh vng nng thn, ngoi , cc thnh ph ng dn c, vv nh hng ln n kh nng truy cp khng dy bng rng khi trin khai trong thi gian thc. Mt h thng truy cp v tuyn bng rng chc chn chnh l h thng c nhiu tnh nng cao v kh nng truyn dn tt trong cc iu kin kt ni rng ln.- gip cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ph sng trn din rng hn vi s trm gc gim i. Hng Alvarion (Israel), ng dng rt hiu qu cng ngh ny vo mt s sn phm ca hng nh BreezeAccess OFDM, BreezeACCESS VL,vv nhm p ng cc yu cu t n gin n chuyn dng nh kt ni mng Lan, camera gim st, h thng hi ngh truyn hnh... Cc sn phm ny c thit k c bit cho cc ng dng im-im, im-a im trong cc iu kin b che chn. S kt hp cng ngh modem OFDM v iu ch thch nghi linh hot ch c trong th trng cng ngh truy cp v tuyn bng rng v l cc yu t chnh to nn tnh nng ni tri trong sn phm ca hng Alvarion . Cc kh nng ny tp trung ch yu trong cc kt ni a im trn thi gian thc. ng dng trong h thng camera gim st khng dy

Hnh 5. ng dng kt ni mng Lan theo cu trc im - im hoc im - a im

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Cng ngh OFDM trong truyn dn v tuyn bng rng im - a im tc cao (54 Mbit/s) - Pht thanh & Truyn hnh - Tapchibcvt@mpt.gov.vn

IV. Kt lun Kh nng hot ng trong cc iu kin b che chn l yu t quan trng ca cng ngh truy cp v tuyn bng rng. Cc nh cung cp v khai thc dch v vin thng cn bit rng cng ngh v tuyn bng rng c th trin khai bt c ni no v c th khc phc c cc iu kin a hnh b che chn nh ni cao, rng cy cc vng su vng xa, cc to nh cao tng cc khu th, khu dn c ng c. Vi cng ngh OFDM cho php trin khai h thng trn din rng do em li li ch rt ln, gim thiu chi ph lp t v vn hnh cho cc nh cung cp v khai thc dch v cng nh cc khch hng s dng dch v vin thng. Cc sn phm ng dng cng ngh OFDM ca Alvarion chnh l gii php l tng hng u cho cc doanh nghip, cc t chc, vv la chn. Phan Hng
Bn quyn thuc Tp ch Cng ngh thng tin & Truyn thng a ch: 110-112, B Triu, H Ni Email: tapchibcvt@mic.gov.vn C quan ch qun: B Thng tin v Truyn thng. Quyn Tng bin tp: V C h Kin Gip php s 131/GP-TTT do C c Qun l Pht thanh, Truyn hnh v trang tin in t cp ngy 7/10/2009.

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