In this experiment, the first objective is for the students to be able to come up with a quantity for the density

of water that is both accurate and precise, using a graduated cylinder, a pipet and a buret. Density is defined as the compactness of molecules in a substance. Density can be derived by dividing the mass of a substance over its volume. Mass basically expresses the quantity of matter while volume quantifies the amount of space taken up by matter. Accuracy is defined by how close a measurement is to its theoretical value; while precision is defined by how close individual measurements are to each other, without regard to its theoretical value. In order to achieve this objective, the students will employ the rules of significant figures. Significant figures basically aid in expressing the uncertainty or reliability of a particular measurement. Uncertainties in measurements are caused mostly by human error and equipment failure. To calculate how uncertain measurements are, the standard deviation formula and the percentage error formula will be employed. The standard deviation formula measures the precision of a set of measurements. Standard deviation calculates how far a set of measurements deviate from the mean value. On the other hand, the percentage error formula measures the accuracy of a measurement in relation to a theoretical value. The percentage error can be deduced by subtracting the experimental value with the theoretical value, then dividing the outcome with the theoretical value and multiplying this to a hundred percent. Percentage errors that are greater than five percent usually deem the experiment invalid or subject to reevaluation. The second objective of the experiment, meanwhile, is for the students to be able to determine the mass percentage of sucrose contained in the unknown soda samples. The mass percentage is defined by the mass of the solute per hundred grams of solution. To calculate for the mass percentage, the mass of the solute must be divided by the mass of the solute and that of the solution, and the outcome must be multiplied to a hundred percent.