5. 1.

2)
(" ", 44/10) 45. 1. ("
", . 55/05, 71/05 - , 101/07 65/08),


2010. 2020.

1.

, , ,

.
2010. 2020. ( : )

.
,

.
2010. 2020.
, .

,
. ,
,
, .

,
.
( : )

,
. OECD
8%,
1%, 1
10%
1,38% , 1,21% .

.
,

2020. .
,
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.


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,

.

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.

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.

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.
2002.
.

2002/21

.

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.


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.

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, (, ,
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, ,

;
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;

(
)

,
,

ADSL

Asymmetric
Digital

Subscribers Line

CDMA

Code Division Multiple

Access

CEPT

European Conference of
Postal
and

Telecommunications
Administrations

DVB

Digital
Broadcasting

DVB-T

DVB
Digital
Video

Broadcasting- Terrestrial

DVB-T2

Digital
BroadcastingTerrestrial2

EBU

European
Union

FDD

Frequency
Duplex

FTTB

Fibre to the Building

FTTC

Fibre to the Curb

FTTH

Fibre to the Home

GE06

Geneva 2006

, 2006, RRC-06.
,
VHF
III UHF IV V

GSM

Global System Mobile

H.264 AVC

ITU-T
H.264 Advanced Video
,
Coding
MPEG-4 v10

IMS

IP
Subsystem

Video

Video
DVB

Broadcasting

Division

Multimedia

IP

IMT

International
Mobile

Telecommunications

IP

Internet Protocol

IPTV

Internet
Television

ITU

International
Telecommunication
Union

ITU-R

ITURadiocommunication

ITU
-

ITU-T

ITU-Telecommunication

ITU

LTE

Long Term Evolution

MIMO

Multiple-Input-MultipleOutput

MPEG-4

Moving Picture Experts

Group-4

OECD

Organisation
for
Economic Cooperation
and Development

OFDM

Orthogonal
Frequency
Division Multiplexing

SDH

Synchronous
Hierarchy

Protocol

Digital

TDD

Time Division Duplex

UMTS

Universal
Mobile

Telecommunications

System

VoIP

Voice
over
Protocol

WiMAX

Worldwide
Interoperability
Microwave Access

WRC-07

World
Radiocommunication
Conference 2007

2007

xDSL

Digital Subscriber Line

Internet

for

IP

T-DAB

Terrestrial-Digital Audio
Broadcasting

2.
,
, ( ) ,
() .
,
.
,
,
(long-haul ), ,

.
.
SDH (Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy).
.
,
(,
). , .
,
.
.
:

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xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
,
. , xDSL
.
FTTx (Fiber To The x - , .)

, :
- :
.
,
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, . ,
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, .

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.

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. , ,
. ,
.
,
.
: GSM (Global System
Mobile) -
2G, 14.4 kb/s, UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System) -
3G, 384 kb/s 7.2 Mb/s

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) .
CDMA
,
.
300-700 kb/s, 70-90 kb/s .
WiMax
(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
. WiMax
, ,
, 4G.
2007. , International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R)
IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)
.
,
Long Term Evolution - LTE ,
2G, 3G, . 100 Mb/s
downlink-, 10 ms. LTE
1.4-20 MHz FDD (Frequency-Division
Duplexing) TDD (Time-Division Duplexing) . LTE,
OFDM, CDMA
.
,
,
, :
- ,
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access).
,
, . OFDM
,
. ,
,
;
- (Frequency
Division Duplex - FDD,
, Time Division Duplex - TDD
).
MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output)
, ,
.
,
.

, ,
,
.

.
,
, ,
,
.
.

Ventura Team, 2009.
FTTH
ADSL

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2.1.
,
,
, FTTH
, 2.1.
ADSL , ,
. ,
, .

.
,
.
.

2.3.

.
.

,
,
. ,
IP (Internet Protocol) ,
,

, . IP (IMS - IP
Multimedia Subsystem)
, ,
, .
, . IMS
, ,
.
, ,
, IP .
( ,
, )


.
,
.
, . ,
, .
.

.
,
, .

2.4.
,
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,
.
- ,
.

8%

1%

-
15%

5%

/
28%

6%

2%

35%

2.2.
,
,

 ,
. .

.
,
2006. 2007. ,
.

, :
- , .

, ,
;
-

;
-

.

,
.
,
,
.
35% 21,6%
,

, 2.2.
3-5 GHz 0,30,5%. , TV
12%,
.
6 GHz 2.1.
2.1. 6 GHz
[GHz]

0-1

1-2

2-3 3-4

4-5

5-6

[%] 54,4 35,1 7,6 0,25 0,128 4,6

,
,
.

.

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,

.
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3.
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,
,
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:
1) (" ", 44/10)

.
:
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79/05, 62/06, 85/06, 86/06 41/09)
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8) (" ", . 33/97 31/01
" ", 30/10);
9) (" ", 111/09).

:
1)
(" ", 87/06) , ,
,
, , -, -, - -,
-;
2) 2004.

;
3)
2009. 2013. (" ", 83/09) ,
,

, ;
4)
(" ", 52/09)
,
,
,
, ,
;
5) 2012.
(" ", 84/09)
, ,
;
6)
(" ", 3/10)

.
,

 ,
;
7) 2013.
(" ", 115/05), ,
, ,
,

.
,
T-DAB (Terrestrial-Digital Audio Broadcasting)
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) .

,
, ,
.


,

.
,

;
8) 2006. 2010.
(" ", . 99/06 4/09) , ,

.

3.2.
2002.


. 2003.
. , ,
acquis communautaire.
2002. :
1) 2002/21/
- (Directive
2002/21/Ec of The European Parliament and of The Council of 7 March 2002 on a common
regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services - Framework
Directive);
2) 2002/20/
-
(Directive 2002/20/Ec of The European Parliament and of The Council of 7
March 2002 on the authorisation of electronic communications networks and services Authorisation Directive);
3) 2002/19/
(Directive 2002/19/Ec of The European Parliament and of The
Council of 7 March 2002 on access to, and interconnection of, electronic communications
networks and associated facilities - Access Directive);

4) 2002/22/
-
(Directive 2002/22/Ec of The European Parliament and of The
Council of 7 March 2002 on universal service and users rights relating to electronic
communications networks and services - Universal Service Directive);
5) 2002/58/
-
(Directive 2002/58/Ec of The
European Parliament and of The Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of
personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector
(Directive on privacy and electronic communications);
6) () . 1211/2009 25.11.2009.
()
(Regulation (EC) No 1211/2009 of The European Parliament and of The
Council of 25 November 2009 establishing the Body of European Regulators for Electronic
Communication (BEREC) and the Office);
7) 2009/140/ 25. 2009.
: 2002/21/
, 2002/19/

2002/20/
(Directive 2009/140/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 amending Directives 2002/21/EC on a
common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and service,
2002/19/EC on access to, and interconnection of electronic communications networks and
associated facilities, and 2002/20/EC on the authorisation of electronic communications
networks and services);
8) 2009/136/ 25. 2009.
: 2002/22/
,
2002/58/
() . 2006/2004
(Directive 2009/136/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 amending Directive
2002/22/EC on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications
networks and services, Directive 2002/58/EC concerning the processing of personal data
and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector and Regulation (EC)
No 2006/2004 on cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement
of consumer protection laws);
9) :
,
(
C(2000) 1259) (2000/417/EC: Commission Recommendation of 25 May 2000 on
unbundled access to the local loop: enabling the competitive provision of a full range of
electronic communications services including broadband multimedia and high-speed
Internet (notified under document number C(2000) 1259) (Text with EEA relevance);
10) eSEE
"eSEE + 2007-2012.
" (Stability Pact Electronic South Eastern Europe Initiative and Electronic South
Eastern Europe Initiative (eSEE) Agenda +, 27 February, 2004;
11)
1 3,

 174-230 MHz 470-862 MHz (RRC-06) - Final Acts of the

Regional Radiocommunication Conference for planning of the digital terrestrial
broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174-230 MHz and
470-862 MHz (RRC-06);
12) , ,

COM (2005) 204 (Communication
from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on accelerating the transition from
analogue to digital broadcasting (COM(2005) 204);
13) 2010/267/EU
790-862 MHz
(Commission Decision of 6 May
2010 on harmonised technical conditions of use in the 790-862 MHz frequency band for
terrestrial systems capable of providing electronic communications services in the European
Union (notified under document C(2010) 2923) (Text with EEA relevance) (2010/267/EU);
14) - - European Convention
for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage (ETS no.183);
15)
(2003) Recommendation Rec(2003)9 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on measures
to promote the democratic and social contribution of digital broadcasting.

4.


, ,
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.
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4,5

3,5

3
3,5

4,5

5,5

4.1.
, , 2010.
83%. 4.1.
,
3.77 ( 4.4),
3.51 ( 4.41).

. , ,
.
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.


. ,
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.

.

.

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,
.

4.1.


, .


IPTV

VoIP

. .

, .

,
.
,
,
.

4.2.

4.2.
,
.
.
, ,

(dark fiber).
.
IP .
,
IP
,
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, .

, ,
(FTTH/B/C).
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.

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.

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IP , , ,
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. (),
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:
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IP .

4.1.1.
,

, ,
, .
2009.
10%,
1,3%. 3

, 2007

, 2008.

40

90.000

35

80.000

30

70.000

25

60.000

= 0.65

50.000

20

40.000

15

30.000

10

20.000

: OECD

10.000

4.3.
,
,
,
.
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, .

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(Internet exchange center),
,
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4.1.2.

,
( : ).

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.
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);
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4.2.
(" ", . 112/04
86/08 - : ),
.
, ,
410-440 MHz, 411.875-418.125/421.875-428.125 MHz
, CDMA
.

2003. (WRC - World Radiocommunications Conference),
(ITU International Telecommunication Union),
(CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations).
.
, ,

-
,


,

.

,

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.
,
,
.

.

,
.

,
, .
.

Sweet spot

GSM
DECT
TV

WiFi
3G

Bluetooth

LMDS

TETRA

VLF

LF

30

kHz

FM

MF

300

HF

VHF

30

300

UHF

SHF

MHz

EHF

30

300

GHz

4.4.
,

, .

(61-69 ), 1.
2010. .

4. 2012.
,
.

4.3.


, , 2008. ,

. (
- ) 2009. .

1999. ,
,
, , ,
.

, , ,
100% .

4.3.1.
2008. , 79
.
,
54%
. ,
.

4.3.2.
GE06 2006.
17. 2015.
. 2010. .

2012. .

,
MPEG-4/DVB-T2. ,
.
, DVB-T2, IP .

IP . headend-
, ,

. .
, ,
().

4.4.
,
RRC06, , 470-862 MHz
.


,
- . , ,

.

,
:
-
( DVB-T2,
, ),
-
(MPEG-4, 10, . ITU-T H.264 AVC),
-
, .

.

.
,

, ,
.

, . 4. 2012. .
(WRC-07)
790-862 MHz 17. 2015. ,
,
.
, 2009/848/EC 28. 2009.
(Facilitating the release of the digital dividend in the European Union),
61. 69. UHF (

.

TETRA

900 MHz
GSM
LTE?

WiFi
Bluetooth

1.8GHz
GSM
UMTS

2.6GHz
LTE, WiMax

UMTS

470-862
MHz
300 MHz

1GHz

2GHz

3GHz

Ge06

790-862 MHz
61-69 UHF

4.5.



.
, ,
,
.
,
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,
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UHF . 61-69
, ,
. ,
, ,

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(
), .
EBU, ,

(
).

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,
,
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.

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,
. ,
, 4.6.
, ,
2010/267/EU
790-862 MHz
, .
RRC06
61-69 ,

.

, 17. 2010.
.

:
- ;
-
;
- 10
. 500
MHz , 300 MHz 225 MHz
3.7 GHz ;
-
- backhaul ;
- .


, 120 MHz.
150 MHz.


,
.

OFDMA,
, MIMO . LTE,

, 10 ms. IP
,
.
,
120
MHz.

4.5.
(spectrum refarming)

.
, GSM-

, ,
LTE,
. ,
, ,
, , . ,

. ,
.
4.7.
.

.
() .
. ,
. ,
,
,
.
900 MHz
GSM

TETRA

1.8GH
zGSM
UMTS

LTE?

WiFi
Bluetooth
UMTS

2.6GHz
LTE, WiMax

470-862
MHz
300 MHz

1GHz

2GHz

3GHz

4.7.
,

4.8.
, 4.8.

, , .
,
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 :
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5.

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;
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;
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;
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8) 120 MHz,
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.

6.

.
7.
" ".

The Role of Communication Infrastructure investment in economic recovery, OECD, 29.

May 2009.
2

9 kHz 3000 GHz.
3
- " 2009:
".