General Biology I IRSC Dr.

Capers, follow my drawing as you review this

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Aerobic pathway oxidizes glucose completely to CO2 and H2O Glycolysis Happens in cytosol, not in mitochondria Through chemical rearrangements, glucose (6 carbon) is converted to 2 pyruvates (3 carbon) 10 reactions There is oxidation (glucose loses electron) and NAD+ is reduced to NADH (that NADH will go to the electron transport chain) Net production of 2 ATP (requires 2 ATP to get started)

Pyruvate Oxidation Happens in matrix of mitochondria Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria Pyruvate (3 carbon) is converted to acetate (2 carbon) o CO2 is produced (decarboxyation) Coenzyme A is added to acetate making Acetyl CoA Oxidation results in reduction of NAD+ to NADH (goes to electron transport chain)

Citric Acid Cycle Happens in matrix of mitochondria Completes the oxidation of glucose Release of more CO2 8 reactions o Reaction 1 Acetyl CoA enters cycle (binds to oxaloacetate to form citrate, coenzyme A leaves) Reduction of NAD+ and FAD are reduced to NADH and FADH2 (go to the electron transport chain) Oxidative Phosphorylation Happens in mitochondrial membrane Electron Transport Respiratory Chain o o o o NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, their electrons enter the electron transport As electrons move, protons are actively transport from mitochondrial matrix to the innermitochondrial membrane space, creating proton gradient Oxygen is final electron acceptor Protons diffuse back through membrane through channel protein, ATP Synthase, an enzyme that facilitates the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Chemiosmosis