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Solaris10 Quickref Advanced
Solaris10 Quickref Advanced
Advanced Administration
By Johnell Averilla
$ du ah ; $ du -ak Displaying the Size of Directories, Subdirectories, and Files # quot a Lists all users of each mounted UFS file system and the number of 1024-byte blocks used. $ ls -t [directory] List files, displaying the most recently created or changed files first Finding and Removing Old or Inactive Files # find /var/adm -type f -atime +60 -print > /var/tmp/deadfiles & Delete files in /var/adm that are not accessed within 60 days # rm cat /var/tmp/deadfiles # rm -r * Delete the files and subdirectories in the current directory # find . -name core -exec rm {} \; Find and remove any core files in this directory and its subdirectories. How to Delete Crash Dump Files Crash dump files can be very large. If you have enabled your system to store these files, do not retain them for longer than necessary. # cd /var/crash/system # rm *
Managing Quotas
Howto Configure File Systems for Quotas Edit the /etc/vfstab file and add rq to the mount options field for each UFS file system that will have quotas. Change directory to the root of the file systemthat will have quotas. Create a file named quotas. # touch quotas Change permissions to read/write for superuser access only. # chmod 600 quotas Sample /etc/vfstab: Quota enabled in /export/home # device device mount FS fsck mount mount # to mount to fsck point type pass at boot options # pluto:/export/home - /export/home nfs - yes rq # edquota username Set Up Quotas for a User # quota -v username Verify the user's quota # quotacheck va Check Quota Consistency # quotaon [-v] -a filesystem ... Turn on file system quotas, -a turn on all quotas in vfstab # quota [-v] username Check for Exceeded Quotas # repquota [-v] -a filesystem Check Quotas on a File System, -a reports on all filesystems # quotaoff [-v] -a filesystem ... Turn off quota
# pstop processidnumber Stops the process # prun processidnumber Restarts the process $ pkill [signal] processaname $ kill [signal-number] processidnumber Terminate the process Displaying Basic Information About Process Classes # priocntl l CONFIGURED CLASSES ================== SYS (System Class) TS (Time Sharing) Configured TS User Priority Range: -60 through 60 FX (Fixed priority) Configured FX User Priority Range: 0 through 60 IA (Interactive) Configured IA User Priority Range: -60 through 60 $ ps ecl | grep processname Display the global priority of a process. Higher PRI has higher priority # priocntl -e -c TS -m 60 -p 60 find . -name core print Shows how to start the find command with the highest possible user-supplied priority # priocntl -e -c RT -m 500 -p 20 myprog Shows how to execute a command with a 500-millisecond time slice, a priority of 20 in the RT class, and a global priority of 120
$ sar p Check Page-In Activity $ sar q Check Queue Activity $ sar r Check Unused Memory $ sar u Check CPU Utilization $ sar v Check System Table Status $ sar w Check Swapping Activity $ sar y Check Terminal Activity # sar A Check Overall System Performance Set Up Automatic Data Collection Run the svcadm enable system/sar:default command. Command writes a special record that marks the time when the counters are reset to zero (boot time). # crontab -e sys Uncomment the following lines: 0 * * * 0-6 /usr/lib/sa/sa1 20,40 8-17 * * 1-5 /usr/lib/sa/sa1 5 18 * * 1-5 /usr/lib/sa/sa2 -s 8:00 -e 18:01 -i 1200 -A $ sar -u 10 2 Takes two data samples separated by 10 seconds /var/adm/sa/sadd Files stored here $ sar Command extracts data from a previously recorded file
Managing System Crash Information # dumpadm Display the current crash dump configuration # dumpadm -c content -d dump-device -m nnnk | nnnm | nnn% -n -s savecore-dir Modify Crash DumpConfiguration Example: # dumpadm Dump content: kernel pages Dump device: /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s1 (swap) Savecore directory: /var/crash/pluto Savecore enabled: yes # dumpadm -c all -d /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s1 -m 10% Dump content: all pages Dump device: /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s1 (dedicated) Savecore directory: /var/crash/pluto (minfree = 77071KB) Savecore enabled: yes # /usr/bin/mdb -k unix.0 Examining a Crash Dump # dumpadm -n | -y Disable or enable the saving of crash dumps on your system Troubleshooting Miscellaneous Software Problems What to Do if Rebooting Fails - The system can't find /platform/uname -m/kernel/unix. You may need to change the boot-device setting in the PROMon a SPARC based system What to Do if You Forgot Root Password (Use keyboard abort sequence--Press Stop A keys to stop the system) ok boot cdrom s (or) ok boot net -s # mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 /a # cd /a/etc # TERM=vt100 # export TERM # vi shadow (Remove roots encrypted password string) # cd / # umount /a # init 6 What to Do if a System Hangs A system can freeze or hang rather than crash completely if some software process is stuck. 1. Determine whether the system is running a window environment and follow these suggestions. Make sure the pointer is in the window where you are typing the commands. Press Control-q in case the user accidentally pressed Control-s, which freezes the screen. Control-s freezes only the window, not the entire screen. If a window is frozen, try using another window. If possible, log in remotely from another system on the network. Use the pgrep command to look for the hung process. If it looks like the window system is hung, identify the process and kill it. 2. Press Control-\ to force a quit in the running program and (probably) write out a core file. 3. Press Control-c to interrupt the program that might be running. 4. Log in remotely and attempt to identify and kill the process that is hanging the system.
5. Log in remotely, become superuser or assume an equivalent role and reboot the system. 6. If the system still does not respond, force a crash dump and reboot. Stop-a , ok sync 7. If the system still does not respond, turn the power off, wait a minute or so, then turn the power back on. 8. If you cannot get the system to respond at all, contact your local service provider for help. File SystemFills Up Because a Large File or Directory Was Created Log in as superuser or assume an equivalent role and use the ls -tl command in the specific file system to identify which large file is newly created and remove it. Troubleshooting File Access Problems Solving ProblemsWith Search Paths (Command not found) $ echo $PATH Display the current search path to verify that the directory for the command is not in your path or that it isn't misspelled. $ which command Verify the new path.