Cell Types and Cell Structure

Prokaryotic

vs.

Eukaryotic

no nucleus no membrane enclosed organelles single chromosome no streaming in the cytoplasm cell division without mitosis simple flagella smaller ribosomes simple cytoskeleton no cellulose in cell walls no histone proteins

nucleus membrane enclosed organelle chromosomes in pairs streaming in the cytoplasm cell division by mitosis complex flagella larger ribosomes complex cytoskeleton cellulose in cell walls DNA bound to histone proteins

Prokaryotic

vs.

Eukaryotic

Examples: Bacteria

Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Plasma membrane 1. Surrounds Cells 2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm 1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell

Cytoplasm

Nucleus 1. Membranous nuclear envelope 2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes) 2. Smooth ER Processing and transport of lipids

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes 1. Attached to Rough ER 2. Site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) 1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells

Lysosomes

Mitochondria 1. Powerhouse - site of ATP synthesis

Mitochondria

Flagella and Cilia 1. Cell surface projections for movement

Flagella and Cilia

Microtubules and Microfilaments 1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes

Microtubules and Microfilaments

Vacuoles 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells

Vacuoles

Chloroplasts 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells, containing the chlorophyll pigments

Chloroplasts

Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells

Large, central vacuole Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall outside of cell membrane

No large, central vacuole No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall