Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Organic Compounds Bonding in Hydrocarbons Naming Alkanes Properties of Alkanes

Timberlake LecturePLUS 1

The most important hypothesis in all of

biologyis that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics. Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
Timberlake LecturePLUS 2

Organic Compounds
Contain Have Have

carbon

covalent bonds low melting points

Have
Burn

low boiling points

in air (oxygen)

Are

soluble in nonpolar solvents

large molecules
Timberlake LecturePLUS 3

Form

Alkanes

Contain

C and H only

Contain
Have Are

single bonds C-C

4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom

nonpolar
Timberlake LecturePLUS 4

Complete Structural Formulas

Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H
HCH

H CH4 , methane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 5

More Alkanes
H
H C H H H C H

H
C H H C H H C H H

Condensed Structural Formulas

CH3 CH3 Ethane

CH3 CH2 CH3 Propane

6

Timberlake LecturePLUS

IUPAC Names
Name # carbons Structural Formula

Methane 1
Ethane 2

CH4
CH3CH3

Propane 3
Butane 4

CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3

Pentane 5

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 7

IUPAC NAMES
Name # carbons Structural Formula

Hexane 6 Heptane 7 Octane 8

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 8

Learning Check Alk1

A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H C
H

C
H

H H

B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?

Timberlake LecturePLUS 9

Solution Alk1
A. B.
C.

CH3CH2CH2CH3 C4H10
butane

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion

alkane + O2

CO2 + H2O + heat

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Combustion In the Cell

Metabolic oxidation is combustion
C6H12 O6 + 6O2
glucose

6CO2 + 6H2O + heat

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Learning Check Alk2

Complete the combustion reaction for C 3H 8 + O 2 Balance your equation +

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Solution Alk2
Step 1
C 3H 8 + O 2 CO2 + H2O 3 CO2 + 4 H2O 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Timberlake LecturePLUS 14

Step 2
C 3H 8 + O 2

Step 3
C 3H 8 + 5 O 2

Learning Check Alk3

Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Solution Alk3
Step 1
C7H16 + O2 CO2 + H2O 7 CO2 + 8 H2O 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Timberlake LecturePLUS 16

Step 2
C7H16 + O2

Step 3
C7H16 + 11 O2