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TechnicalSeminar: Technical Seminar: ConnectionElements TheBoringStuff Topics:

BuildingExpertClassFEModels TheBasics:RBEElements(MPCElements) The Basics: RBE Elements (MPC Elements) ThestandardinSpringElements:CBUSH FemapTipsandTricksoftheMoment:Resolution,Turningoff References,SettingViewDisplayOptions ABriefQ&APeriod Q
April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

Buildinganexpert classFEmodelisoftenallaboutcreatingefficient Building an expertclass FE model is often all about creating efficient connections.

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RigidBody(RBE2)andNot RigidBody(RBE3)} Averyusefulresource:NXNastranElementLibraryReference A very useful resource: NX Nastran Element Library Reference

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:SPCandMPCConstraints(WhatisunderthehoodofRBEs) NXNastranUserGuide:Chapter9Constraints NX Nastran User Guide: Chapter 9 Constraints

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2&RBE3}
TheRBE2elementdoesntcausenumericaldifficultiesbecauseitdoesntaddtermstothe stiffnessmatrix.TheRBE2elementisactuallyaconstraintelementthatprescribesthe displacementrelationshipbetweentwoormoregridpoints.Thisisthesameconceptusedby theRBE3.ThecentralthemeisDependentversusIndependentnodes.

(Master) (M t ) (Master)

April 2011

Note:
Usingrigidelementswillcauseincorrectresultsinbucklinganddifferentialstiffness analysesbecausethelargedisplacementeffectsarenotcalculated.Exceptions are zerolengthelements(e.g.,tosimulateahinge)andrigidelementsconstrainedsothat theydontrotate.

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2}
HereisastartingpointtounderstandtheRBE2.Averysimplebeammodelwitha100 gp y p lbfloadatthecenterofthebeam.ThebeamisheldtogetherwithaRBE2.
Moment&ForceCalc. M=2.5*50 F=100/2

SimpleBeamwithfixedends TurnOnEquationForce FreeBodyDiagram ( ) InspectF06(MPCForce)

April 2011

ModelFile:FirstRBE2Model.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2}andMPCs{ConstraintEquations}
TheunderlyingnumericstoRBEsistheconstraintequation.Onecanbethankfulthatwedont havetoenterthembyformulabutitisgoodtoseehowtheywork.

AllRBEsarejustMPCs Thefirsttermisthe Th fi t t i th dependentnode(aD)and dependsuponthemovement oftheotherindependent (master)nodes. SettingupMPCsrequires onetounderstandthebasic equation of mechanics equationofmechanics.
April 2011

NoSpatialRelationship

++ aDX = a1X1 + a2X2 + a3X3 + + anXn

ModelFile:ConstraintEquations.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections/NumericalFoundation

TheBasics:MPCs(i.e.,RBEs)arebasedonconstraintequations.
Thedependentnodesareremovedfromthe displacementformulationmatrixsincetheir behaviorisdescribedbytheindependent nodes. nodes Whydowecare?(i)Onecantapply displacementstodependentnodessincethey nolongerexist;(ii)Forces/Momentscanstillbe applied;(iii)matrixformulationsareusedand inverted.HenceyourRBEmustnothavea mechanism.RBE2shave6DOFforthe independentnodewhileRBE3 saredefinedby independent node while RBE3s are defined by theuser(hencemechanismscanoccur!!!). ByusingMPCs,NXNastrancreates numericallyperfectRigids/Interpolation/Etc.

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2&RBE3}
AcomparisonispresentedbetweenRBE2andRBE3formulations.Mostpeoplecanfigureout theloaddistributionfortheRBE2elementbutthatfortheRBE3defiessimplelogicifyoudont knowthemathematicalformulation.

MomentLoad

ForceLoad

April 2011

ModelFile:StartRBE3withMomentandForceLoads.modfem

RBE2MomentCalculation M=2*270.88+2*2.5*91.647 M=541.76+458.24=1,000 M 541 76 458 24 1 000 Butwhythedifferentnumbers?Seenextslide.

Note:FortheRBE3elementwemustincludetheTX,TZ, N t F th RBE3 l t t i l d th TX TZ &RXDOFontheIndependent sidetopreventrigidbody rotationoftheRBE3element.Thisistrickyseeprior slideonNumericalFoundation.

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2andSuperStiff}
UnderstandinghowtheRBE2workscanbeillustratedbycomparingitagainstasuperstiffbeam.

April 2011

RBE2MomentCalculation YoureallycantdowithsimpleForceandMomentSummations. TheRBE2doesaperfectjobofenforcingtheexactrigidconstraint. Th RBE2 d f j b f f i h i id i

ModelFile:RBE2andSuperStiffBeamwithMomentandForceLoads.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3} Mechanics
TheRBE3elementdoesnotcreatestiffnessinthestructure.Thetrickisunderstandinghowthe appliedforceandmomentisdistributedoverthemaster(independent)nodes.

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3}
HereisthebackgroundmechanicsontheRBE3element.Youtaketheforce/momentandapplyit atthecentroidoftheindependent(master)nodesandthensplititupequally.

1,000 lbf*in
April 2011

150 lbf*in

M = 2 250 + 2 100 2.5 = 1 000 lbf in 2*250 2*100*2 5 1,000 lbf*in

100 lbf

M = 2*37.5 + 15*2.5 + 15*2.5 = 150 lbf*in F = (50 15) + (50 + 15) = 100 lbf

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3}
IfwereducetheDependentDOFoftoTY(1DOF),thentheRBE2andRBE3calculatethe following:

MomentLoad

ForceLoad

April 2011

WhentheRBE3hasnoRZ youhavenoRZ

FinalExample:FinalExampleRBE3withMomentandForceLoads.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

AnExample:RTypeElements{RBE3}
Apipestructureismodeledusingplateelements.Itispartofalargerstructurethatisthen connectedtoabeamelement.ByusingaRBE3elementwecanmakeagracefultransitionbefore thebeamandplateelements.Itsoundssimplebutitcanalsobetrickytoimplement.

April 2011

Thepipeexpandsandcontractsduetopoisonseffect.
ModelFile:RBE3PlateandTubeModel.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

RBE3UsageGuidelines:
p y p p y DonotspecifyrotationalDOFforIndependentNodesexcept whennecessaryto avoidsingularitycausedbyalinearsetofmastergrids(RememberPriorBeamModel) UsingrotationalDOFonIndependentgridscanresultinimplausibleresults

April 2011

ModelFile:RBE3PlateandTubeModelGuidelines.modfem

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

CBUSHElements:PerfectSpringConnection
SettinguptheElementPropertyfortheCBUSHrequiresspecialcaresinceitisnotthedefault formulationwithintheFemapmenustructure.

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

CBUSHElements:NXNastranElementLibrary Chapter6

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

CBUSHElements:Isa6DOFcustomizablepseudobeamelement.Ithasall theadvantagesofabeamelementwiththeabilitytodialinspringvalues. the advantages of a beam element with the ability to dial in spring values.

April 2011

Note:IftheCBUSHelementisnotproperlyconstrained,itwillcreate mechanismsmuchlikeanyotherelement.Thisexampleworkswellsince thebeamelementthattheCBUSHisattachedtohas6DOFandisfully constrained.

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

CBUSHElements:Isa6DOFcustomizablepseudobeamelement.Ithasall theadvantagesofabeamelementwiththeabilitytodialinspringvalues. the advantages of a beam element with the ability to dial in spring values.

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

CBUSHElements:ConnectingCBUSHelements(andlikewisebeamelements) to3DOFsolidelementscanbeproblematicduetorigidbodymotions to 3DOF solid elements can be problematic due to rigid body motions (mechanisms).

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

MyStandardFemapSettings: High ResolutionGraphicsandHousekeeping HighResolution Graphics and Housekeeping

April 2011

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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections

MyStandardFemapSettings:ViewSettings

ViewSettingsCanBeSaved Thinkdatabase Think database Thinkdoonce

April 2011

OpenModelFile:PredictiveEngineeringRecommendedViewSettings.modfem