International Telecommunication Union

Basic NGN Architecture Principles & Issues

Keith Knightson Rapporteur Q3/13 (Architecture)
Industry Canada
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

NGN Definition ITU-T

Next Generation Network (NGN): a packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
ITU-T Recommendation Y.2001
dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Whats Old: Vertically-Integrated Networks ITU-T

Video Services (TV, movie, etc)

Pre-NGN
Telephone Services Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)

Video Services Network

Telephone Services Network

Data Services Network

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Whats New: Horizontally-integrated Network ITU-T

Video Services (TV, movie, etc) Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc) Telephone Services

NGN Services
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

NGN Transport
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Effects of Separation: the good, the bad and the ugly ITU-T
o Good: Any service over a single IP transport network o Bad: Two different levels of control, authentication, admission, charging, etc. o Ugly: QoS selection, QoS control, transport resource allocation, monitoring, accounting for usage.

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Decoupling Services from Transport Network ITU-T

Service Management Application Services Wholesale Retail Service Management Transport Services Service Resource AAA Billing Instance Management Service infrastructure U Subscriber NAP A10 NSP/ASP Settlement Service Resource AAA Billing Instance Management Service infrastructure

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Re-distribution of service intelligence ITU-T

Migration of Service Intelligence

Access User Domain Domain

Core Domain

Access Domain

User Domain

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Basic Functional Architecture ITU-T

Service stratum
Application Functions

Management Functions

Service and Control Functions

Service User Profile Functions

Transport User Profile Functions Customer Functions Access Functions

Network Attachment Control Functions Access Access Transport Transport Functions functions

Transport Control Functions

Media Handling Functions

Gateway Functions

Other Other networks networks

Edge Functions

Core Transport Core Transport Functions functions

UNI

Transport stratum
Control Media

NNI

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

End-User Services in NGN R1 ITU-T

o All 3GPP IMS Services delivered to fixed line

systems
o PSTN replacement and legacy services o IMS extensions to accommodate regulatory

requirements (emergency, disaster relief, etc.)

o QoS-enabled transport o Secure IP network o Mobility (continuous where available, global

requirement limited to nomadism for R1)

o Global Interconnect (other NGNs, PSTN/ISDN,

Public Internet, etc.)

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Release 1 Service & Capabilities ITU-T

u Service Types
l PSTN/ISDN Emulation services l PSTN/ISDN Simulation services l Multimedia services l Internet access l Other services (data services etc.) l Public service aspects (LI, ETS/TDR, etc.)

u Service Capabilities
l Basic network capabilities l Service support capabilities l Open Service Environment l Service Enablers l PSTN/ISDN Emulation support l Public service support capabilities
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

dates

10

Multimedia Services ITU-T

Real-time Conversational Voice services Instant messaging (IM) Push to talk over NGN (PoN) Point to Point interactive multimedia services, including interactive realtime voice, video and other media (videotelephony, whiteboarding, etc.) Collaborative interactive communication services: support of multimedia conferencing with file sharing and application sharing, e-learning, gaming. Group Messaging Content delivery services Push-based services Broadcast/Multicast Services Hosted and transit services for enterprises (IP Centrex, etc.) Information services, such as cinema ticket information, motorway traffic status, advanced push services, etc. Presence and general notification services 3GPP Release 6 and 3GPP2 Release A OSA-based services
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

dates

11

Other Services ITU-T

Data retrieval applications, such as tele-software. Data communication services, such as data file transfer, electronic mailbox and web browsing Online applications (online sales for consumers, e-commerce, online procurement for commercials) Sensor Network services Remote control/tele-action services, such as home applications control, telemetry, alarms etc. Over-the-Network Device Management

Public Service Aspects

Lawful Intercept. Malicious call trace User identity presentation and privacy Emergency Communications (ETS/TDR) Users with disabilities Carrier selection Number portability
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
12

dates

Component/subsystem viewpoints

ITU-T

Applications
Based on 3GPP IMS IP Connectivity Access Network And related functionality

User Profiles

Other Multimedia Components Streaming Services (RTSP based) PSTN / ISDN Emulation (SIP-I based) IP Multimedia Component (Core IMS ) (SIP based)

Other Networks

Legacy Terminals

GW

Network Attachment Functionality NASS

Resource and Admission Control Functionality RACS

Customer Networks

Access Transport Network

Core transport Network

NGN Terminals

3GPP IP-CAN
3GPP Terminals

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

13

Changing Environment (1) ITU-T

Original Requirements E2E transparency Peer-to-peer Connectionless Best Effort User back-off Network empowerment No flow state Trust Static Addresses
dates

New Requirements Packet inspection/NATs NATs/Firewalls/servers MPLS Real-time demands Bandwidth demands QoS guarantee User Empowerment Flow state Hackers everywhere DHCP, Mobility
14

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Changing Environment (2) ITU-T

Original Requirements Fairness Terminal-to-host, BE New Requirements QoS (implies deliberate unfairness) Mass public residential services, multi-terminal multiQoS Access & Core Domains Inter-layer coupling? Protocol maze Commercialization, competition, consumer choice

Flat network Layer Independence Simple protocol layering Research/Defense use

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

15

Next Generation Internet: Papers of Interest

ITU-T

Developing a Next Generation Internet Architecture, Bob Braden, David Clark, et al. Role-based Architecture, Bob Braden, Ted Faber. A new architecture for an Internet, David Clark, Steve Bellovin, Bob Braden, Noel Chiappa, Ted Faber. Scott Schenker, John Wroclawski, et al. RFC 2775, Internet Transparency. Brian Carpenter. RFC 3439, Some Internet Architectural Guidelines and Philosophy, R.Bush, D Meyer. IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet, Sally Floyd, James Kempf Making the world (of communications) a different place, Report of a working session of the End-to-End Research Group, Version 4 3/24/05, David D. Clark, Craig Partridge, Robert T. Braden (chair), et al. Rethinking the design of the Internet: The end to end arguments vs. the brave new world, Marjory S. Blumenthal & David D. Clark.
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
16

* Just a small sample

dates

A Golden Opportunity for Collaboration ITU-T

o A recognition in both organizations that some

new approaches may be required?

o What kind of changes are required and/or

foreseen?

o Could/should the expertise of the ITU-T and

the IETF be jointly applied to create the principles and architectural framework for next generation networks?
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

dates

17

Obtain Respective Views on Architectural Issues such as: 1 ITU-T

o Role of Edge-based Servers: E2E violation Packet inspection Admission control o Application selectable QoS: Lack of adequate classes Lack of standardized protocol mappings Explicit bandwidth selection

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

18

Obtain Respective Views on Architectural Issues such as: 2 ITU-T

o

QoS in Access:
Multiple terminals, multiple QoS End-user Application selection of QoS Role of Home Gateway (shaping, limiting) Home gateway control

Distributed network control of/for QoS path:

Horizontal means Vertical means Monitoring, dynamic allocations, accounting

Network Control and Management

Protect from attack Separation from payload paths Inter-domain co-ordination
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
19

dates

No conclusions, only Questions ITU-T

o Do the ITU-T and IETF have different views on

the architecture of next generation networks?

o Can a number of differences (if any) be

identified and catalogued for study?

o Can ITU-T and IETF collaborate with a view to

eliminating or (at least minimizing) any differences wherever possible?

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

20

ITU-T

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

21

ITU-T

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

22

Y.2011: Basic Functional Architecture

ITU-T

Application, Middleware & Baseware services

Services
Resources

NGN Service

Service Management Functions

Service Control Functions

NGN Transport

Transport Management Functions

Transport Control Functions

Transfer Functional Area

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

dates

23

Home Gateway Functionality

Desktop PC Desktop PC

ITU-T
Network Terminating Unit

10/100 Base-T

Home Routing Gateway

Customer Premise Network

Set Top Box

Television
Other Devices, Appliances, etc

Set Top Box Television . . . . IP phone

QoS per device/terminal

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

24

Wireline Access Architecture ITU-T

NSP 1 A10-NSP

L2TP A10-NSP

L2TS User 1 Access Node U DSL Modem/RG T User 2 CPN

NSP 2

IP

R
IP-QoS ASP 1
Regional Network

BRAS

L2 Agg

Access Network

A10-ASP RAN

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

25

Mobility Requirements ITU-TDevice Mobilty Domain

User/Service Mobilty Domain

Network

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

26

Generic Functional Architecture

A-1 Application Server Function
(may include own Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)

Application

Network Border

ITU-T
Management Function Terminal Function

A-2 Application Gateway Function S -9 S.Authentication & Authorization Function S -10 S -4 Registration S -17 User Profile DB Function Function LS Function S -13 S -1 PGCF Session Control Function S -18 Session Control Proxy Function S -11 Media Resource Control Function S -19 AGCF S -12 MGCF

Session & Call Control

Other NGN

T-16 Transport Adaptation Transport Resource / Policy Control Function T-18 T. Authentication T-11 Media &Authorization Resource Function T-20 Processing T.Network Access Function T-7 T-13 Access Relay Control Function Function T-4 Traffic T.Network Access T-15 Transport Measurement Process Function Resource & Function T-8 Enforcement Mobility Support Functions T-6 Function T-1 AMGF Packet Transport Function

T-12 SGF

other IP MM Network (e.g. IMS)

T-3

Internet
PGF Transport

T-9 TMGF

PSTN/ISDN

Management

Scope of NGN
All lines of this type attach to the corresponding input line at the CCF within session & call control

Connection point

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

27

IMS Architectural Component

Other IP Multimedia Networks AS
ISC Mm Sh

ITU-T

PSTN

MGW
PSTN

BGCF
Mk Mj Mn

CSCF
Mw Mi

HSS (AAA+DB)
Cx Dh

BGCF
Mg

Mb Mb

MGCF MRFP
Mr Mp

CSCF
Dx Mw

SLF

Mb

MRCF
Gq

P -CSCF
Gm

Mb

IP Con nectiv ity Access Network

dates

UE
28

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Fixed to Mobile convergence (1) ITU-T

Radio Access Network Base Station Controller

. . . .

Dual Mode Handset

Core Mobile Network

IP Access Network

UMA Network Controller

WiFi

How to integrate with fixed VoIP service? Cross Architectural impacts? ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

dates

29

Fixed to Mobile convergence (2) ITU-T

Radio Access Network Base Station Controller UMA-enabled Dual Mode Handset

. . . .

GSM/IMS Core Service Architecture GANC (UMA) Network Controller

WiFi RG

Tunnelled IMS stack

IP Access Network

. . . . SIP Fixed/wireless Telephone

Native IP Stack

VoIP SIP Server

IP Core Transport

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

30

Traffic shaping at user site

RL EF AF1 RL AF2 AF3 AF4 BE Classifier RL EF AF1 Data Out Data In ASP Access

ITU-T

RL

RL

AF2 AF3 AF4 BE PTA

RL

PPP Access (BE or AF)

dates

PTA = PPP Termination Aggregation RL = Rate Limiter S = Scheduler ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

31

Summary of Work in SG13

ITU-T

Y.2001: NGN Overview NGN Definition, Characteristics & Subject Areas Y.2011: General Reference Model Identify high-level paradigms Separation of concerns, services from networks Identify emerging NGN-generic issues Architectural principles OSI model relevance G.805 relevance Y.FRA: Functional Requirements & Architecture Service control functions Transport control functions Mobility management functions Wireless and Fixed access IMS positioning Multi-terminal/multi-QoS Home Gateway
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
32

dates