.

.
..

30 2553

..

..

Snellen Chart

Direct Ophthalmoscope
30 2553

Schiotz tonometry

..

..

Lid coloboma

Microphthalmos

30 2553

..



Congenital Naso
Naso--Lacrimal
Duct Obstruction

Retinopathy of Prematurity

1
20%
20
% Newborn
30 2553

..

Congenital Naso
Naso--Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

: (Epiphora)

: Valve of Hasner

Congenital NasoNaso-Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

:
< 1

Crigler massage +
Antibiotic eyedrop hs
hs..

Congenital NasoNaso-Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

:
< 1

Crigler massage +
Antibiotic eyedrop hs
hs..
- > 1
(Probing)


1.Oxygen
Therapy
2.Low Birth
Weight
3.Gestational
Age
..

International
Classification of ROP
Stage 1

Stage 3

Stage 2

Stage 4

Stage 5

..

BW.<1500 g. or GA. < 28 weeks BW. 1500 2000

BW.<
g.

30 2553

 4-6
31 -33

30 2553

30 2553

..

 ROP

30 2553

..

30 2553

..

..

 Visual Acuity (VA.)

6 20
VA.

Snellen Chart

(206) / +

20//30-2
20

Counting Fingers(CF.) VA
20//40+1
20
Hand Movement(HM.)
Light Projection(PJ.)
Light Perception(PL.) & No PL.

Pin Hole = Refractive error

..

(horizontal
nystagmus)) VA < 20
nystagmus
20//70

30 2553

Oculodigital sign

..

..


Nystagmus drum

30-50 .
4 /
(Nystagmus)

( 20/400)

30 2553

..

..


Tumbing
Tumbing--E chart

30 2553

5-6

..

..

0-1 -
- Penlight examination

-
-

- Corneal light reflex

-
-

3-5

- 20
20//40

> 5

- 20
20//30

30 2553

-
- Fixation to light, small toy

..

..

 Visual Acuity (VA.)

6 20
VA.

Snellen Chart

(206) / +

20//30-2
20

Counting Fingers(CF.) VA
20//40+1
20
Hand Movement(HM.)
Light Projection(PJ.)
Light Perception(PL.) & No PL.

Pin Hole = Refractive error

..


Refractive Error

Hyperopia

Myopia


1.
2. (Contact lens
lens)) Hard CL
CL,,
Rigid gas permeable () Soft CL
CL..
3.

3.1 Phaco Refractive surgery

3.2 Kerato Refractive surgery

Excimer
Laser 2
PRK. (Photorefractive Keratectomy
Keratectomy))
LASIK (Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Keratomileusis))
22 2546

..

Cataract

CPG.

Medical treatment : Catalin ed., Quinax ed.

1.


2. phakomorphic
glaucoma,, phakolytic glaucoma
glaucoma
3.


1. (Sudden Severe
Visual Loss)
: , ,
,
(Optic Neuritis)
:
(Retinal Detachment),
(central Retinal Artery Occlusion)
2.Perilimbal or Ciliary injection

Diabetic Retinopathy

Stag
Stagee DR
Non - Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR.)
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR.)

30 2553

Diabetic Retinopathy

DR.
DM.
Routine Follow Up
0-31
5

> 31

First Trimester 3
30 2553

 (Retina)
1. Direct Ophthalmoscopy
2. Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

 DR

 DR
2.
(Fundus Camera)





( .
.. 2542
2542))
( 0-1 )
(1-4 )

(6-12 )
(11
11--20 )
CPG.

1, 2, 4,
6, 9, 12
15
15,, 18 ,
, 2

3,
4

6 2
(Refractive error)
3



.
.. 2542

21
21--40

3
41
41--60

2
>60

CPG.