Chaduvu 16th Feb., 2009

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Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain1
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* “X¾¬Áo-©ðE ÂÌ©Â¹ X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ ’¹ÕJh¢*, „ÃšËE Æ¢œ¿-ªý-©-¯ ãj þ/-å£jÇ-©šãj ü Íä§ŒÖL.
* \ “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÖ-©-ÊÕ-Â¹×¢-šÇªî „ÃšËE ®¾p†¾d¢ Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE, „ÃšË-OÕŸä Ÿ¿%†Ïd åXšÇdL.
* “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ ÆœË-TÊ Bª½ÕÊÕ ®¾ÖÂ¹~t¢’Ã Æª½n¢ Íä®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. …ŸÄ: «Jg¢-Í-« Œ Õ-¯ÃoªÃ, N«Õ-ª½z-
¯Ã-ÅŒt-Â¹¢’Ã N«-J¢-Í-«Œ Õ-¯ÃoªÃ, ¤òLa ÍçX¾p-«Õ-¯ÃoªÃ, Nª½ÕŸ¿ĺ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ «uÂ¹h¢ Íä§ŒÕ-«Õ-¯ÃoªÃ Æ¯äC
’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ÍÃ©Ç «áÈu¢.
* «Öª½Õˆ©Õ, “X¾¬Áo© X¾J-CE µ ‚®¾-ªÃ’Ã Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo «á¢Ÿ¿Õ-’Ã¯ä êÂšÇ-ªá¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
* Âí¢ÅŒ ÆŸ¿-ÊX¾Û ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ NÕT-L-«Û¢-œ© ä Ç ÍŒÖ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL.
* “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× \ “Â¹«Õ¢©ð •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÖ©ð «á¢Ÿä ÆÊÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
* ªÃ§ŒÕ-¦ð§äÕ åXŸ¿l “X¾¬Áo©Â¹× «á¢Ÿ¿Õ-’Ã¯ä ‹ Æ«Ûšü©ã¯ j þ ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL.
•„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃæ®-{-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ:
* «á¢Ÿ¿Õ’Ã ªî©ü-Ê¢-¦ªý, “X¾¬Áo© ®¾¢ÈuÊÕ ®¾p†¾d¢’Ã ‚§ŒÖ X¾“ÅÃ©ðx ÍŒÖ®Ï ªÃ§ŒÖL.
* •„Ã-¦Õ-©ÊÕ ÂÃT-Å-OŒ ÕtŸ¿ ªÃæ®-«á¢Ÿ¿Õ „ÃšËE \ X¾ŸA¿ĺ (“æX¶„þÕ «ªýˆ) ©ð ªÃ§ŒÖ©ð «ÕÊ-®Õ¾ ©ð
Eª½-ªg á¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
* ÆœË-TÊ “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× ÅŒT-Ê¢ÅŒ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃ¯äo ƒ„ÃyL. Åç©Õ®¾Õ Â¹ŸÄ ÆE ÍÃ{ ¦µÇª½-ÅÃ©Õ
ªÃ§ŒÕ-«Ÿ¿Õ.l
* ²ÄŸµ¿u-„çÕ-Êi ¢ÅŒ «ª½Â¹Ø ¤Äªá¢{x ª½ÖX¾¢©ð •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃæ®h N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ®¾p†¾d¢’Ã …¢{Õ¢C.
®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã©Õ ®¾¢ÂË~-X¾h¢’Ã, ®¾ÖšË’Ã, ¤Äªá¢{x ª½ÖX¾¢©ð …¢œÄL.
* ªÃæ®-{-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ÆA Åí¢Ÿ¿ª½ «Ÿ¿Õ.l ¦ª½-¦ªÃ ¦J-êÂæ®h ‚ ªÃæ®C «ÕÊêÂ Æª½n¢ ÂÃŸ¿Õ. Æª½n¢ ÂÃE
4 of 5 2/16/2009 5:43
•„Ã-¦Õ-©Â¹× «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ªÃ«Û.

* ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯ÃEo Æ¢Ÿ¿-„çÕÊ i KA©ð BJa-C-ŸÄlL. å®jœþ-å£Çœþq åXšËd „ÃšËE Æ¢œ¿-ªý-©¯ãj þ Íä®,Ï æXX¾ªîx
ÍŒÂ¹Ê «ÖJbÊÕx ¤ÄšË®¾Öh ‚£¾É-Ÿx ¿¢’Ã «á²Äh¦Õ Íä§ŒÖL. ÆX¾Ûpœä æXX¾ª½Õx CŸä-„l Ã-JÂË £¾Éªá’Ã
…¢{Õ¢C.
* „Ãu®¾-ª½ÖX¾ “X¾¬Áo-X“¾ ÅŒ¢ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð... •„Ã-¦ÕÂ¹Ø, •„Ã-¦ÕÂ¹Ø «ÕŸµ¿u ‹ ENÕ†¾¢ ¤Ä{Õ NªÃ«Õ¢
B®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ¨ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ªÃ§ŒÕ-¦ð§äÕ •„Ã¦Õ©ðE N†¾-§ŒÕ¢åXj, ŸÄE EªÃt-º¢åXj Ÿ¿%†Ï-åd X-šÇdL.
ªÃ®¾Õ-Â¹×Êo Æ«Û-šü-©¯ãj þ ÍŒÖ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL.
* ªÃ®¾Õh-Êo-X¾Ûœ¿Õ ‹ Â¹ÊÕo „Ã< OÕŸ¿ Â¹ØœÄ åXšÇdL. Åç©Õ®¾Õ Â¹ŸÄ ÆE ÂíEo “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× ‡Â¹×ˆ«
®¾«Ö-ŸµÄÊ¢ ƒæ®h NÕ’¹-ÅÃ-„Ã-šÂË Ë ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ Ÿ¿Â¹ˆ-Â¹×¢œÄ ¤ò§äÕ “X¾«Ö-Ÿ-«¿ á¢C.
* EKgÅŒ ’¹œ¿Õ«Û Â¹¯Ão «á¢Ÿ¿Õ’Ã X¾KÂ¹~ £¾É©Õ NœË* „ç@Á}-Â¹Ø-œŸ ¿ ¿Õ. ¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× „çR} Íäæ®C \OÕ
…¢œ¿-ŸE¿ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-„ÃL.
* æXX¾ªý ’¹œ¿Õ’f Ã …¢Ÿ¿F, ÍŒC-NÊ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ©ä-ŸF ¿ Eª½Õ-ÅÃq-£¾Ç-X-œ¾ -Â¿ ¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. æXX¾ªý OÕÂ¹× Â¹†¾d¢’Ã
…¢˜ä NÕ’¹-ÅÃ-„Ã-JÂÌ Æ©Ç¯ä …¢{Õ¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x OÕÂ¹× «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ÅŒT-¤_ ò§äÕ “X¾«Ö-Ÿ-„¿ äÕOÕ ©äŸ¿Õ.
* ƒ¢ÂÃ 10, 15 ENÕ-³Ä©ðx X¾KÂ¹~ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ «á’¹Õ-®¾Õh¢-Ÿ-Ê ¿ -’Ã¯ä •„Ã¦Õ X¾“ÅÃ-©ÊÕ ŸÄª½¢Åî Â¹˜®äd ,Ï
ªÃ®ÏÊ ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã©Õ X¾K-ÂË~¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
* ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã©ðx \„ç¯ j Ã ¤Äªá¢{Õx ÅŒXÏp-¤òÅä „ÃšËE ®¾¢Ÿ¿ªÃsÉÂË ÅŒ’¹{_ Õd ÍäJa ªÃ§ŒÖL.
X¾KÂ¹~ X¾Üª½h-§ŒÖuÂ¹...
* X¾KÂ¹~ÊÕ ªÃ§ŒÕ{¢ X¾ÜJh-Í®ä ,Ï ¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× «*a-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ... X¾K-Â¹~©ðx ªÃ®Ï-Ê-ŸÄEo ’¹ÕJ¢* ‚©ð-*¢-Í-Œ
Â¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. 'ŠL-ÂÊË ¤Ä©Õ ‡ÅŒhœ¿¢ ²ÄŸµ¿u¢ ÂÃŸ¿ÕÑ. Ÿ¿%†ÏEd ªÃ§ŒÕ-¦ð§äÕ X¾K-Â¹~© OÕŸ¿ êÂ¢“D-Â¹-J¢-ÍÃL.
* ¯ä²Äh-©Åî X¾KÂ¹~ æXX¾ªý ’¹ÕJ¢<, ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã© Bª½Õ ’¹ÕJ¢< ÍŒJa¢ÍŒÂ¹Øœ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ŸÄE-«â-©¢’Ã
‚ÅŒt-N-¬Çy-²ÄEo Âî©ðp§äÕ “X¾«ÖŸ¿¢ …¢C.
* X¾K-Â¹~©Fo Æªá-¤ò-§ŒÖÂ¹ OÕ ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼-„Ã-©ÊÖ, ÆGµ-“¤Ä-§ŒÖ-©ÊÖ ªÃ®Ï åX{Õd-Âî-„ÃL. ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð
ªÃ§ŒÕ-¦ð§äÕ „äêª X¾K-Â¹~-©Â¹× ƒ„ä Â¹ª-D½ -X-ÂÏ ¹©Õ. OÕª½Õ Íä®ÊÏ ÅŒXÏp-ŸÄ©Õ ÅŒªÃyA X¾K-Â¹~©ðx ©äÂ¹×¢œÄ
Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE, ‡Â¹×ˆ« «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ÅçÍŒÕa-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË ƒN ®¾£¾Ç-Â¹-J-²Ähªá.
\œÄC Â¹³Äd-EÂË ƒ†¾-„d çÕÊi X¶©¾ Ç-©-EÍäa «ÕŸµ¿Õ-ª-Â½ ¹~-ºÇ©ä X¾K-Â¹~©Õ. «Üu£¾É-ÅŒt-Â¹¢’Ã ®ÏŸ-„¿ĺ çÕ-Êi -„Ã-JÂË ÆN
‚£¾É-Ÿx ¿¢’Ã …¢šÇªá. OÕ©ð ŸÄTÊ NèÇc-Ê-D-¤Ä-©ÊÕ „çL-Â-BË ®Ï OÕ ¦¢’Ãª½Õ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕhÂ¹×
CN-š-©Ì Õ’Ã X¾E-Í-²ä Ähªá. N•-ªâ-¦µ¼«!
e-mail:
whysatyanarayana@yahoo.co.in
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5 of 5 2/16/2009 5:43
œÎ‡-®ý-®©Ô ð ƒ¢Tx†ýÂ¹× ƒD ŸÄJ!
œÄ. «¢U-X¾Ûª½¢ ¡¯Ã-Ÿ±Ä-ÍÃJ

œÎ‡-®ý-®©Ô ð “X¾„-¬ä Á-åX-šÊËd ƒ¢Tx†ý æXX¾-ªýÂ¹× ‡¢Åî “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢ \ª½p-œË¢C. å®Â¹¢-œK¿ “ê’œþ šÌÍªŒ ý
(‡®ý.->.šË.) Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ²Änªá©ð, ®¾Öˆ©ü-Æ-®-åÏ ®d¢šü (‡®ý\) Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ƒ¢{-Kt-
œË-§ŒÕšü ²Änªá©ð “X¾¬Áo-X“¾ ÅŒ¢ …¢{Õ¢C.
œÎ‡-®ý-®©Ô ð ƒ¢Tx†ý æXX¾ªîx “X¾¬Áo©Õ ÆœËê’ Bª½ÕÊÕ ÅçLæ- X¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ÂíEo „çÖœ¿©ü “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ www.dseap.gov.in
Æ¯ä „ç¦ü-å®jšü©ð …¢ÍÃª½Õ. DE “X¾ÂÃª½¢ 20 “X¾¬Áo©ðx ÂË¢C „ÃuÂ¹-ª-º½ Ç¢-¬Ç-©åXj Ÿ¿%†Ïd ²ÄJ¢ÍÃª½Õ.
1. Synonym 2. Spelling 3. Phonetic transcription 4. Preposition 5. Article 6. Error in the
sentence 7. Parts of speech 8. Active-passive voice 9. Pronunciation 10. Direct-indirect
speech 11. Spoken expression 12. Question tag 13. Modal verbs 14. Simple-
compound-complex sentences 15. One word substitute 16. Antonym 17. Paragraph
comprehension
¨ Ê«â¯Ã “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ ¦šËd Æª½n¢ Íä®¾Õ-Âî-„Ã-Lq¢CÐ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ ‚¢’¹x „ÃuÂ¹-ª-º½ Ç¢-¬Ç-©-Eo-š-åË Xj¯Ã Ÿ¿%†Ïd ²ÄJ¢-ÍÃL.
“Â¹«Õ¢ ÅŒX¾p-Â¹×¢œÄ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Íäæ®h ƒ¢Tx†ý©ð «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ÅçÍŒÕa-Âî-«{¢ ÅäL-êÂ-ÊE Æª½-«n Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C.
Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ ƒ¢Tx†ý æXX¾-ªýÊÕ 1) Vocabulary 2) Grammar 3) Comprehension Æ¯ä «âœ¿Õ ¦µÇ’Ã-©Õ’Ã
N¦µ¼->¢-ÍŒÕÂíE ÍŒC-NÅä «Õ¢*C.
X¾Ÿ-è¿ Ç©¢ ®¾¢’¹ÅNä ÕšË?
Vocabulary ©ð ‰Ÿ¿Õ Æ¢¬Ç-©åXj Ÿ¿%†Ïd ²ÄJæ®h X¾Ÿ¿ ®¾¢X¾-ŸÊ
¿ Õ åX¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. ÆN 1) Synonyms 2)
Antonyms 3) Homophones 4) Idioms 5) Phrasal verbs.
OšËåXj ®¾Ö©n ¢’Ã Ÿ¿%†Ïd åXœËÅä X¾Ÿ-è¿ Ç-©Ç-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ‡©Ç¢šË “X¾¬Áo¯ç¯j Ã ®¾Õ©-¦µ¼¢’Ã ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªîˆ-«ÍŒÕa.
ÍÃ©Ç-«Õ¢-CÂË ®¾«Ö-¯Ã-ª-Â½n Ã©Õ ÅçL-®-ÊÏ Eo «uA-êª-ÂÃ-ªÃn©Õ ÅçL-§ŒÕ«Û. ÂÃª½º¢ \NÕ-{¢˜ä... ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-«Õ¢C «uA-êª-
1 of 3 2/16/2009 5:43
ÂÃ-ªÃn-©ÊÕ X¾K-Â¹~-©ÊÕ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d ð åX{Õd-ÂíE «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û-ÅÃª½Õ. High ÂË «uA-êª-Â¹-XŸ¾ ¿¢ low ÆE Æ¢Ÿ¿-JÂÌ Åç©Õ®¾Õ.
ÂÃF go Â¹× «uA-êªÂ¹ X¾Ÿ¿¢ comeÂÃ„íÍŒÕa, don't go Â¹ØœÄ ÂÃ«ÍŒÕa. ŠÂîˆ-²ÄJ «uÅÃu-®„¾ äÕ «uA-êªÂ¹ X¾Ÿ-«¿ Õ-«Û-
ÅŒÕ¢C.
Fill in the blank using the word opposite in meaning to the underlined
Rome is an ancient city. Newyork is ----
1. old 2. new 3. modern 4. developed
Ans: 3
ÍÃ©Ç-«Õ¢C ancient ÊÕ ÍŒÖ®Ï old ÊÕ •„Ã-¦Õ’Ã ’¹ÕJh-²Ähª½Õ. ÂÃF ÆœË-T¢C «uA-êª-ÂÃ-ª«-½n ÕE «ÕJa-¤ò-Â¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ.
8,9,10 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-ÅŒÕ© ƒ¢Tx†ý ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ©ðx …Êo X¾Ÿ-è¿ Ç-©¢åXj Ÿ¿%†Ïd ²ÄJ¢-Í{Œ ¢ ‡®ý-°šÌ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ «Õª½-«-Â¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ.
‡®ý\ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ ƒ¢{-ªý-²Änªá X¾Ÿ-è¿ Ç-©¢åXj X¾{Õd ²ÄCµ¢-ÍÃL.
ŠêÂ ª½Â¹-„çÕÊi …ÍÃa-ª-º½ Åî „äêªyª½Õ spelling, meaning Â¹L-TÊ X¾ŸÄ©Õ homophones. ®¾¢‘Çu-X-ª¾ ½¢’Ã ƒN ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«
ÂÃ¦šËd ‡¢XÏÂ¹ Íä®ÊÏ X¾ŸÄ©Õ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. See-sea, I-eye, Son-sun ©Ç¢šËN homophones.
ƒ¢Tx†ý «ÖÅŒ%-¦µÇ†¾ ÂÃE-„Ã-JÂË Â¹†¾d¢’Ã ÆEp¢-ÍNä Idioms, Phrasal verbs. ‡¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹¢˜ä OšËÂË åXjÂË ŠÂ¹ ª½Â¹-„çÕÊi
Æª½n¢, ©ðÅŒÕ’Ã ÍŒÖæ®h «Õªî Æª½n¢ …¢šÇªá. X¾K-Â¹~©ð The midas Touch ÆE ÆœË-’Ã-ª-Ê½ Õ-Â¹×¢ŸÄ¢. ‚ Â¹Ÿ±¿
¯äXŸ¾ ±¿u¢ ÅçLæ®h 'successful in all fields' Æ¯äC ®¾éªÊj •„Ã-¦E Æª½-«n Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C. Turn Æ¢˜ä to set in another
direction. ÂÃF turn up Æ¢˜ä arrive. Turn on Æ¢˜ä to put something to function. Turn off Æ¢˜ä
suspend the operation off. ‚Âúq-X-ª ¶¾ ý-©f Ç¢šË «Õ¢* EX¶¾Õ¢-{Õ-«Û©Õ „Ãœä-„Ã-JÂË idioms, phrasal verbs ÅäL’Ã_
Æª½-«n Õ-«Û-ÅÃªá. ©äŸ¿¢˜ä ‡¢XÏÂ¹ Íä®ÊÏ X¾ŸÄ©Õ, “X¾§çÖ-’Ã©Õ ’¹Õª½Õh¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-©-®Ï¢Ÿä!
„ÃuÂ¹-ªº½ N¬ì-³Ä©Õ
Parts of speech åXj X¾{Õd ²ÄCµæ®h „ÃuÂ¹-ªº½ ¢ ®¾Õ©-¦µ¼-«Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C. ŠÂ¹ X¾ŸÄEo ÍŒÖ®Ï ƒC X¶©¾ Ç¯Ã part of
speech (¦µÇ³Ä-¦µÇ’¹¢) ÆE ÍçX¾p©ä¢. Sing is a verb Æ¯ä „ÃÂ¹u¢©ð sing Æ¯äC verb ’Ã ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ noun ’Ã
X¾E-Í-²ä òh¢C. ÆŸä I sing a song ©ð sing- verb ’Ã X¾E-Í-²ä òh¢C. ŠÂîˆ ¦µÇ³Ä-¦µÇ-’ÃEo ŠÂîˆ “X¾ŸµÄ-¯Ã¢-¬Á¢’Ã
ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Íäæ®h „ÃuÂ¹-ªº½ ¢ \«Ö“ÅŒ¢ Â¹†¾d¢ ÂÃŸ¿Õ.
Grammar Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢* Tenses, Auxiliary verbs, voice, Direct- indirect speech, Degrees of
comparison, Articles, Simple- compound- complex sentences åXj “X¾ÅäuÂ¹ “¬ÁŸ¿ĺ ÍŒÖ¤ÄL.
Choose the correct passive expression to the sentence given below from the given four
alternatives:
He likes people who call him 'sir'
1. He likes to be called 'sir' by people
2. To call him 'sir' is liked by people
3. He likes to be call 'sir' by people
4. He likes people call him 'sir'
Ans: 1
æXªÃ-“’ÃX¶ý ƒ*a...
Comprehension Æ¢˜ä understanding ÆE Æª½n¢. ƒ*aÊ æXªÃ-“’Ã-X¶ý-©ðE N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ‡©Ç “’¹£ÏÇ¢ÍÃ¢, ‡©Ç
ƒ«á-œ¿Õa-Âî-’¹-L-’Ã-«Õ-¯Cä X¾K-ÂË~¢-Í-œŒ „¿ äÕ ¨ Æ¢¬Á¢ ƒ«y-œ¿¢©ð Æ®¾©Õ …Ÿä¬l Á¢. X¾C „ÃÂÃu-©-©ðX¾Û æXªÃ-“’ÃX¶ý ƒ*a,
2 of 3 2/16/2009 5:43
éª¢œ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ÆœËê’ Æ«-ÂÃ¬Á¢ …¢{Õ¢C.

«á¢Ÿ¿Õ-’Ã¯ä æXªÃ-“’ÃX¶ý *«ª½ ƒ*aÊ “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ éª¢œ¿Õ «âœ¿Õ ²Äª½Õx ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. ‚ “X¾¬Áo©ðx Æœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo
N«-ªÃ-©ÊÕ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d ð åX{Õd-ÂíE æXªÃ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. DE-«©x ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ «%Ÿ±Ä ÂÃŸ¿Õ.
ƒ„ä ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ ¤¶ñ¯ç-šÂË úq, å®pL¢-’ûåXj “X¾¬Áo©Õ «Íäa Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Á-«á¢C.
ƒN «áÈu¢
*®¾¢¦¢-CÅ µ Œ ƒ¢Tx†ý Kœ¿ªýq, «ªýˆ ¦ÕÂúq, ®¾X-„Ïx çÕ¢-{K Kœ¿ªýq ©ðÅŒÕ’Ã ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL.
* ®¾X-„
Ïx çÕ¢-{K Kœ¿-ªýq-©ðE ª½Í-ÊŒ ©Õ, ª½Í-ªŒ á-Å©Œ æXª½Õ,x Â¹-Ÿ-©±¿ ð-E ¤Ä“ÅŒ© æXª½Õ,x «áÈu ®¾Eo-„-¬ä Ç©Õ ’¹Õª½Õh¢-ÍŒÕ-
Âî-„ÃL.
* ªîW ÂíEo X¾ŸÄ©Õ '¤¶ñ¯ç-šÂË ú “šÇ¯þq-“ÂË-X-¯ ¾¥ þÑÂ¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢* ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Íä§ŒÖL.
* ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-Â¹¢©ð ƒ*aÊ X¾ŸÄu© imagery, diction, syntax, rhythm, theme, figures of speech
©Ç¢šËN ’¹Õª½Õh¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
*Syllabification Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢Cµ¢-*Ê accent, rhythm and intonation ©ÊÕ ²ÄŸµÊ ¿ Íä§ŒÖL.
* æXªÃ-“’ÃX¶ý, ÂÃ¢“XÏ-å£Ç-Ê¯ ¥ þ ‡Â¹q-ªý-å®j-V©Õ “Â¹«Õ¢ ÅŒX¾p-Â¹×¢œÄ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Íä§ŒÖL.
* ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ© “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼¢©ð ƒÍäa A note to the Teacher, A note to the student, A note to the
parent ÅŒX¾p-Â¹×¢œÄ ÍŒŸ-„ ¿ ÃL. DE-«©x ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-Â¹ “¤ÄŸ±-«¿ Öu©Õ Æª½-«n Õ-«Û-ÅÃªá.
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3 of 3 2/16/2009 5:43
…Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½|ÅŒ ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu©ðx

ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û NŸÄuª½Õ©n „çÊÕ-Â¹¢•
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Æ«-ÂÃ¬Á¢ …¢C!
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Chaduvu Main
1 of 1 2/16/2009 5:43
'UÅŒ¢ -ƒ-¯þ®-{Ïd Öu-šüÑÂ¹×

…ÅŒh«Õ GÐ®¾Öˆ©ü Æ„Ãª½Õf
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èü-„çÕ¢šü (N¬Ç-È-X{¾ o¢)Â¹× 'Æ«Û-šü²Äd¢œË¢’û GÐ®¾Öˆ©ü ƒ¯þ ²ùA¢-œ§ Ë ŒÖ X¶ª¾ ý «Öéªˆ-šË¢’ûÑ Æ„Ãª½Õf ©Gµ¢-*¢C.
®¾¢®¾n ‡¢H\ N¦µÇ-’Ã-C-Xµ A¾ “¤ñ. ‡¢.N. ªÃ„þÕ-“X¾-²ÄŸþ DEo Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. Ÿä¬Á-N-Ÿ¬-ä Ç-©Â¹× Íç¢CÊ 600 «Õ¢C
“X¾A-E-Ÿµ¿Õ©Õ ¨ ÂÃª½u-“Â¹-«Õ¢©ð ¤Ä©ï_-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¯ÃKq «Ö¯þè,ä ‡®ýXÔ èã¯j þ, ‰‰šÌ, „çLx¢-’û-Â¹ªý ©Ç¢šË “X¾A-³Äe-ÅŒtÂ¹
®¾¢®¾©n Õ ¨ ’õª½«¢ ¤ñ¢C-Ê-„Ã-š©Ë ð …¯Ãoªá.
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Chaduvu Main
1 of 1 2/16/2009 5:43

-„Ã-œ¿ÕÂ¹Ð-„-œä ¿Õ-Â¹
Modern English Usage
'Sunday driver' ‡«ª½Õ?
'Monkey on one's back', 'A sunday driver' ... ƒ©Ç¢šË ÊÖÅŒÊ «uÂÌh-Â¹-ªº½ © ’¹ÕJ¢* Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-«{¢ «ÕÊ
¦µÇ³Ä-G-«µ %-CÂĺ Ë ‡¢Åî …X¾-Â¹-J-®¾Õh¢C. OšËF, «ÕJ-ÂíEo modern usagesÊÖ Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Â¹×¢ŸÄ¢.
Nipun: Hi Chatur, going anywhere for the weekend? („ÃªÃ¢-ÅÃ-EÂË ‡Â¹ˆ-œ-Â¿ ¹¯Ão „ç@ÁÙh-¯Ão„Ã?)
Chatur: Yes, to Vizag, but I haven't been able to get accommodation on train. Just wondering
what I'm going to do? (Æ«ÛÊÕ, „çè
j Ç-’ûÂ¹×. ÂÃF ¯ÃÂ¹× J•-êªy-†¯¾ þ éª©j ðx Ÿíª½-Â¹-©Ÿä ¿Õ)
Nipun: I'm free this weekend. I can accompany you. I'll get my car and we can drive to the
place(¨ „ÃªÃ¢ÅŒ¢ ¯äÊÕ ‘ÇS. FÅî ¯äÊÖ ªÃ’¹-©ÊÕ. ¯ÃÅî B²ñˆ-²ÄhÊÕ. «ÕÊ¢ ÂÃªîx „ç@ï}ÍŒÕa)
Chatur: Oh, you are welcome, but not with you driving. You are a Sunday driver, and I don't have
the time and am not sure of my safety either (ÅŒX¾p-Â¹×¢œÄ ªÃ. FÂ¹× ¯Ã ‚£¾ÉyÊ¢, ÂÃF ÊÕ«Ûy ÂÃª½Õ
Êœ¿Õ-X¾ÛÅŒÖ «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ÂÃŸ¿Õ. ÊÕ«Ûy ÍÃ©Ç EŸÄ-Ê¢’Ã ÂÃ®¾h ÆèÇ-“’¹-ÅŒh’Ã Êœ¿Õ-X¾Û-ÅÃ«Û. ¯ÃÂ¹¢ÅŒ BJÂÃ ©äŸ¿Õ, êÂ~«Õ¢’Ã
…¢šÇ-ÊÊo Ê«Õt-Â¹«â ©äŸ¿Õ)
Nipun: How you insult me! I'm no longer a Sunday driver. Dad has put me through the paces and
you can trust me to get you home safely (‡©Ç Æ«-«Ö-E-®¾Õh-¯Ão«Û ÊÊÕo! ƒX¾Ûpœä¢ Æ©Ç¢šË wœ«
çj -ªýÊÕ ÂÃÊÕ.
«Ö ¯ÃÊo ¯ÃÂ¹× ÍÃ©Ç practice ƒÍÃaœ¿Õ, «Õ¢* wœ«çj -ªý-Ê-§ŒÖuÊÕ ¯äÊÕ. ¯äEoÊÕo êÂ~«Õ¢’Ã ƒ¢šËÂË Íäª½a-’¹-©ÊÕ)
Chatur: You may be your Dad's understudy in business, but not in driving, I am sure. Sorry, I can't
1 of 3 2/16/2009 5:44
risk my life with you at the wheel ( OÕ ¯ÃÊo ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ÊÕ«Ûy ‚§ŒÕÊ „Ãu¤Äª½¢ ÍŒÖ²òˆœÄEÂË PÂ¹~º
¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Õ¢œíÍŒÕa. Â¹~NÕ¢ÍŒÕ, ÊÕ«Ûy wœ„çj þ Íä®¾Õh¢˜ä F X¾Â¹ˆÊ Â¹ØÍŒÕE ¯Ã “¤ÄºÇEo “X¾«ÖŸ¿¢ ¤Ä©Õ Íä§ŒÕ-©Êä Õ)
Nipun: Come on Chatur, you know better than to say such things. Ok, if that's the way you want
it, have it. Just think of it. Why miss the wonderful joy ride?(Æ©Ç «ÖšÇxœ¿f¢ ®¾J-ÂÃ-ŸE
¿ Åç©Õ®¾Õ FÂ¹×.
®¾êª, F ƒ†¾d¢. ‚©ð-*¢-ÍŒÕÂî. «Õ¢* ®¾ªŸ½ Ä ¤ò’í-{Õd-Â¹×¢-{Õ-¯Ão«Û)
Chatur: Who do you propose to bring along, if I agree to go with you? I wish to be sure I am not
the only victim (®¾êª, ¯äFoÅî ªÃ«-šÇ-EÂË ŠX¾Ûp-Â¹×¢˜ä, ƒ¢éÂ-«Jo B²ñˆ-²Äh«Û? ¯ä¯í-Â¹ˆºäo ¦ÇCµ-ÅŒÕ-ºo-«{¢
¯ÃÂË†¾d¢ ©äŸ¿Õ)
Nipun: I think I can ask Vasanth along, but I doubt if will come. He has a monkey on his back.
Every week end he is off to somewhere we do not know («®¾¢-ÅýÊÕ ª½«Õt-¯íÍŒÕa «ÕÊÅî. ÂÃF „ÃœËÂî
åXŸ¿l ®¾«Õ®¾u. “X¾A „ÃªÃ¢ÅŒ¢ ‡Â¹ˆ-œÂË î „ç@Çhœ¿Õ «ÕÊÂ¹× ÅçL-§ŒÕ-Â¹×¢œÄ)
Chatur: That isn't very reassuring. Still I'll take the risk this once. Hope you'll have the car
checked (ÆŸä-«Õ¢ÅŒ Ÿµª
çj ÃuEo Â¹L_¢-Í-Cä ’Ã ©äŸ¿Õ. Æªá¯Ã ¯ä¯Ã ²Ä£¾Ç-²Ä-EÂË ®ÏŸ-X¿ĺ -œ¾ ¿Õh-¯ÃoÊÕ. F ÂÃª½Õ ®¾J-ÍŒÖ-®¾ÕÂî)
¨ «ÕŸµ¿u¯ä, ƒX¾Ûp-œ-XË ¾Ûpœä „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹-©ðÂË «®¾ÕhÊo «Ö{ ƒC. Æª½n¢Ð ÍÃ©Ç EŸÄ-Ê¢-’ÃÊÖ, ÂÃ®¾h “¬ÁŸ¿ĺ ©äÂ¹×¢œÄ
„Ã£¾Ç-¯ÃEo «áÈu¢’Ã carÊÕ Êœ¿-Xœ¾ ¿¢ = (ƒÅŒ-ª½Õ© ‹ª½ÕpÊÕ X¾K-ÂË~¢-Íä¢ÅŒ EŸÄ-Ê¢’Ã).
a) Going on his car is almost as good as walking. He is such a Sunday driver = ÆÅŒE car©ð „ç@Áœx ¿¢,
ŸÄŸÄX¾Û Êœ¿Â¹ ©Ç¢šËŸ.ä ÆÅŒÊÕ «ÕK EŸÄÊ¢.
b) If he drives you, you never reach the place in a month of Sundays. He is a sunday driver =
„Ãœ¿Õ EÊÕo car©ð B®¾Õ-éÂ-RÅä F •Êt©ð ’¹«Õu¢ Íäª-©½ «ä Û. «ÕÊ ‹ª½ÕpÊÕ X¾K-ÂË~¢-Íä¢ÅŒ EŸÄ-Ê¢’Ã Êœ¿Õ-X¾Û-ÅÃœ¿Õ
carÊÕ ÆÅŒÊÕ.
’¹ÅŒ Modern English usage©ð ÍŒÖ¬Ç¢Ð A month of sundays = ÍÃ©Ç ‚©-®¾u¢-’Ã/-ŸÄ-ŸÄX¾Û •ª½-’¹E)
2) Put somebody/ somebody through the paces = ŠÂ¹ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð PÂ¹~º ƒ«y{¢ /practiceƒ«y{¢Ð
Íä®Ï ÍŒÖX¾{¢ ŸÄyªÃ/ Íäªá¢-Í{Œ ¢ ŸÄyªÃ ¯äª½p{¢.
a) The driving school man is putting Ram through the paces = Driving school ÆÅŒÊÕ, ªÃ„þÕÂ¹×
driving ¯äJp-®¾Õh-¯Ãoœ¿Õ, driveÍäªá¢-Í{
Œ ¢ ŸÄyªÃ
b) He is not yet good enough to handle business independently. His father is putting him through
the paces = ®¾yÅŒ¢-“ÅŒ¢’Ã „Ãu¤Äª½¢ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢Íä ²Ä«Õª½nu¢ ©äŸ-Å
¿ -EŒ ÂË. „Ã@Áx ¯ÃÊo ÆÅŒ-EÂË „çÕ©x-„Õç -©’x Ã ¯äª½Õp-
ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoœ¿Õ.
c) The car is not yet ready for a drive. The mechanic is putting it through its paces = Carƒ¢ÂÃ
ÊœË-æX¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ®ÏŸ¿ĺ¢’Ã ©äŸ¿Õ. MechanicŸÄEo ƒ¢ÂÃ X¾K-ÂË~-®¾Õh-¯Ãoœ¿ÕÐ „ÃœíÍÃa, ©äŸÄ ÆE.
D)The trainer is putting the horse through its paces = PÂ¹~-Â¹×œ¿Õ ’¹Õ“ªÃ-EÂË ²ÄyK ¯äJp-®¾Õh-¯Ãoœ¿Õ.
3) Know better than to do something = ÆC Íä§ŒÕ-Â¹Ø-œ-Ÿ¿ E¿ ÅçL-§ŒÕ{¢.
2 of 3 2/16/2009 5:44
a) A. I thought he would help me (ÆÅŒœ¿Õ ¯ÃÂ¹× ²Ä§ŒÕ¢ Íä²Äh-œ-Ê¿ Õ-Â¹×-¯ÃoÊÕ)

B. You know better than to trust him (ÆÅŒEo Ê«Õt{¢ Æ¢ÅŒ «Õ¢*C ÂÃŸ¿E Åç©Õ®¾Õ Â¹ŸÄ? ÆÅŒ-Êo©Ç
‡©Ç Ê«Öt«Û?)
b) He ought not have wasted so much money. He knows better than that = Æ¢ÅŒ œ¿¦Õs «%Ÿ±Ä Íä®Ï
…¢œ¿-Â¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. ÆC «Õ¢*C ÂÃŸ¿E ÆÅŒ-EÂË Åç©Õ®¾Õ Â¹ŸÄ.
c) You know better than to be seen in their company = „Ã@ÁÅ
x î Â¹Ep¢-Í{Œ ¢ Æ¢ÅŒ «Õ¢*C ÂÃŸ¿E FÂ¹×
Åç©Õ®¾Õ Â¹ŸÄ?
4) Have a monkey on somebody's back = Bª½E ®¾«Õ-®¾uÅî ¦ÇŸµ-X¿ -œ¾ {¿ ¢
a) He can't buy a car right now, as he has a monkey on his back = ÆÅŒ-EÂËX¾Ûpœä Bª½E ®¾«Õ-®¾u-©Õ-¯Ãoªá,
carÂí¯ä Æ«-ÂÃ¬Á¢ ©äŸ¿Õ.
ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ 'Bª½E ®¾«Õ®¾uÑ Æ¢˜ä \Ÿî ŠÂ¹ «u®¾Ê¢ «©x, ŠÂ¹ ¦ÇŸµ¿ «©x, ÆC ƒÅŒ-ª½Õ-©Â¹× ÍçX¾Ûp-Âí-¯Cä ÂÃÂ¹-¤ò-«ÍŒÕa.
b) He can't be seen late in the evenings. A monkey on his back doesn't let him = ÆÅŒÊÕ
²Ä§ŒÕ¢-“ÅÃ©Õ Â¹Ê-X-œ¾ œ¿ ¿Õ. \Ÿî ®¾«Õ®¾u …¢Ÿ¿-Å-EŒ ÂË (¦£¾Ý¬Ç ÅÃ’¹œ¿¢ Æ«ÍŒÕa)
c) Have you any monkey on your back? What's keeping you from attending office on time?=
\¢šË F ®¾«Õ®¾u? OfficeÂ¹× timeÂ¹× ªÃ«-šÇ-EêÂ¢ Æœ¿f¢ «²òh¢C FÂ¹×? («ÖÅî ÍçX¾p-Â¹Ø-œ-E¿ -Ÿ-«ä Õ¯Ão …¢ŸÄ?)
Ð ‡¢. ®¾Õêª-¬Á¯þ
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a) A. I thought he would help me (ÆÅŒœ¿Õ ¯ÃÂ¹× ²Ä§ŒÕ¢ Íä²Äh-œ-Ê¿ Õ-Â¹×-¯ÃoÊÕ)

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