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2:


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1

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3:

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4:





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2

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5:


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3

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6:



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4

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7:


-

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8:
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9:



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10:


-


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11:



y
=
x......................................................................................123

12:



y
=
x
+
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13:



y
=

-


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x
5

..................................................................................................154

6

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14:



:

-
...............................158

15:

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16:




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17:

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18:


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:

19:


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20:


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7

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21:


.........................................................................207

8

..................................................................................................220

22:

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9

..................................................................................................235

10

................................................................................................236

23:


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24:




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25:

,


..................................258

26:





30,
45

60 ...........................267

11

................................................................................................277

27:



.............................................................................279

28:



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29:





......................................299

30:

...................................................................................306

31:

......................................................................................319

32:

...............................................................................................333

33:

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34:


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35:


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12

................................................................................................369

36:




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37:





...........................................384

38:



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39:





....................................................................409

40:





.........................................................................422

41:





........................................................................432

13

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:
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. -

,
.
, , , , , x, y, z, t, ..

.

) ;

) ;

) . , , .

11

 , = 8 (2)(+3) (3)2 : (9)

:
= 8 (2)(+3) (3)2 : (9) = 8 (6) (+9) : (9) =
= 8 + 6 (1) = 14 + 1 = 15
)
. , = 2 + 2 + + 1
.

,
. ,
= 2 + 2 + + 1 = 2 = 3 :
= 22 + (3)2 2 + (3) + 1 = 4 + 9 2 3 + 1 = 9
. , = 2 + 2 + + 1
2, 2, , , 1.

1.1

)



x

,





3x.
,




,


5,





3x
+
5.

)










+











,








.

)

,




,










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2(

).

)







x









y
,

















2x
+
3y.

12

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=
3

32
+
32

3
+
10.

=
2

=
1;

)









.

)








3,

32,

32,

3,

10.

)








,



=
2




=
1,






,





2

1
.
-





=
2




=
1,


:


=
3

32
+
32

3
+
10
=
(2)3

3(2)2(1)
+
3(2)(1)2

(1)3
+
10
=

=
8

3(+4)(1)
+
3(2)

1

(1)
+
10
=
8

3(4)

6
+
1
+
10
=

=
8
+
12

6
+
1
+
10
=
12
+
1
+
10

8

6
=
23

14
=
9

. -

( + ) = +
, (), , ( + ) = +
( + ) = + .
, :

( + ) = + ( ) =

:
( + ) = , ( ) = +
( + ) = + , ( ) = + +

13

 2( 3) = 2 + 6 2 6, (2)(3) = +6.
, :

, .
:

+ = ( + ) + = ( + )
:
2x + 2y = 2(x + y), 3 3 = 3( )
5 + 5 = 5( ), 3 6 = 3( + 2)
, :
5 + 5 = 5( )

. .
:
3 + 5 = (3 + 5) = 8, 4 7 = (4 7) = 3
2 4 + 3 = (2 4 + 3) = 1 = ,
6y + 3y 10y = (6 + 3 10)y = 1y = y
:
(1 x = x 1 x = x)
(x = 1 x x = 1 x)
.

14

1.3

)
8

3
+

)
7x

8x

)
2(

2)

3(2

)
3(x

2y)
+
2(3x

y)
+
1

)



=
1

,




8

3
+

=
(8

3
+
1)
=
6.

)


x
=
1

x




7x

8x

x
=
(7

8

1)x
=
2x.

)






(
+
)
=

+
:

2( 2) 3(2 ) = 2 4 6 + 3 = 2 6 4 + 3 =

=
(2

6)
+
(4
+
3)
=
4



)




:

3(x

2y)
+
2(3x

y)
+
1
=
3x
+
6y
+
6x

2y
+
1
=
(3
+
6)x
+
(6

2)y
+
1
=
3x
+
4y
+
1

1.4

)

=
2(

2)

3(

1)

6)
+
5,

=
1.

)

=
3(

2)

2(3

(5

),

=
2.

)











-








:

=
2(

2)

3(

1)

(

6)
+
5
=
2

4

3
+
3
+

+
6
+
5
=

=
2
+


3
+
6

4
+
3
+
5
=
(2
+
1)
+
(3
+
6)
+
4
=
3
+
3
+
4
=

=
3(
+
)
+
4
=
3(1)
+
4
=
3
+
4
=
1






:

:

2
+

=
3





3
+
6
=
3

2
+
1
=
3





3
+
6
=
3

)




(),



:

=
3(

2)

2(3

)

(5

)
=
3

6

6
+
2

5
+

=

=
3

6

6
+
2
+


5
=
3

3

5
=
3(
+
)

5
=

=
3(2)

5
=
6

5
=
1

15

1.5

12.

9.

2
m

)



x

,
:








3x.



3x


12


3x
+
12.

)



x





y


,
:









x
+
y.




x
+
y




9


9(x
+
y).

)




y
m




,






(y
+
2)
m

(







2
m




-


).
,



:

=
y
+
(y
+
2)
+
y
+
(y
+
2)
=
2y
+
2(y
+
2)
=
2y
+
2y
+
4
=
(4y
+
4)
m

1.6

19%
.

)



x




,




5



5x.

)



y


,






-




:

16

19
y = 0,19y

100
,







y
+
0,19y
=
(1
+
0,19)y
=
1,19y.

1.7

)
20x

4x
+
x

)
7

)
14y
+
12y
+
y

)
14

12

+
3

)
6x
+
3
+
4x

2
+
3

+

=
(
+
)






.

)
20x

4x
+
x
=
(20

4
+
1)x
=
17x.

)
7

8


=
(7

8

1)
=
16.

)
14y
+
12y
+
y
=
(14
+
12
+
1)y
=
27y.

)
14

12


+
3
=
(14

12

1
+
3)
=
4.

)
6x
+
3
+
4x

2
=
6x
+
4x
+
3

2
=
(6
+
4)x
+
(3

2)
=
2x
+
1.

)


2
+
3

4
=
(1

2
+
3

4)
=
2.

1.8

)
2x

4y
+
3x
+
3y

)
6

2
+
4
+
3
+

)
x
+
2y

3x

4y

)
8x
+

+
3
+
2x

.
-











.

=
5x
+
(1)y
=
5x

y.

=
7
+
5.

=
2x

2y.

17



=
7x
+
4.

1.9

N



A,
B

)

=
3(x
+
2y)

2(2x
+
y),

x
=
1,

y
=
2.

)

=
5(2

3)
+
3(4

),

=
3,

=
5.

)



:

=
3(x
+
2y)

2(2x
+
y)
=
3x
+
6y

4x

2y
=
3x

4x
+
6y

2y
=

=
(3

4)x
+
(6

2)y
=
(1)x
+
4y
=
x
+
4y






,


x
=
1



y
=
2:


=
1
+
4(2)
=
1

8
=
9

)



:

=
5(2

3)
+
3(4

)
=
10

15
+
12

3
=
10

3

15
+
12
=

=
(10

3)
+
(15
+
12)
=
7
+
(3)
=
7

3






,



=
3




=
5:


=
7(3)

3

5
=
21

15
=
36



1.10










-

18

:

)






10.

)





.

)





.



)




.



)






5.



)








20.

1.11







:

)





.

)








20%.

)






5.

)








.

1.12



:

)
3x
+
2x
+
5x

)
5
+
3
+

)
7x

3x

x

)
6
+


5

)
4y

y
+
2y

)
10
+
3
+
6

1.13





:

)
5

3
+
2

4

)
2


+
3

2

)
3x

4y

2x
+
3y

)
5
+
3
+
7

4

1.14



:

)

+

+

)

)
3
+
3
+
3

)
3

3

3

)


2

3

)
()(2)(3)

1.15



=
1




=
2,




:

)

=
2

3

)

=
3
:
5

(3

2)7

1.16





:

)

=
3

2
+
3,





=
2,


=
3,


=
2

)

=
2(

)

5(
+
),





=
3,


=
3

1.17




:

)

=
2(3

2

1)

3(2

3

2)

)

=
3(x

2y
+
3)
+
2(3x

3y
+
5)

19

1.18



:

)

=
[(2

)

(

)]

(

2)

)

=
[2(

)

(

)]

(

)

1.19





:

)

=
2(x

y)

3(2x

5y)

2,




x
=
5,

y
=
2

)

=
3(

2)
+
2(2
+
3)
+
5,





=
3,


=
2

1.20





:

)


=
3

3,







=
10

)


=
2

2,





+

=
5

3
3


)
= x + y,




x
+
y
=
4

2
2

1.21



+

=
7



x

y
=
3,






:


=
7

[

(
+
3)]

[2
+
(y

x)]

1.22


x

y
=
5






+

=
3,






:


=
x


+
y
+

1.23









:

)




.

)







10.

)










-

.

1.24







:

)





,




-







2x
+
1,




15.

)



4









-

1















8

6


.

1.25







;

)
2x
+
2y

)
3

3

)
5x
+
5y

)
4

4

)
2x
+
4y

)
3
+
6

20

1.26



+

=
3,



:

)
3

(

2)
=
6

)
2(

)

3(2
+
)
+

=
12

1.27





:

)
A = { [ 3 ( 4 + 3) ] + [ 2 ( 7 + 4) ]} ( 2 + 7)



)
B = { [ 3 + ( 5 + 4) (6 + 3 7) ] ( 2 + 7)}

1.28







:

)

=
(2)(+3)

(8)
:
(4)

(3)2

)

=
(1)(2)2

(3)2
:
(9)

(5
+
3)(2)

)

=
(3)(2)

(4
+
3)2008

(1)3(4)

)

=
(8
+
7)2009
+
(25)
:
(5)2

3(4
+
5)

1.29



=
(2
+
)

(
+
2)




=
2(

)

3(

2),

:

)

)
2

3
+
5(

3)

1.30




:

)

=
2(3x
+
2y)
+
3(2x

3y)

(x

2y)

)

=
3(

2)
+
2(3
+
)

(2

)
+
11

)

=
2(

2

)
+
3(2



3)

(2



3)

2(

2)

)

=
4(2


+
2)

2(


+
)

3(2



)

9

1.31







=
1,






:


=
3(
+

+
)

4(



)
+
2(3

4)

1.32






:

21

1.33






,

.

1.34






10
cm,






.

1.35






-

22

.

. -

= < >
= , < , >
.
< > .

23

 1
, . :
= , + = +
2
,
. :
= , =


3
,
. :
= , =


4
,
, . :
= ,

= , 0

:
+ = + , = .
= , = .
= 0, = .

= = , = .

.

24

2.1

3
=

3,

=
.

3
+
7
=
2

3
+
7,

=
.

8
=

0,

=
.

)




:

+


3
=

+


3

+


3
+
3
=

+


3
+
3

+

=

+

+



=

+









=

3

7

)
:

2

3
+
7
=
2

3
+
7

2

3
+
7

7
=
2

3
+
7

7

2

3
=
2

3

2

3

2
=
2

3

2

3
=
3





3 3
=







=


3
3

2

3

)




8
=


8.







8

:

8
+
8
=


8
+
8






=

0,








:


=
=

.

x.

25


.
3x + 2 = 17 2x, 2y 7 = 15 + y .
x y.
.
3x + 2 = 17 2x, 3x + 2 17 2x.

, .
, 3x + 2 = 17 2x x = 3 ,
:
3 3 + 2 = 17 2 3 9 + 2 = 17 6 11 = 11

.

, :
, .
3x + 2 = 17 2x
:
3x + 2x = 17 2
2x , +2x +2
2. 3x 17
, .

26

:
1
, , ,
, , .
2
, .
3
,

.
4
.
5
.
6
.

, ,
:
0x = 5, 0x = 7, 0x = 0 ..
, 0x = 5, 0x = 7 .
0x = 0 .

27

, :
0x = , 0
.
0x = 0
( ).

2.2

)
5x

7
=
3x
+
13

)
2(x

3)

3(x

2)
=
4(x

5)

)
2x
+
5
=
5x
+
17

)
3(x

5)
+
7
=
9

2(x

1)

.








:

)
5x 7 = 3x + 13

5x

3x
=
13
+
7

2x
=
20








2x 20
=
x = 10



2
2








x
=
10.

)




:

2x
+
5
=
5x
+
17

2x

5x
=
17

5

3x
=
12








3x 12
=


x = 4

3 3









x
=
4.

,
:
2x + 5 = 5x + 17 2(4) + 5 = 5(4) + 17
8 + 5 = 20 + 17 3 = 3
, x = 4 .

28

)






,





-

:

2(x

3)

3(x

2)
=
4(x

5)





2x

6

3x
+
6
=
4x

20




2x

3x

4x
=
20





5x
=
20




5x 20
=
x = 4

5
5
)





:

3(x

5)
+
7
=
9

2(x

1)





3x
+
15
+
7
=
9

2x
+
2




3x
+
2x
=
9
+
2

15

7





x
=
11




x 11
=
x = 11

1 1




x
=
11,


x




11,


11.

1



.

2.3

)
3(x

2)

5(1

2x)
=
2(4x

4)

5(2

x)

)
3(x

1)

2(3

x)
=
4(x
+
2)

(17

x)

)






:

3(x

2)

5(1

2x)
=
2(4x

4)

5(2

x)




3x

6

5
+
10x
=
8x

8

10
+
5x




3x
+
10x

8x

5x
=
8

10
+
6
+
5




0x
=
7





.

)



:

3(x

1)

2(3

x)
=
4(x
+
2)

(17

x)




3x

3

6
+
2x
=
4x
+
8

17
+
x




3x
+
2x

4x

x
=
8

17
+
3
+
6




0x
=
0





,







x.

29

2.4

2x + 3 4 x
=

5
3
3x 2 x 2 x 2 x 14

2
3
4
6

x+2
2x + 5
3 =1

4
3
1 x+2
x2 1 x4
1
+ 2 4

)

=
2 3
2 3 4
4

,




.

2x + 3 4 x
)








= 15

=
5
3
2x + 3
4x
= 15

15









5
3


3(2x
+
3)
=
5(4

x)

6x
+
9
=
20

5x

6x
+
5x
=
20

9




11x 11
=

11x = 11
x =1

11 11



A





= ,







-

B
,





:

:

2x + 3 4 x
=
3(2x + 3) = 5(4 x)





6x
+
9
=
20

5x




5
3
6x
+
5x
=
20

9





11x
=
11





x
=
1

)




=
12,









-




12:

12

30

x+2
2x + 5






3(x
+
2)

36
=
12

4(2x
+
5)




12 3 = 12 1 12
4
3
3x
+
6

36
=
12

8x

20





3x
+
8x
=
12

20

6
+
36




11x 22
11x
=
22






=
x = 2

11 11

)




2,
3,
4,
6


12.
:

3x 2
x2
x2
x 14
12
= 12
12
12





2
3
4
6
6(3x

2)

4(x

2)
=
3(x

2)

2(x

14)

18x

12

4x
+
8
=
3x

6

2x
+
28




18x

4x

3x
+
2x
=
6
+
28
+
12

8




13x = 26

13x 26
=
x=2

13 13

1 x+2

+ 2





.



)



2 3

1
x2



4
,








4
2
.





:

1 x+2
x2 1 x4
1





+ 2 4
=

2 3
2 3 4
4
x+2
x2 x4









= 24

+1 1 +
=
6
8
12
x+2
x2
x4
24





+ 24
= 24
6
8
12


4(x
+
2)
+
3(x

2)
=
2(x

4)

4x
+
8
+
3x

6
=
2x

8





4x
+
3x

2x
=
8

8
+
6




5x 10
5x = 10
x = 2

=
5
5





5 2(x 3) = 5 2x + 6 =


= 11 2x

5 2(x 3) = 5 2x 6 =

3 6

x2
= 3 1(x 2) =


6
= 3 x + 2 = 5 x

= 1 2x

3 6

x2
= 3 x 2 =


6
=1 x

31


3

1 6



x5
= 1 3(x 5) =


2
= 1 3x + 15 = 16 3x

1 6

x5
= 1 3 x 5 =


2
= 1 5 3x = 4 3x

:













-





,





:

(
+
)
=


,


(

)
=

+



,



,











(


1),



-







.

. x =
x = :
1
0, , :
x =

x
=

x=

2
= 0, , . ,
, .
0, ,
( = 0)
( 0).

32

 = 0, 0x = 0
x.
.

:
x =
0 x =

= 0 0, .
= 0 = 0, .
, .
, , :
x = , :
= 0 = 0
x = , = 0 0.

2.5

1)x
=
8.

=
3.

1.

=
1;

2;

)



=
3




(

1)x
=
8

:

(3 1)x = 8 2x = 8

2x 8
x=4

=
2 2

)




1





1

0.
















1,


:

33

( 1)x
8
8
=
x=


1
1
1

)



=
1,






(

1)x
=
8





1,
:

(1

1)x
=
8





0x
=
8





.

)









2,




(

1)x
=
8





x
=
2.


:

(

1)2
=
8





2(

1)
=
8





2

2
=
8





2
=
8
+
2




2 10
2 = 10
=5

=
2
2

2.6

,
,






.
:


13
+

+

=

+

+






13
=







=
13





,







-


.


19
+

+

=

+

+






19
=







=
19





,







-


.


15
+

+

=

+

+






15
=







=
15





,







.

34









=
15,


=
13




=
19,










.

2.7







:

)
5
+

=
30

)
9


=
20

)
5
=
35

)


12
=
30

)
3



4
=
17

)
5

9


=
50

2.8







:

)




0,





0x
=

)



=

=
0,





x
=

)



+

=

+
,






=






0,

)



=
,





(

)x
=
2

2

)




(

1)x
=
3



,

2.9







()





()

.

)



2x

7
=
5x
+
20





9.

)


7x
=
42




6.

)


x
+
3
=
1
+
x
+
2

.

)


3x
=
18




6.

)


3x

5
=
4
+
3x

.

)


0x
=
2

.

)


0y
=
0

.

35



2.10




:

)
2x
+
21
=
4
+
x

)
3(x

4)
+
2(x
+
5)
=
2x
+
25
+
4(x

8)

)
2(2x

1)
+
11
=
4(x
+
1)
+
5

)
x
+
18

4(x
+
6)
=
3(6

x)

2.11




:

)
3x
+
7
=
4x
+
5

)
3x
+
6
+
2x
=
5x

6

6x
+
12

)
2x
+
4
=
6x

7

4x

)
4(x

1)

8x
+
1
=
10(x

9)

9(x

8)

)
4(5x
+
12)

2(19x
+
6)
=
18(2

x)

)
8x

4(3x

1)
=
1

(4x
+
1)

2.12




:

x
2 1 x
+ 1 = +


5
5 15 3

)

x x
x

)
+ + 10 = 5 + 2


3 2
6

)

x 2 11 1 2x
+ =


3
2
4

)
x +

x+ 1
2

4 = 1 + 3x 1

2.13




:

)

2x + 1 5x 8
=



3
4

)

3(x 1) + 4 5 2(x 8)
=


2
3

)

5x + 2 x + 1 2x 1
+
=


12
4
3

2.14




:

36

)

x2 2x
x2

= x 5



2
4
7



)



)

2(x + 1) x + 2(x + 2) x x
+
= +


3
6
2 3

x1

x+1

2+

3 = x +1

)
25x (5 6x) = 3x + 19 [(4x 5) 3]

x 1
1 1 6 5x


)
= x +
6 3
2 3 15

2.15











-

x.

)

3(x
+
5)

(5

6x)
=
2(4x
+
3)
+
x
+
4

)

2x 3 x 3 3x + 1

=
1

2
4
4

2.16






x





-

:

)
2(x
+
3)

(x
+
7)
=
x

5

)
3

)

3 4x + 1 = 2x + 5

)
(x

1)x
=
x2

(x
+
2)

x1
5

5x + 1 3x 1 5 2x

=
12
4
6

10

2.17



(x
+
3)

4
=
(2

3)x
+
8.

)



=
2,









x
=
6.

)








x
=
4,






.

)







=
3.

2.18





,






:

)
(

3)x
=
5

)
[3( 1) + 6 ] x = 10

2.19





,








-

:

)
(

4)x
=
0

)
[ 2(1 ) + 4 ] x = 0

2.20



x,
y


:

.

37

2.21






x,

.



2.22



:

x 3 2x 3
3x 1

=
+ x


5
3
2
8 x 3x 5 x + 6 x
+
=





)

6
3
2
3


)

3 x x 2
2x 1

=x
4
3
6
x+4 x4
3x 1

=2+
)

3
5
15

)

2.23

8.

:



)

x,

)


,



=
26,



)






.

2.24



:

)

6 3x 2x 1 x 4

=
4
3
2

)

(x 3) 4 1 2(x 3) 6 3(x 3)

=
2
3
4

2.25

.

)





,



,







.

)





,



,








.

)












.

2.26



:

)
3x

3(x
+
1)
=
x
+
2(x
+
1)
+
1

)

38

x + 4 x 4 1 3x

=
2

5
3
15

2(x 1) 2 1 5x


=
2
4
1
1
x 23
)
(x + 5) 7 = (1 x) +


4
7
4

)

2.27



:

x + 1 3x + 2
7x 2

=3x
3
4
6
x 2 3 2x 5 + x 9 + 4x



+
=

)

3
4
6
12


)

x + 1 3x + 2 1 2x x + 2

3
5
10
15
1
1
)
2x (19 2x) = (2x 11)

2
2

)

2.28




:

)

x 1 x + 2 5 x

+ 1 3 = 1

4
12

3

)

1 x
x
3x

+ 3(x 5) + 5 = 0

8 2 + 5 6

2 3
2
2

)

3x 2
x+7
7x 103

+ 5 4x +
= 9x
2 3
3
10 3

3x 1
x + 3

)
3 x
1 2 x
= 5x 2

4
5

2.29



:

7+x

)
1 + 5 8
= 26


3

)
3 + {[5 (x + 7) : 9] 3 7} 5 = 28

2.30




x

5
=
2x
+
7.

)








x
=
.



)





,





.

2.31




x
+
3
=
x
+
6.

)








x
=
.

)





,
,








-

.

)





,
,






.

39

1

)


;

)






:

i)




=
,




+

=

+

ii)



=






0,


=

iii)


0x
=
5

iv)



0x
=



.

)






()





()



.

i)



=
,






=


.




x y
ii)


x
=
y





0,


= .









iii)


=
,


=
.

iv)


0x
=



.

2

:

)
4(x

1)

8x
+
1
=
10(x

9)

9(x

8)


)

3 x x 2
2x 1

=x
4
3
6

)
8x

4(3x

1)
=
1

(4x
+
1)

3

.

)





,



,

-






.

)





,



,

-







.

)












.

40

1