Chuyn LTH H Phng Trnh M + Logarit I S

Gv: Nguyn Lng Thnh (Nm hc 2012 2013) Trang 2

Hng dn gii cc bi tp h phng trnh m + logarit
Bi 17) Gii h phng trnh:
( )( ) ( )
( )
ln 2ln ln ln
ln ln 1 1
2 3.4 4.2 2
x y
x y x y
e e y x xy
+

= +

Gii:
iu kin: x > 0, y > 0 (*). Khi : 1 + xy > 0
Xt pt (1): ( )( ) ln ln 1
x y
e e y x xy = +
* TH1: x > y
Khi :
0
ln ln ln - ln 0
x y x y
e e e e
x y
x y y x
> >
>

> <

Do pt (1) v nghim khi x > y.
* TH2: x < y
Khi :
0
ln ln ln - ln 0
x y x y
e e e e
x y
x y y x
< <
<

< >

Do pt (1) v nghim khi x < y.
* TH3: x = y
Vi x = y th (1) tha mn. Thay vo (2) ta c:
3ln ln ln 3ln x 2lnx lnx
2 3.4 4.2 2 3.2 4.2 0
x x x
= =

lnx
lnx 2
lnx
2 0
2 1 ln x 2
2 4
x e y
=

= = = =

(tha (*))
Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( ) ( )
2 2
; ; x y e e = .
Bi 19) Gii h phng trnh:
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1
2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y

+ + = +

+ + = +

(1)
Gii: H phng trnh (1)
( )
( )
2
1
2
1
1 1 1 3
1 1 1 3
y
x
x x
y y

+ + =

+ + =

t u = x 1; v = y 1. Khi h phng trinh tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
2
1 3 2
1 3 3
v
u
u u
v v

+ + =

+ + =

Ly (2) (3) ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 3 3 1 3 1
v u u v
u v u v u u v v + + + = + + + = + + + (*)
Xt hm s ( )
2
3 1 ,
t
f t t t t R = + + + e
Ta c: ( )
2
2 2
1
' 3 ln3 1 3 ln3
1 1
t t
t t t
f t
t t
+ +
= + + = +
+ +

V t
2
+ 1 > t
2
teR nn
2 2
1 t t t t + > = > . Do :
2
1 0 t t + + > teR.
Suy ra ( )
2
2
1
' 3 ln3 0
1
t
t t
f t t R
t
+ +
= + > e
+

Do hm s f(t) ng bin trn R
Khi pt (*) f(u) = f(v) u = v
Thay u = v vo pt (1) ta c:
( )
2 2 2
1 3 1 3 1 3 1
u u u
u u u u u u + + = + + = = + (**)
Chuyn LTH H Phng Trnh M + Logarit I S

Gv: Nguyn Lng Thnh (Nm hc 2012 2013) Trang 3

Ta nhn thy u = 0 l nghim ca pt (**).
Xt hm s ( )
( )
2
3 . 1
u
g u u u = + vi u eR
Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1
' 3 ln3. 1 1 3 3 . 1 ln3 0
1 1
u u u
u
g u u u u u u R
u u
| | | |
= + + = + > e
| |
+ + \ . \ .

Do hm s g(u) ng bin trn R
Suy ra pt (**) c nghim duy nht u = 0 v = 0
Vi
0
0
u
v
=

th ta c
1 0 1
1 0 1
x x
y y
= =

= =


Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1).
Bi 20) Gii h phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
x - 2 2
x - 4 x + 1 = y y + 5 1
x - 2
log y + 2 = 2
y

Hng dn: iu kin:
2; 3
2; 0
x x
y y
> =

> =

Xt pt(1): ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 1 5 3x 5 4 0 8 16 3x 3 12 0 x x y y x y y x y y y + = + = + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
4
4 3 4 0 4 1 0
1 0
x y
x y x y x y x y
x y loai
= +
+ = + + =

+ + =

Thay x = y + 4 vo pt (2) ta c kt qu.
Bi 21) Gii h phng trnh:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1
2
2
3
2 2 1
2
2 1 2 2 2
x
y
x
xy
x y x x xy

+ + =

+ + = +

Hng dn: iu kin: x 0.
Pt(2)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2x 2.1. 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 x y x y x x y x x y x + + + = + = + =
2
1 2x
y
x

=
Thay vo pt (1) ta c:
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2x 1 1 2
2 2
2 2
2x 3 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x


+ + = + =

2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 2x 1 1 1 1 2x
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x

| | | |
| | | |
+ = + = +
| | | |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .

Xt ( )
1
2
2
t
f t t = + vi t eR.
Bi 22) Gii h phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1
ln ln 1 1
2
1 2
x y xy y x
x y

= +

+ =

Hng dn: iu kin: x > 0, y > 0.
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:
( )( )
2 2 3 3
1
ln ln ln ln
2
x y xy x y y x x y y x = + + =
3 3
ln ln x x y y + = + . Xt hm s ( )
3
ln f t t t = + vi t > 0. s: ( )
2 2
; ;
2 2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

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