TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(42).

2011

NGHIN CU TCH ION PB2+ TRONG DUNG DCH NC BNG VT LIU HP PH TANIN CHIT TCH T V KEO TAI TNG
A STUDY ON THE REMOVAL OF PB2+ ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY TANNIN ADSORBENT EXTRACTED FROM ACACIA MANGIUM BARK L T Hi
Trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng

Phng Vn B
Hc vin cao hc Ha Hu c, Kha 2008- 2011 i hc Nng

TM TT Tanin c chit tch t v cy keo tai tng Qu Sn Qung Nam. Tanin thu c cho phn ng vi dung dch formaldehyde trong mi trng amoniac to hp cht tanin khng tan (TK). TK thu c c nhng u im vt tri so vi tanin thng thng, l khng tan trong nc v kh nng hp ph ion kim loi nng rt tt. nh hng ca mt s yu t nh thi 2+ 2+ gian khuy, pH dung dch, nng Pb n kh nng hp ph Pb trn TK c kho st. Hiu sut hp ph ti u t 99,00% iu kin: thi gian khuy 90 pht, nng TK 0,1 g/ 50 2+ ml dung dch, nng Pb 2,0 mg/l, pH = 6,0. Hiu sut gii hp ph ti u t 89,70% pH = 2+ 2,0. Qu trnh hp ph Pb tun theo phng trnh hp ph ng nhit Freundlich. ABSTRACT Tannin was extracted from the acacia mangium bark in some forests of Que Son district, Quang Nam province and changed into tannin-based absorbent (TK) by reaction of tannin with formaldehyde in amoniac solution. The produced TK showed better properties than normal tannins such as insolubility in water and high absorptivity of heavy metal ions. The 2+ influence of different factors such as shaking time, pH of aqueous solution, Pb concentration 2+ on the adsorption ability of Pb on the TK have also been investigated. The optimum absorptivity was 99.00% on the conditions where shaking time was 90 minutes, the 2+ concentration of TK was 0.1g of 50ml of solution, the concentration of Pb was 2.0 mg/l and 2+ pH was at 6.0. The optimum desorptivity was 89.70% at pH of 2.0. The Pb absorption process was conducted following Freundlich isothermal absorption equation.

1. t vn Ch c kh nng tch ly trong c th, gy c thn kinh, gy cht nu b nhim c nng. Ch cng rt c i vi ng vt thy sinh. Ch c trong nc thi ca cc c s sn xut pin, acqui, luyn kim, ha du. Ch cn c a vo mi trng nc t ngun khng kh b nhim do kh thi giao thng [1,2,3]. Mt s phng php c s dng tch Pb2+ nh in phn, thm thu ngc, x l ho hc hay hp ph [4,5]. Tuy nhin, cc phng php ny c gi thnh cao. Vic s dng cc hp cht c trong t nhin lm cht hp ph thn thin mi trng trong x l ion kim loi nng trong nc v ang c cc nh khoa hc quan tm nghin cu [6]. Trong cng trnh ny, chng ti trnh by kt qu nghin cu qu trnh tch Pb2+ trong dung dch nc bng vt liu hp ph tanin c chit tch t v cy keo tai tng.
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2. Vt liu v phng php nghin cu 2.1. Chun b vt liu hp ph TK Tanin c chit tch t v cy keo tai tng ti cc tiu khu rng trng Qu Sn - Qung Nam bng phng php un vi dung mi nc [7]. Cho 20,0 gam tanin thu c vo 125 ml dung dch amoniac 13,3N v khuy cho n tan hon ton (khong 10 pht), sau thm vo 165 ml dung dch formaldehyde 37% v khi lng v khuy trong 30 pht phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc ly kt ta v ra bng nc ct, sau cho kt ta vo 125 ml nc ct khuy v un hi lu 700C trong thi gian 3 gi. Tip tc lc ly kt ta cho vo 125 ml HNO3 0,1N v khuy 30 pht. Lc ly kt ta v ra bng nc ct nhiu ln cho n khi nc thu c c mu trong. Sn phm thu c nhit phng v sau sy 400C trong 10 gi lm kh. Sn phm kh c nghin thnh bt v s dng lm vt liu hp ph. 2.2. Phng php hp ph Qu trnh hp ph c tin hnh bng k thut b tc khuy 300 vng/pht vi 50 ml dung dch Pb2+ c nng xc nh c pha t dung dch gc Pb(NO3)2 1000 mg/l. pH dung dch c iu chnh bng dung dch NaOH, HNO3. Cc ho cht u c mc tinh khit phn tch v c pha ch trong nc ct hai ln. nh hng ca cc yu t nh thi gian khuy, pH dung dch, nng Pb2+ n qu trnh hp ph v pH dung dch trong qu trnh gii hp c kho st. Sau khi hp ph ti cc khong thi gian xc nh, huyn ph c lc bng giy lc bng xanh v phn tch nng Pb2+ trong dung dch thu c bng phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t trn my AAS 800. Hiu sut qu trnh hp ph (%A) v hng s phn b Kd c tnh nh sau [8]:

%A =

Co Ce .100 (1) Co

Kd =

Co Ce V (cm 3 / g ) (2) Ce m

Trong Co: nng Pb2+ trc x l, Ce: nng Pb2+ cn bng sau x l, V: th tch dung dch, m: khi lng TK.
3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. nh hng ca pH dung dch n qu trnh hp ph ion Pb2+

nh hng ca pH dung dch n qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ c kho st trong vng pH = 3,0 8,0 vi iu kin: nng Pb2+ 5 mg/l, nng TK 0,1 g/l, nhit 30oC, thi gian khuy 60 pht. Kt qu thu c th hin hnh 1. Trong vng pH = 3,0 6,0 hiu sut qu trnh hp ph tng khi pH tng, sau pH tng th hiu sut gim pH = 7,0 8,0. Nguyn nhn nh hng ca pH n qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ trn TK c gii thch l do s hp ph cnh tranh ca H+ v s tch in dng trn b mt TK vng pH thp nh hng n s to phc gia ion Pb2+ vi cc nhm OH vng thm ca tanin; cn vng pH = 7,0 8,0 c xut hin kt
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ta Pb(OH)2 nn hiu sut hp ph gim. V vy, dung dch c pH = 6,0 c chn cho qu trnh tch Pb2+.
100 80 A% 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 pH
Hnh 1. nh hng ca pH n hiu sut hp ph Pb2+

94 78.4 41.6 21 6

80.6

81.4

10

3.2. nh hng ca thi gian khuy n qu trnh hp ph ion Pb2+

nh hng ca thi gian khuy n hiu sut hp ph Pb2+ trn vt liu TK c nghin cu trong iu kin: nng Pb2+ 5,0 mg/l, nng TK 0,1g/ 50 ml, pH = 6,0, nhit 30oC. Thi gian khuy thay i t 10 180 pht. Kt qu thu c th hin Hnh 2.

120 100 80 A% 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 thi gian (pht)

Hnh 2. nh hng ca thi gian n hiu sut hp ph Pb2+

93.6 62.4 23.8

97

97.2

96.8

96

150

200

Hnh 2 cho thy, khi thi gian khuy tng th hiu sut hp ph tng v cn bng hp ph t c sau 90 pht. V vy, thi gian khuy 90 pht c chn lm thi gian ti u cho cc nghin cu tip theo.
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3.3. nh hng ca nng Pb2+ ban u n qu trnh hp ph ion Pb2+

Hnh 3 th hin nh hng ca nng Pb2+ n qu trnh hp ph iu kin: thi gian khuy 90 pht, nng TK 0,1 g/ 50 ml, nhit 30oC. Nng Pb2+ thay i t 2,0 20,0 mg/l.
100 98 96 94

60000 50000 40000 Kd 30000 20000 10000 0

0 5 10 15 20 25

92 90 88 86 84 C ( Pb 2 +) mg / l

10

15

20

25

C(Pb2+) m g/l

Hnh 3. th nh hng ca nng Pb2+ n hiu sut hp ph v hng s phn b Kd .

Nh vy, hiu sut hp ph v hng s phn b Kd gim mnh khi nng Pb2+ tng.
3.4. ng ng nhit hp ph ion Pb2+

Phng trnh ng nhit hp ph Freundlich c p dng cho qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ trn TK [4]: x 1 lg = lg K + lg C e (3) m n Trong Ce l nng Pb2+ cn bng (mg/l), x/m l lng Pb2+ b hp ph (mg/g), K v n l hng s lin quan n nhit v c trng cho h hp ph. th lgx/m lgCe c xy dng v th hin hnh 4.
2.5 2 lg (x/m ) 1.5 1 0.5 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 lgCe
Hnh 4. th Freundlich cho qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ trn TK 114

0.5

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(42).2011

Kt qu cho thy, s hp ph Pb2+ trn TK tun theo ng nhit hp ph Freundlich. T th tnh c gi tr K = 101,95 v n = 6,63. Gi tr ca n = 6,63 chng t qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ trn TK xy ra tt.
3.5. nh hng ca pH dung dch n qu trnh gii hp ph ion Pb2+

Cn 0.1 gam TK cho vo 50 ml dung dch Pb2+ c nng 5 mg/l vi pH = 6; khuy vi tc 300 vng/pht; thi gian 90 pht. Thu TK hp ph ion Pb2+, em ra sch bng nc ct 2 ln sau cho thm vo 50 ml nc ct c pH bit trc v khuy vi tc 300 vng/pht; thi gian khuy 90 pht nhit 30oC. Kt qu thu c th hin bng 1 v hnh 5.
Bng 1. nh hng ca pH dung dch n qu trnh gii hp ph ion Pb2+

pH C hp ph (mg/l) C gii hp ph (mg/l) %A gii hp ph

2 4.85 4.35 89.70

3 4.85 3.28 67.63

4 4.85 2.10 43.30

5 4.85 0.56 11.55

6 4.85 0.15 3.10

7 4.85 0.21 4.33

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 pH 5 6 7 8

A% gii hp ph

Hnh 5. nh hng ca pH n qu trnh gii hp ph ion Pb2+

Hnh 5 cho thy pH cng thp tc l nng H+ cng cao th qu trnh gii hp ph cng tt. pH = 2 qu trnh gii hp ph t 89,70%.
4. Kt lun

Nghin cu thu c mt s kt qu sau: - Tanin tch t v keo tai tng c th chuyn thnh tanin khng tan vi formaldehyde (TK) v c s dng lm vt liu hp ph tch ion Pb2+ trong nc. - Hiu sut hp ph Pb2+ trn TK chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t v t 99,00% iu kin ti u: thi gian khuy 90 pht, nng TK 0,1 g/ 50 ml dung dch, nng Pb2+ 2 mg/l, pH = 6,0.
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- Qu trnh hp ph Pb2+ tun theo ng nhit hp ph Freundlich. Gi tr n = 6,63 cho thy qu trnh hp ph l thun li. - Qu trnh gii hp ph Pb2+ trn TK xy ra t l thun vi nng H+ v t 89,70% pH = 2.
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] L Vn Ct (1999), C s ho hc v x l nc, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. [2] Trn Hng Cn, ng Kim Loan, Chu Th Thu Hin (2000), Kim loi nng trong mi trng nc. Mt s kt qu phn tch v nh gi ti khu vc H Ni, Hi ngh khoa hc phn tch ha l v sinh hc Vit Nam ln th nht. [3] Trn c H (2000), Kim loi nng trong nc thi cng nghip khu vc pha Bc v cc bin php x l, Tuyn tp cng trnh khoa hc - i hc Xy dng H Ni, trang 15-26. [4] Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga (2005), Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. [5] M. I. Panayotova, Kinetics and thermodynamics of copper ions removal from waste water by use of zeolite, Waste Management 21 (2001) 671-676. [6] Nakano, Y., Takeshita, K. and T. Tsutsumi, 2001. Adsorption Mechanism of Hexavalent Chromium by Redox within Condensed tanin - Gel, Water Research, 35 (2): 496-500. [7] L T Hi, Phm Th Thy Trang, Dng Ngc Cm, Trn Vn Thm, Nghin cu chit tch, xc nh thnh phn ha hc ca hp cht tanin t l ch xanh v kho st tnh cht c ch n mn kim loi ca n, Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh i hc Nng s 1(36) 2010, 71-76. [8] L T Hi, Nghin cu tch ion Cd2+ trong dung dch nc bng vt liu hp ph bentonit Thun Hi, Tp ch Ha hc v ng dng, s 2 (62)/2007, 37-39.

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