ဝင္းတင့္ထြန္း အေမွာင္ၾကားက ဗမာျပည္

(teD;acwf Armjynf edik if aH &;vSKy&f mS ;rSK ordik ;f tusO;f )
(1948-2000)
tarSmif=um;u Armjynf
(teD ; acwf Armjynf Ed k i f i H a &;v_ y f & S m ;r_ ord k i f ; tusOf ; )
(1948-2000)
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tarSmifMum;u Armjynf
( teD;acwf ArmjynfEikd if aH &;vSKy&f mS ;rSKordik ;f tusO;f 1948-2000 )
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information@dpns.org
alinneain@hotmail.com
aalinneain@yahoo.com
swammyaing@yahoo.com
PO Box 50
AP Maesot
TAK 63110
THANLAND
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(teD;acwf ArmjynfEidk if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_ordik ;f tusO;f 1948-2000 pmtkyu
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2007 ckESpf/ arv (1) &uf?
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teD;acwf ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ordkif;tusOf;(1948-2000) [m
jrefrmEdkifiHudkcspfwJh/ jrefrmjynfolawGudkcspfwJh/ jrefrmjynfopfudk xkqpf
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tvif ; td r f p mapmif & J a bmf r sm; (*syef )
2007ckESpf arv(1)&uf?
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1? ed'gef; .............................................................................................................................. 11
2? ordkif;aemufcHum;csyfrsm; ............................................................................................... 15
tydkif; ( 1 )
1948 - 1958 umv
1? vGwfvyfa&;udka=unmjcif; ............................................................................................. 72
2? vGwfvyfa&;&ump ArmEdkifiHtajctae ........................................................................ 75
3? vGwfvyfaom jrefrmEkdifiHawmfacgif;pOfatmufrSm ............................................................ 81
4? jynfwGif;ppf}uD; pwifaygufzGm;vmjcif; .......................................................................... 87
5? jynfwGif;ppfudk b,folp ................................................................................................. 90
6? jynfwGif;ppftp EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESifh qufwdkuf
ay:xGufvmcJhaom ppfrD;v#Hrsm; ...................................................................................... 98
7? u&ifhvufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;eJ &efukeftpdk;& ............................................................ 120
8? 1951 - 52 ygvDref'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGaG;aumufyJG ............................................... 139
9? jynfawmfompDrHudef;/ wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHawmf .................................... 142
10? 1955/ zqyv/ Auy/ yrnw eJ jrefrmEkdifiHawmf .................................................... 162
11? +idrf;csrf;a&;/ tywfwkdufa&;eJ jrefrmEkdifiHawmf .......................................................... 169
12? 1956 ckESpf ygvDref'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG/
tm%m& zqyv tuGJeJ jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;auG;a=umfoH ..................................... 175
13? zqyv yduGJjcif;/ yxrqkH;aom ppfwyftm%modrf;r_eJ
zqyv q,fESpfq,frdk; ed*kH;csKyfcsuf ........................................................................... 197
14? zqyv q,fESpf q,frdk;acwf ed*kH;csKyf ...................................................................... 226
tyd k i f ; (2)
1958-1962 umv
1? ppftkyfpk}uD;arG;zGm;jcif;/ ppftm%m&SifpepftwGuf Zmwfwdkufjcif; odkr[kwf
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&acwf ................................................................................................... 232
2? 1960 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ/ yxp/ OD;-Adkvf-ocif-q&m eJ@ ygvDrefacwfae0ifcsdef
jrefrmEkdifiHawmf&J tajctae ..................................................................................... 252
3? ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwfed*kH;csKyfcsuf ............................................................................... 291
tyd k i f ; (3)
awmf v S e f a &;aumif p D a cwf
1962-1974
1?
2?
3?
4?
1962 ckESpf ppfwyftm%modrf;r_ESifh Armjynfppftm%m&Sifpepf ed'gef; .......................

rqv/ acwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;eJArmjynfEdkifiHa&;tajctae .....................................
7 &ufZlvdkifta&;tcif; (odk) ppftpdk;&&JvlowfyGJ .....................................................
jrefrmhenf;jrefrmh[ef pyful;rwful;umveJ ppftm%m&Sifpepf&J
yGJOD;xGufajcvSrf;rsm; ....................................................................................................
5? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf yxrESpftwGif; ArmEdkifiHtajctaetusOf;csKyf ..................
6? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; awGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;eJ
EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;&JtoH/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&Joabmxm;trSef ........................
7? +idrf;csrf;a&; awGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk ed*kH;csKyf=unfhjcif; ...................................................
8? +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ysufjym;+yD;aemuf ppftpdk;&&JajcvSrf;rsm;eJ
ppftm%m&Sifpepfatmufu Armjynf ..........................................................................
9? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf (okdr[kwf) ppftm%m&Sifpepf (yxrykdif;) ed*kH;csKyfcsuf .......
304
310
317
324
330
336
356
359
408
tyd k i f ; (4)
jref r mh q k d & S , f v pf v rf ; pOf y gwD a cwf (ok d r[k w f )
wygwD t m%m&S i f p epf a cwf (od k @ r[k w f )
ppf t m%m&S i f p epf a cwf ('k w d , yk d i f ; )
(1974-1988)
1? wygwDtm%m&SifpepfeJ tqufrjywfay:xGufvmwJh vlxkwkdufyGJrsm; .......................
2? 1974 ZGef (6) tvkyform;oydwf}uD; ..........................................................................
3? OD;oef@psmyeta&;tcif; ..............................................................................................
4? 1975 ZGef (6) tvkyform;ESpfvnfoydwf}uD; .............................................................
5? rd_if;&mjynfh ...................................................................................................................
6? rqv wGif;uae xGufay:vmwJhrD;awmufrsm; ...........................................................
7? rqvtkyfpkd;r_tapmykdif;umv&J jynfwGif;tajctae/ EkdifiHwumhtajctae ..............
8? rqvwygwDtm%m&Sifpepfacwf aemufykdif;umv .....................................................
9? 1985 ckESpf 0ef;usiftajctae .....................................................................................
10? rqvacwfae0ifcsdef ESifh a'0gvDcHoGm;&aomEkdifiHawmf ...............................................
11? &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH}uD; ay:xGef;vmjcif; ...............................................................
12? ppftm%m&Sifpepf/ wygwDtm%m&Sifpepf (26) ESpfwm ed*kH;csKyf ................................
413
416
418
423
426
427
430
439
445
448
451
466
tyd k i f ; (5)
e0w/ etz acwf
1988-2000
1? e0w +idrfydvrf;pOfeJ ta&;awmfykH}uD;&J r+yD;qkH;ao;aomwkdufyGJpOf ............................ 480
2? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ay:aygufvmjcif;eJ EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ............................................. 487
3? 1989 ckESpf Armjynftajctae ................................................................................... 494
4? Auy }uD; yduGJjcif;eJ +idrf;tzGJawGpwifjcif; .................................................................. 498
5? wif;rmvmr_rsm;/ uGefz&efaw;&Sif;eJ ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ............................ 500
6? 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJ}uD; .......................................................................................... 510
7? 90 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf Armjynf ................................................................ 513
0if;wihfxGef;
8? ajymif;vJvmwJh EdkifiHwumtajctaeeJ e0w acwfOD; Armjynf&J

pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;/ vlr_a&; bufaygif;pHktajctae .......................................... 522
9? trsKd;om;nDvmcH/ ppfwyf&Jtm%mavmbeJ ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;tajctae ................ 527
10? ppftpkd;&&JajcvSrf;rsm;/ azmufjyef,kwfrmr_rsm;/ EkdifiHa&;t=uyftwnf;rsm;eJ
'Drkdua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/ tjzpftysufrsm; ................................................................. 538
11? etzacwf EdkifiHa&; xdyfwdkufyGJrsm;/ wif;rmr_rsm;eJ Armjynf ...................................... 547
12? ouU&mZf 2000 ukeftxd e0w/ etz acwf ed*Hk;csKyfcsuf ...................................... 556
ed*kH; .................................................................................................................................. 558
usrf ; ud k ;
&nf!ef;udk;um; pmtkyfrsm; ....................................................................................... 560
t*FvdyfbmomeJpmtkyfrsm; ........................................................................................ 561
*sme,fr*~Zif;pmapmifpmwrf;rsm; ................................................................................. 561
10
teD ; acwf A rmjynf E k d i f i H a &;v_ y f & S m ;r_ o rd k i f ; tusOf ; (1948-2000)
0if;wihfxGef;
ed'gef;
20 &mpk Armjynfordkif;udk t=urf;zsif;=unfhvdkufr,fqdk&if - 1901 ckESpfrS 1947 ckESpftxd[m udkvdkeDacwfArmjynfordkif;/
- 1948 ckESpfrS 2000 jynfhESpftxd[m vGwfvyfa&;a=unm+yD;acwf Armjynfordkif;/
wenf;tm;jzifh rsufarSmufacwf teD;acwf Armjynfordkif;vdk@ ajym&ygvdrfhr,f?
udv
k ekd aD cwf Armjynfordik ;f [m u|eaf cwfArmjynfordik ;f vd@k ajym&rSmjzpfovd/k vGwv
f yf
a&;a=unm+yD;acwf Armjynfordik ;f [mvnf; tarSmifacwf Armjynfordik ;f vd@k yJ xyfqifzh iG q
hf &kd rSm
jzpfygw,f?
tckazmfjyr,fh ordik ;f [m tarSmifacwfArmjynfordik ;f jzpfygw,f? tarSmifacwf Armjynf
ordkif;[m tarSmifxJuArmjynfta=umif;yJjzpfygw,f? tarSmifacwf Armjynfordkif;udk jyefvnf
=unfhvdkufwJhtcg - ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;udk pwifa=unmvdkufwJh 1948 ckESpfuae/ 1958 ckESpftxd
zqyv (10)ESpf q,frdk;acwf/
- 1958 ckESpfuae 1960 txd tdrfapmihftpdk;& ppftpdk;&acwf/
- 1960 uae 1962 txd yxpacwf/
- 1962 uae 1988 txd rqv ppftpdk;&acwf/
- 1988 ckESpfuae 2000jynfhtxd e0w/ etzacwf/
'DacwfawGudk xyf+yD;csKyf=unfhvdkuf&if
- zqyvacwf eJ@ yxpacwfu ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf/
- rqvacwfeJ@ e0w/ etzacwfu ppftm%m&Sifacwf/
- aemufq;kH tcsKyfu ygvrD ef'rD u
kd a&pDacwfe@J ppftm%m&Sipf epfacwf qdw
k mudyk J awG&
vdrfhr,f?
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kd a&pDacwf}uD;atmufrmS arSmife@J rrJ J jzpfc&hJ wJh Armjynf[m ppftm%m&Sipf epf
acwfatmufrSm ydef;ydwfatmifarSmifwJhb0 usa&mufcJh&ygw,f?
ppftm%m&Sipf epf tarSmifatmufrmS Armjynf}uD;[m tqif;&Jq;kH / tiwfjywfq;kH / kyt
f
qdk;qHk;/ temusif&qHk; jzpfcJhygw,f? tarSmifqHk;jzpfovdk t&Snf=umqHk;vnf;jzpfcJhygw,f? jzpfaeyg
w,f?
11
0if;wihfxGef;
Armjynf jynforl sm;&J nnf;nLoH/ idak u;G oH/ tH}uw

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f /H wufacguo
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oHawG[mvnf; w&Hrvyf =um;ae&ygw,f? ppfreS w
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f yfa&;&J t&om Armjynf jynforl sm;
rcHpm;&ao;yg? at;jrwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;tppf&J&o Armjynf jynfolrsm; rxdawG&ao;yg? wef;wlnD
r#whJ tcGit
hf a&;eJ@ ppfreS w
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b,fvdkvJ/ bmawGjzpfcJh=uovJ?
rSefrSefuefuef jynfvnf=unfhjrif=uzdk@ oHk;oyf=uzdk@vdkygr,f? twdwfudk jyef=unfhwm[m
ordkif;udk jyef=unfhwmjzpfygw,f? ordkif;udk jyef=unfhvdkufwJhtcg
12
0if;wihfxGef;
_idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD; a'gufwm ocifudk,fawmfrd+if;
vGwfvyfa&;ydokum AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
13
13
0if;wihfxGef;
1930 = 1941
wdkArmtpnf;tHk;tvH
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ocifp;kd
ocifoef;xGef;
ocifA[def;
14
ocifodef;az
(odef;azjrifh)
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14
0if;wihfxGef;
ordkif;aemufcHum;csyfrsm;
ordkif;udk jyefvnf=unfh_wJhtcg ordkif;aemufcHum;csyfrsm;udkyg jyefvnf,SOfwGJ qufpyf
=unfhzdk@vdkygw,f? 'grSvJ ydkrdkjynfhpHkyDovmrSmjzpfovdk obm0usus awG@Ekdif jrifEdkif _rdEdkifrSmjzpf
ygw,f?
tjzpftysuw
f ikd ;f [m ta=umif;&if;cH&=dS uygw,f? ordik ;f tjzpftysuw
f ikd ;f [m a&Smifwcif
jzpfay:vm=uwmr[kwyf g? ta=umif;&if;cHawGuv
kd nf; awGatmif&mS / aemufcu
H m;csyaf wGe@J vnf;
wGJzuf=unfh/ obm0usus =unfhEdkifavav trSefw&m;eJ@ eD;avavjzpfygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;acwf Armjynfordkif;udk=unfhzdk@ vGwfvyfa&;pwif a=unmr,fh (1948) ckESpf
eJ@wqufwnf; teD;qHk; (10) ESpfwmumvavmufqD aemufjyef=unfhzdk@ vdkygr,f? wenf;tm;jzifh
(1938) ckESpfavmuftxd jyefvnf=unfhzdk@ vdkygr,f?
1938 ckESpf[m axmifhoHk;&mjynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:xGef;cJhwJhESpfyg? axmifhoHk;&mjynfh
ta&;awmfy}kH uD;udk 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k }uD;u acgi;f aqmifcw
hJ mjzpfygw,f? a&eHajrtvkyo
f rm;xk&J
oydwfwdkufyGJawGeJ@ pwifvdkuf+yD;/ tvkyform;/ ausmif;om;/ &[ef;oHCm/ rdaevlwef;pm;awGeJ@
awmifolv,form;awGyg wcJeuf wufwufuGuG yg0ifqifEGJcJh=uwJh +Adwdo#e,fcsJ qef@usifa&;/
trsKd;om;a&;eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;jzpfygw,f? +Adwdo#e,fcsJorm;rsm;[m
'Dta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk t=urf;zuf ESdyfpufzdcGif;cJhygw,f? tvkyform;awG/ ausmif;om;awG/ &[ef;
oHCmawG/ ocifacgi;f aqmifawG tajrmuftrsm; zrf;qD;ESyd u
f yG cf &H ygw,f? ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif
udkatmifausmf usqHk;cJh&ygw,f? rE Wav;rSm tmZmenf (17) OD; ypfcwfowfjzwfcHcJh&ygw,f?
'Dta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:xGef;cJhwJhumv[m +Adwdo#e,fcsJorm;&Jvufatmuf/ (91) Xme
tkyfcsKyfa&;umvtwGif;rSmyg? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk}uD;aemufydkif; 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)
&ufae@rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ay:aygufvmygw,f? yxrqHk; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;[m
ocifatmifqef;yg? v#Kd0SufygwDtjzpf &yfwnfcJh&ygw,f? ra&S;raESmif; ay:aygufvmwmu jynf
olta&;awmfyHkygwDyg? ajratmuftzGJtpnf;wcktjzpfeJ@yJ pwifcJh&wmyg?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gw[
D m 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k }u;D uae jzmqif;
vmcJ=h uwJh tzGJ tpnf;ESpcf jk zpf+y;D / v#Kd 0Sut
f jzpfe@J yJ &yfwnfc=hJ uum ESpyf gwpD vH;k &J acgi;f aqmifrsm;
[mvnf; yifr 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k }u;D xJrmS ta&;}u;D wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifae=uolawG jzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu ocifatmifqef;[m 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;}uD;&J taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;
jzpfcJhovdk jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwDudk acgif;aqmifzGJpnf;cJhol ocifjr[m 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;}uD;&J
15
0if;wihfxGef;
OuU jzpfcyhJ gw,f? tJ't

D csed rf mS 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k }u;D [m ESpjf crf;uG+J y;D +yjD zpfygw,f? ocifApde/f ocif
xGef;tkyfOD;pD;wJh 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk; eJ@ q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; OD;pD;wJh 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;?
ocifatmifqef;/ ocifp;kd / ocifoef;xGe;f / ocifA[de;f / ocifoed ;f az/ ocifE/k ocifjr/ ocif
AaqG (OD;AaqG) wdk@[m ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;uyg?
uGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwDeJ@ yifr'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;}uD;wdk@[m 1300 jynfh
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;+yD;uwnf;u +Adwdo#e,fcsJtkyfpdk;oludk vufeufeJ@yg jyefvnfwGef;vSef wdkufcdkuf
EdkifrSjzpfr,fqdkwm av;av;eufeuf oabmaygufcJh=uygw,f? tJ'DtwGufvnf; tav;xm;jyif
qif=uygw,f?
1939 ckEpS rf mS 'kw,
d urBmppf}uD;vnf; pwifc+hJ yDjzpfygw,f? Oa&myrSmyJ jzpfymG ;aeqJjzpf+yD;
tm&Sukd ppfr;D ra&mufao;yg? t*Fvyd t
f cufArmtcsuf auG;a=umfox
H u
G af y:vmygw,f? 1939
ckESpf atmufwdkbmvxJrSm ArmhxGuf&yf*dk%f; udk a'gufwmAarmf&J qif;&Jom;tzGJ/ ig;yGifhqdkif
tzGJ@eJ@ 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;wdk@ aygif;+yD;zGJvdkuf=uwmjzpfygw,f? 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk; tr_aqmif
tzGJ0ifawGjzpfwJh ocifatmifqef;/ ocifjr/ ocifEk/ ocifoef;xGef;wkd@ yg0ifvm=uovdk a'gufwm
Aarmf OuU/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;u ocifatmifqef;/ e,fcsJqef@usifa&;wyfaygif;pktjzpf
zGJpnf; vdkuf=uwmjzpfygw,f?
'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k &J vuf;kH wyfrsm;eJ@ ausmif;om;or*~&J oHr%dwyfzJG rsm;[mvJ t*Fvyd f
udk vufeufuikd w
f u
kd cf u
kd Ef idk &f ef &nf&,
G +f y;D ppfa&;avhusirhf a_ wG wd;k +y;D avhusijhf yifqifvm=uygw,f?
Apdef-xGef;tkyf ocif*dk%f;uvnf; vufeufudkifwdkufcdkufEdkifa&; oabmxm; csrSwfjyif
qifvmygw,f? EdkifiHjcm;tquftoG,f&SmazG+yD; ppful,lrSjzpfr,fvdk@vJ qHk;jzwfxm;=uygw,f?
Edik if aH &;tzGJ tpnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m aAmfvw
H ,
D mwyfawG xlaxmifxm;=uygw,f?
a'guw
f mAarmf&J qif;&Jom;ygwu
D "g;rwyf/ OD;apm&JrsK;d cspyf gwu
D *VKefwyfz@JG xm;ygw,f? "m;rwyf
wdk@ *VKefwyfwdk@[m oufqdkif&mygwD&J cg;ydkufaqmifwyfawGomjzpf+yD; 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;}uD;&J
vufHk;wyfeJ@ ausmif;om;or*~&J oHr%dwyfuawmh &nfrSef;csufjywfom;ygw,f? t*Fvdyfudk
vufeufudkifwdkufcdkuf&r,fvkd@ cH,lxm;ygw,f?
1940 ckEpS /f rwfv (29) &ufrmS ocifatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k acgi;f aqmifwhJ 'd@k Arm
tpnf;tHk;XmecsKyf tvkyftr_aqmifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ[m tdENd,jynfuGef*&ufnDvmcHudk oGm;
wuf=uygw,f? tdE,
dN jynftv,fyikd ;f &rf;*g;rd rSmusi;f ywJh &rf;*g;nDvmcHyg? tdE,
dN jynf uGe*f &uf&J
vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk avhvmcJ=h uovdk uGe*f &uf acgi;f aqmif ael;eJ@vJ awGqHak qG;aEG;cGi&hf cJyh gw,f?
tdENd,jynf vm[dkrd uGef*&ufu }uD;r;usif;ywJh w&m;yGJrSmvJ ocifatmifqef; pum;ajymcGifh
&cJhygw,f? ocifatmifqef;u &rf;*g;rSm +Adwdo#e,fcsJpepfudk tdENd,eJ@Arm vufwGJtwlwdkuf
=urnf vdk@ ajymcJhovdk aoG;xGufoH,dkr_r&SdbJ vGwfvyfa&;r&Edkifvdk@ vm[dkrdrSm ajymcJhygw,f?
ocifatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k tzGJ tdE,
dN ujyefa&mufwt
hJ cg tdE,
dN roGm;cif ocif
atmifqef; a&;cJhwJhpmwef;udk 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;}uD;u xkwfjyefa=unmygw,f? Armhta&;eJ@ywf
ouf+y;D Armjynftm; u|et
f jzpfcsKyfcs,x
f m;onfh Ekid if cH sJpepfydysurf u
_ kd tm;xkw&f rnf? xked ,fcsJ
pepf. cHwyf}uD;jzpfaom (91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udk wdkufzsufI Armrsm;tvdkus ArmhtkyfcsKyfa&;udk
16
0if;wihfxGef;
tjrefq;kH &&S&d ef u;d pm;&rnf? &nf&,

G cf suw
f l Ekid if aH &;tzGJ rsm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I aqmif&u
G =f urnf? xk@d a=umifh
vnf; qif;&Jom;tzGJ / ig;yGiq
hf ikd t
f zGJ ponfw@kd EiS yhf ;l aygi;f I Armhxu
G &f yf*%
kd ;f udk axmif+yD;+yD vd@k
azmfjyxm;ovdk ArmjynfopfwiG f tvkyo
f rm;/ v,form;rsm;. b0udk jriw
hf ifay;&rnf? v,fr
vkyfaom v,fydkif&Sifpepf zsufodrf;rnf? opfawm/ rD;&xm;/ a&a=umif;o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;/ owWK
wGi;f / pufrv
_ yk if ef;}u;D rsm;/ b%fvyk if ef;ponfw@kd ukd jynfoyl ikd v
f yk &f rnf? vlra_ &;wGif rde;f r a,musmf ;
wef;wltcGifhta&; cHpm;Ekdif&rnf? bmoma&;wGif vGwfvyfpGm ,Hk=unfudk;uG,fEkdif=u&rnf? tcrJh
ynma&;ESihf vli,frsm;.ynma&;ESihf vli,frsm;.,Ofaus;r_ pm&dwjW riw
hf ifa&;udk txl;apmihaf &Smuf
tm;ay;&rnf? vlenf;pkrsm;twGuf ,Ofaus;r_vGwfvyfcGifh&&Sd&aprnf vdk@vnf; azmfjycJhygw,f?
tJ'Dwkef;u jzpfay:vmp urBmppf}uD;udk e,fcsJtcsif;csif;wdkuf=uwJhppfvdk@ yxr oabm
xm;cJh=uygw,f? Armjynfudk e,fcsJppfyGJtwGif; qGJtoGif;rcH&zdk@ v_Haqmfv_yf&Sm;cJh=uygw,f?
'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k }u;D xJu ta&;ygwhJ xufjrufwufuw
G hJ acgi;f aqmiftrsm;pk[m rmhupf f
0g' vuf0J0g'udk wdrf;!Gwfolrsm;/ ,Hk=unfolrsm; jzpfae=uyg+yD? rmhufpf0g'/ vuf0J0g'[m Arm
jynfudk (1931) ckESpfavmufrS pwifa&muf&Sdvmwmjzpfayr,fh pwifavhvm vufcH jzefcsdolrsm;&J
tm;xkwfr_a=umifh vuf0Jt,ltq wdrf;!Gwf,Hk=unfolrsm; OD;pD;wnfaxmifcJhwJh e*g;eD pmtkyf
toif;&Jaus;Zl;a=umifyh g? awmfawmfysH ES@H prd 0hf ifus,jf yef@pyaeyg+yD? txl;ojzifh ArmjynfueG jf rLepf
ygwD zGJ@pnf;ay:aygufvm+yD;wJhaemufydkif; ydkrdkus,fjyef@euf_dif;vmcJhygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u Armjynf
Ekid if aH &;orm;rSeo
f r# rmhupf v
f eD if0g'/ uGejf rLepfq&kd ,
S v
f pf vuf00J g'rsm;eJ@ ywfoufqufpyfc=hJ u
zl;olcsn;f jzpfygw,f? trsm;pk}u;D [m vdv
k v
kd m;vm;vufccH =hJ uygw,f? uu
d Ef pS o
f ufvaS =umif; enf;
trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ azmfjycJh=uzl;ygw,f?
a'gufwmodef;armifu e,l;bm;rm;owif;pmrSm rmhufpf0g' t,ltqaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;
om;cJo
h vdk aemifrmS uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;tzGJ udk twdtvif; auG;a=umfxal xmifr,fh ocifApdef
vdk yk*~Kdvfuawmif uGefjrLepfa=unmpmwrf;}uD;udk bmomjyefqdkcJhbl;ygw,f? ocifpdk;u qdk&S,f
vpf0g'/ ocifAv
kd u
f um;vfrmhupf f / ocifoef;xGe;f u vDeifta=umif;jzpfwhJ usrcspv
f if/ ocif
A[def;u "e&Sifavmu pwJh pmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJh=uovdk ocifodef;azu bHk0g'ESifh
'dk@Arm udk wnf;jzwfcJh+yD; k&Sm;qdk&S,fvpfawmfvSefa&;ta=umif;udk ocifEku vlrGJwdk@&JxGuf&yf
vrf; tjzpf a&;om;cJyh gw,f? tJ't
D csed w
f ek ;f u ocifE[
k m u|eaf wmfbo
kH rm; vd@k a=unmcJ+h yD;/
ocifAaqG (OD;AaqG) uvnf; avmuedAm efwnfaqmufaeol pwmvif vd@k usL;&ifzh iG q
hf kd a&;om;
cJhygw,f?
ocifatmifqef;udk,fwdkifuvnf; ajratmufygwD ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfovdk urBmppfe@J Arm rSm vGwv
f yfa&;rSm v$waf wmftwGi;f wGif tqdo
k iG ;f Hrk #
ESifhr&? v$wfawmftqdkrSm 0g'jzef@Hkavmufom&Sdonf? tvkyfvkyf&ayrnf?
e,fcsJ pepf/ "e&Sipf epf jzpfwkH ysuw
f kH wnfwkH wnf;[laom avmu"Hw&m;rS rvGw?f "e&Sif
pepfonf tvkyform;rsm;udk zefwD;&.? e,fcsJpepfonf yxr rdrdtwGuf taptcdkif;rsm;vdkI
acwfynmwwfrsm;&Sv
d matmif pDr&H .? od@k aomf xkt
d vkyo
f rm;rsm;ESihf ynmwwfrsm;onf tqifh
twef;jrifhvmaomf if;wkd@udk zefwD;cJhaom e,fcsJpepfudk jyefIawmfvSef=uay.?
17
0if;wihfxGef;
vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf t
JG wGuf jyifqif&mY vlrsK;d tcsi;f csi;f ? vlwef;pm;tcsi;f csi;f ruGo
J ifo
h nfh
tcsed w
f iG f ruGx
J u
kd o
f nfo
h rl sm;ESihf ruGu
J aJG tmif vkyw
f wfaom e,fcsJ pepf. y&d,m,fukd owdy?
TuJo
h @kd tcsed af umif; tajcaumif;wGif igw@kd .vGwv
f yfa&;twGuf tjyif;txef tm;xkwf
=uygpdk@ &Jabmfwdk@[k aqmf=owyfvSef@cJhygw,f?
1940 ckESpf/ arvwGif om,m0wDrSm q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;
nDvmcHusi;f yygw,f? &J&aJ wmuf ajyma[mqH;k jzwf=uygw,f? 'Dom,m0wDnv
D mcH qH;k jzwfcsuef @J
tnD nDvmcHt+yD;rSm cdkifrsm;udk vSnfhvnfwifjya[majymwmawG vkyf=uygw,f?
1940 ckEpS /f ZGev
f rSm [oFmwcdik f ZvGef rd a[majymr_e@J ywfouf+y;D cdik &f mZ0wf0ef aZAD;
,m; u ocifatmifqef;udk zrf;qD;zd@k 0&rf;xkwyf gw,f? odumQ cswt
hJ aeeJ@ zrf;qD;ay;Edik o
f u
l kd qkaiG
ig;usyfay;r,fvdk@vnf; xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; ocifatmifqef; ajr
atmufv#Kd;+yD; v_yf&Sm;&ygawmhw,f?
1940 Zlvikd v
f xJrmS &efuek w
f uUov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) taqmuftODxrJ mS
'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k acgi;f aqmif/ uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmif/ ausmif;om;or*~acgi;f aqmifrsm; v#K@d 0u
S af wG
qH=k u+yD; Armjynfvw
G v
f yfa&;twGu/f vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;twGuf aqG;aEG;nEd id_ ;f =uygw,f?
tJ'aD qG;aEG;yGrJ mS yg0ifoal wGuawmh ocifatmifqef;/ ocifp;kd / ocifvaS z (aemif Adv
k v
f usmf )/ ocif
cifatmif/ ocifausmfpdef/ ocifA[def;/ udkAaqG/ udkxGef;tkyf/ udkvSarmif (aemif AdkvfaZ,s)/ rpPwm
*dk&S,f wdk@jzpfygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;twGuf vufeufeJ@t}uH^m%f&,lzdk@ wkwfjynf uGefjrLepfygwD
XmecsKyf&Sd&m ,iftef;udkoGm;zdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkufygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf vuf&Sd ajratmufudk v#Kd;ae&+yD
jzpfwhJ ocifatmifqef;eJ@ ocifausmpf ed u
f kd wm0efay; a&G;cs,o
f abmwlncD =hJ uygw,f? 'gayrJh wu,f
oGm;wJt
h cg ocifausmpf ed f rvku
d jf zpfawmhyJ ocifausmpf ed t
f pm; ocifvS rdif (aemif Adv
k &f efatmif)
jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
1940 Zlvikd f (26) &ufrmS Armhxu
G &f yf*%
kd ;f acgi;f aqmif a'guw
f mbarmf udk tpd;k &t=unf
!dyk suaf tmif a[majymr_e@J zrf;+yD; rE aW v;rSm H;k wifw&m;pGq
J ykd gw,f? t*Fvyd &f J kyaf o;tpd;k &u
awmh eef;&if;0ef *VKefOD;apm tpdk;&yg?
ocifacgi;f aqmifawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; om,m0wDnv
D mcHt+yD; a[majymv_aH qmfra_ wGe@J
wa,muf+yD;wa,muf qufwu
dk t
f zrf;cH=u&ygawmhw,f? ocifp;kd / ocifoef;xGe;f / ocifE/k ocif
wifw@kd tzrf;cH=u&ygw,f? xGe;f tky-f Apdef *d%
k ;f bufuvnf; ocifn/D ocifcifarmifw@kd tzrf;cH
=u&ygw,f? emrnf}uD; ocifacgi;f aqmifawG axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csxm;cH&wm te,fe,ft&yf&yf
rSm jzpfvmygw,f?
ocifatmifqef;eJ@ ocifvSrdifwdk@ESpfa,muf kyfzsuf+yD; [kdifvD oabFmeJ@ (8-8-1940)
ae@rSm wkwfjynfc&D;udk pwifygw,f? (24) &ufae@rSm wkwfjynf trGdKifrdudk qdkufa&mufoGm;
ygw,f? wkwu
f rl ifwefe@J *syefa&wyfyikd ef ufteD; trGKd irf mS pwnf;cs+y;D wkwu
f eG jf rLepfygweD @J tquf
toG,f&zdk@ ud;pm;ae=uwkef;rSm ygvmor#aiGukef+yD; aiGa=u;t=uyftwnf; uH=uygw,f? Arm
jynfvSrf;+yD; aiGa=u;tultnDawmif;awmh bma&;wm0efcH ocifvSaz (Adkvfvusfm) u vdkuf
tvSLcH&mrSm Armhxu
G &f yf*%
dk ;f }uD;udv
k nf; tvSLcHryd gw,f? *syefvv
kd m;ol a'guw
f mode;f armif
18
0if;wihfxGef;
odomG ; +yD; a'gufwmodef;armifu qlZluD; udk ajymjywJhtwGuf ocifatmifqef; eJ@ ocifvSrdif

"mwfyHkudk qlZluD;u ,loGm;+yD; trGdKifuae wdkusKdydk@Ekdifa&; pDpOfygawmhw,f? tJ'ga=umifh Armjynf
vGwfvyfa&;twGuf vufeufeJ@ tultnD&a&;/ wkyfjynfuGefjrLepfygwDqD oGm;cJh=uwJh ocif
atmifqef;eJ@ ocifvSrdifwdk@[m aemufqHk; *syefudka&mufoGm;&ygawmhw,f?
1940 ckEpS t
f wGi;f rSm Apde-f xGe;f tkyf *d%
k ;f uvnf; *syefe@J tquftoG,&f zd@k ud;pm;ae
=u+yD;jzpfygw,f? *syefeJ@ tquftoG,f&+yD;wJhtcg tultnDtwGuf *syefu ,dk;',m;bufudk
ul;yg? [drk mS jynfjh ynfph pkH kH pDpOfaqmif&u
G af y;r,fajymwJt
h wGuf ocifApdeu
f ,
kd w
f ikd f ,d;k ',m;oGm;&ef
ud;pm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh vrf;rSmyJ t*Fvdyftzrf;cHvdkuf&+yD; axmifwESpfusoGm;&ygw,f? ocif
Apdef tzrf;cH&+y;D aemuf usev
f rl sm;u qufu;d pm;=u&if; ocifatmifoef; (aemif Adv
k pf }umf ) wa,muf
,dk;',m;udk acsmacsmarmarm a&mufoGm;ygw,f? aemifrSm *syefudk ppfynmoifrsm; v$wfEkdifa&;
tcdkiftrm aqmif&GufEdkifcGifh&oGm;=uygawmhw,f?
1941 ckEpS f ESpq
f ef;ydik ;f a&mufawmh ocifjracgi;f aqmif+yD; t*Fvyd u
f kd vufeufuikd af wmfveS f
zd@k A[dak jratmufawmfveS af &;tzGJ awG v#Kd 0Suf zGJ pnf;ygw,f? A[kad jratmufawmfveS af &;tzGJ &J
OuUtjzpf ocifjru wm0ef,l+yD; cdkif (20) cGJ+yD; zGJpnf;ygw,f? 'DtzGJcGJawGxJrSm yg0ifcJh=uwJh
wcsKd aomacgi;f aqmifawG[m 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k udpeP @J tzrf;tqD;cH=u&wmawGvnf; ay:vm
ygw,f? tzrf;qD;cH=u&wJh ocifacgif;aqmifawG axmifawGxJrSm renf;awmhyg? usefacgif;aqmif
trsm;pk[mvnf; v#Kd 0Su+f yD; ajratmufvy_ &f mS ;r_awGuykd J tav;xm;+yD; vkyu
f ikd v
f y_ &f mS ;ae=u&yg
awmhw,f?
tJ'DvkdtcsdefrSm 1941 ckESpf rwfvxJrSm ocifatmifqef; *syefuae &efukefudk v#Kd0Suf+yD;
wacgufjyefvmcJhygw,f? ykodrfudk qefwifzdk@vmwJh ukefwifoabFmwpD;rSm oabFmt&m&Sda,mif
aqmif+yD; vdkufvmwmjzpfygw,f? ykodrfuae &efukefudkqif;csvm+yD; ouFef;u|ef;wae&mrSm
jynfo@l ta&awmfyykH gwD (yDtmyD) u ocifcspf (aemif ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt
D wGi;f a&;rSL;) eJ@ awGqHk
ygw,f? ocifcsp/f q&mxGe;f a&$w@kd &J tpDtpOfe@J jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gwu
D acgi;f aqmifrsm;eJ@ aqG;aEG;
=uygw,f? *syefuay;r,fh tultnDta=umif;/ ArmrsK;d cspv
f il ,fawGukd *syefvw
$ +f yD; ppfynmoif
,la&;tpDtpOfawGta=umif; tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;=uygw,f? ocifatmifqef; oabFmeJ@tjyefrSm
ocifu,
kd af wmfrid_ ;f 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k u ocifvaS z (aemif Adv
k v
f usmf )/ ocifA*sr;f (aemif Adv
k v
f
a&mif)/ ocifat;armif (aemif Adv
k rf ;kd )/ ausmif;om;or*~u udx
k eG ;f &Sed f (aemif Adv
k &f efEidk )f wk@d yxr
tokwftjzpf vdkufygoGm;jzpf=uygw,f?
aemifr=umrDrSmyJ 'kwd,tokwf/ wwd,tokwfawG qufvufydk@v$wfEkdif+yD; aemufqHk;
tokwf pwkwo
w
k f (11) OD;rSmawmh Apde-f xGe;f tkyf *d%
k ;f u acgi;f aqmif ocifxeG ;f tkyt
f ygt0if
(6) OD;eJ@ q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;tzGJu (5) OD;yg0ifygw,f? ocif_armif
(aemif Adv
k af e0if;) [m tJ'aD emufq;kH okwrf mS Apde-f xGe;f tkyf *d%
k ;f &JtzGJ 0ifwOD;tjzpf ygvmwm
jzpfygw,f? ,d;k ',m;udjk zwf+yD; a&mufvmcJw
h hJ Apde-f xGe;f tkyf *d%
k ;f u ocifatmifoef; (Adv
k pf }umF )/
ocifoef;wif (Adv
k o
f ef;wif)/ *syefukd ynmoiftjzpf a&muf&Sdae+yD;jzpfwJh udkaqmif; (aemif-Adkvf
xdef0if;) wdk@yg tm;vHk;aygif;vdkufawmh vl (30) jzpfoGm;ygw,f? ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; 'dk@Armtpnf;
19
0if;wihfxGef;
tHk;u (21) OD;eJ@ Apdef-xGef;tkyf 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;u (8) OD;jzpfygw,f? 'D (30) [m aemif
&JabmfoHk;usdyfvdk@ Armjynfordkif;rSm trnfxif&Sm;vmygw,f?
&JabmfoHk;usdyf[m ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf e,fcsJt*Fvdyfudk vufeufeJ@wdkufcdkufzdk@
*syefqDu&wJh ppfa&;tultnDudk &,lvufcH+yD; ppfynmudk oif,l=uygawmhw,f?
1941 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (22) &ufae@rmS *smrefemZDawG[m qkAd ,
D uf,el ,
D u
H kd 0ifa&mufwu
dk cf u
kd f
ygw,f? qdAk ,
D uf,el ,
D H emZD*smrefw@kd &J vufatmuf us rus[m wurBmvH;k eJ@ oufqikd w
f hJ ta&;
jzpfvmygw,f? qdkAD,ufom 'DwdkufyGJrSmusqHk;oGm;cJh&if urBmhtem*wf[m emZDzufqpfrsm;vuf
atmuf jym;jym;arSmufoGm;&awmhr,fh taetxm;rsKd;jzpfygw,f?
1939 ckESpf pufwifbmvu pwifjzpfyGm;cJhwJh 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;[m qkdAD,ufudk emZD*sm
refwdk@u 0ifa&mufwkdufcdkufjcif; ryrDtxd e,fcsJorm;tcsif;csif;=um; jzpfyGm;aewJhppf e,fajrvk
ppfuae/ vuQ%mwpwp pwifajymif;vJ oGm;ygawmhw,f? e,fcsJorm;csif;wdkufwJhppfuae
urBmzh ufqpftm%m&Sirf sm;u wzuf/ vGwv
f yfciG rhf sm; 'Dru
kd a&pDe@J qk&d ,
S v
f pfpepfukd umuG,w
f hJ
tiftm;pkrsm;uwzuf t}udwfte,f,SOfydif=uwJh urBmhppfyJG}uD;tjzpf ul;ajymif;oGm;ygawmh
w,f? urBmzh ufqpfpepfqef@usiaf &;twGuf urBmjh ynfot
l m;vH;k eJ@qidk w
f hJ ppfy}JG uD;toGijf zpfvmyg
w,f?
tJ'D 1941 ckESpf/ ZGefv pwkwWywfxJrSmyJ tif;pdefaxmifxJ a&muf&Sdae=uwJh ocifacgif;
aqmifawGjzpfwJh ocifpdk;/ ocifoef;xGef;/ ocifEk/ ocifvSabmf/ ocifav;armif/ ocifausmfpdef/
ocifcifatmif wkd@wawG[m urBmhtajctae/ ArmhtajctaeawGudk awGqHkaqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
ppfwrf;xkw=f unf=h uygw,f? tJ'pD pfwrf;[m Armhordik ;f rSm ta&;ygwhJ tif;pdepf pfwrf; yg? tJ'D
ppfwrf;&J tcsKyfoabmuawmh urBmzh ufqpf0g'udk wdu
k zf suaf &;/ urBmph pf}uD;twGi;f rSm r[mrdwf
rsm;eJ@ wGJzufwdkufcdkuf+yD; ArmhvGwfvyfa&;udk t&,la&;jzpfygw,f?
tif;pdepf pfwrf;yg oabmxm;udk tJ'aD xmifwiG ;f a&muf ocifacgi;f aqmifrsm;[m t*Fvyd f
tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfolrsm;qDudkvnf; pmwapmifa&;ydk@cJh=uovdk tjyifrSm&SdaewJh ocifacgif;rsm;qDudk
vnf; enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ ay;ydk@cJh=uygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm ocifatmifqef;eJ@ ArmhrsKd;cspfvli,f ocif
acgif;aqmiftcsKd [m *syefe@J qufr+d yD; *syefuakd wmif a&muf&adS e=u+yDjzpfygw,f? *syefukd ppfynm
oifrsm; apv$waf &;twGuf t"duwm0ef,lcJhwJh ocifjr/ ocifcspfwdk@acgif;aqmifwJh jynfolta&;
awmfyHkygwD}uD;[m *syefeJ@qufoG,frd=u&if; vufvGefaerdcJh=u+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh 1941 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
f v,frmS usi;f ywJh 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k uGe@f z&ifh (A[dak umfrwD
tpnf;ta0;) rSm axmifuvGwfcgp ocifoef;rdif (ausmufqnf)/ ocifv_dif (a&eHacsmif;) wdk@vdk
yk*~KdvfawGu tif;pdefppfwrf;yg oabmxm;tjrifopfudk wifjyaqG;aEG;=uayr,fh ocifjr/ ocif
A[def; pwJhacgif;aqmifawGu rlvay:vpDtwdkif; yxr t*Fvdyfe,fcsJudk qef@usifwdkufckduf/
aemufrS *syefwdk@. ajcvSrf;udk=unfh+yD; *syefudkygwdkufqdkwJh oabmxm;udkom twnfyoifh
a=umif; &Sif;vif;wifjy+yD; vufcHvdkuf=uygw,f?
1930 ckEpS u
f wnf;u wkwjf ynfuw
kd u
kd +f y;D wkwjf ynfxaJ &muf&adS ewJh *syef[m tm&Swu
kd f
omwlnrD #a&; auG;a=umfoeH @J urBmt
h a&Sjcrf;wckv;kH udk pd;k rd;k odr;f ydu
k Ef idk zf kd tcdik t
f rm=uH&,
G x
f m;
20
0if;wihfxGef;
+yD;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;twGif; *syef[m w&m;0ifrygao;yg? tar&duefvnf;

w&m;0if rygao;yg?
qdkAD,ufudk emZD*smrefwdk@ 0ifwdkufcsdefup+yD; urBmppf}uD;&Jta&;}uD; vuQ%majymif;vJ
vmovdk urBmppfrD;&J t&Sdef[mvnf; ydkrdkjyif;xefvmygw,f? ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf enf;
rsKd;pHkeJ@ ud;yrf;tm;xkwf v_yf&Sm;r_awG[mvnf; ododomom jrifhrm;vmcsdefrSm t*Fvdyf&J kyfao;
tpdk;& *VKefOD;apm[mvnf; ol&JEkdifiHa&;t&Sdeft0g vdrfnmpdkufxlxm;Ekdifa&;twGuf Armjynf
bk&ifcH qma':refprpfeJ@ tay;t,lvkyf+yD; Armhta&;udkqdk&ef vef'efoGm;zdk@jyifygw,f? atmufwdk
bmvxJrSm tdkifpDtuf OD;wifxGwfudk twGif;0eftjzpfac:oGm;+yD; Armjynfqdkif&m twGif;0ef
atr&D eJ@awG csmcsD eJ@awG vkyfygw,f? t*Fvdyfu ppf}uD;+yD;&if Armjynfudk 'dkrDeD,Htqifhxd
jrifhwifay;ygr,fqdkwJh uwdukdawmifray;yg? yg;pyfuwdav;awmif r&cJhyg?
*syefa&muf ocifatmifqef;acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfoHk;usdyf[m *syefodrf;xm;wJh [dkifeef
u|ef;rSm 1941 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvu atmufwdkbmvv,ftxd/ xkdif0rfu|ef;rSm atmufwdkbmv,f
uae 'DZifbmvqef;txd *syefuay;wJh ppfynmudk tcuftcJtrsK;d rsK;d yifyrf;qif;&Jr_ tzHzk =kH um;
uae oif,lae=uygw,f?
1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmrSm tar&duefydkif [m0dkif,Du|ef; ykvJqdyfurf;udk tvpftidkuf AHk;
}uJwdkufcdkuf+yD; *syef[m urBmppf}uD;twGif; 0ifa&mufvmygawmhw,f? 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@rSm
*syefu t*Fvyd /f tar&duefw@kd ukd w&m;0ifppfa=unmovd/k tar&duefuvnf; w&m;0if*syefukd
ppfa=unm+yD; urBmppf}uD;xJa&mufvmygawmhw,f? 'DZifbm (11) &ufae@rmS tar&duefu *smref
eJ@ tDwvDudkvnf; ppfa=unmygawmhw,f?
zufqpfemZDrsm;jzpf=uwJh *smref/ tDwvD/ *syef 0if;kd pGe;f oH;k Ekid if H tiftm;pkuwzuf/ t*Fvyd /f
jyifopf/ tar&duef/ qkdAD,ufr[mrdwf tiftm;pkrsm;uwzuf/ wurBmvHk;v$rf;cHwJh urBmppf}uD;
[m urBmhjynfoltm;vHk;eJ@ ywfoufvm&ygawmhw,f?
1941 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm (9) &ufae@rmS t*Fvyd t
f pd;k &u 'd@k Armtpnf; tH;k }u;D udk rw&m;oif;
tjzpf a=unm+yD;/ ocifacgif;aqmiftm;vHk;udk vdkufvHzrf;qD;ygw,f? t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk jywfjywf
om;om; qef@usi=hf uwJh ocifacgi;f aqmifreS o
f r# axmifxaJ &muf&ifa&muf/ ra&muf&if ajratmuf
tjzpf v#dK0Sufvkyfudkifv_yf&Sm;=u&ygawmhw,f? ay:ay:xifxif aexdkifvdk@r&awmhyg?
*syefzufqpfrsm;[m tvsit
f jref ppfqiford ;f ydu
k rf a_ wGvyk +f y;D tm&Sppfr;D udk t&Sed jf ri v
hf u
kd f
ygw,f? zdvpfydkifEkdifiHeJ@ ypdzdwfork'N&mwGif;&Sd u|ef;}uD;u|ef;i,fawGudk 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufygw,f?
t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJ orm;&J ta&Szsm;a'oppfbuf tcdik t
f rmpcef;}u;D jzpfwhJ puFmylcw
H yf}u;D udk t*Fvyd f
rsm;ud,
k w
f ikd f wkev
f y_ t
f =hH ooGm;&avmufatmif taocH+yD; &ufyikd ;f twGi;f odr;f ypfvu
kd Ef ikd yf gw,f?
'DZifbm (23) &ufe@J (25) &uf c&pPrwfae@rmS &efuek f rd udk *syefu pwifA;kH }uw
J u
kd cf u
kd yf gawmhw,f?
Armjynf}uD;[m ppfrD;v#H=um; twdtvif;a&muf&SdoGm;yg+yD?
t*Fvdyftpdk;&[m atmufArmEkdifiH&Sd tusOf;axmifawGxJ a&muf&Sdae=uwJh ocifacgif;
aqmifawGudk txufArmjynfaxmifawGqDcGJ+yD; ae&mtESH@ydk@ygw,f? *syeftultnDe@J ppfynmoif
=um;+y;D =uwJh &Jabmfo;kH usyd [
f m xkid 0f rfu|e;f uae befaumufrdudk a&muf&Sdae=uyg+yD? *syefwdk@&J
21
0if;wihfxGef;
awmifydkif; ppfwyftrSwf (15) ppfwyf}uD;[mvnf; xkdif;EdkifiHxJa&muf&Sdaeyg+yD? trSwf (15) vuf

atmufcH 'D0DZHwyf (5) [m befaumufrdrSm &JabmfoHk;usdyf a&muf&SdaepOfrSmyJ a&muf&Sdvm+yDjzpf
ygw,f?
1941 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm (26) &ufae@rmS befaumufrdrSm ocifatmifqef;/ ocifxeG ;f tkyw
f @kd
acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfoHk;usdyf[m ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf aoG;udkazmuf opPma&aomufyGJusif;
y+y;D Armhvw
G v
f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) udk pwifzJG pnf;vdu
k =f uygw,f? bDtikd af t[m Armh
vufeufuikd w
f yfrawmf&J rlvtpjzpfygw,f? Adv
k af tmifqef;[m 'D bDtikd af tudk pwif acgi;f aqmif
zGJpnf;ay;cJholppfppfjzpfvdk@ wyfrawmf&J zcift&if;ppfppfjzpfygw,f? ocifxGef;tkyfvnf; &Jabmf
oH;k usyd rf mS acgi;f aqmifwa,mufjzpfcahJ yr,hf ol[m ppfynmtpm; tkycf sKyfa&;ynmudo
k m tav;
xm; oif,cl o
hJ jl zpfygw,f? Adv
k b
f JG cH,o
l wfrw
S =f uawmhvnf; Adv
k b
f JG awmif rcH,cl yhJ g? bDtikd af t
pwifxlaxmif&mrSm yg0ifcJhwJh *syefAdkvf qlZluD; uawmif Adkvfrdk;ud;tjzpf cH,lcJhygw,f?
bDtikd af t zGJ pnf;+yD;wmeJ@ ArmjynftwGi;f a&Sajy;0ifa&muf+yD; jynfol ta&;awmfyykH gweD @J
qufoG,fbdk@/ ajratmufawmfvSefa&;tzGJ0ifrsm;eJ@ qufoG,fzdk@ Adkvfae0if;/ Adkvfwm&m/ Adkvfvif;
,kef/ Adkvfrdk;!dkwdk@yg0ifwJh tzGJwckudk wm0efay; apv$wfvdkufygw,f?
1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvqef;ydkif;rSmyJ Adkvfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifwJh bDtdkifat (ArmhvGwf
vyfa&;wyfrawmf) [m *syefwyfrawmfeJ@twl ppfa=umif;oHk;a=umif;cGJ+yD; xdkif;Arme,fpyfuae
ArmjynftwGi;f atmifjrifpmG 0ifa&muf=uygawmhw,f? bDtikd af t pwifzJG pnf;wke;f u &m*%ef;r#
om&Sdayr,fh a&;/ +rdwf/ xm;0,f/ armfvrdifrdawGudk odrf;ydkuf+yD;wmeJ@ tiftm;tqrwef wdk;yGm;
vmygw,f? ay;EkdifwJh vufeuftiftm;xuf vltiftm;u tqrwefrsm;jym;ae+yD; ppfcsD&mvrf;
wav#mufu &&mvufeufpGJudkif vdkufygvm=uwJh bDtdkifatwyfrawmf}uD;[m &efukefrdudk
ra&mufao;ciftwGif;rSm oHk;aomif;ausmfav;aomif;eD;yg; wyfrawmf}uD;jzpfaeyg+yD?
*syefbufu ArmjynfppfyGJtwGuf t"duwm0ef,l&wJhwyfu trSwf (15) wyfrawmf
jzpfygw,f? trSwf (33) wyfreJ@ trSwf (55) wyfr[m/ trSwf (15) wyfrawmf}uD;xJrSm yg0ifyg
w,f? 'DtrSwf (15) wyfrawmf}u;D xJrmS yg0ifygw,f? 'DtrSwf (15) wyfrawmf}u;D wckv;kH udk OD;pD;
olu vufzwifeif *sife&,ftD;'g;jzpfygw,f?
1942 ckESpf ESpfqef; *syeft0ifrSmyJ e,fcsJt*Fvdyfrsm;[m olwdk@&J@ wynfhausmf qmay:
xGef; Armjynftpkd;&udkyg olwdk@eJ@ wyg;wnf;ac:aqmif+yD; atmifjrifpGmqkwfcGmjcif;udk jyifqifyg
awmhw,f?
1941 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmvxJu vef'efa&muf+yD; 'drk eD ,
D t
H yk cf sKyfa&;ay;zd@k awmif;aewJh eef;&if;
0ef OD;apm[m 'dkrDeD,Hr&yJ vef'efuae tar&duefbuf vSnfht0if tar&duef&J [m0dkiftDu|ef;
[dEk v
dk v
l l rdudk *syefu AH;k vm}uJomG ;vd@k rd}uD;wckv;kH ysupf ;D aewmudk jrifvu
kd &f w,f? tm&Sa'o
udv
k nf; ppfr;D ul;ae+yq
D w
kd mudv
k nf; odvu
kd &f w,f? 'ga=umifh Oa&mybufjyefvn
S &hf if; ay:wl*jD ynf
vpPbGef;rdta&muf *syefaumifppf0efcsKyfHk;oGm;+yD; oludk,fusKd;twGuf Armjynfudk *syef0ifr,f
qd&k if olu ulnyD ;l aygi;f r,fv@kd ajymowJ?h 'ga=umifh ygvufpwdik ;f / [dik zf mrdudk OD;apmwd@k ta&muf/
toifah pmifah ewJh t*Fvyd af xmufvrS ;f a&;awGu OD;apmeJ@ OD;wifxw
G u
f kd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f vdu
k =f uyg
22
0if;wihfxGef;
w,f? Armjynfudk jyefrydk@awmhbJ ppfumvwav#mufvHk; ,l*ef'grSm tus,fcsKyfeJ@ xm;vdkufyg

w,f? 'ga=umifh ArmjynfrSm eef;&if;0ef OD;apmtpdk;&&Jae&mrSm qmay:xGef;tpdk;&jzpfaewmjzpfyg
w,f?
'Dumvw0du
k rf mS jrif;jcpH pfwrf; xGuaf y:vmygw,f? jrif;jcpH pfwrf;[m tif;pdepf pfwrf;
&J tqufjzpfygw,f? tif;pdeaf xmifuae Ekid if aH &;orm; ocifacgi;f aqmifawGukd txufArmjynf
axmifawGqcD yGJ @kd wt
hJ cg jrif;jcHaxmifa&mufomG ;&wJh ocifp;kd u axmifxrJ mS a&;om;wJh ppfwrf;jzpfyg
w,f? tJ'pD pfwrf;ygoabmxm;tjriftwdik ;f ocifp;kd [m axmifx&J dS &JabmfawG Ekid if aH &;orm;awG
udv
k nf; csjywm aqG;aEG;wm oifwef;ay;wmawGuv
kd nf; vkyyf gw,f? uGejf rLepf&aJ bmfrsm;eJ@ ocif
acgif;aqmif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;uvnf; vufcHoabmuscJh=uw,fvdk@qkdygw,f? jrif;jcHppfwrf;&J
oabmxm;tjrifu 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;jzpfwJh t*Fvdyftar&duefeJ@ uGefjrLepfk&Sm;aygif;+yD;
r[mrdwfzGJ@um zufqpfemZD *smref/ tDwvDwdk@udk wdkufcdkufovdk/ ArmjynfrSm ArmawGuvnf;
zufqpf*syefudk eHywfwpf&efoltjzpf owfrSwf+yD; t*Fvdyftar&duefawGeJ@ twlwGJwdkuf&r,f?
r[mrdwfzGJ yl;aygif;wdkuf&r,fqdkwmygyJ?
'ga=umifh tJ't
D csed u
f ArmjynfEidk if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;&J@ taetxm; udck jJG crf;pdwjf zm=unfh
vdu
k rf ,fq&kd if t,ltq (3) ckawG&ygr,f? tJ't
D ,l tq (3) cktwdik ;f OD;wnfvy_ &f mS ; jzpfay:ae
=uwmudkvJawG&ygr,f?
ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf qkdwJh t"du&nfrSef;csuf[m ruGJjym;=uayr,fh
yxrt,ltqu Armjynfudk u|efyxm;ol t*Fvdyfudkwdkuf&r,f? *syeftultnD&,l
+yD; t*Fvdyfudk t+yD;wdkif wdkufxkwfypf&if; Armjynf&JvGwfvyfa&;udk &,lEdkifvdrfhr,f qdkwmjzpf
w,f? jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gw&D J t,ltqjzpfovd/k tJ't
D ,ltq oabmxm;twdik ;f um,uH
ajrmuf aqmif&Gufae=uolawGu ocifatmifqef;/ ocifvSaz (Adkvfvusfm)/ ocifvSrdif (Adkvf&ef
atmif) eJ@ &JabmfoHk; usdyftiftm;pkawG jzpfygw,f?
'kw,
d t,ltqu Oa&myrSm qkAd ,
D ufu r[mrdwrf sm;eJ@aygi;f +yD; zufqpfawGukd t"du
xm;wdu
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f ,f? ArmjynfrmS 'Dtajctaer&S?d vufawGrSm t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJ [m igw@kd tm; r[m
rdwf ycGirhf ay;? vGwv
f yfa&;ay;r,fuwdyyg? ppftwGi;f rSm cifAsm;wd@k e@J yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G f ygr,fv@kd
'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k &J awmif;qkcd suu
f kd y,fcsrkH u/ ocifawGukd zrf;qD;axmifcsw,f? 'ga=umifh t*Fvyd f
awGukd raxmufcEH idk f rkH u jynfwiG ;f ppfy&r,f? *syefusL;ausmaf &;orm; zufqpfrsm;udv
k nf; ckcH
wdkufcdkuf&r,f qdkwmjzpfygw,f? ocifodef;az (odef;azjrifh)/ ocifA[def;wdk@[m 'Dt,ltq&SdcJh
=uygw,f? 'Dt,ltqudk udkifpGJolawGvJ awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&SdcJhygw,f?
wwd,t,ltqopfu ocifp;kd eJ@ jrif;+cHppfwrf;axmufco
H rl sm;&J@ (t*Fvyd u
f zrf;qD;xm;
vdk@ axmifxJa&mufae=u&ol ocifacgif;aqmif trsm;pk&J) oabmxm;tjrifjzpfygw,f?
qdAk ,
D ufukd *smrefw@kd 0ifwu
dk cf sed u
f p+yD; urBmppf}uD;&JvuQ%m[m tajccHup+yD; ajymif;
oGm;+y?D 'ga=umifh zufqpfqef@usiaf &; trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&; vrf;pOftwdik ;f aqmif&u
G =f u&r,f?
t*Fvdyfe,fcsJorm;udk zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;rSm r[mrdwfyxm;Ekdif&r,f qdkwJh t,ltqjzpfyg
w,f? 'Dt,ltqudk tjyifrSm&Sdae=uwJh EkdifiHa&;orm;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u kwfw&uf vufcH
23
0if;wihfxGef;
Edkif=ujcif;r&Sdyg? t*Fvdyf&J zdESdyftkyfcsKyfr_atmufrSmom ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmaexkdifvmcJh&bl;olawGjzpf

awmh t*Fvyd u
f /kd jyefvnf wGe;f vSew
f u
kd cf u
kd af &; pdwaf pmae=uwmuwa=umif;/ *syefta=umif;udk
t*Fvyd t
f a=umif;avmuf vufawGrod=uao;wmuwa=umif;/ *syeftay: ar#mv
f ifch sux
f m;ol
awG&Sdaeao;wma=umifhwa=umif; 'Dt,ltq[m topftpdrf;ozG,fjzpfaeygw,f?
bDtikd af twyfe@J *syefw@kd &J trSwf (55) wyfr}uD; armfvrdiu
f kd odr;f +yD;csed u
f p+yD;/ *syefawG
u Armjynfudk vGwfvyfa&;a=unmay;r,f/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udkvnf; ArmawGudkyJtyfr,fqkdwJh uwd
udk pwifcsKd;azmufygawmhw,f?
bDtikd af twyfrsm;u ArmjynftwGi;f 0ifvmpOf odr;f ydu
k rf w
d hJ a'owdik ;f rSm &yf&mG at;csr;f
a&;eJ@ +idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;awG zGJay;ygw,f? tJ'Daus;&Gm/ rde,f/ cdkiftkyfcsKyfa&;
tzGJ awGukd ocifawG oufqidk &f ma'ou =oZmtm%m&So
d al wG t&m&Sad [mif;awGe@J oifah vsmo
f
vdk zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh tJ'Dacwfumvudk bDtdkifat tkyfcsKyfa&;acwfumvvdk@ac:a0:
=uygw,f?
bDtdkifatwyfawG[m 1942 ckESpf rwfv (8) &ufae@rSm &efukefrdudk odrf;ydkufrdygw,f?
bDtdkifatwyfu &efukefrdudk t0ifapmayr,f *syefwyf trSwf (15) wyfrawmfu tvHk;t&if;
tiftm; ydkrdk}uD;wma=umifh trSwf (15) wyf&Jvufatmufusa&mufoGm;ygw,f? trSwf (15)
wyfu/ bk&ifcHtdrfudk odrf;ydkuf+yD; rwfv (15) &ufae@rSm ume,fempl (Clolnee Yoshio Nasu)
acgif;aqmifwJh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;udk pzGJygawmhw,f?
t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJ orm;uawmh ol&J eef;&if;0ef qmay:xGe;f tpd;k &udyk g wygwnf;ac:aqmif+yD;
&efukefu jynf/ rE Wav;/ arrd/ ppfudkif;c&D; taxmufaxmuf ajymif;a&$Hk;pdkuf&if; atmifjrifpGm
qkwfcGmjcif; udk atmifjrifpGm yvkyfoGm;ygw,f?
bDtdkifat eJ@twlygvmwJh Adkvfrdk;ud;eJ@ ol&J rDemrDuDuef;tzGJ@0if trsm;pk}uD;[m
Armjynf&J vGwv
f yfa&;udk tjrefq;kH a=unmay;csiaf yr,fh Armjynfppfqifa&;udk t"du wm0ef,l
xm;wJh trSwf (15) wyfrawmf[m tapmydkif;u ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;udk oabmwlcJh&muae
oabmxm;ajymif;+yD; uef@uu
G w
f t
hJ wGuf bDtikd af t twGi;f rSmomru Adv
k rf ;kd ud;wd@k vkd rDemrD
*syef rsm;uyg rauseyfjzpfcJh&ygw,f? bDtdkifat &J vGwfvyfa&; a=unma&; ar#mfvifhcsuf[m
taumiftxnf razmfEikd af wmhwb
hJ 0 a&mufomG ;&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh bDtikd af t[m bDtikd af todr;f
ydu
k rf &d mwav#mufukd +idr;f csr;f a&;aumfrwD awGzJG +yD; bDtikd af ttkycf sKyfa&;tzGJ awG xlaxmifay;
cJhygw,f? bDtdkifat tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@awG[m oufqdkif&ma'orSm tm%m&tzGJawGozG,fjzpfwJh
twGuf &mxl;tm%m&vdkolawGvnf; enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ 0ifa&mufyg0ifvm=uwm&Sdygw,f?
bDtikd af ta=umifh &yf&mG at;csr;f wm/ olc;kd "m;jy awma=umifawG rxEkid w
f m&So
d vd/k bDtikd f
attkyfcsKyfa&;umvxJrSm bDtdkifata=umifh rsufESmysufp&m/ tjrifr=unfvifp&mawGvnf;
ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f? bDtdkifat u ajcvGefvufvGefvkyfcJhwmawGvnf;&Sdygw,f? txl;ojzifh
jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'owcsKdrSm jy\emay:cJhygw,f? +idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGufqdk+yD; vufeufawGvdkuf
odr;f wm/ ttyfcikd ;f wmvky&f if; u&iftrsK;d om;awGe@J jy\emjzpfc=hJ uygw,f? u&if-ArmvlrsK;d a&;
t"duk%f;ay:cJh&ygw,f? u&iftrsKd;om;awGbufu =unfhr,fqdk&if tJ'D bDtdkifat qdkolawG
24
0if;wihfxGef;
[m EkdifiHa&;tay:pD;&r_tay:uae *syeftm;udk;eJ@ u&iftrsKd;om;awGtay: Adkvfusvmwm vlrsKd;

a&;zdESdyfowfjzwf/ t=urf;zufvmwmvdk@ jrif=uwmawG jzpfay:vmcJhw,f? tdrfrJ e,frSm u&if
trsKd;om; ref;a&$xGef;=um OD;pD;wJh trsKd;om;ckcHumuG,fr_ vufeufudkifwdkufyGJawG ay:cJh&w,f?
ajrmif;jre,frSmvJ Adkvfrdk;ud;wynfh uDrmwm; (Kimata) qdo
k u
l kd u&ifawGu owfjzwf
vdu
k =f uw,fqw
kd o
hJ wif;tay:rSm Adv
k af usmaf Zm &Jwyfuv
kd w
$ +f yD; ESrd ef if;cdik ;f wJt
h wGuf jy\em
ay:cJh&ygw,f? &Srf;jynfbufrSmvnf; bDtdkifatAdkvfwa,mufu wyfwwyfeJ@ &rf;um;oGm;wJht
wGuf rsufESmysufp&mjzpfcJh&w,f?
*syefwyfrsm;uvnf; ArmjynfwGif;a&mufwJh tcsdefup+yD; olwdk@wyfa&muf&m t&yfwkdif;
rSm zufqpfbDvl;kyfudk tpG,fwjyL;jyL;eJ@ jyovmw,f? yg;dkuf/ em;dkuf/ vufonf;cGHcGm a&aEG;yl
avmif;/ aeylvSef;/ ouf}uD;&G,ftkdrSef; rod bkef;}uD;&[ef;rSef;rod dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif; yrlqufqHwm
nOf;yef;ESdyfpufwmawG vkyfvm=uygw,f? atmufArmjynfwckvHk;uawmh *syefatmufa&muf
oGm;+yDjzpfayr,fh txufArmjynfuawmh t*FvdyfvufxJ &SdaeqJjzpfygw,f?
xif&Sm;wJhEkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmif trsm;pk}uD;[m txufArmjynf tusOf;axmifawGxJu
rxGufEkdifao;yg? rE Wav;axmifxJrSm ocifpdk;/ ocifA[def;/ ocifEk/ ocifjroGif/ ocifausmfpdefwdk@
wawG&+dS yD; rH&k mG axmifrmS ocifoef;xGe;f / ocifav;armif/ ocifApde/f ocifcifatmifw@dk wawG &S=d u
w,f? rdk;ukwfaxmifrSmu a'gufwmbarmf?
wkwjf ynf cseaf u&Sw
d t
f pd;k &ud,
k pf m;vS,f *sief &,f0rf; u ocifEu
k kd axmifxo
J mG ;awG
+y;D wkyjf ynfvu
kd cf yhJ g? [dak &muf&if twlwv
l yk &f atmif vd@k zw
d af c:awmh ocifEu
k *sief &,f0rf;
udk ppf}uD;+yD;oGm;&if ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;ay;r,fvdk@ t*Fvdyftpdk;&u a=unmygap? Armjynfol
tm;vHk;u *syefudk wdkufcdkuf=uvdrfhr,f vdk@qdkygw,f?
ocifpdk;/ ocifEk/ ocifA[def;eJ@ ocifausmfpdefwdk@awG wkwfjynf csKHuif; txd vdkufzdk@
tpDtpOfvkyf+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm *syefu wkwf-Arm vrf;r}uD;udk jzwfawmufydwfqdk@xm;vdkuf+yDjzpf
vdk h tpDtpOfysufoGm;cJhygw,f?
*syefu &efukefudk odrf;ydkuf+yD;wJhtcg txufArmjynfrd}uD;awGqD csDwufodrf;ydkufyg
w,f? bDtdkifatwyfawGuvnf; *syefwyfawGeJ@,SOf+yD; wufygw,f// txufArmjynfrdawGudk
vnf; *syef[m ava=umif;uae AHk;}uJwdkufcdkuf&if; atmifjrifpGmqkwfcGmae=uwJh t*Fvdyfwyf
r[mrdwfwyfrsm;tay: jyif;jyif;xefxef xkd;ppfqifygw,f? t*FvdyfawG rE Wav;uae qkwfcGm+yD;
rE Wav;axmif}uD;ay:rSm AHk;uscsdefrSm axmifr;}uD;eJ@ tay;t,lvkyf+yD;/ ocifEk/ ocifpdk;/ ocif
A[def;/ ocifjroGif/ ocifausmfpdefwdk@wawG axmifuvGwfvm=uygw,f?
t*FvdyfwyfawGqkwf&if; ppfudkif;wHwm;}uD;udk csKd;+yD; rHk&Gmudk ta&muf *syefu AHk;t}uJrSm
rHk&GmaxmifudkzGifh+yD; v$wfypfvdkufvdk@ ocifoef;xGef;/ ocifav;armif/ ocifApdef/ ocifcifatmif
wdk@awGvnf; rHk&Gmaxmifuae vGwfvm=uygw,f?
ppftwGi;f rSm txufArmjynfrmS Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawG tjyeftvSef tquftoG,&f +yD;
pkpnf;rdae=uygw,f? ocifodef;azeJ@ udkausmf+idrf; (OD;ausmf+idrf;) wdk@ESpfa,mufvnf; rE Wav;udk
a&mufaeygw,f? ocifodef;azu jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD &efyHkaiGeJ@ t*FvdyfeJ@ *syefe,fcsJwdk@udk
25
0if;wihfxGef;
wydifeuf wkduf&r,fqdkwJh oabmxm;pmwrf;rsm; a&;om;+yD; wdkif;cspf ocifodef;az&J wdkif;cspf

yHEk ydS w
f u
kd u
f ae v#Kd 0Suf du
k Ef ydS x
f w
k af 0wmawG pwifvyk af eygw,f? udak usm+f idr;f u jynfol ta&;
awmfyHkygwD &efukefXmecsKyf&J wm0efay;csufeJ@ rdk;ukwfaxmifxJa&mufaewJh a'gufwmbarmfeJ@
awGqHkaqG;aEG;zdk@jzpfygw,f?
ocifoed ;f azeJ@ udak usm+f ird ;f [m tJ'w
D ek ;f u a&$bu
kd kd ppfajy;tjzpf a&mufaewJh 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd
eJ@vnf; oGm;awG=u+y;D Ekid if aH &;aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? rE aW v;em;u uydik f &Gmudv
k nf; wkid ;f cspf ocif
odef;azwdk@rdom;pk ajymif;a&$oGm;=uvdk@ vdkufoGm;jzpf=uygw,f? tJ'D uydkif&GmrSmyJ axmifuvGwf
vm+yD; a&mufvm=uwJh ocifE/k ocifp;kd / ocifausmpf ed /f ocifjroGiw
f @kd e@J twl ocifoed ;f az/ udak usmf
+idrf;wdk@ qHk=uygw,f? t*Fvdyfajy;HkeJ@ vGwfvyfa&; ta&;awmfyHkr+yD;ao;? vGwfvyfa&;twGuf
qufvufwkdufyGJ0ifa&;udpPudk aqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
ocifEk/ udkausmf+idrf;wdk@u ArmjynfrSmae+yD; *syefeJ@yl;aygif;/ tm%mcGJa0,lum vHk;0vGwf
vyfa&;txd wdu
k yf 0JG ifa&;oabmxm;udk udik pf w
JG ,f? ocifp;kd / ocifoed ;f az/ ocifausmpf ed /f ocifjr
oGif wdk@u wkwfwyfawGeJ@ twlvdkuf+yD; Armjynftjyifudk xGuf=ur,f? tJ'DurS wkwf/ t*Fvdyf/
tar&duef pwJh r[mrdwfwyfawGeJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; *syefudkjyefwdkuf&if; vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;&wJhtxd
wdkufoGm;=ur,fvdk@ qHk;jzwf=uw,f? tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsufeJ@tnD ocifpdk;/ ocifodef;az/ ocifjroGif
wkd@ vdkufoGm;=uayr,fh aemufqHk; ratmifjrifyJ jyefvSnfhvm=u&w,f?
1942 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@rmS a'guw
f mbarmf[m *syefawGe@J qufo,
G rf +d yD;jzpfw,f?
ol@red ;f r a':cifrreJ@ wynfw
h csKd u axmifr; / axmifq&m0efawGtultnDe@J rd;k ukwaf xmifuxkwf
vm+yD;wJhaemufydkif; a'gufwmbarmf[m *syefeJ@ qufoG,frdwmjzpfw,f? *syefu eef;&if;0ef
wd*k sKd uvnf; a'guw
f mbarmfvkd Ekid if aH &;orm;udk toH;k ycsiaf ecsed f Armjynf&dS *sief &,f tD'g;
uvnf; Adv
k rf ;kd ud;/ ocifxeG ;f tkyef @J bDtikd af ttkycf sKyfa&;/ +idr;f csr;f a&;aumfrwDqw
kd mawGukd rsuf
aphaemuf+yD; ArmjynftkyfcsKyfa&;udk zGJpnf;csifaecsdef a'gufwmbarmftwGuf tuGufaumif;qdkuf
vmygw,f?
1942 ckESpf/ arvrSm rE Wav;/ ZGefvrSm wjynfvHk;udk *syefwyfawG[m xdef;csKyfodrf;ydkuf
vdkufEdkif+yDjzpfygw,f? ZGefv (3) &ufae@rSm ppftkyfcsKyfa&;udk xlaxmifvdkufwma=umifh bDtdkifat
tkycf sKyfa&;acwf[mvnf; edw
d o
H mG ;&ygawmhw,f? 'ga=umifh bDtikd af t tkycf sKyfa&;acwf[m 1942
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Duae arvukeftxd (5) vavmufyJ =umcJhygw,f?
ocifodef;az[m wdkif;cspfocifodef;az udk *syefawGu zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf+yD;/ oludk teH@cH
vdkufaewma=umifh ajratmufv#Kd;ae&wmuae jynfyqDxGufzdk@ cyfokwfokwfjyif&ygawmhw,f?
ocifoef;xGef;uvnf; tdEdN,udkoGm;+yD; r[mrdwfrsm;eJ@ tquftoG,f&a&;twGuf ud;pm;zdk@
ocifoed ;f azudk wdu
k w
f eG ;f aqG;aEG;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ocifoed ;f az[m ocifwifa&$ (ausmufqnf)
eJ@twl tdE,
dN udk xGucf mG oGm;jzpf+yD;/ 1942 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
f xJrmS tdE,
Nd udk a&muf&o
dS mG ;+yDjzpfygw,f?
1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (10) &ufae@rSm *syeftpdk;&u rDemrDuDuefudk zsufodrf;ypfvdkuf+yD;
Adkvfrdk;ud;udkvnf; ar*sm*sife&,f&mxl;wdk;ay;um *syefjynfjyefac:vdkufw,f? Adkvfrdk;ud;udk Arm
26
0if;wihfxGef;
jynfrSm rxm;csifawmh/ Adkvfrdk;ud;tcef; ukefoGm;+yDjzpfygw,f? bDtdkifatudkvnf; &rf;&rf;um;

um;vkycf w
hJ mawG emrnfysucf w
hJ mawGukd vufnK ;d xk;d jy+yD;/ pnf;urf;r&Sd ta=umif;jycsuef @J tzsuf
odr;f cdik ;f w,f? 1942 ckEpS /f Zlvikd f (27) &ufae@rmS *syef{u&mZf trde@f t& *se&,ft;D 'g;u bDtikd af t
(ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf) udk bD'Dat (ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf) tjzpf ajymif;vJzGJpnf;ap
w,f? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf zGJpnf;ay:aygufcJhwJh wyfrawmfudk ArmhumuG,fa&;twGufyJ
&nfpl;wJh wyfrawmfjzpfatmif ajymif;vJypfvdkufwmjzpfw,f? Armjynfuae t*FvdyfawG xGufcGm
oGm;&+yDjzpfvdk@ t*FvdyfawG jyefr0ifvmatmif umuG,fzdk@omvdkawmhw,fqdkwJh oabmt"dy`m,f
eJ@ zGJpnf;apwmjzpfw,f? ta&twGufudkvnf; (3000) cef@txdyJ&Sdap+yD; AdkvfawZudk ppfaoem
ywd cef@w,f? AdkvfawZu AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; qdkwJh emrnf&if;udkyJ jyefvnfoHk;pGJcJhygw,f?
Adkvfatmifqef;acgif;aqmif+yD; wyf&if; (3) ckudk rwnfum ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf (bD'Dat)
ay:ayguv
f m ygw,f? wyf&if; (3) ckv;kH udv
k nf; ysO;f rem;rSmyJ tajcpdu
k af pcJyh gw,f? &efuek rf mS awmh
ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyf ppfHk;eJ@ r*Fvm'HkppfwuUodkvfwdk@ ay:aygufvmygw,f? &Jabmf (134) a,mufudk
a&G;+y;D r*Fvm'HAk v
kd o
f ifwef; (yxrywf) tjzpfwufapcJyh gw,f? *syef um0g&;DS rm; [m ppfwuUov
kd f
ausmif;tkyfjzpfvmw,f?
'DAdkvfoifwef; (yxrywf) rsm;[m Armjynfordkif;rSm aemif ppfwyfordkif;rSm &JabmfoHk;
usdyf +yD;&if ta&;ygt&ma&mufqHk;jzpfvm=ur,fh yk*~KdvfawGjzpfygw,f?
1942 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1) &ufae@rSm *syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;vufatmufcH Armtpdk;&tzGJudk
*syefu zGJpnf;ay;ygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf a'gufwmbarmf? *syefudk vdkvm;oljzpfcJhwJh a'gufwm
odef;armifu bm0ef}uD;/ ocifxGef;tkyfu opfawmESifhowWKwGif;0ef}uD;/ ocifApdefu vrf;yef;
qufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;jzpfcJhovdk ocifjru jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;/ ocifoef;xGef;u v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;
0ef}uD;jzpfcJhygw,f? tm;vHk; (10) OD; &Sdygw,f?
*syefppftyk cf sKyfa&;umvtwGi;f rSm vli,frsm;tpnf;tH;k wckvnf; zGJ pnf; ay:ayguv
f m
ygw,f? wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm; Avig;wefjynfh0a&;twGuf avhusifhypkay;&efqdkwJh ta=umif;jy
csufeJ@ ay:vmwmyg? tJ'guawmh tm&Svli,ftpnf;tHk; vdk@ vlodrsm;wJh ta&Stm&Swdkuf
vli,frsm; tpnf;tHk;yg? OuUu yk*HOD;b*srf;?
'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;uawmh ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;a&m/ Apdef-xGef;tkyf
'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;yg a'gufwmAarmf&J qif;&Jom;ygwDeJ@yl;aygif;+yD; 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)
&ufae@uwnf;u 'dk@Armqif;&Jom;tpnf;tHk; tjzpf xlaxmifvkdufygw,f? XmecsKyft}uD;
tuJtjzpf ocifEku wm0ef,lygw,f? 'ga=umifh *syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;&J vufatmufcH Armtpdk;&
tjzpf ay:ayguv
f mwJt
h cg 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k ESpjf crf;pvH;k u acgi;f aqmifrsm;a&m a'guw
f mbarmf
&J qif;&Jom;ygwDua&m yg0ifaewmjzpfygw,f?
wkwfjynfudkvnf; rvdkufjzpf tdENd,udk ocifodef;azeJ@ twloGm;zdk@udkvnf; zsufypfvdkuf
&wJh ocifpdk;uawmh tif;pdefppfwrf;/ jrif;+cHppfwrf; oabmxm;udkyJ +rJ+rJqkyfum *syefqef@usifha&;
ajratmufawmfvSefa&;vk;yfief;rsm;udk ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk udk,fpm;y+yD; qufvufvkyfudkif
aeygw,f? *syefuifaywdik pf pfyv
k yd af wGu ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD udk teH@c+H y;D vku
d af eovdk ocifp;kd
27
0if;wihfxGef;
udkvnf; vdkufaewJhtwGuf ocifpdk;[m jrpf0u|ef;ay:/ zsmyHk/ a';'&J/ usKdufvwfe,fawGrSm vSnfh

vnf wdr;f a&Smif ajratmufcakd e&if;/ uGejf rLepfEikd if aH &;oifwef;yd@k cswm/ *syefqef@usiahf &; tiftm;pk
aqmif;wmawG vkyfae jyifqifaeygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS uwnf;u qdAk ,
D ufabmf&ADS pf&mZ0ifpmtkyu
f kd bmomjyefc+hJ yD; tJ'pD mtkyu
f ykd J
vufudkify&if; axmifwGif;rmhufpf0g'oifwef; ydk@csvmcJhwJh/ tif;pdefppfwrf;t,ltqrSm udk,fwdkif
ud,
k u
f s yg0ifazmfaqmifow
l OD;jzpfcw
hJ hJ ocifoef;xGe;f uawmh tpd;k &tzGJ xJ 0ef}uD;tjzpf kyjf yvkyf
udkifae&if; ocifpdk;eJ@ v#Kd0SufqufoG,fum ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;taeeJ@ *syef
qef@usifa&;tiftm;pkawGudk e,fy,faygif;pHkrSm ypkysKd;axmifaecJhygw,f?
k hJ
ocifoed ;f azu tdE,
dN rSm ArmjynfwiG f jzpfysucf o
hJ r# (What happened in Burma) qdw
pmtkyu
f kd t*Fvyd v
f akd &;om;+yD; 1942 ckEpS t
f wGi;f rSmyJ xkwaf 0vdu
k yf gw,f? tm&SppfrsuEf mS awGrmS
ajymufusm;ppfqifa&;twGuf t"duzGJ pnf;xm;wJh zd@k 136 tzGJ (Force 136) eJ@vnf; tquft
oG,frjywf vkyfaecJhygw,f? oleJ@twloGm;cJhwJh ocifwifa&$ (ausmufqnf) udkvnf; Armjynfw
acgufjyefv$wf+yD; tckdiftrmjyifqifr_awG vkyfaecJhygw,f?
1943 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvrSm *syefeef;&if;0ef *sife&,fwdk*sKdu *syeftxufv$wfawmf t}udrf
(80) ajrmuf tpnf;ta0;rSm Armjynfvw
G v
f yfa&;udk ESprf ul;rD a=unmay;r,fv@kd a=unmvdu
k +f y;D
rwfvxJrmS a'guw
f mbarmfacgi;f aqmifwhJ ArmtzGJ udk wdu
k sKv
d mzd@k zdwaf c:w,f? a'guw
f mbarmf/
ocifjr/ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ a'guw
f m ode;f armif/ OD;ausm+f idr;f / Adv
k &f efEidk yf g (8) OD;tzGJ wdu
k sKu
d o
kd mG ;
=uw,f?
1942 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1) &ufrSm pwifcJhwJh *syefppftkyfcsKyfa&; wESpfjynfhwJh 1943 ckESpf
=o*kwfv (1) &ufae@rSm *sife&,ftD;'g;u ppftkyfcsKyfa&;kyfodrf;a=umif; a=unm+yD;/ tJ'Dae@rSmyJ
ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;udk a=unmcGifhay;vdkufw,f?
*syefay;wJv
h w
G v
f yfa&;twke@J twl *syefppfwyfu csKyfuikd x
f m;jcif;cH&wJh *syefacwf kyaf o;
tpdk;&tzGJ[mvnf; vGwfvyfaomtpdk;&w&yftoGif zGJpnf;ay:aygufvmcJhw,f? a'gufwm
barmf [m t"dywdbJG udck ,
H &l if; 0ef}uD;csKyfwm0efukd ,lvu
kd w
f ,f? ocifjru 'k0ef}uD;csKyf/ Adv
k cf sKyf
atmifqef;u umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ a'gufwmodef;armifu bma&;0ef}uD;/ ocifEku EkdifiHjcm;a&;
0ef}uD;/ ocifoef;xGef;u ajrESifhv,f,mpdkufysKd; a&;0ef}uD;jzpfvmw,f? tpdk;&tzJGudk ArmhxGuf
&yf*kd%f; 0ifawGe@J zGJ pnf;vdu
k w
f o
hJ abmjzpfw,f? *syefacwfrmS Armhvw
G v
f yfa&;udk todtrSwf y
wJo
h abm vkyfcJhayr,fh *syefppftm%mydkifawGuyJ ae&mwum ud;udkifAdkvfus=uw,f? *syef
ppfwyfutvdk&SdwJh pm;eyf&duQm u|J/ EGm;/ =uuf/ 0ufawGomru ac|;wyfom; vdk@ ac:wJh tvkyf
orm; axmifaygif;rsm;pGmudkawmif tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&SdawGu zrf;qD;ay;=u&jyefw,f? t*F
vdyfudkvdkeDorm;awGae&mrSm *syefudkvdkeD0g'orm;awGu vma&mufaoG;pkyf=uw,f? umvwdk
twGif;rSmyJ trfbDaueJ@ trftufpfaupwJh *syefbmt&if;&Sif ukr`%Daygif; (50) avmuf[m
ArmhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGxJvma&muf aoG;pkyfcJh=uw,f? Armjynf&JpD;yGm;a&;[m *syefacwf
twGif;rSm tqdk;0g;qHk;tajctaea&mufcJh&+yD; tppt&m&m &Sm;yg;jywfvyf =uyfwnf;rGJaw
cJh&w,f?
28
0if;wihfxGef;
*syefuifaywdik af wG&J vufoaH jymifajymifEydS pf ufr/_ *syefppfom;awG&J zufqpfyyD D &rf;um;

vlrqefra_ wGatmufrmS wjynfv;kH ae&mtES@H 0f'u
k cQ =H u&w,f? *syefay;wJv
h w
G v
f yfa&;[m b,f
vdkvGwfvyfa&;vJqdkwm ezl;awG 'l;awG awGuH=u&yg+yD?
*syef0ifpuwnf;u *syefqef@usifa&; tjrif&Sdxm;=u+yD;om; uGefjrLepfawG[m *syefudk
wGef;vSefarmif;xkwfEkdifzdk@ wdk;+yD; jyifqiftm;xkwfwmawG vkyf=uygw,f? v#Kd0Sufajratmufenf;
awGeJ@yJ vkyfae=u&wmjzpfygw,f? *syefuvnf; *syefqef@usifa&;orm;rSefor#udk ykdufpdyfwdkuf+yD;
ESdyfuGyfzdk@ ud;pm;ygw,f?
*syefov
l #Kd qdw
k hJ pmtkyef @J qk&d ,
S v
f pf0g'ESiehf o
d #n;f qkw
d hJ pmtkyu
f kd bmomjyefqckd w
hJ hJ
vufyHwef;OD;bwifudk *syefzufqpfawGu zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf owfjzwfvkduf=uygw,f?
Armjynfvw
G v
f yfa&;twGuq
f w
kd hJ &nfreS ;f csurf mS twlwjl zpfc=hJ uayr,fh 1942 ckEpS f 0ef;usif
avmuftxd tjrift,ltq oabmxm;uGjJ ym;aecJ=h uwJh Armjynf trsK;d om;Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmif
awGt=um;rSm wjznf;jznf;eJ@ *syefukd OD;wnfwu
kd &f r,fqw
dk hJ tjrifopfqD OD;wnfa&Gvsm;pyvm
yg+yD? tif;pdefppfwrf;t,ltqqD pkpnf;rdpyvmyg+yD?
uGejf rLepfygwu
D kd ud,
k pf m;y+y;D ocifp;kd &J vGwv
f yfa&;a=unmpmwrf; trSwf (1) eJ@ trSwf
(2) [m Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkawG=um; us,u
f s,jf yef@jyef@ ysH ESv
H mcJw
h ,f? tJ'D ArmvGwv
f yfa&; a=unm
pmwrf;awG[m urBmhtiftm;pkawG&J taetxm;/ *syefzufqpfpepfudk wdkufzsufzkd@twGuf &Ekdif
or#aom r[mrdwfawGeJ@ yl;wGJvkyfaqmif=u&r,fh wm0efawGyg azmfjyxm;wJhtjyi/f zufqpf0g'
rkcsusqHk;&r,fqdkwmudkvnf; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm oHk;oyfjyEdkifcJhygw,f?
ArmhwyfrawmftwGif;rSmvnf; uGefjrLepfygwD0ifawG uGefjrLepfvkdvm;olawG tHkeJ@usif;eJ@
&Sdaeovdk/ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD&J ,lepf0ifawGvnf; &Sdae=uygw,f? ay:ay:xifxifr[kwfyJ
v#Kdv#Kd0Suf0SufeJ@ wnf&Sdae=uwmjzpfayr,fh udk,fhtpkeJ@udk,f EkdifiHa&;aqG;aEG;=uwm/ oifwef;
oGm;wuf=uwm/ v#Kd0Sufpmapmifpmwrf;awG jzef@a0=u avhvm=uwmawG us,fus,fjyef@jyef@
jzpfay:aeygw,f? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;vkyfaewJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk,fwdkif ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwD&J A[dkaumfrwD0ifwa,muftjzpf (1942) txd jzpfaeao;wmudk=unfh&if wyfrawmfxJrSm
uGejf rLepfygwt
D iftm; b,favmuf}u;D cJo
h vJqw
kd m vG,v
f ,
G u
f u
l l pOf;pm;=unfv
h @kd &ygw,f? tJ'D
wke;f u Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;&Jv#Kd 0Suef mrnfu (udak emifcsK)d ? ocifoef;xGe;f emrnfu udb
k armif?
wyfrawmfxrJ mS t}u;D tuJawGjzpfae=uwJh *syefjyef &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f ifawGukd jyef=unfrh ,f
qd&k ifvnf; uGejf rLepf awGjzpfaewm renf;yg? Adv
k &f efatmif/ Adv
k af Z,s/ Adv
k &f x
J w
G w
f k@d [m uGejf rL
epfawGyg? Adkvfvusfm[mvnf; uGefjrLepfygwD pwifxlaxmifolwpfOD;jzpfygw,f? bD'DatAdkvfoif
wef; yxrywf/ 'kw,
d ywfawGtwGi;f rSmvnf; uGejf rLepfawGtrsm;}u;D yg? Adv
k Af xl;wd@k Adv
k t
f mVm0u
wdk@[m uGefjrLepf}uD;awGjzpfovdk/ Adkvfpdk;armif (Adkvfr;cspfaumif;)/ Adkvfyk/ Adkvf&Jarmif/ Adkvfrif;'if/
Adkvfoef;a&$ pwJholawG[m uGefjrLepfawGyg?
jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gwb
D ufu OuUtjzpf ocifjr OD;aqmifyg0ifaeayr,fh t"duv_y&f mS ;
aeolawGu ocifcspf (aemif ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwb
D ufajymif;oGm;)/ OD;AaqG/ OD;ausm+f idr;f wd@k jzpfyg
w,f? wyfrawmfxJrSm jynfolta&;awmfyHk ,lepf0ifawGuawmh Adkvfarmifarmif/ Adkvfatmif}uD;/
29
0if;wihfxGef;
Adv
k af tmifa&$/ Akv
d cf spcf ikd /f Adv
k =f unf0if; pwJh Adv
k af wGjzpfygw,f? Adv
k af e0if;[m *syefjyeftyk pf u
k ae
yJhxGufvm+yD;/ tJ'D,lepftkyfpkrSm acgif;aqmifozG,f ae&m&vmcJhygw,f? ,lepftkyfpk[m AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;udk pdwrf csyJ *syefjyefxu
J yJx
h u
G v
f mwJh Adv
k af e0if;udk tm;ud;k w}u;D eJ@ q&marG; acgi;f aqmif
wifxm;wmvdk@qdkygw,f?
*syefppfwyfu tdENd,EkdifiHbufqDtxd csDwuf0ifa&mufEkdifzdk@ ud;pm;xm;ygw,f? +Adwdo#
wyf/ tar&duefwyfawGeJ@ &ifqdkifwdkufyGJqif&+yD; wyfvef aemufqkwfvm&ygw,f?
t"dywd}uD; a'gufwmAarmfu waoG;woHwrdef@ atmfaeayr,fh zufqpf[m urBmh
jynfoltm;vHk;&J qef@usifr_udkcH&+yD; tusbufqD ajymif;vJvmaeyg+yD?
tJ't
D csed rf mS ocifApdeef @J ocifxeG ;f tkyv
f nf; *syefu vdr+f y;D ac:wmcH&&if; puFmyle@J *smAm;
u|ef;rSm wa,mufwae&mqDcGJ+yD; tus,fcsKyfcsxm;wm cHae&yg+yD? *syefudkqef@usifvdk@r[kwfyg?
*syefukd ,H=k unfveG ;f +yD; *syefe@J aygi;f +yD; olw@kd tm%m&atmif=uHpnf=u&if; *syeftvdrcf o
H mG ;&wm
jzpfygw,f? t"dywd a'gufwmAarmfudk zwfcs+yD; olwdk@tm%m&a&; }uHpnf=upOf a'gufwmAarmf
udkom acgif;aqmiftjzpfvdkcsifaewJh *syefu olwdk@udk jynfyydk@+yD; z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;yg?
tJ't
D csed w
f ek ;f u &Sad ewJh Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkawG&J tajctaeudk =unfv
h u
kd rf ,fq&kd if *syef
ay;wJh vGwfvyfa&;twkta,mif qdkif;bkwfatmufrSm 'dk@Armqif;&Jom;tpnf;tHk; }uD;[m
tm%m&tzGJ tpnf;}uD;ozG,jf zpfygw,f? tqifq
h ifah om tkycf sKyfa&;tzGJ tpnf; }uD;i,fawGukd
'd@k Armqif;&Jom;tpnf;tH;k 0ifawGe@J yJ t"duxm;zGJ pnf;xm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wu,ft
h m%m
uawmh *syefppfwyfvufxJrSmyJ&Sdygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwDuawmh ajratmuftjzpfeJ@ &yfwnf
v_y&f mS ;ae=u&ygw,f? 'DygwED pS cf [
k m oabmobm0csi;f rwln=D uovdk jzpfwnfzJG pnf; ay:ayguf
vmyHkcsif;vnf;rwl=uyg? 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkt+yD;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tOD;qHk;ay:
ayguv
f mygw,f? vlwef;pm;udt
k ajccH+yD; tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm;&J wyfO;D ygwt
D jzpf ay:ayguv
f m
wmjzpfovdk/ rmhufpfvDeif0g'udk vrf;!eftbd"rRmtjzpf udkifpGJ+yD; EdkifiHwumuGefjrLepfv_yf&Sm;r_
}u;D &Jtpdwt
f ydik ;f w&yftjzpfvnf;cH,u
l m/ tqH;k wae@rmS vlwef;pm;rJh avmu}u;D qDtxd tquf
rjywf csDwufoGm;zdk@ ar#mfrSef;xm;wJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfygw,f?
jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDaemufrSm ay:aygufvmcJh+yD;/ EkdifiHa&;
ygwDwckqdkwmxuf EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufwck/ EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;aqmifwmwckudk owfrSwf+yD;/ tJ'D
owfrw
S x
f m;wJh vkyif ef;aqmifwmudk umvwcktwGi;f rSm twly;l wGaJ qmif&u
G o
f mG ;=uzd@k tav;
ay; zGJpnf;xm;wJh tpktpnf;}uD;wck&Joabmudk ydk@aqmifygw,f? vlwef;pm;ygwDtjzpf wnf
axmifxm;wmr[kwfovdk vrf;!eftbd"rRmtjzpf jymef;udkifpGJxm;wmvnf;r&Sdyg? 'gayr,fh
trsm;pk}uD;[m rmhufpfvDeif0g'udk ,Hk=unfolawG wdrf;!wfolawG/ vdkvm;olawG/ ,kH=unfwdrf;
!wfw,fvdk@ qkdolawGjzpfygw,f? 'D*&Dtedrfhtjrifhcsif;awmh rwlnD=uyg? t"duu t*Fvdyf
udkvdkeDtpdk;&udk vufeufpGJudkifzwfcsEkdifa&;twGuf &nf&G,fzGJpnf;cJhwmjzpf+yD; ArmjynfvGwfvyf
a&;twGufudkyJ yef;wdkiftjzpf owfrSwfxlaxmifcJhwmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh ocifA[def;vdk uGefjrL
epf xdyfoD;acgif;aqmifwOD;[m jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD rSmvnf; ta&;}uD; acgif;aqmifwOD;
30
0if;wihfxGef;
tjzpfyg0ifaewmud=k unf&h if xif&mS ;ygw,f? Adv

k cf sKyfatmifqef;vnf; ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD taxG
axGtwGif;a&;r; eHygwf (1) jzpfvsufeJ@ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD xlaxmif&mrSm ta&;}uD;acgif;
aqmifwOD;tjzpf yg0ifaecJhygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;a&m ocifA[def;yg 1942 ckESpf aemufydkif;
jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD tpktwGif; rawG&awmhyg?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD+yD;&if ta&;}uD;tiftm;pkwcktoGif jzpf
ay:wnf&v
dS mwmu Armhwyfrawmf yg? &Jabmfo;kH usyd ef @J pcJ+h yD; 1942 ck/ ESpq
f ef;ydik ;f rSm tiftm;pk
w&yftoGif tcdik t
f rmwnf&adS eyg+y?D Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;tygt0if &Jabmfo;kH usyd q
f w
kd mudk jyef=unfh
r,fqdk&ifvnf; oHk;yHkESpfyHkausmf[m rmufpf0g' vDeif0g' qdk&S,fvpftawG;tac: ,Hk=unfvufcH
ESpo
f ufoal wG jzpfae=uwJt
h jyif/ trsm;pk}u;D [m ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw/D jynfol ta&;awmfyykH gwD
awGeJ@ wenf;r[kwf wenf; ywfoufae=uygw,f? bDtdkifatacwf/ bD'Datacwfwavsmuf
jzpfay:wnf&SdvmwJh ArmhwyfrawmftwGif;&Sd t=uyf/wyfAdkvf/ wyfom;awGxJrSmvnf; uGefjrLepf
ygwDeJ@ywfoufolawG/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwDtpkeJ@ ywfoufolawG tHkeJ@usif;eJ@&Sdaeygw,f?
b,fe@J rS rywfoufwhJ t=uyf/ wyfAv
kd /f wyfom;/ wyfrawmfom; oufouf[m tifrwef enf;yg;
ygw,f? wyfrawmfudk,fwdkif trsdK;om;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_a=umifh ay:xGufvmwmjzpfawmh rsKd;cspfpdwf&Sd
olwdkif;[m trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;eJ@ ywfoufaeygw,f? EdkifiHa&;eJ@ ywfoufae&ygw,f? EdkifiHa&;eJ@
ywfoufae+yDqdkuwnf;u tJ'Dwkef;u a&Swef;ta&mufqHk;jzpfaewJh uGefjrLepfygwD/ 'grSr[kwf
jynfol ta&;awmfyykH gww
D @kd e@J wck od@k r[kwf wcke@J ywfouf+yD;om;jzpfomG ;ygw,f? ESpyf gwpD vH;k u
vnf; wyfrawmfwiG ;f pnf;H;k a&;vkyif ef;udk tav;xm;vky=f uygw,f? txl;ojzifh Ekid if aH &;/ oabm
w&m;a&;udk avhvmvd=k u/ qnf;yl;jznfph nf;vd=k uwJh wyfrawmfom;awG[m olw@kd avhvmqnf;yl;
vdkwJh EdkifiHa&;oabmw&m;awGtwGuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDqDudkom OD;wnf&ygawmhw,f?
bmvdk@vJqdkawmh tJ'Dvdk EdkifiHa&;oabmw&m;a&;udk oifwef;ay;Edkifwm/ a[majymydk@csEdkifwm
t"dutm;jzifh uGejf rLepfygwD eJ@ uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmifawGyJ &Sw
d t
hJ wGujf zpfw,f? Adv
k &f efatmif
vdk yk*Kd~ vfuawmif ocifA[de;f udk awG&ifajymay;yg/ ole@J awG&if oludk (Adv
k &f efatmifu)kd Edik if aH &;
oifwef;ay;ay;yg? vd@k vdv
k ckd sicf sif wufwufuGuGe@J Adv
k af usmaf Zmuwqifh rSmcJzh ;l owJ?h tJ'v
D kd
oifwef;yd@k csEikd o
f l oabmw&m; ydik Ef ikd af =unufoal wG[m uGejf rLepfawGcsn;f omvd@k qd&k ravmuf
jzpfcw
hJ ,f? ocifA[de;f uvnf; oifwef;yd@k csay;Edik w
f ahJ e&mrSm emrnf}uD;/ ocifoef;xGe;f uvnf;
oifwef;jy oifwef;cs emrnf}uD;? ocifpdk; uvnf; a&mufav&m oifwef;zGifh+yD; oabmw&m;
oifwef;ay;avh&o
dS ?l wyfrawmfwiG ;f u wyfr; wyfAv
kd w
f pfcsKd@[m pepfwus pDpOfv#Kd@0u
S +f y;D uGejf rL
epfygwu
D yd@k cswhJ EdkifiHa&;oifwef;/ oabmw&m;a&;oifwef;rsm;udk oGm;wuf=uavh&Sdygw,f?
wyfrawmf}uD;wckvHk;&J t"duacgif;aqmifuawmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;?
1944 ckEpS f azazmf0g&/D rwfva&mufawmh tdE,
dN a&mufaewJh ocifoed ;f az[m ocifoef;xGe;f
eJ@ tcdkiftrm tquftoG,f&ae+yDjzpfygw,f? ocifodef;az[mvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J
acgi;f aqmifwa,mufjzpfygw,f? ocifoef;xGe;f uwqifh ocifp;kd / Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ocifEw
k @kd e@J
vnf; v#dK0SufqufoG,frd+yDjzpfygw,f?
*syef0ifpuwnf;u *syefe@J jyoemay:cJh bDtikd af teJ@ jyoemay:cJzh ;l wJh u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;
31
0if;wihfxGef;
[m *syefqef@usifa&; pdwf"mwfwavsmufvHk; &SdaecJhw,f? a'gufwm pHpDzdk;/ apmpHzdk;oif/ apmbOD;/

apm[ife&D/ *|efqif/ uH}uD; wdk@[m xif&Sm;wJh u&iftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmifawGjzpf=uw,f? apmpHzdk;
oif[m awmifib
l ufrmS cd+k yD; ajymufusm;wyfpnf;H;k aewJh t*Fvyd af r*smqD;*&if;eJ@ tquftoG,f
&Sdaew,f? Adkvfp}uFmuawmif oludk tdENd,bufudk ydk@ay;ygvdk@ pum;urf;vSrf;cJhzl;ygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u apmpHz;kd oife@J apm=um'k;d udk wyfrawmfwiG ;f odr;f oGi;f yg0ifapcJw
h ,f?
apmpHzdk;oif[m wyfrawmfwGif;rSm Adkvf}uD;jzpfvmcJhovdk/ qif;[wf ppfwuUodkvfqif; apm=um'dk;
[m ppf0ef}uD;Hk;rSm 'kAdkvfr;}uD;jzpfvmcJhw,f? u&ifwyf&if;zGJ+yD; jrpf0u|ef;ay:udkvnf; u&ifArm
cspf=unfa&;tzGJawG apv$wf=uw,f? ocifEk eJ@ Adkvfvusfmwdk@&J cspf=unfa&;c&D;awG atmifjrifcJh
w,f? Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGe;f eJ@ apm=um'd;k / apm[ife&D/ *|eq
f ifu}H uD;wd@k vkd u&ifacgi;f
aqmifawG usdwf0dkif;aqG;aEG;=u+yD; *syefudk rawmfvSefrD u&ifArmaoG;pnf;a&;udk &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd
wnfaqmufcJh=uw,f?
1944 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1) &ufae@rSm *syefay;wJh ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; wESpfjynfhajrmufyGJ
*sLAvDa[mrSm usif;yw,f? t"dywda'gufwmbarmf rdef@cGef;ac|t+yD;rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
vGwfvyfa&;[m tay:,HvGwfvyfa&;yJ &Sdaeao;w,f? usKyfwdk@a&Squf+yD; pcef;oGm;EdkiftHk;rS
vGwfvyfa&;taumiftxnfudk jrif&vdrfhr,f vdk@ zGifh[ajymqdkoGm;w,f?
*syefudk qef@usifwGef;vSef=uzdk@ Armhajray:uae 'DzufqpfawGudk t+yD;ydkif armif;xkwfEdkifzdk@
vufawG b0awGuae awmif;qdkvmaeyg+yD?
*syefawG ArmjynfwiG ;f ajceif;0ifa&mufrvmEdik cf ifuwnf;u *syefawG[m zufqpfawGjzpf
w,f? 'DzufqpfawGudk OD;wnfqef@usifwdkufckduf&r,fvdk@ EkdifiHa&; a&csdef&Sd&SdeJ@ udjrifcJhwm[m
uGefjrLepfawGjzpfcJhw,f? udjrifwJhtwdkif; udvJajymcJhw,f? tif;pdefppfwrf;[m tcdkiftrmouf
aoygyJ?
udjrifwJhtwdkif; zufqpf0g'udk qef@usifzdk@/ zufqpfawGwdkufxkwfzdk@ udjyifcJhwmvnf;
uGejf rLepfawGyjJ zpfygw,f? tapmqH;k jyifqifpnf;H;k aecJw
h m/ tpDtpOf&&dS dS tiftm;pkaqmif; vkyaf qmif
aecJhwm uGefjrLepfawGjzpfaew,f?
1944 ckEpS x
f aJ &mufawmh uGejf rLepfawG&J 'Dtjrifukd a,bk,stm;jzifh tm;vH;k vdv
k u
kd od&dS
oabmayguf vufcHae&+yDjzpfygw,f? oabmw&m;a&;tajccHtm;jzifhawmh zufqpfqef@usifa&;
tjrif[m wpkwpnf; wnDw!Gwx
f q
J D a&muf&v
dS mcJyh g+y?D oabmw&m;a&;tjrifuae vufawG
qDoGm;zdk@vnf; pwifjyifqif=uyg+yD?
'kw,
d urBmph pf}uD; wckv;kH &Jtajctaeudk jyef=unfrh ,fq&dk ifvnf; qkAd ,
D ufppfrsuEf mS rSm
qdAk ,
D uf[m cHppfuae xd;k ppfu;l ajymif;vmaeyg+yD? *smrefemZDawGukd qkAd ,
D uftjyifa&mufatmif
wdkufxkwfypfvdkufEkdifyg+yD? tDwvDzufqpfawGvJ _H;edrfhoGm;+yDjzpfygw,f? wkwfjynfrSmvnf;
*syefawGa&Srwdk;EkdifawmhyJ cHae&+yDjzpfygw,f?
k&Sm;ppfrsufESmtjyif *smrefawGtay: 'kwd,ppfrsufESm topfwckudkvnf; r[mrdwf
ppfwyfawGu atmifjrifpGm zGifhvSpfEkdifcJh+yDjzpfygw,f? jyifopf aemfref'D urf;ajcudk atmifjrifpGm
urf;wuf EkdifcJh+yD; jyifopf/ b,fvf*sD,Hwdk@udk csDwufwdkufcdkufae+yDjzpfygw,f?
32
0if;wihfxGef;
1944 ckEpS /f =o*kwv

f (4) &ufae@rmS Adv
k af usmaf Zm (&Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if) OD;pD;wJh yJc;l pHjywyf
&if;xJrSm AdkvfausmfaZmtdrf tdyfcef; AdkvfausmfaZm&J ukwifay:rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; ocifpdk;wdk@ v#Kd0Suf+yD; awGqHkEkdifcJh=uw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmif
qef;&J txl;wm0efay;csuef @J Adv
k af usmaf Zm ud,
k w
f ikd f a';'&Je,f *Guav;&Gmta&mufomG ;+y;D zuf
qpfqef@usiaf &; ajratmufvyk if ef;awG v#Kd 0Suv
f yk af ewJh ocifp;kd udk ppft&m&Sid ,f ,leaD zmif;0wfqif
ap+yD; ac:xkwfvmcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? ocifpdk;udk oGm;ac:a&;twGuf a';'&Jc&D;pOfudk tao;pdwfpDpOf
ay;olu ocifoef;xGe;f jzpfygw,f? Adv
k af usmaf Zmtdrt
f xd ocifp;kd udk ac:xkwv
f mEdik +f yD;csed af &muf
rS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u yJc;l udv
k ma&muf tem;,lvnfywfw[
hJ efe@J yJc;l udak &mufvm+yD; ocifp;kd eJ@
awG@=uwmjzpfygw,f? AdkvfausmfaZm tdyfcef;xJrSm AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ ocifpdk;wdk@ oHk;&ufquf
wdkuf v#Kd0SufaqG;aEG;=uygw,f? 'Dordkif;0ifaqG;aEG;yGJ}uD;&J &v'fuawmh zwyvtzGJ}uD; atmif
jrifpmG zGJ pnf;Ekid jf cif;jzpfygw,f? tJ'aD emuf Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ocifp;kd / ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k aqG;aEG;
ndE_dif; wdkifyif=u+yD; zufqpfwdkufzsufa&; jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; (zwyv) tzGJ}uD;&J OD;pD;tzGJudk
zGJ Edik cf yhJ gw,f? wm0efcaJG 0,l=uwJt
h cg Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u ppfa&;/ ocifp;kd u Edik if aH &;/ ocifoef;
xGef;u EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&; jzpfvmygw,f? yxrqHk; yJcl;rSm pwifaqG;aEG;=upOfu ocifpdk;[m
uGejf rLepfygwu
D kd uk,
d pf m;y+yD;/ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;uawmh jynfol ta&;awmfyykH gwaD &m wyfrawmf
a&mudk udk,fpm;yaqG;aEG;=uwmjzpfygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m wyfrawmfudk
udk,fpm;yaqG;aEG;cJhwm jzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwDeJ@ ArmwyfrawmfqdkwJh t"dutiftm;pk
(3) pkudk tajccH+yD; (zwyv) qdkwJh trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pk}uD;udk zGJpnf;vdkufawmh wzGJv#if (3)
OD;pDeJ@ (9) OD;[m yxrqHk;aom zwyv A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ0ifawGjzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ocifpdk;/ ocifoef;xGef;/ ocifA[def;/ wyfrawmfrS AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;/ Adv
k v
f usmf / Akv
d af e0if;? jynfol ta&;awmfyykH gwrD S ocifcsp/f OD;AaqG/ OD;ausm+f idr;f ? ocifp;kd u
Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmif/ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u ppfa&;acgi;f aqmif/ ocifoef;xGe;f u taxGaxGtwGi;f
a&;r;eJ@ r[mrdwfrsm;eJ@ qufoG,fa&; wm0efudkyg,lygw,f?
zwyvzGJ +y;D wmeJ@ wyid ef uf/ pnf;urf;avsm&h &J jJ zpfaevd@k pHjywyf&if;awGzJG +y;D wnfaqmuf
ae&wJh wyfrawmfukd awmfveS af &;twGuf tcsed rf D jrefjrefajymif;vJ vmapzd@k Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u
uGefjrLepfygwDrS EdkifiHa&;au'gawGawmif;+yD; wyftoD;oD;xJ v#Kd0SufoGif;wmvkyfygw,f?
ocifoef;xGef;eJ@ ndE_dif;+yD; t"duwyfr;/ wyf=uyf acgif;aqmifawGudk EdkifiHa&;eJ@ awmfvSefa&; ynm
ay;a&;awGudk vkyfaqmifapygw,f?
tm&Svil ,ftpnf;tH;k xJuv
kd nf; wcsKd vli,frsm;udk ryfEaHS e&mcsxm;ay;+y;D tpDtpOf&&dS dS
v_yf&Sm;apygw,f? r[mrdwfrsm;eJ@ qufoG,fa&;wm0efudkyg,lxm;wJh ocifoef;xGef;[m tdENd,
rSm&SdaewJh ocifodef;azrSwqifh (zwyv) taeeJ@ Force 136 (t*FvdyfwyfzGJ 136) eJ@ tquf
toG,f w&m;0if&&Sdvmygw,f? zwyv taeeJ@ tdENd,a&muf ocifodef;azeJ@ 0dkif,mvuf
tquftoG,f vkyEf ikd v
f movdk Force 136 eJ@ zwyv wd@k wywf (2) }udrf 0dik ,
f mvuf qufo,
G f
a&; yHkrSefvkyfEkdifvmcJhw,f?
33
0if;wihfxGef;
zwyv tzGJ csKyf}uD;&J e,fcsJ zufqpf'jr *syefvl ikd ;f rsm;udak rmif;xkw=f u qkw
d ahJ =unm
pmwrf; trSwf (1) udk v#Kd0Suf+yD; xkwfjyefjzef@jzL;vdkufygw,f?
*syefawG 0ifvmpuwnf;u ajratmufawmfvSefa&; enf;emawGeJ@ zufqpfqef@usifa&;
vkyif ef;awGvyk af ecJw
h hJ uGejf rLepfygwaD =umifh oabmw&m;a&;0g'jzef@csad &; ynmay;a&;awG twdik ;f
twmwcktxd jynfhpHkae+yD;jzpfygw,f? ta&;}uD;vSwJh ajymufusm;tajccHa'o azmfxkwfa&;eJ@
ajymufusm;wyfzGJawG zGJpnf;a&;udkvnf; jyifqifEdkifcJh+yD; vdktyfwJh ppfoifwef;rsm;udkvnf;
aus;vuf awm&Gm a'oawmfawmfrsm;rsm;txd pnf;Hk;ydk@csxm;Ekdif+yD;jzpfygw,f?
'Dvkd a&&Snaf jratmufawmfveS af &; enf;emawGe@J vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G &f wma=umifh awmfveS f
a&; rqifEEJ$ ikd af o;rDtcsed t
f wGi;f rSmudk ay;cJ&h wJh t&if;tES;D awGvnf;&Scd yhJ gw,f? ArmjynfueG jf rLepf
ygwD0if &JabmfcspfwD; (ac: ) &Jabmfodef;wef (ppfudkif;) (Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh&Jtudk&if;) [m *syef
uifaywdik af wG&J tzrf;cH&+yD; nO;f yrf;ESyd pf ufrr_ sK;d pHu
k kd owW&d &dS &dS ifqikd &f if;/ ppfuikd ;f wHwm;}uD;ay:rSm/
*syef"m;csufatmufrSm {&m0wDjrpf}uD;twGif; vnfjywf+yD; acgif;uscJh&ygw,f? &uf&ufpufpuf
towfccH &hJ ygw,f? 1942 ckEpS t
f wGi;f rSmyg? *syefqef@usiaf &;v_y&f mS ;r_awGa=umifh tapmqH;k zrf;qD;
cH&olawGxrJ mS ocifausmpf ed /f ocifazaX;/ ocifjroef;/ q&m&m*sef wd@k vnf; ygcyhJ gw,f? olw@kd [m
vnf; uGejf rLepfawGjzpfcyhJ gw,f? awmifi/l jzL; ocifoef;azvnf; &uf&ufpufpuf tESyd pf ufccH &hJ w,f?
1944 ckESpf/ pufwifbm/ atmufwdkbmvxJrSm ocifoef;xGef;&J pepfwus tpDtpOfeJ@
kyfjy0ifvkyfaewJh 0ef}uD;qdkwJh tumtuG,feJ@ ocifAdkvf/ ref;0if;armifwdk@OD;aqmifwJh rsKd;cspf&Jabmf
wodkufudk ppfynmavhvmzdk@ awmfvSefa&;vkyfief;awGvkyfaqmifzdk@ tdENd,EdkifiH ocifodef;azqD
v$wEf ikd cf yhJ gw,f? u&ifrsK;d cspw
f a,mufvnf;jzpf wd;k wufwt
hJ jrif&o
dS v
l nf;jzpfwhJ ref;0if;armif[m
ocifoef;xGef;udk,fwdkif arG;jrLa&G;cs,fcJhwmyg? txufArmjynfwdkif;r;jzpfwJh Adkvfr;Axl;eJ@ ocif
oef;xGe;f csw
d q
f ufrrd d pDpOf+yD; tdE,
dN yd@k a&;udk wokw+f yD;wokwf pDpOfaqmif&u
G Ef ikd cf yhJ gw,f? Adv
k rf ;
cspaf umif;/ Adv
k t
f ;kH armif/ OD;ausm&f if (aemif ygarmuQO;D ausm&f if) wd@k [m tJ'v
D ekd nf;eJ@ tdE,
dN a&muf
cJ=h uwJo
h al wGyg? &cdik Af v
kd !
f x
kd eG ;f wd@k tzGJ ryg/ tm;vH;k (30) &Sw
d ,fqykd gw,f? 'D&aJ bmfawG[m aemif
(avxD;) &JabmfawGvdk@ trnfxif&Sm;vmcJh=uygw,f? Armjynfordkif;rSm ta&;ygolawGjzpfcJh=uyg
w,f? trsm;pk}uD;[m uGefjrLepfawGjzpf=uygw,f?
pufwifbmvxJrSmyJ OD;AaqG/ OD;ausmf+idrf;/ Adkvfae0if;/ Adkvf&JxGfwdk@ a';'&JudkoGm;+yD;
zwyv}uD;&J EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif ocifpdk;eJ@ awG=u+yD; pnf;Hk;a&;qdkif&m tao;pdwfvkyfief;awG
xyfnEd id_ ;f aqG;aEG;jzpf=uygw,f? atmufwb
kd mvxJrmS Adv
k af tmif}uD;/ Adv
k af rmifarmif/ ocifcspef @J
&efukefbaqGwdk@ ocifpdk;eJ@ v#Kd0SufawGqHk=uum uGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD/ wyfr
awmfw@kd wygww
D nf;tjzpfy;l aygi;f +y;D awmfveS af &;wyfO;D zGJ =ujyefygw,f? zwyv}u;D [m v#Kd 0Suf
trsKd;om; wyfaygif;pktzGJ@csKyf}uD;tjzpf ajcvSrf;&Sd&Sd ouf0ifv_yf&Sm;aeyg+yD?
1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvxJrSm *syefudk qef@usifwdkufcdkufwJh vufawGwdkufyGJawGuawmh
&cdkifwdkif;rSm pwifay:aygufvmygw,f? &cdkifwdkif;[m yx0Dtaetxm;t& r[mrdwf+Adwdo#awG
tckdiftrmwyfcsxm;wJh tdENd,eJ@ e,fedrdwfcsif;qufpyfae+yD; zufqpfawmfvSefa&;twGuf 1942
ckESpf ESpfv,favmufuxJu ocifodef;az/ ocifwifa&$wdk@ tdENd,rul;cif ocifpdk;/ ocifwifjrwdk@
34
0if;wihfxGef;
rif;jym;bufa&mufvm&if;/ tapmqHk; pnf;Hk;jyifqifcJh=uovdk Adkvf&efatmifwdk@ a&mufvmawmh

vnf; pnf;Hk;a&;vkyfcJhHkru vufeufwcsKdeJ@ &HyHkaiGawGyg ay;tyfxm;cJhwJh wdkif;jzpfygw,f? &cdkif
wd@k Armqif;&Jom; tpnf;tH;k acgi;f aqmifawG[m ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J tquftoG,,
f x
l m;
=u+yD; AkHaygufomausmf/ udkvSausmfwdk@[m jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwDeJ@ qufoG,fxm;=uygw,f?
OD;!dkxGef;/ OD;ausmfjr/ OD;bpH/ OD;pdE Wm/ OD;ynmoD[/ OD;atmifomOD;/ OD;ausmf&ifwdk@[m &cdkifawmf
vSefa&;acgif;aqmifawGjzpfygw,f? zwyv eJ@ qufoG,fvkyfudkifae=uolawGvnf;jzpf=uygw,f?
r[mrdwaf wGbufuvnf; ArmjynfppfrsuEf mS zGizhf @kd yxrqH;k wdu
k o
f ifw
h w
hJ ikd ;f vd@k owfrw
S f
xm;+yD;/ 1944 tukefrSm ppfawGcdkif ar,k/ ukvm;wefjrpfzsm;teD;rSm&SdwJh *syefawGudk pwifxkd;
ppfqifygw,f? r[mrdwfawG ukvm;wefjrpfzsm;teD;rSm&SdwJh *syefawGudk pwifxdk;ppfqifygw,f?
r[mrdwaf wG ukvm;wefjrpfjzwfrul;Edik cf if Adv
k =f umvSatmif acgi;f aqmifwhJ &cdik u
f muG,af &;wyf
awGu *syefudk aoewfajymif;vSnf+yD; wdkufygw,f? &cdkifzufqpfawmfvSefa&;eJ@ acgif;aqmiftjzpf
wm0ef,lxm;wJh Adkvf!dkxGef;[m r[mrdwf (136) acgif;aqmif ar*smul;eJ@twl avxD;udqif;
a&muf&Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f? Adkvf=umvSatmifeJ@aygif;rd+yD; wyfopfawGzGJvdkuf=uygw,f? OD;pdE WmeJ@
AHkaygufomausmf wdk@udk rif;jym;bufrSm avxD;eJ@csay;+yD; vdkif;,if; (LION) tzGJemrnfeJ@
wdkuf=uygw,f? ausmufjzLbufrSmvnf; ocifodef;azv$wfvdkufwJh OD;bapmwdk@tzGJ[m 1945
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DrSm avxD;eJ@qif;Edkifvm+yD;jzpfygw,f? oHwGJudkwm0ef,l&wJh OD;ausmf&ifu &efukef
ajymif;wm0ef,l&vdk@ ol@vufatmuf usefvlrsm;u qufwm0ef,l=uygw,f? azazmf0g&DvrSm
rif;jym;/ ajryHkbufrSm wdkufyGJawG wdkufyGJawG pdyfvmyg+yD?
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;udk wjynfvHk;qifE$Jzdk@ aemufqHk;awGqHkaqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfr_awGvkyfzdk@
1945 ckESpf/ rwfvqef;rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tdrfrSm awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifawG v#Kd0SufawGqHk
aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? (3) &ufqufwdkuf npOfaqG;aEG;=u+yD;aemuf wjynfvHk;&J EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif
ocifp;kd / wjynfv;kH ppfa&;acgi;f aqmif Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ wjynfv;kH &J Edik if jH cm;qufo,
G &f ;wm0efcH
ocifoef;xGe;f tjzpf owfrw
S +f yD;wJt
h jyif/ ppfwikd ;f }uD;awG owfrw
S cf aJG 0ydik ;f jcm;=u+yD; wdik ;f tvdu
k /f
a'otvdkuf EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif ppfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udkyg owfrSwfcGJa0 wm0efcsxm; zGJpnf;
vdkuf=uygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh wdkif;}uD; (7) wdkif;/ a'ooHk;ckcGJ+yD; wjynfvHk;twGuf zufqpfawmf
vSeaf &;}uD; qifEzJ$ @kd rwfv (27) ae@tjzpf owfrw
S v
f u
kd yf gw,f? ppfwikd ;f rsm;&J Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmif
awG[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDucsnf;jzpf+yD; ppfa&;acgif;aqmifawG[m Armhwyfrawmfucsnf;
jzpfygw,f? wdkif;tvdkuf EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfucsnf;jzpfygw,f? wdkif;
tvdu
k f Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawG[m ocifp;kd / ocifA[de;f / ocifcsp/f ocifAode;f wif/ ocifwifxeG ;f /
ocifwifjr/ udkpH!Gef@wkd@jzpf=u+yD; ppfa&;acgif;aqmifawG[m AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;/ Adkvfarmifarmif/
Adkvfapm=um'dk;/ Adkvfae0if;/ AdkvfausmfaZm/ AdkvfwifxGef;/ Adkvf&JxGf/ AdkvfrSL;atmif/ AkdvfrSL;Axl;/
Akdvfcif!dk wdk@jzpf+yD; wdkif; (2)/ wdkif; (3) qufoG,fa&;wm0efcHu Akdvfvusfmjzpfygw,f? OD;AaqGeJ@
OD;ausmf+idrf; u &efukefwm0efcHjzpfygw,f?
&cdkifawmfvSefa&;orm;awG&J pGrf;yum;eJ@ 1944 ckESpf ESpfukefydkif;u pwifvdkufwJh zufqpf
awmfveS af &;atmifyaJG wGa=umif/h r[mrdww
f yfawG[m &cdik w
f ikd ;f udjk zwf+y;D ArmjynftwGi;f atmifjrif
35
0if;wihfxGef;
pGm0ifa&mufvmEdkif+yDjzpfygw,f? rHk&GmeJ@ a&$bdkbuftxd r[mrdwfwyfawG xdk;ppfqifvmcJh+yDjzpfyg

w,f? AHk;=uJav,mOfawGeJ@ AHk;}uJwdkufcdkufvdkuf tajrmuf}uD;awG wifhum;awGeJ@yg ypfvdkuf wuf
vdkufeJ@ 0ifvmcJhygw,f? &efukefrdudkvnf; r[mrdwfwyfu AHk;}uJwdkufcdkufwmawG tqufrjywf
vkyfvmygw,f?
1945 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvqef;ydkif;a&mufawmh txufArmjynf a&0ifwZ,fe,fbufrSm
*syefawGu a[mf0pfZm ajrjyifypftajrmuf}uD;awG jzef@cGJcsxm;+yD; t}uD;tus,f ckcHae=uwm
a=umifh/ r[mrdwfwyfawG a&SrqufwufEdkifjzpf=uygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u ppfudkif;e,frSm
ygwDwyf qdkwm&Sdygw,f? zufqpfqef@usifa&; awmfvSefa&;qifE$JEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&; ppfa&;
oifwef;ay;+yD; v#Kd 0Supf mG zG@J pnf;xm;wJh ajymufusm;wyfjzpfygw,f? a'ocHawGuawmh ygww
D yf
vd@k yaJ c: =uygw,f? tJ'D ygww
D yf rSmEkid if aH &;rSL;/ 'k Ekid if aH &;rSL;eJ@ ppfa&;wm0efc/H 'kppfa&;wm0efc&H dS
ygw,f? wyf&J t"duyk*~dKvf (4) OD;yg? tifzmppfrsufESmudk ydk@ay;aewJh *syef&J v#Kd0Sufaxmufydk@
pcef;xJu vufeufawGudkyg enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ &,lpkaqmif;wJhwm0efudkvnf; 'DwyfzGJ0ifrsm;[m
tpDtpOf&&dS dS vkyu
f ikd af e=uygw,f? Adv
k rf LS ;Axl;eJ@vnf; csw
d q
f ufrrd d qufo,
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k rf LS ;
Axl; uvnf; uGefjrLepfacgif;aqmif wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifwa,mufjzpfovdk/ ygwDwyfu ta&;
}uD;yk*K~ v
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k o
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d u
f siaf rmife@J
&JabmfjrifhaqG wdk@jzpfygw,f?
zufqpfqef@usiaf &;awmfveS af &;orm;awGukd ae&mray;csiaf yr,fh a&SrwufEikd f tcuftcJ
jzpfaewJh r[mrdww
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ygw,f? tdE,
dN a&muf ocifoed ;f azeJ@ rH&k mG wm0efcu
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a&;rSL; &Jabmfv_dif vdkufoGm;ygw,f? aqG;aEG;r_ tqifrajyjzpf+yD; &Jabmfv_difudk r[mrdwfwyfu
zrf;xm;vdkufygw,f? &Gmopf}uD;rSmcsKyfxm;vdkufygw,f? t*FvdyfawGu ppfa&;udpPom aqG;aEG;
csiw
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k af &;udpaP wGukd ppfa&;wm0efcH vmaqG;aEG;yg vd@k
xyfta=umif;=um;vmvd@k ppfa&;wm0efcH Adv
k o
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f yfu ume,fwa,mufu vufcaH wGqHyk gw,f? ppfa&;wm0efcH ESpOf ;D u
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dS hJ ppfuikd ;f awmif;kd udk AH;k =uJ+yD;&Si;f vif;zd@k pDpOfxm;a=umif;
ajymjyvmwJhtwGuf/ ppfajy;'kuQonf jynfolvlxk odef;csD&SdaewJh ppfudkif;awmifdk;udk AHk;r=uJzdk@
ta=umuftuef jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;&ygw,f? aemufqHk;rSm *syefuifaywdkifHk;&SdwJh usKdufvwfacsmifudk
om AHk;=uJzdk@ t*Fvdyfbufu tav#mhay;oGm;ygw,f? ppfa&;udpPawG aqG;aEG;=u&mrSm tqifajy
ae+yD; aemufqHk; ume,fu cifAsm;wdk@ EdkifiHa&;&nf&G,fcsufubmvJ vdk@ ar;w,fqdkygw,f?
ppfa&;wm0efcH Adkvfodrf;OD;eJ@ Adkvfusifarmifu vHk;0vGwfvyfa&; csufcsif;&zdk@yJ vdk@ ajzvdkuf=u
awmh/ ume,f}u;D u wqifch si;f 'drk ed ,
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armif;qJqdkygawmhw,f? +yD;awmh rif;wdk@[m *syefppfAdkvfawGjzpfvdk@ ckcsdefup+yD; oHk@yef;tjzpf
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k +f yD wJ?h aemufrS ppfa&;wm0efcEH pS af ,muf odvu
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36
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xkwfoHk;ajymqdkayr,fh pum;0Suf [kwfr[kwf txufwifjyr,f? ckawmhzrf;w,f qdk+yD; a&$bdkeJ@
tke;f awm t=um;u qm;awmif&mG udk wef;yd@k vu
kd yf gw,f? qm;awmif &Gmudak &muf+yD;aemufyikd ;f
pum;0SufrSefw,f? 'gayrJh ppfAdkvfawGjzpfvdk@ ppfoHk@yef;yJ qdk+yD;/ yg;udkufvdk@ em;udkufwJhoabm
npf+yD; qufcsKyfxm;vdu
k yf gw,f? qm;awmif uae usm;rif;}uD;&Gmem;&Sd tcsKyfpcef;udk ae&ma&$
+yD; ajymif;csKyfxm;ygw,f?ygwDwyf &J ta&;}uD;yk*~dKvf (4) OD;rSm (3) OD;u tcsKyfcHae&yg+yD?
Adkvfodrf;OD;eJ@ Adkvfusifarmif[m usm;rif;}uD; &Gmem;u tcsKyfpcef;rSm tcsKyfcHae&wkef;
tjyifxGuf acs;yHk; ao;yHk;oGefcGifht&rSm usefaecJhwJh 'kEkdifiHa&;r;qD pmwapmifa&;+yD; ydk@vdkuf=uyg
w,f? 'dk@awmhtzrf;cHae&+yD vufeufapmifhraeeJ@ &SdwmeJ@yJwdkuf=u qdkwJh ta=umif;=um;pmyg?
pmu 'k Edik if aH &;rSL;qD qdu
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ppfudkif;u xwdkufwm rE Wav;uudrod&if rE Wav;emEdkifwma&m/ wdkif;rSL;cGifhycsuf&,lzdk@vdkwm
a&ma=umifhyg/ wdkif;rSL; AdkvfrSL;Axl;qD tpD&ifcHvdkufygw,f? Adkvfr;Axl;eJ@ txufArmjynfqdkif&m
ygwaD cgi;f aqmifawG nEd id_ ;f =u+yD; wnDw!Gww
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kd =f uygw,f? tJ'q
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owfrSwfvdkuf&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f?
'Dvdk owfrSwfvdkuf&wm&J wjcm;ta&;}uD;tcsuf wcsufuawmh r[mrdwfwyfawG[m
csi;f wGi;f udjk zwf+yD; rH&k mG bufu xd;k qif;vmr,fh ppfa=umif;wa=umif;/ a&$bv
kd iG jf yifujkd zwf+yD; a&$bkd
bufu xdk;qif;vmr,fh ppfa=umif;wa=umif;eJ@ ppfudkif;bufudk OD;wnfxdk;ppfqifvmae+yDjzpfwJh
twGuf/ r[mrdwfwyfawG ppfudkif;udk rodrf;ydkufEkdifrD ArmhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pku awmfvSefa&;
pzdk@ vdktyfvmwmvJygygw,f?
wjynfvHk;twGuf owfrSwfxm;wJh rwfv (27) &ufae@rwdkifrD txufArmjynfwdkif;u
AdkvfrSL;Axl; acgif;aqmifwJh awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk[m rwfv (8) &ufae@udk ajymif;vJowfrSwf+yD;
awmfvSefa&;udk apm+yD; qifvdkuf=u&ygw,f?
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qH;k aom zufqpfqef@usiaf &; wku
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kd Ef ikd yf gw,f?
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v$waf y;Hrk u wyfcw
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37
0if;wihfxGef;
jzef@csum *syefawGudk wdkufcdkuf&if; ausmufqnfbufqD xGufvkduf=uygw,f? wyftoD;oD;[m

rE aW v;rd vrf;ay:rSm/ r[mjrwfrek b
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atmif Adkvfr;Axl; u a'gufwmAarmfeJ@wuG AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; wdk@onf *syefkyfao;rsm;jzpfae
onf? jynfolwdk@udk *syefzufqpfwdk@u ESdyfpufnOf;yef;ae=uonfudk vufydkufIom =unfhae=u
onf? xdk@a=umifh olwdk@.acgif;aqmifr_udk r,Hk=unfawmhyJ jynfoltultnDjzifhom *syefudk
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AdkvfAxl;&J@ *syefawmfvSefa&;owif;a=umihf &efukefrS *syefawG v_yfv_yf &Sm;&Sm;jzpfoGm;=u
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awmfveS af &;a&Sajy;vm; qdw
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&Sd *syeft=uHay;t&m&SdcsKyf ar*sm*sife&,f q0grdkwdkeJ@ uDwm*sD;rm;wdk@u Armhwyfrawmf[m wkduf
&nfcdkuf&nf&Sdw,f? tpGrf;jycsifaew,f? 'ga=umifh Armhwyfrawmfudk vufeufodrf;r,fhtpm;
,Hk=unftm;ay;wJhtaeeJ@ vufeufcJ,rf;awmifxyfay;+yD; ppfrsufESmawGrSm edyGefwyfawGeJ@twl
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38
0if;wihfxGef;
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jyEkdifcJhovdk Armjynf te,fe,ft&yf&yfu ajymufusm;wyfzGJrsm;/ ocifoef;xGef;/ ocifA[def;/
ocifoef;azwdk@ OD;pD;wJh jzL;/ awmifil/ dk;rwa=umu &Jacgifajymufusm;rsm;[mvnf; zufqpf*syef
awGudk pHcsdefwif&avmufatmif rsKd;zwfacsr_ef; okwfoifwdkufyGJqifEdkifcJhygw,f?
avxD;&JabmfawGuvnf; owfrw
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f m;&m awmfveS af &;a'otwGi;f r[mrdww
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twlqif;+y;D wdu
k yf 0JG ifEidk cf =hJ uygw,f? ArmjynfppfajrjyiftwGi;f ar*sm *sief &,fpvif;&J 'D0ZD H (14)
wyfrsm;/ ar*sm*sief &,f0if;*dw&f J wyfrsm;/ tar&duef txl;wyfzJG acgi;f aqmif ume,fr&J &D J wyfzJG
rsm;/ tar&duef *sife&,fpwD;0Jvf&Jwyfrsm;/ tdENd,wyfrsm;/ wkwfwyfrsm;/ zdk@(136) wyfzGJrsm;
yg0ifwdkufcdkufcJh=uygw,f? t*Fvdyfrsm;[m ava=umif;uvnf; t}uD;tus,f AHk;}uJwdkufcdkufwm
awGvkyfcJhygw,f?
*syefawmfveS af &;tprSm *syefawG&J zrf;qD;jcif;cHvu
kd &f wJh OD;AaqG vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf
vHk;yef;tm;xkwfzdk@ wm0efus&m wdkif; (3) udk rvkdufEdkifawmhwJh OD;ausmf+idrf;[m &efukefrSmyJ vSnfh
vnfa&Smifwdrf;&if; &efukefwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifygw,f?
*syefrsm;[m {+yDv (23) &ufae@rSm t"dywda'gufwmAarmftpdk;&tzGJudk ac: +yD; &efukef
rd uae qkwcf mG ygw,f? a'guw
f mAarmfe@J twl vdu
k o
f mG ;=u&olawGuawmh ocifjr/ ocifE/k AE<Kv
OD;pdef/ OD;xGef;atmif/ Adkvf&efEkdifeJ@ a'gufwmb[efwdk@ wawG jzpfygw,f? *syefawGu &efukefuae
qkwfcGm+yD; armfvrdifrSm Hk;pkduf/ aemuf rk'Hkajymif;Hk;pdkuf&if; qkwfcGmygw,f? rk'Hkta&mufrSmawmh
ocifjr/ ocifEkwdk@ aomifwifusef&pfcJh+yD; a'gufwmAarmfom *syefjynftxd ygoGm;&ygawmhw,f?
1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30) &ufrSm rsKd;cspfwyfrawmfu &efukefudk pwif0ifa&mufygw,f?
t*Fvdyfwyfu arv (3) &ufrS &efukefudk 0ifa&mufvmEdkifayr,fh/ olwdk@odrf;wmtjzpf tom;,l
a=unmygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm *syefeJ@wdkufyGJawGuawmh t}uD;tus,f qifEJ$ae&qJjzpfygw,f? jynf
olta&;awmfyHkygwDu ArmhawmfvSefa&;wyfrawmfu &efukefrdudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;+yD
jzpfa=umif;/ rdolrdom;tm;vHk;. vHkcHa&;twGuf wm0ef,la=umif; a=unmcsufxkwfygw,f?
Akv
d af e0if;[m arv (6) &ufae@rS jrpf0u|e;f ay:wyfrsm;udk Akv
d w
f ifazxHtyfE+HS y;D &efuek u
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kd if;vm
wmjzpfayr,fh Adkvfae0if;wynfhausmf Akdvfatmif}uD;u Adkvfae0if;eHrnfeJ@ &efukefrdudk Armhwyfr
awmfu odrf;ydkufvdkufa=umif; a=unmcsufudk Armvdk t*Fvdyfvdk (2) bmom eJ@arv (7) &ufae@
ae@pGJeJ@ vufjrefajcjrefvkyf+yD; urBmudk a=unmygw,f? t*Fvdyfvdkbmomjyefcsufudkawmh *sme,f
ausmfOD;cspfarmifeJ@ OD;cifarmifvwfwdk@u jyefqdka&;om;ay;&w,fvdk@qdkygw,f? &efukef tprf;
toHvi$ hf kH vd@k trnfwyf+yD; toHvi$ Xhf me ,m,DziG +fh yD; a=unmvdu
k w
f hJ tJ't
D oHvi$ ahf =unmcsuf
39
0if;wihfxGef;
udk tdENd,a&'D,dkeJ@ bDbDpD toHv$ifhXmeawGuwqifh xyfqifh toHv$ifhay;vdkufwma=umifh urBmh

udka=unm+yD;jzpfoGm;ygw,f? Akdvfatmif}uD;&J Adkvfae0if; od'<dwifay;csufjzpfygw,f?
tJ'v
D dk zufqpfawmfveS af &;umv}uD;twGi;f rSm awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;=um;rSm/ txl;
ojzifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwD=um;rSm EkdifiHa&;t,ltqESpfck jzpfay:
uGJjym;vmjyefygw,f?
wcku zufqpfwdk@udk tuGif;rJhwkdufcdkufacsr_ef;a&;onfomy"me/ zufqpf wdk@udk
tjywftowf wdkufcdkufEkdifwmeJ@tr# t*Fvdyfwdk@eJ@ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf pm&if;&Sif;&mrSm
+idrf;csrf;pGm+yD;pD;Ekdifvdrhfr,f jzpf+yD; tjcm;wcku
zufqpfw@kd ukd tuGi;f rJw
h u
kd cf u
kd af csre_ ;f a&;[m y"mer[kw/f olw@kd um; _;H zd@k aocsmae+yD?
udk,fhtm;udk,fzef;wD;ovdk vkyfzkd@rvdk? jyefvmr,fh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJudk ckcHwdkufcdkufa&;om y"me/
xkdwdkufyGJtwGufom udwifjyifqifxm;&r,f qdkwmjzpfygw,f?
t,ltqESpcf k jyif;xefvmwJt
h cg wzufu avmavmq,f wdu
k x
f w
k &f r,fh *syefukd wdu
k f
rxkwfyJ rvmao;wJh t*Fvdyfudkjyefcszdk@ vufeufpkxm;&r,f ajymaeolawG[m um,uHajrmuf
tm;jzifh *syefolv#Kd? *syefudk rwdkuf&Jvdk@ a&Smifae&ef qifajcay;jcif;vdk@jrifovdk/ wzufuvnf;
t*Fvdyfvufu +idrf;csrf;pGmvGwfvyfa&;&,lEdkifw,fajymum *syefudkwdkufxkwfa&;wckwnf; rJae
olawG[m t*Fvdyfudk vufeufcst_H;ay;r,fholawGjzpfw,f/ t*Fvdyfudk vufeufcst_H;ay;r,fh
olawGvdk@ pGyfpGJajymqdk=uygw,f?
*syefawGqkwfcGmoGm;&vdk@ &efukefrday:udk EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
a&mufvm=uygw,f? t*Fvdyfppfwyfu *sife&,fcsdef;Am; (General Chambers) uvJ &efukefrdudk
ppftkyfcsKyfa&; tm%mydkiftjzpf olu tkyfcsKyf&vdrfhr,fvdk@ w&m;0ef}uD;a[mif; OD;jrbl;/ OD;bOD;wdk@
a&SrSm a=unmajymqdkvmygw,f?
urBmrSm qkdAD,ufwyfeDawmf&J tifrwef}uD;us,fwJh wkdufyGJatmifyGJ owif;awGa=umifh
qdkAD,uf,leD,H[m EdkifiHwumjynfolrsm;=um; *k%foduQm}uD;rm;vmcJhovdk/ ArmjynfrSmvnf;
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m jynfolawG=um; *k%ftwufqHk;tcsdefjzpfvmcJhygw,f? ArmjynfrSm
*syefzufqpfawGudk wdkufypf&r,fvdk@ pjrifcJhwm[m uGefjrLepfawGjzpfcJh+yD;/ wdkufyGJawGtwGif;rSm
vnf; &Gyf&Gyfc|efc|efwkdufjycJh=uEkdifawmh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkawG=um;
=oZmt&Sdef}uD;rm;vmcJhygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;wyfOD; uae wygwDwnf;jzpfa&; aqG;aEG;=uwJhtcg uGefjrLepfygwDu
jynfolta&;awmfyHkygwDacgif;aqmifwpkudk wygwDwnf;jzpfcsif&if uGefjrLepfygwDwGif;odk@ jynfol
ta&;awmfyHkygwD0ifrsm; wOD;csif;0if=uzdk@eJ@ ocifcspf/ ocifAaqG (OD;AaqG) wdk@udk vufcHEdkifayr,fh
OD;ausmf+idrf;udkawmh vufrcHEkdifbl;vdk@qkdowJh? aemufqHk;rSm wygwDwnf; rjzpfEkdifawmhyJ ysufoGm;
cJhygw,f?
*syefawmfvSefa&;+yD;&if EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJawG[m ta&;}uD;vmawmhr,fvdk@ jrifwmu
wa=umif;/ wav#mufvHk; ajratmuftjzpfeJ@ &yfwnfv_yf&Sm;vm&wmuae w&m;0ifvlxk=um;
&yfwnfv_yf&Sm;vmEdkifwmudku }uD;us,fwJhatmifyJGwckjzpfw,fvdk@ odjrifcH,lvdkufwma=umifhyg/
40
0if;wihfxGef;
1945 ckESpf/ arv (3) &ufae@rSm &efukefrd Am;u&mvrf;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD qdkwJh

qdkif;bkwfudk uGefjrLepfygwDu w&m;0ifwifvdkufygawmhw,f?
uGefjrLepfygwD&Jt&Sdef[m tifrwef}uD;cJhovdk uGefjrLepfygwDwGif; 0ifvdkolawGvnf;
tvGerf sm;wJu
h mvyg? ArmjynfrmS xif&mS ;wJh Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifreS o
f r# uGejf rLepf0g'eJ@ ywfouf
cJh=ubl;ovdk uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@vnf; ywfouf,SufEG,fcJh=uzl;ygw,f? &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifawGxJrSm
qdk&if Akdvf&efatmif/ Adkvfvusfm/ AdkvfaZ,s/ Adkvf&JxGf/ AdkvfausmfaZm/ Adkvfva&mif/ Adkvfwm&m
pwJholawG[m uGefjrLepfygwD0if awGjzpfcJh=uygw,f? Adkvfae0if;awmif uGefjrLepfygwD0iftjzpf
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;umvtwGif;rSm ocifpdk;qD tqdkycJhzl;ygw,f? &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifr[kwfwJh
AdkvfawGxJrSmqkd&ifvnf; AdkvfAxl;/ AkdvftmVm0u wdk@utp Adkvfcspfaumif; (AdkvfrSL;cspfaumif;)/
Adkvfyk/ Adkvfoef;a&$/ Akdvf&J'if/ Akdvfrif;'if/ oHr%dAdkvfarmifarmif/ Adkvfodef;wef/ Adkvfatmifrif;/
Adv
k rf sK;d jrif/h Adv
k af t;aiG/ Akv
d af tmifaz/ Adv
k w
f u
kd af tmif/ Adv
k t
f ;kH armif (avxD;) wd@k awG[m uGejf rLepf
ygw0D ifawGyg? Adv
k pf aH iG (OD;cspv
f id_ f rqv A[dEk ikd if aH &;wuUov
kd af usmif;tky}f uD;) vnf; uGejf rLepfyg
wD0ifczhJ ;l ovd/k Adv
k af omif;'ef (umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf-av) wd@k vnf; uGejf rLepfygweD @J ywfoufc=hJ u
zl;ygw,f?
uGejf rLepfygwu
D ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwq
D ikd ;f bkwu
f kd Am;u&mvrf;rSm w&m;0ifwifvu
kd w
f hJ
tcg OD;ausmf+idrf;/ OD;AaqGwdk@uvvnf; ocifjrudk OuU tjzpfwifajrmuf+yD; jynfolta&;awmfyHk
ygwDtpk0ifrsm;udk pkpnf;um Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwD qdkif;bkwfudk ra&S;raESmif;wifzdk@ ud;pm;
tm;xkwfvm=uygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwD tydiftqdkif wnf&Sdvmyg+yD? Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygw&D J acgi;f aqmifawGtjzpf vlx=k um;xif&mS ;vmwmu ocifp;kd / ocifoef;xGe;f / ocif
odef;az (odef;azjrifh)/ ocifA[def;/ ocifAodef;wif/ &Jabmfbwif ac: *dk&S,f/ ocifoef;rdif/ ocif
oef;az (awmifil)/ ocifZif/ ocifwifxGef;/ ocifjroGif/ ocifwifjrwdk@ jzpf=uygw,f?
Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwD&J acgif;aqmifawGtjzpf wufwufuGuG v_yf&Sm;ay:vGifvm
wmu OD;ausm+f idr;f / OD;AaqG/ OD;udu
k }kd uD; (aemif-ode;f av;q,fuu
kd }kd uD;)/ ocifwif/ ocifausm'f eG ;f /
OD;vSarmif/ Adkvfcifarmifav;/ &efukefAaqGwdk@ jzpf=uygw,f? Akdvfae0if;/ Akdvfarmifarmif/ Adkvf
atmif}uD;/ bHkaygufomausmfwkd@vnf; acgif;aqmifawGtjzpf yg0ifvm=uygw,f// uGefjrLepfygwDu
rmhufpfvDeif0g'udk vrf;!eftbd"rRmtjzpf twdtvif;cH,lusihfoHk;+yD; tvkyform;vlwef;pm;&J
wyfOD;ygwDtjzpf tcdkiftrm &yfwnfv_yf&Sm;ygw,f?
qdk&S,fvpfygwD uawmh &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; wdwdyy cH,lxm;wm rawG&yJ qdk&S,fvpfa&;
&nfrSef;csufawGudk auG;a=umfae=uwmawmhawG&ygw,f?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu
D rmhuv
f eD if0g' oabmw&m;oifwef;awGay;+yD;/ qdAk ,
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(abmfvf&SDApf) ordkif;tusOf;csKyfudkyJ r&&atmif&Sm+yD; oifwef;ydk@csw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkawGt=um; pnf;H;k a&;eJ h wyfrawmfwiG ;f pnf;H;k a&;yg tyid t
f qdik f pnf;H;k
v_yf&Sm;=uygw,f? jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD&J ta&;}uD;acgif;aqmif (&JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifjzpf=ur,fh
41
0if;wihfxGef;
yk*~dKvfawGudk *syefydk@a&;udpP aqmif&GufcJhwJh t"duacgif;aqmif) ocifcspfuawmh qdk&S,fvpfyg

wDbufrSmraeyJ ArmuGefjrLepfygwDbuf w&m;0ifa&mufvmcJhygw,f?
1945 ckESpf/ arv (17) &ufae@rSm qif;rvm;pDrHudef;ac: puULjzLpDrHudef; xGufay:vmyg
w,f? *syefawGt0ifrSm e,fcsJt*Fvdyfwdk@eJ@twl vdkufygxGufajy;oGm;+yD; tdENd,EkdifiH qif;rvm;
rdrSm Hk;pdkufaecJhwJh qif;rvm;tpdk;& (Armjynfppfajy; tpdk;&) u a&;qGJcJhwJh pDrHudef;jzpfygw,f?
('kwd,urBmppf}uD;+yD;&if/ usifhokH;zdk@ +Adwdo#ygvDrefudk wifjytwnfycsuf&,lxm;+yD; jzpfw,fqdk
wJh) 'DpuULjzLpDrHudef;&J tcsKyfoabmuawmh Armjynfudk t*Fvdyfu qufvufu|efyxm;a&;jzpf
ygw,f?
t*FvdyfwyfawG[m olwkd@odrf;ydkufxm;or# ae&ma'oawGtm;vHk;rSm ppfbufqkdif&m
rdjytkyfcsKyfa&;udk xlaxmifxm;+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f? ArmEdkifiHqdkif&m rdjytkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJawGudk
t*Fvdyfvdk (Civil Affairs Service Burma) vdk@ac:ygw,f? twdkaumuf CASB jzpfwma=umifh
uufpbDtkyfcsKyfa&;vdk@ac:ygw,f? uufpbDtkyfcsKyfa&;udk +Adwdo#AdkvfcsKyf [l;bwf&ef@ u OD;pD;
tkyfcsKyfygw,f? 1944 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D (1) &ufup+yD;/ uufpbDudk/ ta&Sawmiftm&Sqkdif&m r[m
rdwfwyfrsm;&J aoemywd armifhbufwefvufatmufrSm v$Jajymif;+yD;/ r[mrdwfwyfrsm;&J vuf
eufudkifwyfawG tcdkiftrm&Sdaeovdk/ wzufu zwyvtzGJcsKyf}uD;eJ@ ArmvufeufudkifwyfawG
vnf; wnf&Sdaeygw,f? 1945 ckESpf/ arvukefrSm ta&;}uD; EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmiftm;vHk; &efukefudk
jyefvnfa&muf&v
dS m=u+yD;jzpfygw,f? zufqpfawmfveS af &;wdu
k yf aJG wGuawmh a'oawmfawmfrsm;
rsm;rSm qufqifEaJG e&qJjzpfygw,f? weoFm&Dwikd ;f wwdik ;f vH;k [m zufqpfatmufrmS yJ &Sad eygao;
w,f? *syefrsm;[m ppfawmif;jrpf ta&Sbufurf;wav#muf cHppfa=umif;rsm; wnfaqmuf+yD;
acgi;f rmrm wdu
k cf u
kd =f uqJjzpfygw,f? yJc;l d;k rawmifwef;eJ@ awmtkyaf wGtwGi;f pk;kH rdaewJh trSwf
(28) *syefwyfr}uD;&J *syefwyfom;rsm;[m r[mrdwfwyfr}uD;rsm;eJ@ ArmzufqpfawmfvSefa&;
tiftm;pkawG ydwq
f @kd xm;wJh &efuek -f rE aW v; vrf;r}uD;twdik ;f twif;xd;k azmuf+yD; ppfawmif;jrpf
ta&Sbufurf;qD jzwful;Edkifzdk@ ud;pm;ae=uqJ jzpfygw,f?
1945 ckEpS /f ZGev
f xJrmS +Adwo
d #vufeufuikd w
f yfrsm;&J aoemywd/ ta&Sawmift&Sqikd &f m
r[mrdwfwyfrsm;&J ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifhbufwef[m t&yf&yftajctaersm;udk ppfaq;avh
vmzd@k &efuek f rdudk a&mufvmygw,f? ZGev
f (16) &ufae@rmS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k
eJ@ awGqHkaqG;aEG;ygw,f? t"du aqG;aEG;wmu ArmvufeufudkifwyfawG&J tem*wfta&;jzpfyg
w,f?
1945 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20) &ufae@rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu ygwD&J 'kwd,t}udrf
uGef*&ufudkusif;yw,f? ocifoef;xGef;u obmywdtjzpfaqmif&Guf+yD; usif;yygw,f? udk,fpm;
vS,feJ@ {nfhonfaygif; (200) ausmfavmuf wufa&muf=u+yD;/ olrdef@cGef;xJrSm zufqpfwdkufzsuf
a&;eJ@ jyefvnfxal xmifa&; tvky}f uD; (2) ck&w
dS ,fqw
kd mudk tav;wifazmfjyoGm;&if; 'Dtvky}f uD;
ESpfckudk +yD;atmifvkyfzdk@ trsKd;om;tpdk;& w&yfvdkw,f? trsKd;om;tpdk;&w&yfay:aygufzdk@ ppftkyf
csKyfa&; tjrefqHk;&yfpJzdk@ vdkw,fqdkwm &Sif;jyygw,f? (1) ppftkyfcsKyfa&;tjref&yfpJzdk@/ (2) ,m,D
trsK;d om;tpd;k &zGJ pnf;/ a&G;aumufyt
JG jrefq;kH usi;f y+y;D wdik ;f yjynfyv$waf wmf}u;D ac: zd@k / (3) wdik ;f y
42
0if;wihfxGef;
jynfyv$wfawmf}uD;u ArmEdkifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; a&;qGJzdk@qdkwmudk xkwfazmf&Sif;vif;oGm;w,f? taxG

axGtwGi;f a&;r; ocifp;kd u Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;pOf udk zwf=um;wifoiG ;f ygw,f? uGejf rLepfygw[
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wdik ;f &if;om;"e&Sirf sm;eJ@ yl;aygi;f +yD; vGwv
f yfa&;vkyif ef;udk aqmif&u
G &f mrSm b,fawmhrS rpGe@f vw
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f kd twGi;f a&;r; tpD&ifcpH mxJrmS azmfjyoGm;ygw,f? tJ'guawmh (1) uGejf rL
epfygwD oD;jcm;xlaxmifciG &fh jdS cif;/ (2) tvkyo
f rm;/ v,form;rsm;tusK;d twGuf pnf;H;k &mrSm uGejf rL
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tzGJcsKyfwGif tvkyform; v,form;wdk@udk,fpm; uGefjrLepfygwDu vGwfvyfpGm a0zefcGifh&Sdjcif;wdk@
jzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J 'kwd,uGef*&ufudk (20) &ufuae (27) &ufae@txd usif;yyg
w,f? usif;yaewJhumvtwGif; Zlvdkif (26) &ufae@rSm t*Fvefa&G;aumufyGJrSm tufwvD
acgi;f aqmifwhJ avbmygwD tEdik &f wufvmygw,f? avbmygwD tEkid &f wufvmjcif;[m Armjynf/
tdENd,jynfwdk@&J vGwfvyfa&;twGuf aumif;wJhtvm;tvmyJvdk@ ,lqcJh=uygw,f? Zlvdkif (27)
&ufae@ uGef*&ufaemufqHk;ae@rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrDwDtopfudk a&G;cs,fwif
ajrmuf=uygw,f? A[dkaumfrwD0if (22) OD;eJ@ A[kdaumfrDwD pnf;kH;a&;rSL; (9) OD; / aygif; (31) OD;
jzpfygw,f// uGefu&ufu ygwDtaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ocifpkd;ukd tdrfaxmifa&; pnf;rsOf;azmuf
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ocifoed ;f az jzpfvmygw,f// ocifoed ;f az tdE,
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uGefu&uf usif;yaewJh Zlvkdif (20) &ufrSmawmh awmifileJ@yJcl;=um; &xm;vrf;/ um;vrf;
wav#muf zufqpfawmfveS af &; tiftm;pkrsm;eJ@ *syefw@dk &J wku
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43
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axmifa&;vkyfief;t&yf&yfukd wnDw!Gwfwnf; aqmif&Guf=u&ef jyif;xefpGm wkdufwGef;vkdufyg
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Akdvfarmifarmif/ Akdvfatmif}uD;/ AkdvfausmfaZm/ Akdvf&JxGf/ AkdvfrSL;atmif/ AkdvftmVm0u/ wkd@ (10)
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45
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(5200)/ t&Hwyfom; (3000)/ Adkvf (200)/ t&HAdkvf (200) udk Armjynf +Adwdo#vufatmuf&Sd
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46
0if;wihfxGef;
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awG trsm;}uD;ay:cJhovdk EkdifiHa&;udkyJ aZmufcsvkyfzdk@ wyfuxGufvdkufolawGvnf; awmfawmfrsm;
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vnf; zufqpfqef@usiaf &;jynfol vGwv
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w,f? 'DtzGJcsKyf}uD;twGif;rSm t"dutiftm;pktjzpf wnf&Sdaewmu vuf0Jtiftm;pk jzpfcJhyg
w,f? vusfmtiftm;pkrsm;[m aemufrS us,fus,fjyef@jyef@zGifh+yD; zGJpnf;vdkufwJhtcgrS ygvm=u/
a&mufvm=uolawGjzpfygw,f? vuf0t
J iftm;pkawGxrJ mS vnf; t"du tckid t
f rmwnf&adS ewmu
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J Armjynfq&kd ,
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k m zqyv tzGJ csKyf}uD;
twGi;f rSm twlwnf&adS eovd/k tydit
f qdik t
f jzpfvnf; wnf&adS ecJ=h uygw,f? vusmf orm;Edik if aH &;
orm;a[mif;}uD;awG[m trsm;tm;jzifh EdkifiHa&;usm;ao}uD;awGjzpfygw,f?
zqyv tzGJ csKyf}uD;&J tzGJ cGaJ wG[m ArmjynftES@H tjym; w&m;0ifzJG pnf; ay:ayguv
f mcJh
ovdk uGefjrLepfygwD/ qdk&S,fvpfygwDwdk@&J tzGJcGJawG[mvnf; a'otESH@ zGJpnf;ay:aygufvmcJhyg
w,f? 1945 ckESpf/ pufwifbm (29) &ufae@rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J jynfoltm%m*sme,f
pwifxkwfa0 xGufay:vmygw,f?
atmufwdkbmvv,frSm ppfajy;bk&ifcH qma':refprpf &efukefudk jyefa&mufvmygw,f?
wjynfv;kH u qef@usiu
f ef@uu
G af ewJh puULjzLpDru
H ed ;f udk tpG,x
f w
k zf @kd u;d pm;ygw,f? atmufwb
kd m
(16) &ufae@rSm tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0efawGudk pwifvufcH aqmif&Gufygw,f? ppftkyfcsKyfa&;eJ@ ppfzuf
qdkif&mrdjytkyfcsKyfa&; kyfodrf;vdkufwJhtwGuf uufpfbDtkyfcsKyfa&;acwf tqHk;owfoGm;ygw,f?
qma':refprpfu bk&ifcHwOD;wnf;tm%mydkifwJh puULjzLtkyfcsKyfa&;udk pwifygw,f?
ppf}uD;twGi;f ysupf ;D qH;k _;H cJ&h wJh +Adwo
d #e,fcsJ ydik f ukex
f w
k v
f yk if ef;rsm;/ o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&;vkyif ef;
rsm;eJ@ pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk t"duxm;+yD; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfzdk@jyifygw,f? cspfwD;
awGeJ@ ajr&Sif}uD;i,fawGuvnf; olwdk@ydkifqdkifcJhwJh ajr,mawGeJ@ v,faxmufcpyg;awGudk v,fo
rm;awGqDu twif;t=uyf jyefvnfvk,uf ,liifzdk@ tm;xkwfvm=uygw,f?
qma':refprpfu bk&ifc&H J twdik yf ifcH tr_aqmiftzGJ eJ@ twdik yf ifcH Oya'yv$waf wmfzJG zd@k
jyifygw,f? todtrSwfry&if rjzpfawmhwJh zqyv tzGJcsKyf}uD;udk puULjzLpDrHudef;rSm yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufzdk@ bk&ifcHu zdwf=um;aqG;aEG;ygw,f?
zqyvu Ekid if jH yefvnfxal xmifa&;eJ@ w&m;r#wwJah &G;aumufyJG tjrefusi;f yEkid af &;udk
&nf&G,f+yD; tr_aqmifaumifpDrSm yg0ifzdk@ oabmwlygw,f? atmufwdkbm (19) &ufrSm bk&ifcHeJ@
oGm;a&mufawGqH+k yD; zqyv 0ef}uD;avmif; (11) OD;pm&if;udk ay;tyfygw,f? bk&ifcu
H oabmrwl
yJ jiif;y,fvdkufygw,f? bk&ifcHeJ@ zqyvwkd@ xdyfwdkuf ydyuQ pwifygawmhw,f?
bk&ifcu
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k nf; &mxl;
jy+y;D zJx
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k &f if; olpdwf uu
d f tr_aqmifaumifpD zGJ vdu
k yf gw,f? ppfajy;tpd;k &tzGJ 0ifa[mif; qmay:
xGe;f / qmxGe;f atmifausmef @J qm*|e0f u
kd /f qmruf';l *Jw@kd ukd tr_aqmifaumifp0D ifawGtjzpf cef@tyf
47
0if;wihfxGef;
vdu
k yf gw,f? zqyv uaexGu+f yD; &mxl;,l=ur,fh rsK;d cspyf gwu
D OD;btke;f / OD;at;/ OD;yke@J ref;bcif
wd@k uv
kd nf; aumifp0D iftjzpfcef@tyfygw,f? rsK;d cspyf gwu
D yJjzpfwhJ OD;vGe;f / qif;&Jom;ygwu
D OD;om
,m0wDarmifarmife@J OD;&efatmifqo
kd w
l @kd tjyif r=umcifurS Armjynfjyefa&mufvmwJh ocifxeG ;f tkyf
udkvnf; tr_aqmifaumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfa&G;cs,fvdkufygw,f? olpdwfuduf Oya'yaumifpD
qdkwmudkvnf; zqyv tjyifbufa&muf&Sdae=uwJh vusfmEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;rsm;eJ@ zGJpnf;vdkufyg
w,f? (1945 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbm (1) &ufae@rSm cg;ydkufaqmif bk&ifhtwdkifyifcH tr_aqmifaumifpD
xGufay:vmcJh+yD; 'DZifbm (31) &ufae@rSm ykwfoif!dk Oya'yaumifpD jzpfwnfvmcJhygw,f?)
1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmif+yD; jynfol&Jabmf
wyfzGJ) zGJpnf;ay:xGef;vmygw,f? +Adwdo#vufatmufcH Armhwyfrawmfudk uENDpmcsKyft&
zGJpnf;&mrSm yg0ifcGifhr&wJh &Jabmfa[mif;awGudk tajccH+yD; bDtkdifat/ bD'Dat&Jabmfa[mif;awG/
awmfvSefa&;orm;awGeJ@yg pkpnf;zGJpnf;vdkufwm jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh 0g'tm;jzifh uGefjrLepf0g'
,Hk=unfola&m r,Hk=unfolyg yg0ifvmcJhygw,f? ppfwyfzGJpnf;yHktwdkif; zGJpnf;cJh+yD;/ ppfaoemywd
eJ@ OuUtjzpf Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ 'kw,
d aoemywdtjzpf Adv
k rf LS ;atmif jzpfygw,f? OD;pD;aumfrwD
0ifawGuawmh AdkvfxGef;vif;/ Adkvfva&mif/ Adkvfzdk;uGef;/ AdkvfAwif/ AdkvfvSat;/ Adkvfwiftkef;/
Adkvfodef;wef/ Adkvfatmifrif;/ Akdvfykwdk@wawGjzpfygw,f? jynfol&JabmfwyfzGJxJudk &Jabmfa[mif;
awGomru/ &JabmfopfawGyg 0ifa&mufvm=uwJhtwGuf umvr=umrDtwGif;rSmyJ wyfzGJ0if
wodef;ausmf&SdvmcJhygw,f? ppfa&;avhusihfr_awGvkyf=uygw,f? ppf,leDazmif;awG 0wfqif=uyg
w,f? rd&GmtESH@ ay:aygufvmygw,f?
bk&ifcu
H jynfo@l &aJ bmf udk zqyv&J cg;ydu
k af qmifwyfzJG vd@k ,lqygw,f? wdik ;f jynfqyl l
atmif v_yf&Sm;aeolawGvdk@ orkwfygw,f? ,leDazmif;r0wf&/ ppfa&;ravhusifh&trdef@awGxkwf+yD;
trdef@qef@usifolawGudk zrf;qD;ta&;,lygw,f? jynfol&Jabmfudk ysufatmifzsufygw,f? 'gayrJh
ysufatmifrzsufEdkifyg?
zqyv}uD;xJudk jynfol&Jabmf[m tiftm;pkwcktjzpf yg0ifvmcJhygw,f? zqyv}uD;eJ@
bk&ifct
H pd;k &=um; wif;rmr_awG[m wqif+h yD;wqifh wd;k vmcJyh gw,f? bk&ifc&H J tr_aqmifaumifpD
eJ@ Oya'yaumifpD [m vlxk=um;=oZmr&Sdyg? zqyv }uD;&J =oZmom wkd;wufjrifhrm;vmcJhyg
w,f? bk&ifcHtpdk;&[m puULjzLpDrHudef;t& jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tay: wdk;+yD; zdESdyfwmawGvkyfyg
w,f? zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;u ,m,D=um;jzwftpdk;&zJGpnf;a&;/ wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf ay:xGef;
a&;/ puULjzLpDrHudef;yg pD;yGm;a&;ydk*sufrsm; zsufodrf;a&;pwJh rlvawmif;qdkcsufawGudk vlxktif
tm;eJ@zdzdpD;pD; qufvufawmif;qdk v_yf&Sm;ygw,f?
1946 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&D (21) &ufae@rmS wrsK;d om;vH;k &J wyfaygi;f pk}uD;jzpfwhJ zqyv tzGJ csKyf
}uD;u vlxw
k ode;f ausmw
f ufa&mufwhJ puULjzLtkycf sKyfa&; uef@uu
G yf }JG uD;udk usi;f yygw,f? 'Duef@
uGuq
f ENjyyG}J uD;[m bk&ifct
H yk cf sKyfa&;udo
k m udik v
f y_ v
f u
kd Ef ikd w
f mr[kw/f t*Fvefavbmtpd;k &udyk g
wkefv_yfoGm;apcJhygw,f? OuU AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGef;wdk@
OD;pD;wJh zqyv &J yxrqHk;nDvmcHudkvnf; a&$wd*Hktv,fypP,HrSm wcrf;wem; usif;yygw,f?
48
0if;wihfxGef;
vlxw
k ode;f ausmef @J wjynfv;kH ud,
k pf m;vS,f (1200) ausmf wufa&mufwn
hJ v
D mcH}uD;rSm vH;k 0vGwf
vyfa&;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifa&;/ ajr,mjy\emajz&Sif;a&;/ e,fcsJt&if;tESD;rsm;udk jynf
olyikd o
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h w
l ikd ;f rJqENay;cGi&hf a&;/ wdik ;f yjynfyv$waf wmf ac:,lusi;f y
Ekid af &; pwJh ta&;}uD;qH;k jzwfcsuaf wG csrw
S Ef ikd cf =hJ uygw,f// 'Dnv
D mcH}uD;rSmyJ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk
wrsKd;om;vHk;&Jacgif;aqmif OuUtjzpf wifajrmufcJhygw,f?
1946 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&DvrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrDwDtpnf;ta0; usif;yyg
w,f? +idrf;csrf;pGmajymif;vJa&;jzpfwJh ba&muf'g0g' udk w&m;0ify,fzsufypfvdkuf=uygw,f//
ba&muf'g0g'trSm;/ ygwDwGif;a&mufvmcJhykHZmpfjrpfudk/ &SmazGazmfxkwfokH;oyfa0zef=u&if;u/
ud,
k w
f ikd f wufwufuGuG vufcjH zef@cscd o
hJ w
l OD;jzpfcw
hJ hJ ocifp;kd [m wjcm;olrsm;tay:om jypfwif
_wcf sa0zef+y;D *d%
k ;f cGx
J u
G o
f mG ;ygw,f? uGejf rLepfygwD (Armjynf) qkw
d hJ tvHeyD gwD udk cG+J y;D xlaxmif
vdkufygw,f? ocifpdk;eJ@twl ocifwifjr/ a':apmjr pwJh A[kdaumfrDwD0if (7) OD; ygoGm;ygw,f?
uGejf rLepfygwD uGrJ oGm;a&;twGuf ocifA[de;f ud,
k w
f ikd f twefwefud;pm;cJah o;ayr,fh ocifp;kd wd@k
u tacsmiform;awGe@J jcm;em;r_onf t}u;D qH;k aomawmfveS af &;vkyif ef;jzpfonf? vd@k au;G a=umf
+yD; cGJxGufoGm;ygw,f? tvHeDygwDudk zqyv uvnf; vufcHjcif;r&SdwJhtwGuf tvHeDtpk0if
rsm;[m zqyv}uD;&J@ tjyifbufukd a&muf&o
dS mG ;ygw,f? tvHeyD gw[
D m tvHeu
D u
kd ikd +f yD; wyfO;D
a&SuxGuu
f m &Gy&f yG cf |ecf |ef awmfveS af &;wdu
k yf aJG wGukd qifEjJG y&r,f qdw
k hJ tmabmfe@J twl vuf0J
pGef;v_yf&Sm;r_awGudk tqufrjywf azmfaqmifygawmhw,f?
1946 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v
D (28) &ufae@rmS bk&ifc&H J Oya'yaumifpD tpnf; ta0;usi;f y
ygw,f? bk&ifcHu vuf!dk;xkd; cef@tyfxm;wJh Oya'yaumifpD0iftm;vHk;vdkvdk[m zqyv
qef@usifa&;orm;awGjzpf=u+yD; zqyv tzGJcsKyfudk tjyif;txef a0zefwdkufcdkuf=uygw,f?
bk&ifcHudk,fwdkifuvnf; zqyvudk zdcGJzdk@ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk ppftwGif;vlowfr_eJ@
zrf;qD;ta&;,lzdk@ uvdrfuuspf^m%feJ@ =uHpnftm;xkwfvmygw,f? 'Dt=uH,kwfudk vufawG
taumiftxnfazmfEdkifa&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr,fh e,fcsJtvdkus yk*~KdvfwOD;vnf; ay:
aygufvmygw,f? tJ'Dyk*~Kdvfuawmh ocifxGef;tkyf ygyJ?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ twl ppfcsDcJhwJh ocifxGef;tkyf[m AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk oxHkcdkif
aygifrde,f oJjzLukef;aus;&Gm ukvm;ol}uD;owfcJhr_eJ@ ta&;,lzdk@ bk&ifcHxHwifjyygw,f? Oya'y
aumifprD mS vnf; bk&ifcu
H kd wdu
k w
f eG ;f wJt
h jyif w&m;H;k wif ppfaq;ta&;,lr,fq&kd if rsujf rifouf
aotjzpf oludk,fwkdif oufaocHygr,fvdk@ ,kwf,kwfrmrm tqdkyvmcJhygw,f? t*Fvdyfbk&ifcH&J
trsKd;om;pDrHudef;0ef}uD;jzpfwJh ocifxGef;tkyf&J e,fcsJtvdkus trsKd;om;opPmazmufvkyf&yf[m
wjynfvHk;udk tHh=ooGm;apcJhygw,f?
ocifoef;xGef;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;bufrS jywfjywfom;om;&yfwnfum ppftwGif;u
ocifxeG ;f tkyf ud,
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f u
J qDavsm&f mtcef;awGukd t*Fvyd f
bmomjyefqkd+yD; +Adwdo#ygvDrefu ygvDreftrwf 'dkif;bwf (Tom Driberg) wdk@qD ydk@vdkufygw,f?
ocifxeG ;f tkyu
f ,
kd w
f ikd f ppfajrjyifrmS / b,fvkd ud,
k x
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hJ ,fqw
kd mawG/ tm;yg;
49
0if;wihfxGef;
w& pmtkyfxJ a&;oGif;azmfjyxm;cJhcsufawGudk xkwfE_wf+yD; wdwdusus bmomjyefqdkay;vdkufwm

jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh ocifxeG ;f tky&f J ppftwGi;f &ufpuf=urf;uwfrr_ sm;a=umifh oludk tr_aqmif
aumifpDu xkwfy,fypfr,fvm; vdk@ tudk;tum;y ar;EkdifcJhw,fqkdygw,f?
aemufq;kH rSm Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk zrf;qD;ta&;,lr,fq&kd if jynfow
l &yfv;kH tHk uGvmrSm/
tHk uGvmcJ&h if tHk uGru
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dN wyfawGuv
kd nf; ac:,lv@kd r&Edik rf mS wGucf surf +d yD;/ bk&ifcH
[m t=uHtpnfukd vufav#mv
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kd &f ygw,f? bk&ifc&H J t=uH,w
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hf mG ;&ovdk ocifxeG ;f tkyf
vnf; tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; &moufyef EkdifiHa&;aooGm;&ygawmhw,f? vlxkcsOfzwf jzpfoGm;&ygawmh
w,f?
1946/ arv (18) &ufae@rSm tif;pdefcdkif xef;wyifta&;tcif; }uD;ay:aygufvmyg
w,f? jynfol@&Jabmf wcsKd tzrf;cH&wmudk rauseyfwJhtwGuf jynfol@&Jabmfrsm;/ awmifol
v,form;rsm;u pDwef;vSnfhvnf qENjy=uwmudk ykvdyfu aoewfeJ@ ypfcwfzdcGif;cJhygw,f?
v,form;}uD; (4) OD; aoewfxdrSef aoqHk;cJh&wJhtwGuf vlxktHkuGr_}uD; jzpfvmcJhygw,f?
zqyvtzGJcsKyf}uD;u bk&ifcHtpdk;&&J vkyf&yfudk tjyif;txef uef@uGuf_wfcswJhtjyif
pHpk rf;a&;tzGJ wckvnf; apv$wyf gw,f? uGejf rLepfygw&D J jynfo@l tm%m*sme,fuvnf; xef;wyif
aoewfypfr_ ta&;tcif;}uD; ta=umif; jyif;jyif;xefxef uef@uGufa&;om;ygw,f? &efukefvlxk
}uD;[m armfawmf,mOfor*~u um;rsm;eJ@ xef;wyifudk csDwufoGm;a&muf+yD; tiftm;jy=uyg
w,f?
vlwef;pm;toD;oD;&J rauseyfcsufawG 'D*&Djrifhoxuf jrifhvmygw,f? v,form;rsm;&J
tiwfjy\emajz&Sif;a&;/ vufikwfv,fajrvufrvGwfa&;/ trawmfa=u;&&Sda&;/ t&m&Sdqdk;
ol}uD;qdk;wdk@&J !Of;yef;ESdyfpufr_u vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJawG ay:aygufvmygw,f?
rcHr&yfEdkifwJh a'oawGrSmqdk&if &&mvufeuf pGJudkifykefuefr_awGawmif ay:aygufvmcJhyg
w,f? &ckdifolykef eJ@ ysOf;rem;e,frSm v,fa0;v,form;olykef}uD; ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f?
+Adwo
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bk&ifco
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r,fh zqyvwGi;f &Sd uGejf rLepf-qk&d ,
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r_awGuawmh xkeJ@xnfeJ@ jzpfay:vmaeygw,f? zqyv qdkwJh wyfaygif;pkqdkif;bkwfwckwnf;
atmufrSmjzpfayr,fh t"du ygwD}uD;ESpfckjzpfwJh uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ qdk&S,fvpfygwD[m olpnf;Hk;a&;
eJ@ol/ oltiftm;eJ@olvnf; tydiftqdkif wnf&Sdae=uygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J OD;aqmifr_
atmufrSm vlwef;pm;tvdkufqdkif&m or*~awG&Sdae=uovdk qdk&S,fvpfygwDatmufrSmvnf;
vlwef;pm;tvdkuf zGJpnf;xm;wJh tpnf;tHk; awG pifydifwnf&Sdaeygw,f? aemufxyf zqyv
tzGJcsKyftwGif;rSm ta&;}uD;tiftm;pkwcktjzpf jzpfwnfyg0ifvmwmuawmh 1945 ck 'DZifbm
(1) &ufae@rSmrS pwifzGJpnf;vdkufwJh jynfol&JabmfwyfzGJjzpfygw,f?
50
0if;wihfxGef;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ qkd&S,fvpfygwD/ jynfol&Jabmf tzGJ (3)

zGJ &J@ nD!w
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0if;wihfxGef;
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;acgi;f aqmifwhJ zqyv tzGJ csKyf}uD;[m awmif;qdck suf (3) &yfukd bk&ifcH
uaewqifh +Adwdo#tpdk;&qD Edk0ifbmvxJrSmyJ ay;ydk@vdkufygw,f? awmif;qdkcsuf (3) &yfuawmh
(1) vuf&Sdtr_aqmiftzGJudk vHk;0tm%m&Sdaom =um;jzwftpdk;&tjzpf ajymif;vJay;&rnf? (2)
wdkif;yjynfy v$wfawmfzGJpnf;a&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJ}uD; usif;y&rnf? (3) Armjynftm; vHk;0
vGwv
f yfaom wdik ;f jynftjzpf wESpt
f wGi;f jzpfap&rnf[k a=unmay;&rnfqw
kd mjzpfygw,f? 1947
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D (31) &ufae@ aemufqHk;xm;+yD; a=unmay;&ef rvdkufavsmygu tpdk;&tzGJrS E_wf
xGufr,fvdk@vnf; azmfjyvdkufygw,f?
zqyv&J wESpt
f wGi;f vGwv
f yfa&;auG;a=umfoeH @J vGwv
f yfa&;wku
d yf t
JG wGuf uGejf rLepf
ygwDu axmufcHcJhygw,f? ydyuQawG uGJvGJr_awG=um;xJuae axmufcHvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
1946/ 'DZifbmrSm +Adwdo#tpdk;&u Armtpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJudk vef'efvma&muf
aqG;aEG;zdk@ zdwf=um;&ygw,f? 'DZifbm (20) &ufrSm eef;&if0eftufwvDu u|Ekfyfwdk@onf "eo
[m,e,ftwGif;Y raevdkolrsm;tm; ae&rnf[krwm;vdkyg? Armjynfolwdk@onf olwdk@qENt&
olw@kd . aemifa&;udk qH;k jzwfprD =H u&efjzpfygonf? vd@k ygvrD efatmufvw
$ af wmfrmS a=unmay;&yg
w,f?
vef'efukd roGm;cif Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u jynfo/l zqyv/ wyfrawmfw@kd ukd toif&h =dS uyg/
pnf;vH;k nD!w
G =f uygv@kd rSm=um;owday;ygw,f? jynfol &Jabmfuv
kd nf; toifjh yifz@kd rSm=um;xm;cJh
ygw,f? 1947 Zefe0g&D (2) &ufae@rmS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k tzGJ tdE,
dN jynf e,l;a'vDukd av,mOf
eJ@ pwifc&D;xGufygw,f? e,l;a'vDrSm owif;pmq&mawGu ArmhvGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf;r_rSm tEk
enf;oHk;rvm;/ t=urf;enf;oHk;rvm; ar;=uygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfu tajctaet&yJ/ u|efawmfwdk@
uawmh vufraES;ygb;l vd@k ajzcJyh gw,f? Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; acgi;f aqmifwhJ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGJ rSm
yg0ifolawGuawmh/ ocifjr/ OD;baz/ OD;wifxGf/ ocifApdefeJ@ *KefOD;apmwdk@jzpfygw,f? ocifApdefeJ@
*KefOD;apm[m bk&ifcHu a&G;cs,fv$wfwmjzpfygw,f? t=uHay;tjzpf vdkufygoGm;=uolawGu
awmh OD;ausmf+idrf;/ Akdvfp}uFm/ ocifcspf (a';'&J)/ OD;b&if rdwDvmwkd@ jzpfygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ OD;wnfcsuftwGuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDuvnf; 1947 ckESpf
Zefe0g&v
D xJrmS yJ aemufq;kH wdu
k yf v
JG rf;pOf udck srw
S +f y;D zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w
G af &;wnfaqmuf
oGm;&ef qH;k jzwfvu
kd yf gw,f? e,fcsJ orm;udk t+y;D wdik f wdu
k x
f w
k af &;twGuf jyifqifygw,f? e,fcsJ
orm;wdu
k x
f w
k af &;twGuf vGwv
f yfa&;v_y&f mS ;r_reS o
f r#ukd yl;aygi;f tm;jznfzh @kd oabmxm; csrw
S f
ygw,f?
Zefe0g&D (9) &ufae@rmS vef'efukd Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k a&mufygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;
wdk@&J vGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf; ta&;qdkr_udk tm;jznfhbdk@ ArmjynfwGif;uae vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ e,fcsJqef@
usifa&; tiftm;jyyGJ}uD; usif;yqifEGJygw,f? (10) &ufae@rSm v,form;ae@/ (11) &ufae@rSm
jynfol&Jabmfae@/ (12) &ufae@rSm vcpm; tr_xrf;aygif;pHkae@/ (13) &ufae@ trsKd;orD;ae@/ (14)
&ufae@ tvkyo
f rm;ae@/ (15) &ufae@ ausmif;om;ae@/ (16) &ufae@ zqyv ae@ pojzifh ae@tvdu
k f
cGJ+yD; qENjy tiftm;jyv_yf&Sm;=uygw,f? tJ'Dv_yf&Sm;r_awGxJrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDuvnf;
55
0if;wihfxGef;
yl;aygif;tm;jznfh yg0ifcJhygw,f? tJ'DumvtwGif;rSm &&if&r&&ifcs auG;a=umfoH xGufay:vmcJh

ygw,f?
Zefe0g&D (13) &ufae@rmS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ tufwvDw@kd pwifaqG;aEG;=uygw,f? aqG;aEG;
aepOfumvtwGi;f rSm Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf &Sr;f jynfvx
l .
k ud,
k pf m;vS,rf [kwf vd@k &Sr;f jynf
apmfbGm;tcsKdu vef'efudk oHud;dkufygw,f? &Srf;jynfu OD;bZH (tif;av;)/ OD;azcif/ OD;xGef;jrifh
pwJh vli,fawGu vlxktpnf;ta0;ac: +yD; &Srf;jynfvlxkudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfw,fqdkwJh qHk;jzwfcsuf
udkcsrSwf+yD; oHud;jyefdkufygw,f?
Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@txd aqG;aEG;yGJ (10) }udrfusif;y+yD; atmifqef;-tufwvDpm
csKyf xGuaf y:vmcJyh gw,f? pmcsKyfukd ud,
k pf m;vS,w
f zGJ wnf; twlyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJ=h uwJh ocifApdeef @J
*KefO;D apmwd@k u yg0ifvuf rSwx
f ;kd jcif;ryyJ uef@uu
G cf =hJ uygw,f? (Armjynfjyefa&mufwahJ emufvJ
0ef}uD;tjzpfuae E_wfxGufoGm;=uygw,f)
pmcsKyfyg oabmwlnDcsufawGt& tr_aqmifaumifpD[m =um;jzwftpdk;&tjzpf todt
rSwf ycH&+yD; =um;jzwftpd;k & tm%m&vmygw,f? +Adwo
d #vufeufuikd f wyfawGrt
S y/ umuG,af &;
qdkif&m vufeufudkifwyfawGeJ@ EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xmeudk AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; acgif;aqmifwJh =um;jzwf
tpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfcGifh&ygw,f? udk,fydkif bma&;tkyfcsKyfr_udk &&Sdygw,f? Armtpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,f
r[mrif;}uD;wOD; vef'efrSm xm;cGifh&ygw,f? jynfreJ@awmifwef;a'o tem*wf ta&;twGuf
awmifwef;a'o&JqEN,l&ef oabmwl=uygw,f? t&G,fa&mufolwdkif; rJay;EkdifwJhpepfeJ@ a&G;
aumufwJh wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf ac:cGifh&cJh&ygw,f? wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf&J tqHk;tjzwfudk
+Adwdo#ygvDrefrSm twnfyzdk@ wifoGif;&r,fvdk@ oabmwlcJh=uygw,f?
azazmf0g&v
D qef;rSm Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; Armjynfjyefa&mufvmygw,f? Armjynf jyefa&muf
a&mufcsi;f atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfe@J ywfouf+yD; wdik ;f jynfukd wm0ef,l &Si;f vif;ajym=um;&m
rSm vGwv
f yfa&;r&cJah o;a=umif;/ od@k &mwGif enf;vrf;udo
k m&&Scd ahJ =umif;/ ,if;enf;vrf;udk taumif
txnfazmf&eftwGuf wwdkif;wjynfvHk; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfzdk@vdka=umif; vdk@ twdtvif; xkwfazmf
oGm;cJhygw,f?
1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D (5) &ufae@txd &efukefrd Aifweftxdrf;trSwf cef;rrSm u&if
trsKd;om;uGef*&uf usif;yygw,f? u&iftrsKd;om; (700) ausmf wufa&mufygw,f? tJ'DrSm
u&ifA[dktzGJcsKyf (KCO) eJ@ u&ifvli,frsm;tpnf;tHk; (KYO) aygif;+yD;/ u&iftrsKd;om;tzGJ
csKyf (KNU) zGJpnf;EdkifcJhygw,f? uGef*&ufrSm autif,luvJ atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfudk
uef@uGufa=umif; +Adwdo#eef;&if0efqDudk oHud;dkufygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;[m Ekid if w
H 0ef;oGm;+y;D wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; pnf;vH;k a&;/ twlwuG jynfaxmif
pk}u;D xlaxmifa&; a[majymygw,f? yifvn
kH v
D mcH}u;D ay:vmygw,f? &Sr;f jynfyifvkH rd rSm &Sr;f / ucsi/f
csif; udk,fpm;vS,fawG pka0;=uygw,f? u&ifeJ@ u&ifeDu avhvmoltjzpfyJ wufa&mufygw,f?
autif,lu z'dk0D&Dausmf/ oxHk OD;vSaz/ apmpHau;eJ@ OD;cspfwD;wdk@ avhvmoltjzpf wufa&mufyg
w,f? yifvHknDvmcH}uD;&J &v'ftjzpf ordkif;0if yifvHkpmcsKyf xGufay:vmcJhygw,f? azazmf0g&Dv
(12) &ufae@rmS yifvpkH mcsKyfukd vufrw
S af &;xd;k +yD; awmifwef;eJ@ ajrjyef@ waygi;f wnf; vGwv
f yfa&;
56
0if;wihfxGef;
&,la&; qHk;jzwfEkdifcJh=uygw,f? yifvHkpmcsKyfudk ArmEkdifiHtpdk;&udk,fpm; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ &Srf;/

ucsif/ csif; udk,fpm;vS,f (22) OD;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;chJygw,f?
yifvHknDvmcHusif;yaepOftwGif;rSmyJ &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[m awmifwef;
om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;OD;pD;tzGJ udkvnf; zGJpnf;cJh=uygw,f? OuU [m pyfa&$odkufjzpf+yD;
'k OuU u qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif jzpfygw,f?
tJ'u
D mvtwGi;f rSm wzufu trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;twGuf ud;yrf; tm;xkwrf _
awGawG&ovdk/ rSefrSefuefuefvrf;a=umif;qDa&muf&Sda&;udk wGef;wifEdk;aqmfay;r_awG awG&ovdk/
tjcm;wzufrSm aoG;uGJr_awG tm%mydifqdkifr_awG *dk%f;*%v_yf&Sm;r_awG[mvnf; tqufrjywf
qufvufjzpfay:aecJhygw,f?
atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfa=umifh uGejf rLepfygwu
D rdwaf qGatmifqef;b,fvJ qkw
d hJ
pmtkyfudk xkwfa0+yD; owday;&if; EkdifiHa&;t,ltqawGudk wifjyygw,f?
tm%mwydik ;f &jzpfaewJh zqyvtzGJ }uD;twGi;f rSm qd&k ,
S v
f pf-jynfol &Jabmf ydyuQ[m
ay:ay:xifxif jzpfwnfvmae+yD; qdk&S,fvpfygwDuvnf; atmifqef; cg;ydkufaqmifwyf jynfol
&Jabmf zufqpfatmifqef;b,fvJpwJh a=unmcsufawG xkwfjyefvmwmawG&ygw,f? e,f
awGrSm uGefjrLepf-qdk&S,fvpfydyuQ xdyfwef;a&mufaeovdk/ jynfol@&Jabmf-qkd&S,fvpf&efyGJawG
vnf; xdy+f yJ acgi;f uGt
J ajctae ay:ayguaf eygw,f? jynfol &Jabmfbufu Adv
k pf ed rf eS f acgi;f aqmif
+yD; iSufzsm;wdkufzsufa&; jcifrsKd;zwfa&;pDrHudef; vdk qkd&S,fvpfrsKd;zwfa&;pDrHudef; awmif toH
xGuv
f mcJyh gw,f? qd&k ,
S v
f pfawG&J npfywfrr_ sK;d pHu
k kd rcHEikd v
f eG ;f vd@k vd@k qykd gw,f? tJ'pD rD u
H ed ;f ocifEk
em;aygufoGm;+yD; arrda&mufaewJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk ta&;w}uD; ac:,lwdkif=um; ajz&Sif;cJh&
w,fqdkygw,f? AdkvfpdefrSefu jynfol@&JabmfwyfzGJudk EdkifiHa&;ygwDw&yftoGif ajymif;vJwnf
aqmufz@kd Adv
k cf sKyfukd wifjyem;ylwt
hJ cg Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u cg;cg;oD;oD; jiif;y,fchJ rkH u uGejf rLepf
ygww
D &yf&+dS yD;jzpf&if aemufxyfygwo
D pf raxmif&bl;? rif;wd@k vkd oabmxm;rsK;d igrh mS &Scd &hJ if tapm
}uD;uwnf;u pifydiyf gwaD xmifcrhJ mS ayg?h raxmiftyfraxmifaumif;vd@k raxmifyaJ ecJw
h mjzpfw,f?
rif;wdk@vnf;raxmif&bl;? vdk@ jywfjywfom;om; ydwfyifwm;jrpfcJhygw,f? wqufwnf;rSmyJ
wm;r&vd@k ZGwaf xmifcsiw
f ,fq&kd ifvnf; axmif=uayg?h 'gayrJh iguawmh b,fawmhrS rygEikd b
f ;l ?
vdk@ ,wdjywf ydwfajym+yD; ol&yfwnfcsufudk azmfxkwfjyocJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
1947 ckESpf/ rwfvrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OD;pD;wJh jzL;awmifolv,form; uGef*&uf
jzL;e,frmS usi;f yygw,f? Zefe0g&/D azaz:0g&x
D rJ mS yJc;l e,frmS awmifov
l ,form;rsm;&J qeford ;f yG/J
qefvkyJG/ v,form;wkdufyGJawG ay:ayguf+yD;cgp tajctaerSm usif;ywmjzpfygw,f? yJcl;e,f/
ykodrfe,f qefodrf;yGJ qefoydwfxm;jcif; wdk@udk jynfol&JabmfeJ@ qdk&S,fvpfrsm; zqyvrsm;
ud,
k w
f ikd f yg0ifqifEcJG =hJ uygw,f? tJ'v
D y_ &f mS ;r_rsm;udk uGejf rLepfygwu
D axmufccH +hJ yD; jzL;uGe*f &ufrmS
ygwDtoD;oD;&J &duQmwdkufyGJtajctaeawGudk qef;ppf+yD; &duQmwdkufyGJrsm; zdkz&Jrjzpfap&? pepf
wuspnf;Hk;+yD; wdkufwJhwdkufyGJrsm;jzpfapa&;/ ydk*sufbkwfwdk@udkom t"duOD;wnfwdkufwJh e,fcsJpD;
yGm;a&;pepfudkom OD;wnfwdkufwJh wkdufyGJrsm;jzpfapa&;wdk@twGuf EdkifiHa&;&nf&G,fcsufudk csrSwf
qHk;jzwfwm vkyfygw,f?
57
0if;wihfxGef;
qdk&S,fvpfawGu 'DqefvkyJGawG[m zqyvtpdk;&udk t=uyftwnf;jzpfatmif uGefjrLepf

awGu vkyfaqmifapwm/ wcsKde,fawGrSm qdk&S,fvpfeJ@ jynfol&JabmfawG[m vlxk}uD; uGefjrLepf
awGbuf ygroGm;apa&;twGuf tzGJcsKyfu !ef=um;csufr&rDtwGif; qefvkyGJawGrSm a&myGrf;+yD;
yg0ifaqmif&u
G cf w
hJ m/ {+yDv a&G;aumufyeJG m;eD;+yDr@kd zqyveJ@ vlxu
k kd vSn&hf efwu
dk af y;+yD; uGejf rLepf
awG vlxkaxmufcHr_&atmif &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd vkyfaqmifwmvdk@ jrif=uygw,f? twdtvif; pGyfpGJ
ajymqdkwmawGvnf; vkyfygw,f?
atmifqef;-tufwvD oabmwlncD sut
f & ppf+yD;acwf Armjynf&J yxrqH;k aom wdik ;f y
jynfy v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG udk 1947/ {+yDvrSm usi;f yygw,f? pkpak ygi;f ae&m (255) ae&m&Scd ahJ y
r,fh (182) ae&mtwGufyJ jynfrrSm,SOfydif a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf=u&wmjzpfygw,f? usef (73)
ae&m[m vlrsKd;pkrsm;eJ@ ujym;rsm;twGuf oD;oef@ csefxm;cJGa0ay;cJh&ygw,f? u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;
(24) ae&m/ &Srf;trsKd;om;rsm; (23)/ ucsiftrsKd;om;rsm; (7)/ csif;trsKd;om;rsm; (7)/ u&ifeDtrsKd;
om;rsm; (2)/ tjcm; awmifwef;a'o wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; (6) ae&meJ@ t*Fvyd -f Arm ujym;rsm; (4)
ae&m/ pkpkaygif; (73) ae&mjzpfygw,f?
'Dwdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJudk *VKefOD;apm/ ocifApdef/ a'gufwmbarmfwdk@
apmpdefarmf *dk%f;u oydwfarSmufovdk/ ocifpdk;&J tvHeDygwDuvnf; oydwfarSmufygw,f?
apmbOD;}uD; acgi;f aqmifwhJ autif,u
l vnf; oydwaf rSmuf uef@uu
G cf yhJ gw,f? ArmjynfueG jf rLepf
ygwDu ygw&D J vrf;pOfcsjyEkid af &;eJ@ v$waf wmfwiG ;f rSm ygw&D J toH azmfxw
k Ef idk af &;twGu&f nf&,
G +f y;D
0ifa&muf ,SOf ydif ta&G;cs,cf yH gw,f? ae&mtm;vH;k rSm r,SOf ydiyf /J ae&mtenf;pkuav;rSmyJ vuf
a&G;piftrwfawGeJ@ ,SOfydifygw,f? ysOf;rem;cdkif (&rnf;oif;cdkif) rSm (6) ae&m ,SOfydifta&G;cs,f
cH&m rSm (4) ae&m tEdkif&cJhw,fqdkygw,f?
ArmjynfrtwGuf ae&m (182) ae&mrSm zqyvu (171) ae&m/ Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD
u (7) ae&m/ woD; yk*~vu (4) ae&m tEdkif&&Sda&G;cs,fcHcJh=u&ygw,f?
arv (23) &ufae@rmS zqyvu y%mrjyifqifrn
_ v
D mcH}uD; udk usi;f yygw,f? zqyv
tvkyt
f r_aqmif (11) OD;/ A[dOk ;D pD;0if (25) OD;/ cdik u
f ,
kd pf m;vS,f (30) OD;/ zqyv trwf (45) OD;/
aygif; (111) OD;yg aumfrDwDzGJpnf;+yD; tajccHOya'rl=urf; a&;qGJa&;udk pDpOfygw,f?
1947 arvxJrmS yJ u&iftrsK;d om;rsm; tusK;d pD;yGm;udk umuG,af pmifah &Smufz@kd / u&iftrsK;d
om;rsm;&J autif,'l t
D kd tzGJ }uD;ay:ayguv
f mygw,f? (=o*kwv
f rSm autif,'l t
D u
kd ae autif
'Dtdk vdk@ emrnfajymif;vJ ac:a0:ygw,f)
ZGefvrSm wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;}uD; pwifusif;yygw,f? zqyv }uD;xJu
jynfol&Jabmftrwfrsm;u ,leDazmif;0wfeJ@ v$wfawmfwufvmovdk qdk&S,fvpfygwD0iftrwf
rsm;uvnf; umuD,el aD zmif;0wf+yD; v$waf wmfwufvmHrk u vnfp;D teDawmif wyfqifvmvdu
k f
=uygao;w,f? uGefjrLepftrwf (7) OD;vnf; yg0ifwufa&mufygw,f? ocifEkudk v$wfawmf OuU
tjzpf a&G;cs,fygw,f? tajccHOya'a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDawGzGJ@=uygw,f? zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oya'rlawGukd Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;u ZGev
f 16 &ufae@rmS wifoiG ;f +yD; v$waf wmfu wnDw!Gwx
f J
twnfjyKygw,f? zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk Oya'rl=urf;udk aqG;aEG;=uwJhtcg uGefjrLepftrwfawGvJ
58
0if;wihfxGef;
yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f? wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfu a&;qGJxm;wJhtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm AsLdkua&pD

taqmufttHkudk rzsufyJ rlvtwdkif;xm;wmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; uGefjrLepfygwD&J udk,fpm;vS,f
uGejf rLepftrwfrsm;u jyifqifcsuf wifoiG ;f cJ=h uygw,f? 'gayr,fh zqyv-uGejf rLepf nD!w
G af &;
r&&Sdao;csdefrSm e,fcsJ@orm;eJ@ azmufjyefa&;orm;awGudk toHk;cs&ef vufeufay;ovdk jzpfrSm
pdk;vdk@qdk+yD; jyifqifcsufawGudk kyfodrf;cJhw,fqdkygw,f?
1947 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18) &ufae@rSm ArmEdkifiHudk vGwfvyfaom orRwEdkifiHawmftjzpf
xlaxmif+yD; +Adwdo# "eo[m,tkyfpktjyifbufwGif oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGm aexdkifjcif;yrnf qdkwJh
qHk;jzwfcsufudk wnDw!Gwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJh=uygw,f? tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsufudk udkvdkeDe,fcsJorm;
t*Fvyd af wG rcHr&yfEikd jf zpf=uw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? +Adwo
d #ygvrD efrmS c&Geb
f -D jr bma&; oabm
wlnDcsuft& ArmEdkifiH&oHk;aiG&J vdkaiGtwGuf axmufyhH&efxm;cJhwJh uwdudkawmif jyefvnfzsuf
odr;f zd@k atmf}uD;[pfus,f ajymcJ=h uw,fqykd gw,f? wu,fu c&Geb
f -D jr pmcsKyf[m Armjynfu
emwJph mcsKyfjzpfygw,f? (wdik ;f yjynfyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG jyifqifusi;f yaecdu
k u
f mvrSm csKyfqckd hJ
wJh pmcsKyfjzpf+y;D / Armjynfbufu =um;jzwftpd;k & bma&;0ef}u;D ocifjreJ@ +Aw
d o
d #bufu c&Geb
f D
qdo
k l ud,
k pf m;yvufrw
S x
f ;kd cJw
h hJ bma&;qdik &f m pmcsKyw
f ckjzpfygw,f? ppf+y;D acwf ArmEdik if x
H al xmif
a&;twGuf +Adwed u
f a&$'*F g; (18) oef; acs;iSm;ay;a&;eJ@ Armjynfu rdjytkycf sKyfa&;omru Arm
Edik if rH Smusef&SdcJhwJh taxGaxGypPnf;rsm;&J ukefusaiGudkyg +Adwdeftm; jyefvnfay;oGif;&ef oabm
wlnDcsufjzpfygw,f?)
+Adwo
d #e,fcsJ orm;awG[m Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;vdk trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmifwa,mufukd jref
jrefqefqef z,f&Sm;csifvm=uygw,f? ppf+yD;puvnf; vlowfr_eJ@zrf;qD;+yD; z,f&Sm;a&; ratmifr
jrif jzpfcJh+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;uvnf; +Adwdo#wdk@&JajcvSrf;udk wae@wjcm; ydkrdkod&Sdae+yD jzpfygw,f?
zqyv wGif; azmufjyefa&;orm;wcsKd&J ajcvSrf;awGudkvnf; odjrifem;vnf aecJh+yDjzpfygw,f?
(om"utm;jzifh +Adwo
d #e@J y;l aygi;f a&;udk tjyif;txeftm;xkwaf ewJh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; 0ef}uD;
OD;bazudk zqyvtzGJ csKyfuae xkwyf ,fc&hJ +y;D +yD jzpfygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyftud&k if; OD;atmifoef; qd&k ,
S f
vpfygw0D ifwek ;f uvnf; Adv
k cf sKyu
f urBmrSm qd&k ,
S v
f pfygwq
D w
kd m tacsmiform;awGAs vk@d ajym+y;D
rESpfrda=umif; jyocJhzl;w,fqdkygw,f?)
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m e,fcsJorm;&JajcvSrf; azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;&J ajcvSrf;awGudk
wm;qD;zd@k nD!w
G af &;vufeuf eJ@ wm;qD;ckczH @kd jyifygw,f? zqyv-uGejf rLepfn!
D w
G af &;udk jyefvnf
wnfaqmufzdk@ pdkif;jyif;pDrHvmcJhygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDuvnf; 1947 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvuwnf;u
aemufqHk;wdkufyGJvrf;pOfcs+yD; zqyv-uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&; wnfaqmuf&ef auG;a=umfxm;+yD;
jzpfygw,f?
+Aw
d o
d #e,fcsJ orm;&J ppfwyftwGi;f vufeufwu
kd u
f b&if;*ef; (200) eJ@ cJ,rf; rD;ausmuf
tajrmuftrsm; cdk;xkwfcH&wJhowif;/ aysmufqHk;aea=umif;owif; ZGefv (24) &ufae@rSm xGufay:
vmygw,f? (t*Fvdyfppfwyf&J ppfOD;pD;csKyf vufzwifeif *sife&,fb&pf udk,fwdkif b&if;*ef;awG
OD;apmvufxJ a&mufoGm;a=umif; od+yD;jzpfygw,f?)
59
0if;wihfxGef;
t*Fvyd pf pfwyftwGi;f u b&if;*ef;tvuf (200) eJ@ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufawG cd;k xkwcf &H a=umif;
owif;udo
k wif;pmrsm;uvnf; pmvH;k rJ}u;D awGe@J azmfjycJ=h uygw,f? jynfol tm%m*sme,f/ uGejf rL
epfowif;pmwk@d uvnf; 'Dowif;udk ta&;}u;D owif;tjzpf tav;wifazmfjycJ=h uygw,f? om,m0wD
e,fbufrmS vnf; 'Dowif;[m ysH ES@H aecJyh gw,f? t*Fvyd pf pfwyfe@J wm0ef&t
dS &m&S}d u;D rsm;[m olw@kd
udk,fwdkif yl;aygif;yg0ifvkyfaqmifxm;cJhwJh udpPjzpfwJhtwGuf vlxk=um;rSm 'Dowif;[m awmrD;
yrmysHESH@aeayr,fh bmrSta&;,laqmif&Gufr_ rvkyfyJ rodusKd;u|H vkyfaecJh=uygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;[m aygi;f jcif;aygi;f v#if uGejf rLepfygwED iS o
hf m aygi;f rnf qdw
k hJ rde@f ceG ;f udk
twdtvif;ajym=um;vm+yD; uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ nD!Gwfa&;wnfaqmufzdk@ jyifqifvmcJhygw,f?
Zlvdkifv (13) &uf rdawmfcef;rrSm rdef@cGef;ac|wJhtcgrSmvnf; ArmjynfrSm vltrsKd;rsKd;
tcsif;csif;ruGJzdk@/ vli,fydkif;jzpfwJh vuf0Jorm;tcsif;csif; ruGJ=uzdk@ owday;vdkw,f vdk@
xyfqifhzGifh[jyef ygw,f? rdawmfcef;r aemufqHk; rdef@cGef;&Snf}uD; ajym=um;t+yD;rSm zqyv
uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&; twGuf aqG;aEG;=uzdk@ ocifoef;xGef;qDudkvnf; w&m;0if&ufcsdef;ay;
zdwf=um;vdkufygw,f?
Zlvikd v
f (19) &uf reuf 10 em&D 37 rdepfrmS trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;
wd@k wawG vl,w
k rf mrsm;&J vky=f uHowfjzwfjcif;udk cHvu
kd =f u&ygawmhw,f? =um;&olwikd ;f wkev
f y_ f
oGm;=u&ovdk 0rf;enf;yufvuf ,luH;r&jzpfcJh=u&ygw,f?
tJ'Dae@naerSmyJ aysmufqHk;aew,fqdkwJh vufeufawGudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; *VKefOD;apmtdrf
udk aomif;use;f r_ ESrd ef if;a&;wyfe@J &Jrsm;u 0ifa&muf&mS azGygw,f? vufeufawGuv
kd nf; azmfxw
k f
&SmazG odr;f qnf;rdc+hJ yD; OD;apmeJ@ OD;apmtdr&f dS vltm;vH;k udv
k nf; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh
tJ'Dtcsdeftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ acgif;aqmifawGudk b,folvkyf=uHowfjzwfcJhovJqdkwm
wdwu
d susrajymqdEk ikd =f uao;ygb;l ? qd&k ,
S v
f pfawGu 'guGejf rLepfawGvufcsuaf erSmvd@k wD;wd;k
0g'jzef@ pGypf =JG uovdk jynfol &Jabmfrsm;uvnf; aoewfwjyifjyif jzpfc=hJ uw,fv@kd qykd gw,f? tajc
tae[m twdr;f tapmif;rcHEikd af vmufatmif _yaf xG;aecJ+h yD; ajcwvSr;f rSm;v#if owf=ujzwf=ueJ@
jynfwGif;ppfrD; xawmufvmEdkifwJh taetxm;jzpfygw,f? tJ'DtajctaerSm AdkvfcsKyfwdk@vkyf=uH
cH&+yD; aemufw&ufrmS yJ awmufavmifvmvke;D jynfwiG ;f ppfuw
kd m;qD;zd@k uGejf rLepfygwD taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u wu,fvyk }f uHrw
_ &m;cH[m e,fcsJ orm;eJ@ e,fcsJ vufyg;aprsm;
omjzpfa=umif; vufrSwfa&;xdk; xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufygw,f? w&m;cHtppftrSef e,fcsJorm;udk
rD;armif;xdk;jy+yD; EdkifiHa&;tjrif &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;eJ@ rSefrSefuefuefaxmufjyay;cJhygw,f? ypfrSwfrSef
&Smr&yJ od@k avm od@k avm jzpfae=uwJh jynforl sm; 0if;ueJ&iS ;f ueJ jzpfomG ;+yD; e,fcsJ tay: rke;f wD;r_
aZmif; [kef;ceJa&mufoGm;oavmuf e,fcsJorm;wdk@tzdk@ xdwfvef@wkefv_yfoGm;cJh&ygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@ vkyf=uHcH&+yD;+yD;csif; bk&ifcHqm[l;bwf&ef@u OD;Ekudk tpdk;&zGJ cdkif;yg
w,f? ocifEkacgif;aqmifwJh tpdk;&tzGJ ay:aygufvmygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@ vkyf=uHowfjzwfcH&r_}uD; aemufuG,frSm +Adwdo#e,fcsJorm;awG
trSefyJ twGif;usus ywfoufcJhygw,f? t*Fvdyfppfwyfudk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufcJhygw,f? Armjynf
&Sd t*Fvdyfppfwyf t&m&Sdrsm;u vufeufawG cdk;xkwfay;jcif;eJ@ywfoufcJhovdk t*Fvdyfppfwyf&J
60
0if;wihfxGef;
wm0eft&Sq
d ;kH Akv
d cf sKyf/ Adv
k rf LS ;csKyf}u;D rsm; axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJ &J t}u;D qH;k wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;[m aysmuf
qHk;oGm;w,fqdkwJh vufeufawG OD;apmxH a&mufoGm;rSef;odvsufeJ@ zHk;zHk;zdzdvkyfxm;cJh=uygw,f?
tvdw
k l tvdyk gvyk cf =hJ uwmjzpfygw,f? &nf&,
G cf sut
f rSeu
f Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;vdk e,fcsJ qef@usif
a&;tjrif&Sdol ppfrSefwJh wdkif;cspfjynfcspfpdwf&Sdol trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifwa,mufudk z,f&Sm;ypf+yD;/
OD;apmvdk tm%ml; tvkad wmf&w
d a,mufvufxJ Armjynfukd xm;csicf w
hJ mjzpfygw,f? qufvuf
+y;D udv
k ekd D ycsiaf ecJ=h uwmjzpfygw,f? tJ'v
D kd wm0efukd vuf&ZJ uf&J xrf;aqmifEikd rf ,fo
h [
l m OD;apm
jzpfw,fqw
kd m ,H=k unf+yD; ,l*ef'guae Armjynfjyefac:vm/ a&mufa&mufcsi;f tpd;k &tzGJ wGi;f oGi;f
ay;/ wav#mufv;kH Adv
k cf sKyfw@kd ukd twdu
k t
f cHvyk af eapcJw
h m jzpfygw,f? yxrqH;k t}udrf vlowfr_
eJ@ pGJcsufwifz,f&Sm;a&; ratmifjrifcJh&yJ EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;t& ud;yrf;wmawG _H;edrfcJh&wJhtwGuf
ppfwyfu ppfwyfenf;eJ@ ud;yrf;zd@k vufeufawGxw
k af y;+yD; vky=f uHa&;vrf;udk taumiftxnfay:
apcJhwmjzpfygw,f? vHk;0vGwfvyfa&; &,l+yD; "eo[m,xJvnf; rae&efqHk;jzwfvdkufwJhtay:
rausrcsrf;jzpfcJh=u&wJh e,fcsJorm;awG[m AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u zqyv-uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;
wnfaqmufEikd zf @kd vuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;wnfaqmufEikd zf @kd tcdik t
f rmajcvSr;f awG vSr;f vmwJt
h cg vky=f uH
a&;udk jrefjrefqefqef taumiftxnfay:atmif tm;ay;tm;ajrmufyay;vdu
k =f uwmjzpfygw,f?
vkyf=uHr_a=umifh OD;apmtpdk;& wufvmEkdifv#if wufvm/ rwufvmEdkifawmif OD;apmwdk@vdk
vlawGvufxJ vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufawG tajrmuftrsm;&Sdaeapjcif;tm;jzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;
awmufavmifvmap&ef &nf&G,fcJhyHkvJ&ygw,f? vkyf=uHa&;oufoufavmuftxdqdk&if vufeuf
tenf;i,f usnftenf;i,f xkwfay;HkeJ@ vHkavmufEdkifrSef;odygvsuf tJ'Dacwfu taumif;qHk;
avmufjzpfaewJh b&if;*ef; pwif;*ef; tvuf (200) ausmfeJ@ usnfqH odef;csD xkwfay;cJhwmudk
=unfhr,fqdk&if e,fcsJorm;awG&J oabmxm;[m jynfwGif;ppfjzpfa&;qdkwm &Sif;aecJhygw,f?
uGejf rLepfygw&D J azmfxw
k af xmufjycsuaf =umifh wkev
f y_ o
f mG ;cJ&h wJh e,fcsJ bk&ifc[
H m ocifEk
udk tpd;k &zGJ ap+y;D wmeJ@wyid ef uf t*Fvyd q
f ef@usiaf &; vlxt
k kH urG }_ u;D rsm; jzpfay:rvmapa&;twGuf
,Of,Ofaus;aus; pum;vH;k awGo;kH +yD; 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ekukd jyif;jyif;xefxef owday;wm;cJw
h ,fv@kd qykd g
w,f? tJ'o
D wday;csuu
f awmh owif;pmrsm;u pmvH;k rJ}uD;rsm;jzifh qufvufa&;oGm;=urnfqkd
v#if vGwfvyfa&;twGuf qdk;0g;aom tusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm; jzpfvmzG,f&Sda=umif; vdk@ owday;
w,fqdkygw,f? =um;jzwftpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEkuvnf; vkyf=uHr_eJ@ywfouf+yD; t*Fvdyfppfwyf
&J yg0ifywfoufaer_udk zHk;zHk;zdzd vkyfay;cJhovdk um,HuHajrmuf aqmuf&GufcJh&ygw,f? vkyf=uHr_
}uD;wGif t*Fvyd w
f @kd yg0ifywfoufaeonft
h a=umif;udk owif;pmrsm;rSjzpfap/ vlxak [majymr_rsm;
rSmjzpfap vH;k 0pGypf aJG jym=um;jcif;ry=u&ef owday;cJo
h vdk ta&;ydik f (cdik 0f ef) rsm;udv
k nf; txufyg
twdkif; ajymqdkpGyfpGJolrsm;tm; vdktyfovdkta&;,l&ef !ef=um;xm;cJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f? (tajc
taerSefawGudk odvmygvsuf/ zHk;zHk;zdzd vkyfay;cJhwm[m vGwfvyfa&;twGuf taESmuft,Suf
jzpfrSmpdk;vdk@qdkygw,f? t*Fvdyfwdk@&J ppfwyfyg0ifywfoufaer_udk t*Fvdyfwdk@u zHk;zHk;zdzd atmif
atmifjrifjrif vkyEf ikd o
f mG ;cJjh cif;[m tJ'w
D ek ;f u ocifEak cgi;f aqmifwhJ Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;uvnf;
jynfoludk todray;yJ zHk;zdxm;cJh=uwma=umifhjzpfygw,f)
61
0if;wihfxGef;
nD!Gwfa&;a&mifjcnfudk jyefvnfjrif&csdefrSmyJ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vkyf=uHcHvdkuf&wm[m

wwdkif;wjynfvHk;&J uH=urRmudk qdk;0g;oGm;apcJhovdk uGefjrLepfygwD twGufvnf; tifrwef}uD;rm;
wJh qH;k _;H epfemr_}u;D jzpfcyhJ gw,f? uGejf rLepfygwu
D Zlvikd f (30) rSm vH;k 0vGwv
f yfa&;od@k pmwrf;xkwf
ygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDu zqyv nD!Gwfa&; twGuf olwdk@&J (47) ckESpf Zefe0g&D qHk;jzwfcsuf
aemufq;kH wdu
k yf v
JG rf;pOftwdik ;f qufvufud;yrf;ygw,f? ocifEek @J ocifoef;xGe;f wG+J yD; vlowf0g'
_wfcsyGJw&m;awG ysOf;rem;e,frSm a[mygw,f? nD!Gwfa&; w&m;yGJawGvnf; e,ftESH vdkuf+yD;
a[mygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k r&Sad wmhwt
hJ cg zqyvtzGJ }uD;xJrmS qd&k ,
S v
f pfawG yd+k yD;wGiu
f s,f
vmcJhygw,f? tm%m&t0dkif;t0ef;rSm qkd&S,fvpfawG trsm;pkjzpfvmcJhygw,f? ocifEku 0ef}uD;
csKyfjzpfayr,fh zqyvtzGJ@csKyf OuU jzpfayr,fh ygwDvufudkifr&Sd jzpfygw,f?
uGefjrLepfygwD&J oabmxm;u zqyv-uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;t&trd wnfaqmuf+yD;
nD!Gwfa&;tm;eJ@ e,fcsJorm;udk jywfjywfom;om; wdkufxkwfa&;/ vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;jzpfygw,f?
zqyv-uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&; wnfaqmufEdkifzdk@ &Edkifor#enf;vrf;pHkukd &SmazG+yD;/ ocifoef;xGef;
uae zqyvOuU ocifEq
k D vdyrf +l y;D zqyv-uGejf rLepf nD!w
G af &;twGuf =o*kwv
f (14) &ufae@
ae@pGJeJ@ yxrqHk;w&m;0if ay;pm ay;ydk@urf;vSrf;ygw,f? zqyvtaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; OD;AaqGu
vufrw
S af &;xd;k +yD; OD;Ekqu
D wqifh uGejf rLepfygwu
D kd zqyv&Jjyefpm =o*kwv
f (25) &uf ae@peJG @J
jyefygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDu vkdufem&r,fh nD!Gwfa&;tajccHtcsuf (5) csufudkvnf; azmfjyxm;
ygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDu pufwifbm (8) &ufae@pGJeJ@ zqyv&Jjyefpmudk jyefvnf&Sif;vif;wJhpm
('kwd,ay;pm) tjzpf ocifEku wqifh ay;jyefygw,f? zqyvu awmif;qdkwJh nD!Gwfa&;tajccH
(5) csuq
f w
kd mudk wke@f jyef&iS ;f vif;jy+yD; nD!w
G af &;twGuf aqG;aEG;=uzd@k tcsed f ae@&uf csed ;f qdak &;udk
wdkufwGef;awmif;cHxm;ygw,f?
'Dumv=um;xJrSm (47) =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@rSm vusfmz&D;rif; pmcsKyf ay:xGufvmyg
w,f? vusfmz&D;rif;pmcsKyfu umuG,fa&;oabmwlnDcsuf pmcsKyfjzpfygw,f? 'D umuG,fa&;
oabmwlncD supf mcsKyf[mvnf; c&Geb
f -D jr bma&;oabmwlncD supf mcsKyfvkd Armjynfbufu
emcJh&wJhpmcsKyfjzpfygw,f?
1947/ pufwifbm (24) &ufae@ nae (3) em&D (29) rdepfrSm wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf
OuU pyfa&$ou
kd u
f aemufq;kH twnfyvufrw
S af &;xd;k vdu
k +f yD;/ Armjynf&J yxrqH;k aom zGJ pnf;
tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya' (1947) ay: xGuv
f mcJyh gw,f? v$waf wmf yxrnDvmcH (9-6-47) ae@uae
wwd,t}udrfnDvmcH (24-9-47)ae@txd (108) &uftwGif; +yD;pD;atmifa&;qGJcJh=uwJh zGJpnf;
tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'jzpfygw,f? 'DtajccHOya'xJrSm tm;enf;csufawGvnf; yg0ifaecJhw,fvdk@qdk
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+Adwo
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tjyifpnf;a&mufomG ;cJ&h wJh wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ bDtikd af t/ bD'aD t a[mif;rsm;/ &Jacgiaf jymufusm;
awmfvSefa&; &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;udk pkpnf;+yD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u jynfol&JabmfwyfzGJ tjzpf
ay:aygufapcJhygw,f? jynfol&Jabmf[m zqyv tzGJ}uD;xJrSm tiftm;pkwcktjzpf ay:aygufvm
cJhygw,f?
qkd&S,fvpf OD;ausmf+idrf; wdk@&J tm;xkwfr_eJ@ zqyv trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pk}uD;xJuae
uGefjrLepfygwD z,fxkwfcH&wJhtcg zqyv}uD;xJu jynfol&Jabmf[mvnf; (2) ydkif;uGJoGm;cJhyg
w,f? wydik ;f u wyfeD tjzpfcaJG xmif+yD; t*Fvyd u
f q
kd ef@usiaf e=uwJh v,form;wyfrsm;eJ@ oGm;yl;
aygif;ygw,f? trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_ yduGJcJh&ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@ usqHk;+yD;wJhtcg
trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_ wdk;wdk;+yD; yduGJcJh&ygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k vky=f uHrcH&cifrmS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;&J acgi;f aqmifre_ @J wkid ;f &if;om;
aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;twGuf yifvpkH mcsKyf csKyfqEkd ikd cf yhJ gw,f? vGwv
f yfa&;twGuf atmifqef;-tuf
66
0if;wihfxGef;
wvDpmcsKyf csKyfqckd yhJ gw,f? atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfe@J ywfouf+yD; ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu

D
axmufjya0zefcJhygw,f? rdwfaqGatmifqef; b,fvJ vdk@ owday;cJhygw,f? autif,luvnf;
uef@uGufcJhygw,f? atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyft& ay:xGef;vmwmuawmh wdkif;yjynfy v$wf
awmfa&G;aumufyGJeJ@ wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfjzpfygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; usq;kH +y;D wJah emuf ocifEk =um;jzwftpd;k & ay:ayguv
f mygw,f? zqyv
tzGJ}uD;xJrSm aemufqHk;usef&Sdwmuawmh qkd&S,fvpf/ jynfol&JabmfeJ@ qdk&S,fvpf=oZmcH tpnf;
tHk;rsm;/ woD;yk*~vausmfEdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;jzpfygw,f? zqyv}uD;udk t"dutkyfpD;v$rf;rdk;
xm;wmu qkd&S,fvpfrsm;jzpfygw,f? zqyv-uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;udk y,fcsqef@usifcJhwm[m
vnf; t"dutm;jzifh qdk&S,fvpfrsm;yJjzpfygw,f? qkd&S,fvpfxJrSmu vusfmqdk&S,fvpf*dk%f;u
t"dujzpfygw,f?
+Adwdo#e,fcsJvufatmufuae vGwfvyfa&;t&,l=ua&;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
OD;wnfa&S_ tm;xkwfud;yrf;oGm;wJh vrf;a=umif;u ba&muf'g0g'vufcHcJhwJh (6) vavmufu
vJ+G yD;/ e,fcsJ orm;udk jywfjywfom;om; wdu
k yf q
JG ifomG ;a&;/ vlxw
k u
kd yf JG enf;aygi;f pHek @J a&m/ zqyv
=um;jzwftpdk;& tm%mudkifpGJ+yD; e,fcsJorm;udk armif;xkwfypfEdkifa&;jzpfygw,f? e,fcsJorm;eJ@
raphpyfyJ awmfveS af &;enf;eJ@ ud,
k v
hf w
G v
f yfa&;udk ud,
k af =unmEdik af &;jzpfygw,f? aemufq;kH umv
rSm Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; eJ@awmif nEd id_ ;f wdik yf ifxm;wmu wdik ;f yynfyv$waf wmfukd olyek v
f w
$ af wmf
tjzpftoGiaf jymif;/ toHviG hf u
kH o
kd rd ;f ydu
k u
f m awmfveS af &;enf;eJ@ vGwv
f yfa&;udk urBmudk a=unm
zdk@vdk@qdkygw,f? zqyv-uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;udk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf+yD;+yD;csif;/ taumift
xnfazmf=uzdk@awmif pDpOfndE_dif;xm;+yD;+yDqdkygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwD wav#mufvHk;aecJhwJh vrf;
a=umif;[m ba&muf'g (6) vavmufuvG+J y;D wdu
k yf v
JG rf;a=umif;twdik ;f jzpfygw,f? uGejf rLepfw@kd &J
aemufq;kH wdu
k yf v
JG rf;pOfqw
kd m[mvnf; e,fcsJ orm;udk tywfwu
kd af &;yJjzpfovd/k vH;k 0vGwv
f yf
a&;odk@ qkdwJh A[dkaumfrDwD qHk;jzwfcsufqdkwm[mvnf; e,fcsJorm;udk tav#mhray;a&; raphpyf
a&;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ umuG,fa&; vHk;0O\Hk trSDtcdkuif;wJh wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk; udk,fh=urRm
ud,
k zf efw;D cGi&hf w
dS hJ vGwv
f yfa&;udk awmif;qdak uG;a=umfxm;ygw,f? Ek-tufwvD pmcsKyfukd uGejf rL
epfygwDu qef@usif_wfcscJhwm[m EdkifiHa&;t& vGwfvyfa&; a=unmEdkifwmu vGJvdk@/ EdkifiHa&;t&
vGwv
f yfwmuvGv
J @kd usew
f mawG tav#mah y;cJ&h epfemcJ&h w,fv@kd ,lq=unfjh rif oabmxm;cJv
h @kd
jzpfygw,f?
OD;Ektygt0if qkd&S,fvpfvusfm*dk%f;om;rsm; tompD;&cJhwJh zqyv}uD;&J vGwfvyfa&;
&,la&;vrf;a=umif;u wckv;kH taeeJ@ cHi+kH yD; oH;k oyf&r,fq&kd if wdu
k yf rJG qifyJ e,fcsJ orm;eJ@ aphpyf
+yD; at;aq;nifompGmeJ@ &,la&;jzpfygw,f? zufqpfawmfveS af &;+yD;ump vufeufawG t*Fvyd q
f D
rtyfyJ odk0Sufxm;/ vdktyf&if vufeufudkifwdkufcdkufzdk@ tqifoifhjyifxm;&r,fvdk@ pum;tm;jzifh
auG;a=umfcJhbl;ayr,fh um,uHajrmuf OD;wnfaqmif&GufoGm;wmu aphpyfa&;enf;eJ@ vGwfvyf
a&; vrf;a=umif;u t"dujzpfcyhJ gw,f? Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;ud,
k w
f ikd v
f nf; tJ'v
D rf;a=umif; xJrmS
tapmydik ;f umvawGrmS a&muf&adS ecJyh gw,f? yHo
h ulom;rpm;bl;vm;/ vnfv;DS om;rSpm;rSmvm;
vdk@ ar;cJhzl;w,fqdkygw,f? aemufydkif;rSm e,fcsJorm;&J ajcvSrf;udk wp wp wdk;wdk;+yD; jrifvm&+yD;
67
0if;wihfxGef;
wJt
h cgrmS / Adv
k cf sKyfu zqyv-uGejf rLepf nD!w
G af &;vky+f yD; awmfveS af &;enf;qD a&S_vmwmawG
&ygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; r&Sad wmhwahJ emufyikd ;f rSm/ qk&d ,
S v
f pfrsm; tompD;&cJw
h hJ zqyv}uD;[m
e,fcsJ@orm;eJ@ aphpyfa&;vrf;udkyJ vdkufcJh+yD; wpdkufrwfrwf EdkifiHa&;tm%mudkyJ zufwG,fxm;cJhyg
w,f? zqyv =um;jzwftpdk;&tm%meJ@ vlxkwdkufyGJawGudk zdcGJcJhygw,f? qef@usifbuf EdkifiHa&;
tiftm;pkawGtay: vufOD;r_&Sd&Sd ESdyfuGyfEdkifzdk@ =uHpnfvHk;yrf;aecJhygw,f? vGwfvyfa&; ra=unm&
ao;ayr,fh/ zqyv [m tm%m& tzGJtpnf;toGif jzpfaecJhygw,f? +Adwdo#e,fcsJrsm;[m
Ek-tufwvDpmcsKyfeJ@ zqyv vufxJ tm%mv$Jay;rSmjzpfygw,f?
ud,
k af xmifxm;cJw
h hJ ql;ajimifah wG ud,
k o
f x
d m;vd@k vm;/ ud,
k zf efw;D xm;wJh tcsut
f vuf
awG udk,fudwifodaevdk@ vm;awmhrajymwwfyg? e,fcsJorm; xdyfoD;}uD;jzpfwJh 0ifpwefcsmcsDu
Armjynfudk vGwfvyfa&;ay;vdkuf&if aoG;acsmif;pD; jynfwGif;ppf}uD;ay:vmvdrfhr,f vdk@ udwif
edrdwfzwfay;+yD; jzpfygw,f?
uGefjrLepfygwDu zqyvuGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;udk wnfaqmufzdk@ wzufowf tvHv$ifhxl
xm;wm awG&ygr,f? trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_ yduGJaewJhvuQ%mawG wae@wjcm; xGufay:
vmaewJh=um;u wifxm;wJhtvHjzpfaeygw,f? uGefjrLepf-qkd&S,fvpf ydyuQ/ qkd&S,fvpf-jynf
ol&Jabmf ydyuQawG ay:vGifvmaeygw,f? 1947 ckESpf zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' }uD;[m
vnf; tqifoifh&Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;a=unmzdk@twGuf &ufa&G;+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
68
0if;wihfxGef;
jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmftvH (1948)
yxrqHk; jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;&
acgif;aqmifwcsdK (1948 = 1951)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
yxrqHk;orw}uD; pyfa&$odkuf
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH yxrqHk;
'k0ef}uD;csKyf Adkvfvusfm
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
yxrqHk;0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek
jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
OD;ausmf+idrf;
69
69
1952 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJrSay:xGufvmaom tpdk;&tzGJ0iftcsdK
EdkifiHawmforw a'gufwm OD;bOD;
OD;baqG
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme
OD;cifarmifvwf
w&m;a&;ESifh
jynfol@0efxrf;Xme0ef}uD;
EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek
Adkvfcifarmifuav;
jynfxJa&;Xme0ef}uD;
ref;0if;armif
o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;ESifh
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;Xme0ef}uD;
ocifwif
v,f,majrjynfolydkify
vkyfa&;Xme0ef}uD;
70
1956 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJrSay:xGufvmaom tpdk;&tzGJ0iftcsdK
EdkifiHawmforw ref;0if;armif
OD;baqG
'k0ef}uD;csKyf
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;
Adv
k cf ifarmifav;
bma&;ESihf
tcGefawmfXme0ef}uD;
EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek
ocifwif
'k0ef}uD;csKyfESifh
jynfol@vkyfief;Xme0ef}uD;
ocifomcif
jynfxJa&;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;ausmf+idrf;
'k0ef}uD;csKyfESifh
trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;cifarmifvwf
w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD;
71
0if;wihfxGef;
tydkif; ( 1 )
1948 = 1958 umv
vG w f v yf a &;ud k a -unmjcif ; /
jrefrmouU&mZf 1309 ckeSpfjymodkvqkwf (9) &uf/
c&mZfouU&mZf 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &uf/
eHeuf (4) em&D rdepf (20) tcsdefrSm
vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHtjzpf urBmudka=unmvdkufygw,f? tk%fwufcgp ESif;zGJzGJav;
awGusaeqJ aumif;uifatmufrmS rdawmf&efuek &f J bk&ifct
H rd af wmf0if;a&SrSm tm%mvGaJ jymif;wJh
tcrf;tem;usif;yygw,f//
Armajray:rSm ESpfaygif; (120) ausmfv$ifhxlxm;cJhwJh +Adwdo#udkvdkeDorm;wdk@&J ,leD,H*suf
tvH[m wjznf;jznf; rav#mcsif av#mcsifeJ@ av#muscJh&+yD;/ 1947 ckESpf zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oya'eJ@twl ay:ayguv
f mcJw
h hJ jrefrmEdik if aH wmf&J tvHopf[m wjznf;jznf; jrifw
h ufviG x
hf l ae&m
,lvdkufygw,f?
wdkif;yjynfy v$wfawmftwGif;usif;ywJh vGwfvyfa&;tcrf;tem;yGJukd ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; ocifoef;xGef;eJ@ uGefjrLepftrwfrsm;vnf; wwfa&muf=uygw,f?
tpdk;&tzGJ0iftrwfrsm;vnf; wwfa&muf=uygw,f//
vGwv
f yfa&;tcrf;tem; usi;f ywJt
h cg tcrf;tem;pifjrifah y:rSm ajENou
d mQ xnf0gpmG eJ@
cef@cef@}uD;xdkifae=uoltrsm;pkum;/ ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf e,fcsJqef@usifa&;wdkufyGJw
avsmuf a&Swef;tcef;u wdkufyGJqifzl;olawGr[kwfyJ/ EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:t&/ pnf;kH;a&;t&
vnf; xif&Sm;=uolawGr[kwf/ tpOftvmt&vnf; xufjrufxif&Sm;=uolawGr[kwfyg// ppfppf
ayguaf yguf a&wGu=f unfrh S ocifEt
k ygt0if vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf t
JG wGi;f a&Swef;tcef;u yg0ifczhJ ;l
ol vufwzufpmawmifr&Sdbl;qdkygw,f//
vGwfvyfa&;a=unmt+yD;rSm xGufay:vmcJhwJh EdkifiHawmf[m jynfaxmifpkorw jrefrm
EdkifiHawmf jzpfygw,f?
72
0if;wihfxGef;
vGwv
f yfaom jrefrmEdik if &H J tvHawmf[m teDa&mifaemufcaH y:rSm vuf0aJ 'gihf tjyma&mif
pwk*HeJ@/ tjyma&mifpwk*HuGufxJ =u,fyGifh (6) yGifh&SdwJh tvHawmfjzpfygw,f/ tv,f&Sd =u,fyGifh
}uD;wyGifhudk =u,fyGifh (5) yGifhu 0ef;&Hxm;ygw,f// =u,fyGifh}uD;u jrefrm/ rGef/ &cdkif udk&nf!ef;+yD;/
=u,fyiG hf (5) yGiu
hf &Sr;f / csi;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u,m;udk &nf!e ;f w,fv@kd qykd gw,f? tajccH+y;D vdu
k ef m
usifhoHk;rJh Oya'u 1947 ckESpf zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' jzpfygw,f//
wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfudk ,m,DygvDreftjzpf owfrSwf+yD;/ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepftwdkif;
taumiftxnfazmf usifhoHk;tkyfcsKyfoGm;r,fjzpfygw,f//
EdkifiHawmf[m jynfaxmifpkorwEdkifiHawmfvdk@ uifyGef;wyfac:a0:ayr,fh/ 1947 ckESpf
zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkajccHOya'vm jynfaxmifpk ykHomef[m wjynfaxmifqefwJh jynfaxmifpk
yHo
k mefrsKd ;jzpfaew,fv@kd zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'qdik &f m u|r;f usio
f rl sm;u tuJjzwfc=hJ uyg
w,f//
yxrqH;k orw}u;D tjzpf anmifa&$apmfbmG ;}u;D p0fa&$ou
kd u
f akd &G;cs,+f y;D / yxrqH;k 0ef}u;D csKyf
ocifEk jzpfvmygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf ocifEktpdk;&tzGJrSm
Adkvfvufsm
- 'k0ef}uD;csKyfeJ@umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/
OD;wifxG f
- EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;/
OD;ausmf+idrf;
- jynfxJa&;Xme0ef}uD;/
OD;wif
- bma&;eJ@ tcGefawmfXme0ef}uD;
OD;b*srf;
- w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD;
ocifwif
- pdkufysdK;a&;eJ@ aus;vufpD;yGm;a&;Xme0ef}uD;
Adkvfzdk;uGef;
- jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;jr([omFw)
- trsdK;om;pDrHudef;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;ndKxGef;
- jyef=um;a&;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;udkudk=uD;
- ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;eJ@ axmufyHha&;Xme0ef}uD;
ref;0i;farmif
- pufr_vufr_eSifh tvkyform;Xme0ef}uD;
OD;xGef;jrifh
- &Srf;jynfe,fXme0ef}uD;
apmpHzdk;oif
- u&ifjynfe,fXme0ef}uD;
qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif
- ucsifjynfe,fXme0ef}uD;
p0f0
- u&ifeDjynfe,fXme0ef}uD;
OD;0rf;ol;armif
- csif;a&;&mXme0ef}uD;
AdkvfpdefrSef
- Xmevufudkifr&Sd0ef}uD; - wdk@jzpfygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;ae@rSm atmifapownf; vdk@O'gef;csDwJh vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;udk
xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufygw,f?
TtcsdefrSpI igwdk@. rlvtydkifjzpfaom vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;ukd igwdk@jyef,l+yD; wdkif;&if;om;
taygif;wdk@ aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfvsuf tcGifhta&; tqifhtwef;wlnDonfh jynfaxmifpkorwEdkifiH
awmf}uD;udk wnfaxmif+yDvdk@vnf; a=unmauG;a=umfvdkufygw,f//
73
0if;wihfxGef;
orwp0fa&$odkuf&J o0%fv$m 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEk&J o0%fv$m/ 'k0ef}uD;csKyf Adkvfvufsm&J

o0%fv$mwdk@udkvnf; zwf=um; a=unmvdkufygw,f//
orw}uD;&J o0%fvmG rSm ,ck u|Eyfk w
f @dk vufqyk v
f ufuikd f tydik &f &S+d yDjzpfaom vGwv
f yf
a&; qkx;l r*Fvm}uD;onfum; vufeufpu
JG ikd I
f tiftm;jcif;ydiu
f m t=urf;zufrj_ zif&h &Sad om vGwf
vyfa&;qk}uD;r[kwfrlI +AdwdefEdkifiHESifh rdwfo*F[tjzpfodk@ a&muf=uonfESifhtnD cspf=unfav;
jrwfpGm aphpyfndE_dif;I &&Sdtyfaom vGwfvyfa&; r*Fvmqk}uD;yifjzpfawmhonf? vkd@ azmfjycJh+yD;/
0ef}uD;csKyf&J o0%fvGmrSm ,ck u|Efkyfwdk@. EdkifiHawmf}uD;Y vlrsdK;a&;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/vlrsdK;pk
tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ EkdifiHa&;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ wOD;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif; rnD!Gwfr_rsm;
roifhwifhr_rsm; &SdzG,frvdk+yD? u|Ekfyfwdk@. Zmwdjzpfaom TEkdifiHawmf}uD;. tusdK;udka&S&_I jynf
axmifpkEdkifiHawmfol EdkifiHom;wdk@tm; udk,fusdK;udkriJhuGufyJ/ nD!Gwf=u&efESifh ud;yrf;=u&ef ,ck
u|Efkyfwdk@u wdkufwGef;Ekd;aqmftyfygonf vdk@ auG;a=umf azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
'k0ef}uD;csKyf Adkvfvufsmuawmh ol&Jo0%fvGmxJrSm EdkifiHawmf&JopPmukd apmifhodkdao
a&;eJ@ywfowf+yD; tu,fI EdkifiHawmf&Sd vuf0Jtiftm;pkwdk@ wnDw!GwfxJ&Sdygu ajymifajrmuf
atmifjrif&ef ruGmvSrf;vSawmhaom qdk&S,fvpf0g'}uD;twGuf aqmif&GufusifhoHk;=ujcif;omv#if
EdkifiHawmf.opPmudk apmifhoddkaoonfrnfownf; vdk@ teufzGifh azmfusL;oGm;ygw,f//
wdik ;f yjynfyv$waf wmf (,m,DygvrD ef) rSmvnf; orw}u;D eJ@ 0ef}u;D csKyfw@kd u rde@f ceG ;f pum;
awG ajym=um;=uygw,f? orw}uD; p0fa&$odkufu tpdk;&&J 0g'vrf;pOfeJ@ywfowf+yD; &Sif;vif;rdef@
=um;&mrSm jrefrmjynfaxmifpw
k iG f t&if;&Si0f g'udk ydwyf ify,fzsuI
f Edik if aH wmf. vkyif ef;aqmifwm
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a&;aumfrwDuvnf; ta&;}uD;+yDjzpfwJtwGuf vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJtwGuf toifh&Sdae&ef
a=unmygw,f? +Adwdo#wdk@u jrefrmjynf vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;jzpfrSm awmfawmfpdk;&drfcJh=uygw,f?
avoHav;avmufawmif em;cHEdkifpGrf;r&Sda=umif; jyocJh=uygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEk udk,fwdkifu
vnf; +Adwo
d #txifvrJG mS pd;k &drw
f t
hJ wGuf olwkd vuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;rl[m b,fvv
kd uf0n
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G af &;
rlvnf;qdkwm ywfywfeyfeyf &Sif;vif;jyzdk@ EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;wifxGwf udk t*Fvefv$wf+yD; &Sif;
vif;ajymjyapygw,f? rmhu(f pf) 0g' jzef@jzL;r,fqw
kd hJ tcsuw
f csuf zwf+y;D Ekrl (14) csut
f jzpf &Si;f vif;
cJh&ygw,f? rlv Ekrl (15) csufuae aemifrSm Ekrl (14) csuftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;chJygw,f?
wyfrawmftwGif;rSmvnf; vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;udpP[m ta&;}uD;acgif;pOfwck jzpfvmcJhyg
w,f? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD awmcdo
k mG ;wJah emufyikd ;f wdu
k cf u
kd &f r,fh wdu
k yf rJG sm;rSm wyfzJG wcsKd udk
apv$wfwm0efay;zdk@ tcuftcJ&Sdvmw,fvdk@qdkygw,f? bmvdk@vJqdkawmh wcsdKwyfcGJr;rsm;[m
uGefjrLepfEG,f0ifawGjzpfaevdk@qdkygw,f/ 'ga=umifh wjcm;wyfzGJawGeJ ajymif;+yD; wm0efay;&wm/
vlrsK;d pkwyfzJG awGeaJ &G;+yD; apv$w&f wmawG&v
dS mw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f/ tJ'v
D kd wm0efay;cH&wJwyfawG
u aus;&GmwcsKd udk jyefvnford ;f ydu
k &f mrSm &Gmom;eJ olyek f rcGjJ cm;bJ ypfcwfwu
kd w
f m ajrvSepf epfe@J
&Gmudrk ;D d_ wmrsKd ;awG jzpfay:vm+yD;/ Armaoewfuikd w
f yf&if;rsm;u ra=ureyfjzpf=u/ ajymqdv
k m=u
wmawG&w
dS ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? tJ'v
D kd a0zefajymqdrk a_ wGxu
G v
f mvd@k umuG,af &;0ef}uD; Adv
k v
f usmF
u Adkvfae0if; tygt0if Armt&m&Sd}uD;rsm;udk tpnf;ta0;ac:,lajymqdkwJhtcg Adkvfae0if;tyg
103
0if;wihfxGef;
t0if Armt&m&S}d uD;rsm;u jyefveS af 0zefajymqd=k uw,fqykd gw,f? rcHr&yfEikd jf zpfvmwJh Adv
k v
f usmF
u tJ't
D &m&S}d uD;rsm; vuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;vkyaf qmif=uzd@k pdeaf c: cJw
h hJ twGuf Adv
k af e0if;wd@k wawGu
0ef}uD;csKyfudkcGifhawmif;+yD; vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;twGuf wyfrawmf vuf0JnD!Gwfa&; (9) OD;aumfrwD
azmfaqmifc=hJ uw,fv@kd qykd gw,f? tJ'D wyfrawmfvuf0n
J !
D w
G af &; (9) OD;aumfrwDrmS Adv
k af e0if;/
Adv
k af Z,s/ Adv
k &f x
J w
G /f Adv
k w
f ifO;D / Adv
k w
f ifarmif? Adv
k cf spf rdi/f Adv
k x
f eG ;f pde/f Adv
k Af pdef pwJh olawGyg0ifchJ
=uygw,f?
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; AdkvfvusFmeJ@ Adkvfae0if;[m wOD;eJwOD; tjrifr=unf=ubl;vdk@vnf;
qdkygw,f//
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u olwyfuxGufcdsefrSm wyfudkOD;pD;zdk@ Adkvfvusfmudk aemufqHk;a&G;cs,f
wm0efay;cJh+yD;uwnf;u Adkvfae0if;[m Adkvfvusfmtay: ydifbufvdkoabmxm;+yD; remvdkpdwf
0ifcw
hJ mvd@k vnf;qd=k uygw,f? 'ga=umifh tJ'w
D ek ;f uvnf; Adv
k v
f usfm&J trde@f ay;r_wcsKd udk Adv
k af e0if;
[m remcHbJ olvkyfcsifovdk vkyfcJhwmawG&SdcJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f? tJ'D yk*~dKvfa&;uGm[r_[m wdkif;
jynfvGwfvyfa&;a=unm+yD;csdef ta&;}uD;umvwav#muf qufvufjzpfay:aecJhygw,f? wyfr
awmfvuf0JnD!Gwfa&; (9) OD;aumfrwDu Adkvfvusfm udk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;u EkwfxGufay;a&;
awmif;qdkzdk@ qHk;jzwfxm;w,fvdk@qdkygw,f? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; Adkvfvusfm &mxl;uEkwfxGufzdk@
qH;k jzwfjyifqif&wJh ta=umif;&if;awGxrJ mS wyfrawmfvuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;aumfrwDu olurkd vdv
k m;
bl;qdkwmuvnf; ta=umif;wckjzpfcJhygw,f?
Zlvdkif (15) &ufae@ ae@vnf (2) em&DrSm 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEk eJ@ 0ef}uD;tzGJ EkwfxGuf+yD;
tJ'Dn (7) em&DausmfrSmbJ jyefvnfzGJpnf; usrf;opPmusdefqdk=ujyefygw,f?
qd&k ,
S v
f pf-&JabmfjzL ydyuQa=umifah &m/ Ek-rl &Jabmfrl uGjJ ym;r_a=umifah &m/ jynfxaJ &;udk
tjywfudkifxm;wJh qdk&S,fvpfawGu &JabmfjzLawG&J vufeufawGukd odrf;vdrfhr,fqdkwJh xGufay:
vmwJh toHawGa=umifhyg &JabmfjzLwcsdK Zlvdkif (16) &ufae@rSm awmcdk=uygw,f?
Zlvdkif (16) &ufae@rSmyJ vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpD zGJpnf;ay:aygufvmygw,f? tzGJ0if
(21) OD;&Sdygw,f?
1? Adkvfae0if;
OuU
wyfrawmf
2? AdkvfApdef
tzGJ0if
?
3? AdkvfapmxGef;pdef
?
?
4? Adv
k &f x
J G f
?
?
5? AdkvfaZ,s
?
?
6? Adkvfr;atmif
?
jynfol@&Jabmf
7? AdkvfpdefrSef
?
?
8? Adkvfva&mif
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9? Adkvfrif;acgif
?
?
10? Adkvf!Gef@armif
?
?
11? Adkvfatmif!Gef@
?
?
104
0if;wihfxGef;
12? Adkvfbkef;atmif
13? OD;vSarmif
14? OD;AaqG
15? OD;ausmfjidrf;
16? ocifwif
17? Adkvfatmif}uD;
18? Adkvfodef;wef
19? Adkvfatmifrif;
20? Adkvf&efatmif
21? OD;odef;azjrifh
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qdk&S,fvpfygwD
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'Dae&mrSm &Si;f vif;p&m&Syd gw,f? OuU tjzpfaqmif&u

G w
f hJ Adv
k af e0if;yg wyfrawmft&m&Sd
}uD; (5) OD;[m wyfrawmfvuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;aumfrwD0if (9) OD;xJujzpfygw,f wyfrawmfvuf0n
J D
!Gwfa&; (9) OD;aumfrwDudk udk,fpm;yxm;wJhoabmjzpfygw,f?
uGefjrLepfvkd@acgif;pOfwyfay;xm;wJh Adkvfodef;wef/ Adkvfatmifrif;/ Adkvf&efatmif wdk@(3)OD;
[mvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk w&m;0ifudk,fpm;yxm;olawGr[kwfyg? ( Adkvfodef;wef [m
rwfv (28) &ufae@ vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; rv$rJ a&Smifom ay:ayguv
f mwJt
h cg vdu
k o
f mG ;cGi&hf cJh
ygvsuf vdu
k rf oGm;cJo
h jl zpfygw,f?) jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;OD;ausm+f idr;f u rwfv (28)&ufup+yD; wjynf
vHk; odrf;usHK;+yD; uGefjrLepfzrf;yGJ}uD; qifE$JwJhtcg tzrf;cH&ol (3) OD;jzpfygw,f? vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;
aumifpzD @JG pnf;prSm axmifxu
J aexkw+f yD; aqG;aEG;apwmjzpfygw,f? Zlvikd v
f (18)&ufae@rmS vuf0J
nD!Gwfa&;aumifpD&J qHk;jzwfcsuft& OD;ausmf+idrf;u axmifuv$wfay;cJ+yD; vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;
aumifpDrSm yg0ifapcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
tJ'v
D kd Adv
k af e0if;OuU tjzpf aqmif&u
G w
f hJ vuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;aumifpD zGJ pnf;ay:ayguv
f m
csdefrSm wdkif;jynfrSmjzpfysufaewJhtaetxm;u ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m rwfv (28) &ufae@u
wnf;u awmcdkae&+yD;jzpfovdk/ &JabmfjzLrsm;vnf; vufeufodrf;cH&/ tzrf;tqD;cH&rSmpdk;vdk@
wpdww
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d mom
jzpfay:ae+yD; u&ifppf&Jrsm;u oxHkudkodrf;ydkufwm uHawG&+yD;csdefjzpfygw,f? tpdk;&tzGJ twGif;&Sd
vusFmtiftm;pkrsm;udk,fwdkifuvnf; tpDtpOfwckudk jyifqifae=uw,fqdkygw,f? tJ'guawmh
qd&k ,
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f pfjynfol&Jabmfrsm;ryg0ifwhJ tdraf pmift
h pd;k &zGJ pnf;ay;a&; tpDtpOfjzpfygw,f? umuG,f
a&;0ef}uD; Adkvfvusfm/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfprpf'Gef;/ &JcsKyf OD;xGef;vSatmif/
jynfxaJ &;XmetwGi;f 0if OD;umpDw@kd yg0ifwhJ Edik if aH wmfvkH cHa&;aumifpu
D 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEu
k kd qd&k ,
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vpfe@J jynfol&Jabmfw@kd ryg0ifwhJ tdraf pmift
h pd;k &zGJpnf;ay;&ef awmif;qdck =hJ uygw,f? Edik if jH cm;a&;
0ef}uD; OD;wifxGwfuvnf; vHkcHa&;aumifpDeJ@ woabmwnf;jzpfw,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? vHkcHa&;
aumifpu
D tckvkd uGejf rLepfawG olyek x
f jcif;eJ@ u&ifoyl ek x
f &ef v_yv
f y_ &f &G jG zpfae&jcif;[m qd&k ,
S f
105
0if;wihfxGef;
vpfawGudkrkef;vdk@jzpfw,f? tpdk;&xJrSm ygwDorm;awGryg&if at;oGm;vdrfr,fvdk@ ta=umif;jy=u

w,fqdkygw,f?
rdwDvmrSm wyfr;rsm;nDvmcHeJ@ ykvdyft&m&Sd}uD;rsm;nDvmcHusif;y+yD;/ tJ'DnDvmcHawGrSm
Adv
k cf sKyfprpf'eG ;f eJ@ OD;xGe;f vSatmifw@kd u vH;k cHa&;aumifp&D J qH;k jzwfcsuo
f abmxm;twdik ;f ajym=u
qdk=u jyifqif=uw,fqdkwJh toHawGxGufay:vmcJhygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf;eJ@ vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumif
pD0ifawGu 'DvkH cHa&;aumifp&D J qH;k jzwfcsuo
f abmxm;[m wdik ;f yjynfyv$waf wmf ,m,DygvrD ef
udk ab;z,fxm;+yD; ppfwyf/ ykvdyfeJ@ tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sd}uD;rsm;u tm%modrf;&ef=uHjcif;om
jzpfw,fv@kd ,q
l =uwJt
h jyif ppfwyfxrJ mS &Sad ewJh t*Fvyd pf pfrpf&iS &f Jacgi;f aqmifwOD;u aemufu,
G f
uae =oZmay;aew,fvdk@ rouFmjzpf=uw,fqdkygw,f? vHkcHa&;aumifpD&J tpDtpOfomatmif
jrifoGm;&if e,fcsJvkyf}uHr_}uD;atmifjrifoGm;Edkifw,fvdk@vnf; ,lq=uw,fqdkygw,f? 'ga=umifh
vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDudk zGJvdu
k +f yD; vHkcHa&;aumifpD&J ygwD0ifawGrygaom tdrfapmifhtpdk;&zGJ
pnf;a&;t}uHtpnfudk wdkufzsuf&efpOf;pm;=uygw,f? vusfmtE W&m,ftjzpf _jrifoHk;oyfylyef=u
w,fqdkygw,f? vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDu ocifEkudk quf+yD; 0ef}uD;csKyfvkyfap&ef/ rvkyfvdk
u Adkvfvusfmudk vkyfap&ef/ Adkvfae0if;udk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;cef@&ef/ OD;wifxGwf tm; EdkifiHa&;jcm;
a&;0ef}uD;ae&mu z,f&Sm;+yD; OD;tkef; odk@r[kwf vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDu a&G;cs,folwOD;OD;udk
cef@xm;&efvnf; qHk;jzwf=uw,fqdkygw,f?
vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpD xJrSmvnf; txufazmfjyygqHk;jzwfcsufawGudkom vufcH
oabmwlnDae=uayr,fh rwlnDwmawGvnf; trsm;}uD;vdk@qdkygw,f? wcsdKu vusfm tE W&,f
udkomwdkufzsufvdk+yD;/ uGefjrLepfeJ@ r& &wJhenf;eJ@ aphpyfvdkolawGjzpf+yD;/ wcsdKu vusfmtE W&m,f
kd &f r,fv@kd cH,x
l m;=uw,fv@kd qykd gw,f? OD;ausm+f ird ;f
a&m/ uGejf rLepftE &W m,fa&m ESpcf pk vk;H tywfwu
uawmh ESpfckpvHk; tywfwdkufa&;orm;jzpfygw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm yk*~dKvfa&;ydyuQawG[mvnf; ay:aygufvmjyefw,f/ Adkvfae0if;eJ@ ywfouf
wJhydyuQjzpfygw,f? Adkvfvusfm u olumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;&mxl;u EkwfxGufoGm;&ifawmif/
Adkvfae0if; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;jzpfvmrSmudk rvdkvm;ovdk/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf prpf'Gef;
uvnf; 0ef}uD;csKyf ocifEu
k kd csO;f uyf+yD; Adv
k af e0if;udk umuG,af &;0ef}uD;tjzpf vufrcHEikd af =umif;
wifjycJw
h ,fv@kd qykd gw,f? OD;ausm+f idr;f uawmh Adv
k af e0if;udv
k v
kd m;+yD; umuG,af &;0ef}uD;jzpfapcsif
ygw,f? qd&k ,
S v
f pftEG,0f ifjzpfwhJ Adv
k af e0if;udk olvltjzpfvnf; tcdik t
f rmarG;jrLxm;csiyf gw,f?
Adv
k v
f ufusmf uawmh umuG,af &;0ef}uD;tjzpf Adv
k af Z,sukd jzpfapcsiw
f ,fqykd gw,f? OD;ausm+f idr;f
u Adkvfae0if; ae&m&a&;twGuf tpGrf;ukef ud;pm;cJhygw,f?
Zlvikd v
f ukeyf ikd ;f rSm jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;OD;ausm+f idr;f u 0ef}uD;csKyf ocifEq
k v
D m+yD; Akv
d af e0if;
udkjzpfjzpf/ AdkvfaZ,sudkjzpfjzpf/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; cef@ay;zdk@ awmif;qdkae=u+yD? tajctaeawGu
awmh ta&;}uD;ae+yDqdkwJhta=umif; wifjyygw,f? ocifEku 'Davmufta&;}uD;aewJhtcsdefrSm
'Dvakd wmif;qdv
k mwm[m t=uyfuikd w
f mbJv@kd cpH m;+yD; b,fou
l rkd S rcef@b;l / olw@kd vyk cf si&f mvky=f u
ygap? 'dk@rSmvnf; ajcrJhvufrJhrSr[kwfbJvdk@ jiif;y,fw,fqdkygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf;u 'Dvdkqdk olwdk@udk
106
0if;wihfxGef;
c%avmufrawGEdkifbl;vm;vdk@ xyf+yD;ajymawmh ocifEku rawGbl;vdk@ xyfjiif;w,fqdkygw,f?

tJ't
D cg OD;ausm+f idr;f u 0ef}uD;csKyfa&SrSmyJ rsuaf &awG awGawGus+yD; idjk yw,fqykd gw,f? OD;ausm+f idr;f
rsuf&nfuswmjrif&+yD; pdwfxdcdkufvmwJh ocifEku/ a[hausmf+idrf; rif;taumifawGac:csifac:cJh
igawGr,fv@kd jyefjyif+yD;ajzwJt
h cgr/S OD;ausm+f idr;f u u|eaf wmfw@kd tpd;k &tzGJ rSm wu,ftm;ud;k Edik w
f hJ
Armwyf[m Adkvfae0if;&J wyf&if; (4) wwyfyJ&Sdw,f? tJ'Dawmh 'DvlawGvm&if Adkvfae0if;udk
umuG,af &;0ef}uD;cefah pcsiw
f ,fv@kd wdu
k w
f eG ;f ajymqdyk g w,f? tJ'v
D kd tcdik t
f rmjyifqif+yD;wJah emuf
OD;ausm+f idr;f u Adv
k af e0if;/ Adv
k af Z,s OD;ode;f azjrifw
h @kd ukd ocifEq
k aD c:vmygw,f? ODausm+f idr;f eJ@twl
qdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmifwcsdKvnf;ygvm=uygw,f? ppfAdkvfESpfOD; oHk;OD;vnf;ygvmw,fqdkygw,f?
ppfAkdvfwOD;&Jcg;rSm ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfxdk;vmwm udkjrifvdkuf+yD; pdwfawG axmif;ueJjzpfvmwJh
ocifEku/ tif;bmvJajymygtHk;vdk@ Adkvfae0if;eJ@ AdkvfaZ,sudkar;awmh ESpfOD;pvHk;u bmr#rajymbJ
+idrfae=uw,fqdkygw,f? vuf0JnD!Gwfa&; aumifpDtwGif;a&;r; OD;odef;azjrifhu Adkvfae0if;udk
jzpfjzpf AdkvfaZ,sudkjzpfjzpf 0ef}uD;csKyf uduf&mvludk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;cef@zdk@ wifjy+yD; 0ef}uD;csKyf
pOf;pm;zdk@ tcsdef(3)&ufay;r,fvdk@ ajymw,fqdkygw,f? 'gudk&mZmoHay;vmwm +cdrf;ajcmufvm
wmvd@k ,lq+yD; ocifEu
k a'goeJ@ oH;k &ufrajymeJ@ oH;k rdepfawmif tcsed rf ,lb;l / b,fou
l rkd S rcef@b;l
vdk@ajym+yD; tm;vHk;jyefv$wfvdkufygw,f? tpu OD;ausmf+idrf;ajymxm;wJhtwdkif; Adkvfae0if;udkyJ
cef@r,fvdk@ pDpOfxm;wm a'goa=umifh ysufoGm;&w,fqdkygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf;wdk@wtkyfvHk; jyefoGm;
+yD;aemuf (15) rdepfavmuft=umrSm Adv
k v
f usmf eJ@ Adv
k af Z,su 0ef}uD;csKyfe@J awGcsiw
f t
hJ a=umif;
ajymvmjyefw,fqdkygw,f? yxr ocifEk u jiif;ygw,f? Adkvfvusfmu awGcGifhyoifhygw,fvdk@
awmif;yefwJhtwGuf ocifEku vufcH+yD;awGjyefygw,f? AdkvfaZ,su oludk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;
cef@zdk@ajymwJhtcg ocifEku xyfrHjiif;y,fvdkuf+yD; tJ't
D a=umif;udk OD;ausm+f idr;f qD zk;H qufajymjy
vdu
k w
f ,fqykd gw,f? t}ut
H pnf&x
dS m;wJh OD;ausm+f ird ;f u atmif+yDv@kd ajymw,fqykd gw,f? ocifEu
k
ausmf+idrf;a& bmatmifwmvJvdk@ar;awmh 0ef}uD;csKyf rodygbl;/ aemufrS u|efawmfvm&Sif;jyr,f
qdk+yD; w,fvDzkef;udkcsvdkufw,fqdkygw,f? tJ'Daemuf OD;ausmf+idrf;u Adkvfae0if;udk csufcsif;ac:
+yD; Adkvfae0if;/ AdkvfaZ,s qdkwJhvl[m cifAsm;udktodray;bJ 0ef}uD;csKyfqD olwa,mufxJoGm;+yD;
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;cef@zdk@ajymae+yD? 0ef}uD;csKyfutckyJ usaemhfudk w,fvDzkef;eJ@ta=umif;=um;
w,fvdk@ ajymvdkufwJhtcg Adkvfae0if;vnf; a'goykefxoGm;+yD; Adkvfae0if; eJ@ AdkvfaZ,s t=um;
tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; yl;aygif;r&Edkifavmufatmif uGJ+yJoGm;&awmhw,f qdkygw,f? wyfrawmf vuf0J
nD!Gwfa&; (9) OD;aumfrDwDvnf; r=umrDysufjym;oGm;&ygw,f?
qdk&S,fvpfjynfxJa&;Xmeu &JabmfjzL awG&Jh vufeufawGudkodrf;jyD; zr;fawmhr,fqdkwJh
ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ Zlvdkifv (16) &ufae@rSm awmcdkoGm;=uwJh &JabmfjzLawG&Jpum;[mvnf;
aoG;xGuaf tmifreS v
f mcJyh gw,f? Zlvikd v
f (29) &ufae@/ reuf (5) em&DrmS OD;ausm+f idr;f &J jynfxaJ &;
Xmeu jynfol&JabmfXmecsKyfudk 0dkif;um acgif;aqmifawGudk zrf;qD;ygawmhw,f? Adkvfzdk;uGef;vGwf
oGm;+yD; 'kw,
d OuU Adv
k v
f a&mif wd@k wawGvnf; wdr;f a&SmifomG ;&ygawmhw,f? ajray: &Sd &JabmfjzL
rsm; ajratmufb0a&mufoGm;=u&ovdk/ &JabmfjzLtrsm;pk}uD;[m Zlvdkifv (29) &ufae@up+yD;
vufeufudkifawmcdkb0a&mufoGm;&ygawmhw,f? tpdk;&[m wenf;tm;jzifh qdk&S,fvpfrsm;[m
107
0if;wihfxGef;
rwfv (28) &ufae@rmS uGejf rLepfrsm;udk awmwGi;f armif;yd@k co

hJ vdk Zlvikd v
f (29) &ufae@rmS &JabmfjzL
rsm;udk awmwGif;armif;ydk@vdkufjyefwmjzpfygw,f? jynfol&Jabmfrsm;[m tpuwnf;u w&m;0if
vufeufuikd af qmifciG &hf xm;olrsm;jzpfwt
hJ wGuf vufeufuikd af wmcd=k uwJt
h cg tqifo
h ifh vufeuf
wyfqif+yD;om; wyfzGJrsm;jzpfoGm;=uygawmhw,f? tiftm;vnf; ydkrdkrsm;jym;+yD;om;jzpfygw,f?
=o*kwfv (1) &ufae@rSm Adkvfae0if;[m wyfrawmf 'kwd,ppfOD;pD;csKyfeJ@ 'kwd,ppfaoem
ywdjzpfvmygw,f? Adkvfae0if; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;jzpfa&;twGuf OD;ausmf+idrf;rSm rsuf&nfusjywJh
enf;a&m 0ef}uD;csKyfudk aoG;aqmifem;cswJhenf;ygrusef tpGrf;ukeftokH;ycJh+yD;/ Adkvfae0if;udk tydkif
udkifxm;Edkifa&; olvljzpfa&;twGuf trsdK;rsdK; ukvm;zefxdk;cJhayr,fh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;awmhr&yJ
'kwd,OD;pD;csKyfomjzpfvmcJhygw,f?
Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;wifxw
G [
f mvnf; uGejf rLepfudk ud,
k w
f ikd Of ;D pD;+yD; vufeufuikd w
f u
kd cf sif
vdk@yJvm; 'grSr[kwf vufeufudkif wyfydkifwckck&Sdxm;rS 'DvdktajctaerSm aumif;vdrhfr,fvdk@ ,lq
vdk@yJvm;/ ruGJjym;yg? EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;tjzpfu E_wfxGufcGifhawmif;pOfu orRw}uD;u vufcHyg
v#if ArmhwyfrawmfrSm tr_xrf;vdka=umif; av#mufxm;cJhwJhtwGuf wyfxJrSmae&m&oGm;+yD;
'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;&mxl;udk pwiftay;cH&ygw,f? (EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;tjzpfuawmh =o*kwfv (16)
&ufae@rSmrS E_wfxGufjzpfygw,f?) r=umrD wyfrif;}uD;jzpfvmygw,f?
=o*kwv
f (3) &ufae@rmS oxHb
k ufrmS &Sw
d hJ autif't
D rkd sm;u oxHck kid u
f kd odr;f ydu
k v
f u
kd yf g
w,f? e,fbufrmS &Sad e=uwJh u&ifppf&rJ sm;&J v_y&f mS ;vmr_/ autif't
D rkd sm;&J vufeufuikd v
f y_ &f mS ;
vmr_awG[m wae@wjcm; 'Da&jrifhwufvmcJhygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEku owif;pmq&mawGudk
zdwf=um;+yD; +idrf0yfydjym;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ jynfaxmifpkwnfwHha&;awGudk =o*kwfv (5) &ufrSm
&Sif;vif;ajym=um;vmygw,f?
autif,l tzGJcsKyf}uD;u vufeufudkifydyuQ ydkrdkus,fjyef@rvmapa&;twGuf Zlvdkifv
(25) &ufae@pGJeJ@ arwWm&yfcH yef=um;csufwapmifxkwfjyefcJh+yD; t=urf;zuf0g'/ vufeufudkif0g'udk
vufrcHEikd af =umif; xkwaf zmfjyocJah yr,fh u&iftrsKd ;om;xk&&dS m e,fbufawGrmS vufeufuikd v
f y_ f
&Sm;r_'aD &[m w&dy&f yd o
f mwufvmaeygw,f? tpd;k &&Jajz&Si;f yHrk rSeu
f efra_ wGa=umifh uGejf rLepfrsm;/
&JabmfjzLrsm; awmcdv
k y_ &f mS ;vm&wm odjrifae=uovdk awmcdak e=uolawG&J vufxrJ mS vufeufpJG
udik x
f m;=u+yD; tqufrjywfvy_ &f mS ;vm=ucsed rf mS u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;vnf; vufeufuikd x
f m;Edik zf @kd
vdktyfw,fvdk@ cH,lxm;=uygw,f? vGefcJhwJh ig;ESpftwGif;u uHawGcJh&bl;wJh vlrsKd;a&;t"duk%f;
tjzpftysufrsm;/ vufeufodrf;a&;ud;yrf;r_eJ@ ay:aygufcJh&wJh vufeufudkifydyuQ tawGtuH
rsm;[m vwfvwfqwfqwfyJ&Sdae=uygao;w,f? wufvmwJh tpdk;&tay:vnf; b,fvdkrS
,Hk=unfvdk@r&atmif jzpfaecJh=uygw,f?
=o*kwfv (7) &ufae@rSm autif'DtdkeJ@ u&ifppf&Jrsm;[m rtlyifaiGwdkuf/ tdrfrJaiGwdkuf
wd@k uakd zmuf+yD; aiGrsm;udo
k rd ;f ,lum awmcd=k uygw,f? wjynfv;kH vufeufuikd w
f u
dk yf o
JG aH wG nHvm
ygw,f?
tpdk;&u awmcdkvufeufudkifv_yf&Sm;r_awGudk ESdrfeif;zdk@ bDwDtuf(z)( Burma Territorial
Force) wyf&if; (52) &if;zGJpnf;zdk@ pDpOfpdkif;jyif;ygw,f? autif,ltzGJ}uD;u bDwDtuf(zf)wyf
108
0if;wihfxGef;
&if; 'Davmufrsm;rsm;zJG pnf;zd@k pdik ;f jyif;vmjcif;[m u&iftrsKd ;om;awGukd ESyd u

f yG zf @kd v@kd ,lqw,fqkd
ygw,f? tJ'DvdktcsdefrSm vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDxJygolwcsdK v_yf&Sm;vm=uovdk@/ wyfrawmf
twGif;rSmvnf; v_yfv_yf&G&Gjzpfvmygw,f?
wyfrawmftwGi;f rSm v_y&f mS ;vmolrsm;[m vuf0EJ ,
G o
f rl sm;eJ@ trsKd ;om;a&;pdwf jyif;xef
olrsm;jzpfaeygw,f? olwdk@u tcsdef&Sdwkef; xuGv_yf&Sm;=urS awmfvdrfhr,fvdk@ ,lqvm=uygw,f?
aESmifah ES;ae&if; vuf,morm;rsm;u Armwyfukd vufeufawGord ;f vmrvm;/ vuf,morm;awG
vufrOD;cif olwdk@u t&if;OD;atmifodrf;oifhw,fvdk@ wyfwGif;u aqG;aEG;vm=uygw,f/ umuG,f
a&;ODpD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfprpf'Gef;/ avwyf AdkvfcsKyf &SD;_d/ b&D;a*;'D;,m; apm=um'dk;/ Adkvfr;}uD;jzpfvmol
OD;wifxw
G /f ar*sm*sief &,fppf&mxl;ay;xm;wJh &JcsKyfO;D xGe;f vSatmif pwJyh *k K~ v
d af wGu Edik if aH wmfvkH
cHa&;aumifpDudk ud;udkifcs,fvS,fae=uw,fvdk@ ,lqxm;=uovdk tJ'Dtkyfpkudk vuf,morm;
rsm;vdk@vnf; owfrSwfxm;=uygw,f? wyfrawmftwGif;rSm &mxl;}uD;}uD;&xm;oltcsdK u&if
trsdK;om;awGjzpfae=uwmudkvnf; trsdK;om;pdwfjyif;xefolawGu r,Hkr&Jjzpfae=uygw,f? tJ'D
vdktajctaeawGaygif;vdkufwJhtcg wyfr;wyfom;wcsdKu tm%modrf;zdk@ aqG;aEG; }uHpnfvm=u
awmhw,fqykd gw,f? Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;udk acgi;f aqmifxm;+yD; tm%modr;f zd@k wdu
k w
f eG ;f olawGvnf;ay:
vmw,f?
tJ'Dvdk wyfrawmftwGif;u pwifjzpfay:vmwJh tm%modrf;a&;t}uHtpnf[m bmrS
atmifatmifjrifjrifjzpfrvmwJh vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDwcsdKqD ul;pufkdufcwfvmygw,f?
tm%modrf;a&;tpDtpOfudk jynfol&Jabmfu Adkvfva&mifuvnf; oabmwlovdk/ uGefjrLepf
a[mif;rsm;jzpfwhJ Adv
k o
f ed ;f wef/ Adv
k af tmifrif; wd@k uvnf; oabmusw,fqykd gw,f? OD;ode;fazjrif/h
AdkvfaZ,s/ Adkvf&JxGf wdk@uvnf; oabmwl=uovdk qdk&S,fvpfwcsdKuvnf; axmufcH=uw,fqdk
ygw,f? vuf0JnD!Gwfa&;aumifpDu =oZm&SdwJh vufeufudkifwyfrsm;eJ tm%modrf;+yD; vuf0JnD
!Gwfa&; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&zGJpnf;&efjzpfygw,f? tJ'D vuf0JnD!Gwfa&; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rS uGefjrLepf
olykefrsm;eJ +idrf;csrf;a&;vkyfum tpdk;&xJ xnfhoGif;zGJpnf;+yD;/ ygwD0ifawGrygwJh tpdk;&zGJpnf;&ef
}uHpnfae=uwJh vuf,mtiftm;pkawGukd OD;wnfwu
kd cf u
kd o
f mG ;zd@k tm%mrJah tmifvyk jf ypfz@dk vd@k qykd g
w,f? +yD;awmhrSm OD;ausmf+idrf;uae ocifoef;xGef;txd yg0ifEdkifr,fh us,fjyef@wJh vuf0Jtiftm;pk
awGudk odrf;oGif;pkpnf;+yD; tm%mtyf&efvdk@qdkygw,f?
tJ'v
D kd pdwu
f ;l eJjyif=uqif=uygw,f? tm%modr;f zd@k yg0if=ur,fh awmfveS af &;wyf&if;rsm;
[m =o*kwfv (10) &ufae@ &efukefrdta&muf csDwufvm=u+yD; &efukefrdrSmqHk+yD;wJhaemuf
tm%modrf;=u&efjzpfw,fqdkygw,f? Adkvfpdefwifacgif;aqmifwJh o&ufrdu Armhaoewfudkifwyf
&if; (1) [m &efuek f rdudk tcsed rf q
D if;vm+yD;/ r*Fvm'Hrk mS &Sw
d hJ Adv
k &f x
J G f &J wyf&if; (3) eJ@ aygi;f =uzd@k
jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dvdk wyfrawmftwGif;u wyfrsm;&Jv_yf&Sm;vmwJh owif;[m vufawGrqifEJ$Edkif
ao;rDrmS yJ udwifowif;aygurf j_ zpfay:vmcJw
h ,f? awmifyikd ;f wdik ;f r; Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmifoif; u Adv
k rf ;
cspfrdifudkac:,l+yD; wyf&if; (3) u uGefjrLepf Adkvfodef;[m tcsufjyqufoG,fa&;wyfudk vma&muf
pnf;kH;jcif;/ axmufyHydk@aqmifa&;wyfu armfawmfum;rsm;pDpOfjcif;awGudkaxmufjy+yD; wyf&if; (3)
u &efukefrdudkodrf;zdk@ }uH&G,faea=umif; pGyfpGJajymqdkw,fqdkygw,f? Adkvfcspfrdifu tJ'Dvdk owif;
aygufaewmudk Adkvf&JxGfudk jyefvnfajymqdkw,fqdkygw,f?
109
0if;wihfxGef;
wu,ftm%modr;f zd@k tcdik t

f rmjyifqif=uawmhvnf; Adv
k af e0if;ujiif;y,fco
hJ vdk ygr,f
ajymxm;wJh wcsdKwyf&if;r;rsm;[m rygawmhbl;vdk@qdkygw,f? Adkvfae0if; rygawmhbl;vdk@qdkwmu
rydik rf Edik b
f J awmfveS =f u&if vuf,mtkypf u
k tuduaf wGoGm;vdrrf ,f? Edik if jH cm;ppfu,
l +l yD; vuf0J
tkypf rk eS o
f r#ukd z;d cGi;f jypfEikd w
f ,fv@kd ,lqwJt
h wGuaf =umifq
h ykd gw,f? wyf&if; (3) xJrmS vnf; tm%m
odrf;,la&;t}uHtpnfudk vufcHoleJ@ vufrcHol ESpfydkif;uGJoGm;ygw,f? wyf&if;r; 'kAdkvfr;}uD;
&JxG u
f tm%modr;f a&;t,ltqudk qkyu
f ikd +f yD; 'kw,
d wyf&if;r; Adv
k rf ; cspf rdiu
f tm%modr;f a&;
qef@usifoljzpfvmygw,f? yJcl;rSm&SdwJh wyf&if; (6) rSmvnf; vufcHoleJ@ vufrcHol&Sdvmygw,f?
wyf&if;r; 'kAdkvfr;}uD;wifOD;eJ@ Adkvfr;wifarmifwdk@u tm%modrf;,la&;udk vufrcHolawGjzpfvm
ygw,f?
Adv
k &f x
J G ef J Adv
k af Z,s [m tm%modr;f a&;tpDtpOf owif;aygu=f um;ae+yD;jzpfwt
hJ wGuf
awmcdzk @kd qH;k jzwfvu
kd yf gw,f? Adv
k af Z,s[m ppf;kH u ppfO;D pD;t&m&Sd yxrwef;jzpfygw,f? Adv
k &f x
J G f
u wyf&if;(3) wyf&if;r;jzpfygw,f?
=o*kwv
f (8)&ufae@rmS o&ufrdu Armhaoewfuikd w
f yf&if; (1) eJ@ r*Fvm'Hk u wyf&if;(3)
wjcrf;[m awmcdkwyfjzpfoGm;&ygawmhw,f?
o&ufu Adkvfpdefwif acgif;aqmifwJh wyf&if; (1) [m &efukef&J ajymif;vJoGm;wJh tajc
taeudkrodbJ x&yfum;awGeJ@ &efukefudkqif;vm=uygw,f? om,m0wDrSmawG&wJh tapmifhwyf
wwyfqu
D vufeufawGord ;f ,lc=hJ u+yD; vrf;rSm tusO;f axmifawGziG +hf yD;/ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGukd
v$waf y;cJ=h uygw,f? tpd;k &u qif;vmwJh Adv
k pf ed w
f if&J wyfukd qD;wdu
k zf @kd avwyfu av,mOfEpS pf ;D
udv
k w
$ +f yD; pufaoewfe@J typfcikd ;f ygw,f? av,mOfEpS pf ;D 0Jvmwmudk tudvmw,fxif+yD; wyf&if;
(1) u vufjya0&rf; E_wq
f uf=uw,fqykd gw,f? pufaoewfe@J av,mOfysaH y:uae tqufrjywf
ypfawmhrS ykef;a&Smifajy;v$m;=u&w,fqdkygw,f?
AdkvfaZ,s Adkvf&JxGf wdk@ awmcdkzdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkufwJhtcg tm%modrf;a&;tpDtpOftwGuf
t"du ZmwfaumifwaumifjzpfcJhwJh OD;odef;azjrifh [m awmxJudkrvdkuf&JawmhbJ r*Fvm'Hkuae
vSnfhjyefoGm;ygw,f?
r*Fvm'Hkwyf&if; (3) eJ@ trSwf (2) *sDtD;wyfcGJu t&m&Sd t=uyfwyfom;wcsdK yJcl;wyf&if;
(6) u t&m&SdeJ@ &JabmfwcsdK pkpkaygif;tif;tm; (350) avmuf[m ppfum; (32) pD;eJ@ awmcdk=u
ygw,f? AdkvfaZ,seJ@ Adkvf&JxGfwdk@ uOD;pD;ygw,f? wyf&if; (3) [m Adkvfpdefwif OD;pD;wJh wyf&if;(1)
eJ@aygif;zdk@ jynfvrf;r}uD;twdkif; ajrmifzufudk OD;wnfcsDwufvmygw,f? tpdk;&eJ@ wyfrawmf (av)
u av,mOfrsm;eJ@ 0g;eufacsmif;teD;rSm vdkufvHwdkufcdkufacsref;zdk@ ud;pm;ygw,f?
awmcd&k mudv
k u
kd rf oGm;awmhwhJ OD;ode;f azjrifu
h kd vuf0n
J !
D w
G af &;aumifprD mS tzGJ 0ifwOD;
tjzpf yg0ifcJhzl;wJh jynfxJa&0ef}uD; OD;ausmf+idrf;u wyf&if; (3) udk ajrmufay;cJhw,fqdkwJh pGyfpGJcsuf
eJ@twl zrf;qD;+yD; axmifxo
J iG ;f vdu
k yf gw,f? tpnf;ta0;&Sv
d @kd vdu
k cf zhJ @kd vdrn
f mrSm=um;+yD; oltdrf
u um;udak wmif aoaocsmcsmv$waf y;+yD;rS ODausm+f idr;f u oltdrt
f aygu0f ra&mufrrDS mS ykvyd rf sm;
udk toifhapmifhzrf;apcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
110
0if;wihfxGef;
'DvdkeJ@ wyfrawmfvuf0JnD!Gwfa&; (9) OD;aumfrDwDqdkwm ysuft+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ vuf0J

nD!Gwfa&;aumifpDqdkwmvnf; edXdwHoGm;ygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmt+yD; (7) v ausmfausmf
twGi;f rSmyJ vufeufuikd af wmcdo
k mG ;=u&wJh tzGJ tpnf;awG[mvnf; rsm;oxufrsm;vm&ygawmh
w,f? yxrqHk; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ tJ'Daemuf &JabmfjzL/ u&ifppf&J/ autif'Dtdk/ awmcdkwyf
rawmfqdkwmawG jzpfvm&ygawmhw,f?
awmcdkwyfrawmfay:vm+yD;wJhaemuf u&ifrsm;&Jv_yf&Sm;r_[m ydkrdkjyif;xefvmcJhygw,f?
'g[mvnf; obm0uswu
hJ pd w
P ckv@kd qd&k ygvrd rf ,f? ArmvlrsKd ;tzGJ tpnf;pH&k J vufeufuikd t
f iftm;
pkrsKd ;pHak y:ayguv
f mcsed rf mS u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm; vufeufuikd v
f y_ &f mS ;vm=uwm[mvnf; obm0uswhJ
udpw
P cktjzpfyJ _jrif&ygvrd rhf ,f? ud,
k t
hf iftm;pkukd ud,
k }f uD;xGm;atmifvyk =f uovdk ud,
k =hf oZm&Sd
atmif xlaxmifvm=u csJxGifvm=uwmawG qufwdkufjzpfay:vmygw,f?
=o*kwfv (11) &ufae@rSm &efukefrd e,ferdwftwGif; nrxGuf&trdef@ xkwfjyefvdkuf&yg
w,f? Armwyfrawmfxu
J wyfwcsKd awmcdw
k t
hJ wGuf wyfrawmfppfO;D pD;csKyf Adv
k cf sKyfprpf'eG ;f u u&if
aoewfuikd w
f yf&if;awGukd vufeuf}uD;eJ@ pufaoewfawG zG@J pnf;yHx
k ufausmv
f eG +f yD; xkwaf y;w,f
vdk@qdkygw,f? =o*kwfv (14) &ufae@rSm u&ifppf&Jrsm;u wHGaw;rdudk odrf;ydkufygw,f? =o*kwfv
(16) &ufae@rmS Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;wifxG f 0ef}uD;&mxl;u w&m;0ifEw
_ x
f u
G +f yD; ppfwyfxaJ &muf
oGm;ygw,f? ujym;aygi;f pHek @J zGJ pnf;xm;wJh ,lattuf(zf)rSm wyfrif;}u;D jzpfomG ;ygw,f? =o*kwv
f
(20) &ufrmS armfcsD;rdkifudk autif'Dtdkrsm;u odrf;ydkufvdkuf=uovdk oxkHcdkifwckvHk;[mvnf;
autif'Dtdkrsm; vufatmufa&muf&SdoGm;ygw,f?
u&iftrsdK;om;wdk@&J v_yf&Sm;vmr_eJ@twl a&Sqifhaemufqifh v_yf&Sm;vmwmu rGeftrsdK;
om;rsm;jzpfygw,f?
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118
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v_yf&Sm;ae=u+yD; [Hom0wDcdkif/ ykodrfcdkifawGrSmvnf; v_yf&Sm;ae=uygw,f? txufArmjynfrSm
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a&eHacsmif;/ rif;bl;/ rauG;/ a&eHajrwav#mufrmS vnf; tiftm;&Sad e=uygw,f? awmcdw
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tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwDu tiftm;raumif;vSayr,fh jrpf0u|ef;ay:zufrSma&m &cdkifa'o
tcsdKrSmyg&Sdae=uygw,f? &cdkifbufrSmu &cdkifuGefjrLepfrsm;a&m/ wjcm;tzGJtpnf;aygif;pHk ajymuf
usm;tzGJaygif;pHkvnf; v_yf&Sm;ae=uygw,f? r[mrkeduae ajryHktxd/ bHkaygufomausmfacgif;
aqmifwJh ajymufusm;rsm;v_yf&Sm;ae=u+yD;/ &rf;+AJu|ef;rSmu udka&$atmif/ udkb[ef wdk@OD;aqmifwJh
ajymufusm;tzGJawG&Sdygw,f? &cdkifawmifydkif;rSm OD;pdE Wm wdk@ajymufusm;tzGJawG&Sdygw,f? bl;oD;
awmifarmif;awme,fa'orsm;udk rGwfpvifoD;jcm;e,fajrjzpfxdkufw,fvdk@ ,lq+yD; oDjcm;e,f
awmif;qdak e=uwJh rl*sm[pf rsm;[mvnf; &cdik jf ynfe,fajrmifyikd ;f rSm v_y&f mS ;ae=uygw,f? &rnf;oif;
cdkifzufrSm Adkvfwm&macgif;aqmifwJh wyfeDrsm;[m uGefjrLepfygwDwyfrsm;jzpfvm=uygw,f?
u&ifppf&w
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oHawmif awmifilbuf/ tdrfrJ/ rtlyif/ yef;waemf/ jrpf0u|ef;ay:buf/ [Hom0wDcdkif uGrf;+cHukef;/
wGHaw;/ oHk;cG/ oHvsifzuf/ om,m0wD/ wdkuf}uD;/ om&a0gzufwifru weoFm&Dwdkif;twGif;/
u,m;jynfe,ftwGif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;xdyg ysHESH@v_yf&Sm;ae=uygw,f? rGefvufeufudkiftzGJ
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aomif;use;f olrsm;vd@k ac:a0:orkwyf gw,f? vufeufuikd f ykeu
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(&JabmfjzL)/ wyfeD/ awmcdkwyf&if;qdkwmawGu ArmawGjzpf=u+yD;/ autif'Dtdk/ u&ifppf&J/ trf
tif(ef)'Dt/kd ytd0k /hf u&ife/D &cdik af jymufusm;aygi;f pHk pwmawGu Armr[kww
f hJ vlrsKd ;pk trsKd ;om;rsm;
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a&muf&Sdvm=uol tquftEG,frsm;jzpfygw,f?)
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tpnf;awGeJ@ ywfouf&if txl;ojzifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk t"du OD;wnfwdkufygw,f?
Edik if aH &;t& yid b
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t"du OD;wnfwdkufavh&Sdygw,f?
119
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wJh &JabmfjzLudkvnf; armif;xkwfvdkuf+yD;wJhtcg qdk&S,fvpfrsm;&J zqyvtjzpf ydkrdkay:vGifvmcJh
ygw,f? &Jabmf0gqdkwmu rnfumrwW avmufyJusefygawmhw,f? zqyvtzGJcsKyfxJrSm yg0if
aewJh ArmEdik if v
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&ufae@rSm zqyv uae E_wfxGufvdkufygw,f? (27) &ufae@rSm ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm;
tpnf;tkH; OuU OD;b*srf; [m 0ef}uD;tjzpfua&m/ zqyv tzGJ0iftjzpfuyg E_wfxGufvdkufyg
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udkifr&Sd woD;yk*~vawGomusefygawmhw,f?
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avmifc&hJ wJEh pS v
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awG ar#mfvifhxm;wmxuf tqrwefydkvmcJh&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh tm%m&qdk&S,fvpf acgi;f aqmif
rsm;[m wdik ;f jynfrsuEf mS udk wpufuav;r# raxmufco
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u&if h v uf e uf u d k i f a wmf v S e f a &;eJ &ef u k e f t pd k ; &

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=uygw,f?
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rsm;[m wdik ;f jynf&J t&yf&yftajctaet& ppfwyfrsm;uwdu
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wdk;raygufatmif tumtuG,frsm;yvkyfxm;=uovdk &GmpGef&Gmzsm;rsm;rSm ajruwkwfusif;rsm;/
tdraf tmufrmS usi;f rsm;wl;+yD; jyifqifxm;=uygw,f? umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf prpf'eG ;f &J vufeufuikd f
aqmifcGifhvufrSwfeJ@ w}udrfv#if vufeufudkif (80) udk wGHaw;wl;ajrmif;uwqifh armfawmfeJ@
tacguaf cgut
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h ,fv@kd tpk;d &&Jbufu qdyk gw,f? uGejf rLepf/
&JabmfjzL/ awmcdw
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rdrdwdk@a'orsm;udk umuG,fzdk@&ef vufeufudkifaqmifcGifh awmif;qdk=uwJhtcg wGHaw;rSm AdkvfcsKyf
prpf'Gef; &JvufrSwfeJ@ vufeufudkifaqmifcGifh w&m;0if &&Sdxm;cJhw,fqdkygw,f? tJ'D udkifaqmif
120
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autif'Dtdk wyfrsm;a&m/ oxHkcdkifbufu autif'Dtkdwyfrsm;yg wHGaw;/ pmbl;awmif;wdk@u
wqifh tif;pdefudka&muf&Sdvm=uw,fqdkygw,f? tif;pdefrSm&SdwJh u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;&J tultnD
awmif;csut
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rSm ppf0efxrf;wyfeJ@ autif'Dtdk wdk@t=um; roifhrjrwf jzpfvm=uygw,f? ydyuQawG ay:vm
cJhygw,f?
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rsm;yg yg0ifwhJ &SpOf ;D aumfrwDz@JG +yD; aphpyfajz&Si;f zd@k ud;pm;w,fqykd gw,f? tJ'D (8)OD;aumfrwD&J t"du
wm0efu tif;pderf mS autif't
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ap&ef ta=umif;&Sdvdk@ oufqdkif&mae&mrsm;odk@ autif'Dtdk wyfzGJ0ifawGudk jyefydk@zdk@jzpfygw,f?
wif;rmvmaewJh roifjh rwfra_ wG=um;rSm &SpOf ;D aumfrwD&J aqmif&u
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awmifirl mS pcef;csxm;wJh trSw(f 1) u&ifaoewfuikd f wyf&if;uvnf; w&if;vH;k ykeu
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&yfuGufawGrSm wdkufyGJi,fawG pwifjzpfyGm;vm+yD; &SpfOD;aumfrwD ud;yrf;csufvnf; ysufjym;
oGm;ygawmhw,f? (31)&ufae@rSm AdkvfcsKyfprpf'Gef; eJ@ 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;eJ@ txuft&m&Sd}uD;awG
jynfaxmifpk ppfHk;rSm qlylrlawGeJ@ywfouf+yD; tpnf;ta0; w&ufusif;yygw,f? tpnf;ta0;
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vrf;axmifh &xm;wGJysufrsm;&Sd&m ae&mtxd wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;+yD;/ ppf&Jwyfu e*g;/ ol&d,/
121
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122
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130
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apm[efwmomar$;eJ@ tif;pdefppfajrjyif ppfqifa&;r; Akdvfr;atmifpdefwkd@u vufrSwfa&;xkd;+yD;
jyef=um;vdkufygw,f? {+yDv (8) &ufae@jzpfygw,f?
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wGif;ppfrD;[m }uD;oxuf}uD;+yD;yJvmcJh&ygw,f? wjynfvkH; aoewfoHawGnHaecJh&ovkd awm
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ovkd tif;pdefjyefvnfodrf;,lEkdifa&;wkdufyJG}uD;rsm;udk tjyif;txefqifE$Jygw,f? {+yDv (29) &uf
ae@rSm wyfrawmfavudk tokH;y+yD; tif;pdeftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;e,fajr/ tif;pdefaxmif
awmifbufe,fajrawGudk AkH;}uJwkdufcdkuf&if; ar,kppfoabFmukd toHk;y+yD; pufr_ausmif;e,fajr/
urf;em;qefpufe,fajrawGudk tajrmuf}uD;rsm;eJ@ ypfcwfwdkufcdkufygw,f? arv (13) (14) &uf
awGrSm udyifaumuf/ ZD;ukef;/ ewWvif;rdawG tpdk;&vufatmuf jyefvnfusa&mufoGm;ygw,f?
arv (22) &ufrSm txufArmjynf aysmfbG,f/ &rnf;oif;/ wyfukef;/ wHwm;OD;rdawGudkomru
tif;pdefrdudkyg tpkd;&u odrf;ykduf&&SdoGm;ygawmhw,f? om,m0wD ppfrsufESmrSm tpkd;&u AkH;}uJ
wkdufckduf&mrSmawmh av,mOf (3) pif;eJ@ AHk;}uJwkdufckduf&if; {+yDv (7) &ufae@rSm tpdk;&bufu
jynfol&Jabmf AkdvfpdefrSef usqkH;oGm;ygw,f? AHk;}uJzkd@ av,mOfeJ@vkdufygoGm;wJh AkdvfpdefrSef[m
AHk;}uJaewkef; atmufuae jyefvnfypfcwfvkdufwJh uGefjrLepfolykefawG&J usnfoifh+yD; av,mOf
xkdifcHkay:rSmyJ toufaysmufcJh&wmjzpfygw,f? ESpfzufpvHk;[m tustqHk;awGrsm;cJh&ygw,f?
yJcl;ukd {+yDv (26) &efukefukd arv (1) &ufae@ odrf;r,fvkd@ auG;a=umf&nfrSef; csDwufvm
cJhwJh Akdvfaemfqkdif;wyfeJ@ autif'Dtkdrsm;[mvnf; awmifilukd jyefqkwfoGm;&ygw,f? tif;pdefudk
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131
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jyefvnfodrf;,lEdkifoGm;ygw,f?
ZlvkdifvxJrSm AkdvfcsKyfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJh ppfrpf&SiftzJG +Adwdefukd avhvma&;qkd+yD; oGm;
ygw,f? t"du vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmuf 0,f,lzkd@jzpfygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf;oGm;+yD; vufeuf0,f
,la&;ud;pm;pOfwkef;u jiif;y,fv$wfvkdufwJh +AdwdefukdxyfrHoGm;+yD; ud;pm;jcif;jzpfygw,f? b,fu
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ocifEkudk,fwkdif vufeuf&a&;twGuf tdEdN,/ ygupPwefcspf=unfa&;c&D; qkdwmukd xGufjyefyg
w,f? t"du&nf&G,fwmu tdENd,0ef}uD;csKyf ael;qDuae vufeuftultnD&a&; oGm;ud;pm;
wmjzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;ppftpu ocifEkrsufESmeJ@ 0ef}uD;csKyfael;u vufeufw}udrfa&mif;ay;cJh
+yD;jzpfygw,f? tvkH;vkduf t&if;vkduf xyfa&mif;ay;zkd@ 'kwd,t}udrf udk,fwkdifrsufESmoGm;jy+yD;
tultnDawmif;wmjzpfygw,f? ael;u ocifEkvkdoavmuf a&mif;ay;vkdufygw,f? tdENd,u
0,fvkd@&vmwJh dkifz,fvufeufeJ@ cJ,rf;rD;ausmuf usnfqHawGudk 0Sufo,fvm+yD;/ w&m;0ifvlxk
=um; to,fjyvmwmuawmh Ak'<&J"mwfawmf pG,fawmf awGudk yifhaqmifo,f,lvmjcif;qkd
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trsm;tjym; o,faqmifvmcJhygw,f? aAm"dyifysKdawG&JatmufrSm 0Sufo,fvmwmawGuawmh
usnfqHaowWmawGvkd@ ajym=uqkd=uwmvnf;&Sdygw,f? Armjynfjyefa&mufawmh "mwfawmf/ pG,f
awmfawGukdjy+yD; jynfolawGudk zl;ajrmfapygw,f? aAm"dyifysKdawGudk EkdifiHtES@Htjym; jzef@a0ay;yg
w,f? vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufawGudkawmhh ppfwyfvufxJxnfhay;vkduf+yD;/ jynfwGif;ppf}uD;udk
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tpkd;&vnf; &efukeftpdk;& jzpfoGm;&wJhESpfjzpfygw,f? u&ifhawmfvSefa&;}uD; twdtvif;ay:
aygufvmcJh&+yD; zqyvudk rsufjzLqkdufoGm;apcJhwJhESpfjzpfygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfol
&Jabmf/ awmckdwyfrawmf wkd@tjyif autif,l/ autif'Dtkd/ trftif'Dtkd/ ytkd@vufeufukdifwyf/
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132
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awmif}uD;uqkwaf y;&awmh vm;d;_ udo

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(1) Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;eJ@ trSwf (3) Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;rsm;udk tpm;xkd;jyefvnfzJGpnf;
wmawG vkyfapygw,f? trSwf (1) (2) (3) u&ifaoewfudkifwyfrsm;udk zsufodrf;+yD; trSwf (2)
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qkdwmawG ajymif;vJzJG@pnf;ygw,f? Akdvfoifwef;ausmif;eJ@ ppfOD;pD;wuUokdvfudkvnf; jyefvnf
zGifhvSpfum ppfoifwef;rsm;ukd jyefvnfykd@csapwmvkyfygw,f? 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfvnf;jzpf umuG,f
a&;0ef}uD; vnf;jzpfwJh AkdvfcsKyfae0if;[m ppfwyfudk olpdwfuduf taumiftxnfazmf zJGpnf;
jyifqifwmawG pwifvkyfcGifh&cJhygw,f?
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vm+yDjzpfv@dk toufa_ csmifvmygw,f? olyek af wGord ;f yku
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usL;ausmfvmr_jzpfygw,f? jynfyvufeufudkifwyfrsm; ArmjynftwGif; usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmr_
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acgif;aqmifwJh wkwfjynfolorRwEkdifiH ay:xGef;vmygw,f?
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133
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(93) wyfru AkdvfcsKyfrmacsm,DeJ@ AkdvfcsKyfvlcsif;qGef; wkd@jzpf=uygw,f?
1950 jynfh ZGev
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w,f? 'gayr,fh wkwfjzLulrifwefwyfawGu eJeJav;rS rvkdufemHkru Armhwyfrawmfu olwkd@ukd
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134
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trSwf (6) ajcvsifwyf&if;/ trSwf (7) ajcvsifwyf&if;/ trSwf (8) ajcvsifwyf&if;awG wkd;csJzJGpnf;
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AkdvfcsKyfae0if; OD;pD;+yD; usif;yyvkyfcJhygw,f? armif;jyefvufeufi,feJ@ usnfqefrsm;xkwfvkyfEkdifwJh
umuG,fa&;ypPnf;pufHkukd (Burma Army Godown) qkdwJh emrnf0SufeJ@ tif,m;uefapmif;rSm
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xkwfy,fxm;&wJhtwGuf t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh ao;i,fae+yDjzpfygw,f? qkd&S,fvpfygwDuae
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xdyfxkdufqkHcJh&wJh ukd&D;,m;ppfyGJ}uD;+yD;wm ylylaEG;aEG;yJ&Sdao;csdefjzpfygw,f? tar&duefawG&J
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tusK;d wlupd &P yfawGudkf aqG;aEG;=u+yD; orkid ;f 0if a=unmcsuw
f ck xGuaf y:vmcJyh gw,f? tJ'guawmh
twlwuGyl;wGJaexkdifa&;rl}uD; (5) csuf qkdwmyg0ifwJh ESpfEkdifiH yl;wJGa=unmcsufjzpfygw,f?
ZGefv (29) &ufae@rSm xkwfjyefa=unmcJhygw,f? 'Drl}uD; (5) csuf[m EkdifiHwumhqufqHa&;e,f/
EkdifiHwumh EkdifiHa&;e,fy,frSm aemifxif&Sm;ay:vGifvmr,fh t"durl}uD; (5) csufjzpfcJhygw,f?
(29-4-54) ae@rSm wkwf/ tdENd, oabmwlnDcsufrSmvnf; rl}uD; (5) csufygygw,f//) csLtifvkdif;
u ArmjynfutjyefrSm 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ekukd yDuif;rdokd@ cspf=unfa&;c&D; vma&mufvnfywfzkd@ zdwf
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1954 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvrSm 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Eku wkwf jrefrme,fjcm;ukd oGm;a&muf
avhvmpkpH rf;zk@d e,fpyfa'owk;d wufr_ pkpH rf;a&;aumfr&Sif ukd zJG pnf;ay;ygw,f? Akv
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jcm;txd oGm;a&muf+yD; e,fedrdwfykdif;jcm;a&;qkdif&m taxmuftxm;awGukd wwfEkdifoavmuf
pkpH rf;pkaqmif;zk@d wm0efay;ygw,f? txl;wm0efuawmh 0e,ftwGi;f wkwef w
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wkwjf ynfueG jf rLepfygw[
D m ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J uGejf rLepfygwcD si;f nDaemifygwcD si;f
qufqaH &;&Sd rkH u ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu
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wkwfjynfxJ0ifa&mufvm=uwJhtwGuf wkwftpkd;&u vufeufawGudk zwfodrf;+yD; vufcHxm;
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tiftm;pkwpkeJ@ Akdvfaemfqkdif;acgif;aqmifwJh tpkd;&qef@usifa&; tkyfpkwpk[m &SdaecJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
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159
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jzpfygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ qufqHa&;udk nDaemifygwDcsif; qufqHa&;tjzpf ta&;xm;
qufqHaeovkd/ 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek tpkd;&eJ@qufqHa&;udkvnf; rdwf0wfrysuf qufqHa&;tjzpf rl}uD;
(5) csufabmiftwGif;uae taumif;qkH;qufqHEkdifatmif ud;yrf;tm;xkwfaecsdefjzpfygw,f?
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w,f? wkwf-Arm e,fedrdwfjyoemajz&Sif;a&;twGuf w&m;0if wdwdusus pwifwJh yxrqkH;ajc
vSrf;vdk@ ajym&rSmjzpfygw,f? OD;Ek wkwfjynf c&D;xGufcgeD; 0ef}uD;tpnf;ta0;wckrSm 0ef}uD;csKyf
csLtifvkdif;eJ@ awGwJhtcg wkwf-Arm e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;udpP aqG;aEG;cJhzkd@ 0ef}uD;tm;vkH;u
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udpP qefukefonfawG odoGm;+yD; qef0,fzkd@ tavmw}uD; wif'goGif; vkyfudkifoGm;
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dk a=umif;jy+yD; ppfwyf}uD; qufvufw;dk csJ
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&ufae@rSm jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzJG kwfodrf;xGufcGgcJhayr,fh aemufykdif;rSm jyef+yD; befaumufaqG;
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qefaps;ukd wwefaygif (50) atmuf rusEkdifvkd@ cef@rSef;+yD; qefa&mif;&aiGay: tajccHwGuf
csuf&if; ArmjynfvufawGtajctaeawGeJ@ tyfpyfqDavsmfjcif;r&SdpGm xifovdka&;qGJay;xm;wJh
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wqifh wyf}uD;awG tvkH;t&if;eJ@ ppfqifa&;xGuf&av[ef ppfy&d,m,ftzkHzkH usio
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jynfytE W&m,f tjywfwkdufckdufa&; jynfyusL;ausmfoludk tjywfarmif;xkwfa&;xuf jynfwGif;
vufeufukdif tiftm;pkawGtay: tywfwkdufa&;udkom zqqkd&S,ftpkd;&u aZmif;ay;cJhygw,f?
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xGucf mG oGm;a&; oabmxm; b,fwek ;f urS r&Scd =hJ uvd@k qydk gw,f? tar&duef[m Oa&myrSm aewk;d
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jynfukdusKH;oGif;Ekdifzkd@ ud;pm;aecsdefjzpfygw,f? wkwfjzLukdudkif+yD; Armjynfukd zdtm;ay;csifwJh &nf
&G,fcsufvnf;&Sdw,fvkd@ EkdifiHa&;okH;oyfolawG wkd;wufwJh tiftm;pkawGu jrifcJh=uygw,f?
wkwfjynfuvnf; Armjynf tar&duefwkd@&J ppftkyfpk zJGpnf;a&;xJ a&mufroGm;a&;[m
tifrwefta&;}uD;wJh jy\emtjzpf _jrifxm;ygw,f? xkdif;/ zdvpfykdif/ xkdif0rf/ ygupPwefwkd@[m
tar&duef&J qD;wkd;ppftkyfpk0ifawGjzpfvm=uygw,f? jyifopfe,fcsJorm;awG qkwfcGmoGm;&wJh
tif'cdk sKid ;f em;a'oukv
d nf; tar&duefawG toGit
f rsK;d rsK;d eJ@ ae&m,lEidk zf @dk pwif yg0ifywfoufvm
cJh=uygw,f? 'kwd,urBmppft+yD;rSm e,fcsJorm;a=umifh ESpfjcrf;uJGcJh&wJh EkdifiHawGxJrSm tm&Su
uk;d &D;,m; eJ@ AD,uferfw@dk [m txift&Sm;qk;H om"uawGjzpfcyhJ gw,f? uk;d &D;,m;ppfyrJG mS tar&duef
yg0ifywfoufco
hJ vkd AD,uferfrmS vnf; jyifopfawGqw
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cJhygw,f? awmifAD,uferfrSm ajc_wfvmcJh=uygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwD OD;aqmiftm%m&xm;wJh
ajrmufAD,uferfudk zdcGif;ypfa&;twGuf awmifAD,uferfbufuae tar&duefawG yg0ifulnDpGuf
zufvmcJh=uygw,f? avmeJ@ uarBm'D;,m;EkdifiHawGxJvnf; tar&duefwkd@&J ppfa&; pGufzufr_ajc
vSrf;awG ododomom jzpfay:vmaeygw,f? xkdif0rfudk tar&duef xD;&dyfatmufrSm qGJoGif;xm;
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tar&d uefwkd@&Jh tm&Sqkdif&may:vpDawGeJ@ wkdufkdufywfoufaecJhygw,f? Armjynf tm%m&
zq-qkd&S,f rsm;uvnf; e,fcsJ tE W&m,fxuf uGefjrLepftE W&m,fu ykda=umufp&maumif;
w,f vkd@ cH,lcsrSwf ukdifpGJxm;=uawmh wkwfjzLusL;ausmfolrsm; armif;xkwfypfa&;[m t"du
ta&;}uD;wm0efr[kwfovkd jzpfaecJhygw,f? tar&duefe,fcsJ&J uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ uGefjrLepf
tE W&m,fwm;qD;um uG,fa&;&yfwnfcsufeJ@ Armjynfqkd&S,fvpfrsm;&J uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;
uGefjrLepfawGudk tywfwkdufa&; oabmxm;&yfwnfcsuf[m tusKd;pD;yGm;wlay:rSm ajcpkH&yfr_csif;
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xm;ovkd OD;AaqG&J Ekid if aH &;uvnf; uGejf rLepfwu
kd af &;om t"dujzpfcyhJ gw,f? olw@kd EpS Of ;D pvk;H [m
ArmjynfrmS uGejf rLepfygwDusqkH;v#if qkd&S,fvpfygwD tvkdvkdwufvmvdrfhrnf qkdwJh t,ltq
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0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ekuawmh wkwef @J awG&if tar&duefawG rqd;k a=umif;ajym/ tar&duefe@J awG
&if wkwfawGrqkd;a=umif;ajym+yD; tar&duefcspf=unfa&;a&m wkwfcspf=unfa&;yg ydifwlvkyf+yD;
ol@&J a&$jynfat;t,ltqukd vufawGusifhokH;Ekdifzkd@ jyifqifaecJhygw,f?
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awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wufa&muf=uygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ekvnf; wufa&mufovkd wkwf0ef}uD;csKyf
csLtifvidk ;f vnf; wufa&mufygw,f? tdE,
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wmomjzpfygw,f? befa'gi;f rl}uD; (10) csuf rSm Armjynfu 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek &J tcef;uvnf;
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; yg0ifcJhygw,f? wkwfjynf&J ta&mifwifay;csufeJ@ OD;Ek ta&mifxGufvmcJhwmvkd@
vnf; EkdifiHa&;tuJcwfrsm;u qkdprSwfycJh=uygw,f? EkdifiHwumhqufqHa&;e,fy,frSm OD;Ek *k%f
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vrf;pOfudk jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;vrf;pOfv@dk ac:ygw,f? 55 vrf;pOf[m ppfa&;csKd
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vS,fawG[m tpPa&;/ ,l*kdpvm;AD;,m;/ [efa*&D/ csufukdpvkdAufuD;,m;/ ta&S*smr%DeJ@
qkdAD,uf wkd@udkvnf; oGm;a&mufcJh=ujyefygw,f?
166
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tJ'D pufwifbmvxJrSmyJ wkwfjynfumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;&J zdwf=um;csuft& wkwfjynf

c&D;udkvnf; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk,fwkdif acgif;aqmif+yD; oGm;a&mufcJh=ujyefao;w,f? wkwfjynf
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;&J zdwf=um;csuft& wkwfjynfc&D;udkvnf; AkdvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if; udk,fwkdifacgif;
aqmif+yD; oGm;a&mufcJh=ujyefygw,f?
1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@rSm ppfOD;pD;csKyfukd umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfvkd@ trnf
ajymif;vJac:a0:cJ+h yD;/ a&wyfO;D pD;csKyfudk 'kw,
d umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf (a&)/ avwyfO;D pD;csKyfudk 'kumuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyf (av) vk@d ajymif;vJ ac:a0: cJo
h vk/d atmufwb
dk m (1) &ufae@up+y;D umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu
f dk
'kumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf (av/ a&) wk@d &J vkyyf idk cf iG ehf @J tm%mtm;vk;H udyk g tyfEiS ;f vdu
k yf gw,f? =unf;/
a&/ av tm;vk;H [m umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf Akv
d cf sKyf}uD; ae0if; &Jvufatmuf wpkwvk;H wnf;a&muf
&SdoGm;apwJh oabmjzpfygw,f?
1955 ckEpS x
f rJ mS 1950 jynfEh pS u
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h iG ;f zJG pnf;cJw
h hJ ppf0ef
xrf;wyf awGteuf/ useaf eao;wJh wyf&if; (13) &if;ukd zsuo
f rd ;f ypf+yD;/ ajcvsiw
f yf&if;awGtjzpf
ajymif;vJzJGpnf;ygw,f? wyf&if; (25) uae (31) txd ajcvsifwyf&if; (7) &if;jzpfay:vmygw,f?
trSwf (104) ajcjrefwyf&if;ukdvnf; wkd;csJzGJpnf;vdkufygw,f?
1955 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmvrSm aomif;use;f r_umuG,af &;twGuq
f +dk yD; ppfbuf/ &Jbuf/ tkycf sKyf
a&;bufawGpkaygif;+yD;/ ysLapmxD; ppfqifa&;pDrHudef;}uD;udk taumiftxnfazmfvkdufygw,f?
ysLapmxD; wyfawG w&m;0ifay:vmygw,f? 51-52 a&G;aumufyJGwkef;u aomif;usef;&rf;um;cJh
=uwJh emrnfqkd;eJausmf=um;cJhwJh ajymufusm;0efxrf; umuG,fa&;qkdwJh cg;ykdufaqmifwyfawGukd
ysLapmxD;vk@d trnfajymif; zJG pnf;vku
d w
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tzJGtpnf;awGu a0zefaxmufjy=uygw,f? ysLapmxD; zJGpnf;awmhzkd@ w&m;0if pwifa=unm
uwnf; uvnf; a0zef qef@usif uef@uGufcJh=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh zqyv tpkd;&u ysLapmxD;ukd
zJGjzpfatmif zJGvkdufygw,f? zJGpnf;+yD;csdefup+yD;awmhvnf; ysLapmxD;awG[m a'otoD;oD;rSm
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w,f?
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vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef a=unmcsufyJjzpfygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek OuU tjzpfaqmuf&GufwJh
umuG,af &;aumifpq
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jzpfygw,f? ysLapmxD; u aomif;use;f olawGukd ESrd ef if;zk@d / vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf trde@f a=unmcsuf
}uD;u aomif;use;f olrsm; tvif;0ifvm=uzk@d jzpfygw,f? 0ifapcsiw
f t
hJ ayguu
f kd zGiahf y;+yD; wzufu
wkwfjyifvkdufwJhoabmjzpfygw,f? aemufwpfcsufu aemufxyf vtenf;i,ftwGif; usif;y&
awmhr,fh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD;twGuf vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@xkwf+yD; rJqG,fajcvSrf;
pvkdufwmvnf;jzpfygw,f? 'kwd,t}udrf ygvDref'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD;u 1956
ckESpf/ {+yDvrSm usif;y&awmhr,fjzpfygw,f? vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh trdef@a=unmcsufudk jynfxJa&;
0ef}uD;Xmeu 1955 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbm (1) &ufae@ ae@pGJeJ@ xkwfjyefa=unmvkdufygw,f?
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rSwaf y;xm;+yD; vufeufuikd f ykeu
f efqef@usiaf e=uolrsm; tcGit
hf a&;ukt
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0ifz@dk aqmf=oxm;ygw,f? 'Dvw
G +f idr;f csr;f omcGit
hf rde@f u vufeufuidk yf ek u
f efqef@usiaf e=uolawG
vufeufcstvif;0ifzkd@oufouftwGufyJ &nf&G,fxkwfjyefcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
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jrefrmEkdifiHtrsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pkqkdwJh yrnw tzJG}uD; ay:xGef;vmwmjzpfygw,f?
yrnw tzGJ }uD;[m ajray:twku
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twkduftcH EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;[m cdkifrmwJh wyfaygif;pkwck atmifatmifjrifjrif zJGpnf;oifh
ygvsuf rzGJpnf;EdkifcJh=uyg? 'kwd,t}udrf ygvDref'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD; usif;ycgeD;
usrS twkduftcH EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;&J wpkwpnf;wnf;aom wyfaygif;pk}uD;tjzpf yrnw
ukd zJGpnf;EdkifcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;ppfjzpfae&wJhtwGuf jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH; 'kuQtrsKd;rsKd;eJ@
&ifqkdifae&+yD;/ 'Dvkdtajctaeqkd;awGrS jynfoludku,fwif&efqkd+yD; yrnw }uD;ukd zJGpnf;vdkuf
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(1) ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m 'dk@Armtpnf;tkH;/
(2) jynfol@nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/
(3) jynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzJG@aygif;pk/
(4) Armjynf tvkyform; v,form;ygwD/
(5) Armjynf tvkyform; tpnf;tkH;rsm;tzGJcsKyf/
(6) awmifolv,form;nD!Gwfa&; tpnf;tkH;/
(7) jynfolvli,ftzJGcsKyf/
(8) w&m;r#wr_tzJG/
(9) rGef/ wkdif;&if;om;tpnf;tkH; eJ@
(10) ref;xGe;f &if tp&Sw
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rSmyg0ifvmcJh=uygw,f? yrnw xJrSm tiftm;t}uD;qkH;uawmh qkd&S,feDrsm;jzpfygw,f?
awmckv
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a&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idrf ;f csr;f a&;vrf;pOfudk auG;a=umfovk/d w&m;0if ajray:tzGJ tpnf;}uD;jzpfwhJ yrnw
uvnf; jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;toHuykd J yJw
h ifxyfapcJyh gw,f? yrnw }u;D [m
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f cH Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pk}uD; jzpfvmcJyh gw,f? yrnw &Jxif&mS ;
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w,f? OD;at;armifu w&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;u E_wfxGuf+yD; w&mr#wr_ygwD axmif/ aemufykdif;
ocifcspfarmifwkd@ tvkyform; v,form;ygwDeJ@wGJ+yD; yrnw zJG@&mrSm yg0ifvmwmjzpfygw,f?
168
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pk}uD; ay:vmwm[m zqyv tpkd;&&J rl0g' ay:vpDawGudk a0zef _wfcs zGifhcsEkdifcJh+yD; jynfolvl
xk&J uHawG&ifqkdifae&wJh vlr_b0taxGaxGukd rD;armif;xkd;jyEkdifcJhygw,f?
1955 ckEpS f ESpu
f ek yf idk ;f rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (Auy) &J jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f
+idr;f csr;f a&; auG;a=umfoaH wGe@J twl yrnw tzJG }uD;&J jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ +idr;f csr;f a&;awmif;qkd
oHawGtjyif wuUov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) &J jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfp+J yD; jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;
ukd t&,l=uzkd@ awmif;qkdoHawGyg us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ pnfpnfa0a0 xGufay:vmcJhygw,f? 1955
ckEpS /f 'DZifbm (5) &ufae@/ (35) ESpaf jrmuf trsK;d om;ae@rmS wuo u +idr;f csr;f a&;tqkw
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0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek vnf; uruxyolwpfOD;tjzpf yg0ifcJhwJh befa'gif;nDvmcH}uD; usif;yEkdifcJh+yD;
Armjynftpk;d &&J Ekid if jH cm;a&;qkid &f m *k%w
f ufcw
hJ EhJ pS jf zpfovk/d zqyv tpk;d &&J auwDat pDru
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&yfqkdif;vkduf&wJhESpf jynfaxmifompDrHudef; a&pkefar#mvkduf&wJhESpfvnf;jzpfygw,f?
wkwjf zLwku
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ovkd zqyv tpdk;& &J ysLapmxD;pDrHudef;/ ysLapmxD;zJGpnf;r_awG ay:aygufcJhwJhESpfjzpfygw,f?
zqyv tpk;d & &J vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGit
hf rde@f xGuaf y: cJo
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pkawG&J wyfaygif;pk yrnw }uD; ay:xGufcJhygw,f?
ajray:ajratmuf Oya'wGif; Oya'y EkdifiHa&; tiftm;pkawG tygt0if tm%m& zqyv
tpdk;&tzJGuvJGvkd@ wjynfvkH; jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;toHawG pnfpnfnHnH
pwifazmfusL;vmwJhESpfvnf;jzpfygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek qkdAD,uf,leD,HoGm;+yD; ck&SufeJ@ cspf=unf
a&;vkyfcJhovkd ck&SufeJ@ bl*geifwkd@vnf; ArmjynftvnfvmcJh=uwJhESpfjzpfygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf
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ay:vmygw,f? 1956 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvqef;up+yD; wyfrawmf&J trSwf (10) ajcvsifwyfr[m&J
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csa&;/ tvif;0ifa&;wk@d twGuf zGiahf y;xm;+y;D wyid ef ufwnf;rSm ppfa&;t&zdtm;ay;zk@d vufeufrcs
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jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;toHawGudk ppfoHeJ@ zkH;ypfvkdufygw,f?
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vkd@ (14) &uft=um Zefe0g&D (20) &ufae@rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OuU ocifoef;xGef;u
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[laom tcsuf (3) csufudk tajccHI zqyv tpkd;&ESifh awGqkHaqG;aEG;vkdonfvkd@ azmfjy
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pm;vS,af wG[m wuo taqmuftOD;rSm Zefe0g&D (23) uae (25) &ufae@txd (3) &ufwidk w
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ygw,f? jrefrmEkid if aH wmftpk;d &&Joabmxm;ukd azmfjywJt
h aeeJ@ jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D OD;xGe;f 0if; uae
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h nfukd Arma&m urBmuyg od+y;D jzpfonf?
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aewJh zdik w
f u
GJ pd jP zpfygw,f? wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u tJ'zD ikd w
f u
GJ u
kd ikd +f yD;
bk&ifah emifppfqifa&;/ &ef}uD;atmifppfqifa&;awGrmS emrnfausm=f um;vmcJw
h hJ Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm
udk wyfrawmfuaez,f&Sm;zdk@ jyifqifvmjcif;jzpfygw,f?
1956 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvxJrSm oD[dk (oD&dvuFm) EdkifiHrSmusif;ywJh omoem (2500) yJGudk
zqyv OuU OD;Ek oGm;wufaewkef;rSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J awmif;qdkcsuft& 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;AaqG
tdrfrSm tpnf;ta0;wckusif;yygw,f? OD;AaqG/ OD;ausmf+idrf;/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;/ wkwfjynfqdkif&m
jrefrmoHtrwf}u;D OD;vSarmifw@kd wufa&muf=uygw,f? Adv
k rf ; }u;D atmif}u;D / Adv
k rf ; }u;D armifarmif/
Adv
k rf ; }uD;=unf0if;/ 'kAv
kd rf ; }uD; cspcf ikd f wd@k yg wufa&muf=uw,fv@kd qykd gw,f? tJ't
D pnf;ta0;rSm
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u Adkvfr;csKyfausmfaZm [m atmifrmCppfqifa&;u zrf;qD;&rdwJh pm&Gufpm
wrf; taxmuftxm;awGt& uGefjrLepfrsm;eJ@ qufoG,faewm oHo,&dSzG,f awG&wJhtwGuf
Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm udk &mxl;uaez,f&mS ;zd@k wifjycJyh gw,f? tpnf;ta0;uoabmwlvu
kd =f uyg
w,f?
tJ'v
D kd Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm udk z,f&mS ;a&;udpP aqG;aEG;+yD;wJah emuf a&mufwwf&m&majym
qdk=u&if;/ OD;vSarmifu OD;Ek 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;jyefr,lbJ wkwfjynfu OuU}uD;armfvdk/ trsKd;om;
acgi;f aqmiftjzpfe@J zqyvOuU tjzpfom xm;&drS ,fq&kd if Edik if t
H wGuf tusK;d yd&k v
Sd rd rhf ,fv@kd ajym
w,f qdkygw,f? OD;AaqGu 'g OD;Ekoabmyg vdk@ajymcJh+yD; usefyk*~dKvftm;vHk;uawmh OD;vSarmif
&J t}uHyajymqdkcsufudk oabmwludufESpfoufcJh=uygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh tJ'Dwkef;u aq;kHwuf
aewJh qd&k ,
S v
f pfacgi;f aqmif ocifwif qD qufvuf&iS ;f jyap+yD;/ OD;Ek oD[v
kd u
f jyefvm&if &Si;f vif;
wifjya&;wm0efudkawmh AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if; eJ@ OD;vSarmif udk wm0efay;tyfcJh=uygw,f?
OD;Ek oD[v
kd u
f jyefvmvd@k r*Fvm'Hak v,mOfuiG ;f av,mOfqu
kd w
f t
hJ cg avqdyrf mS udaewJh
ocifausmfxGef; u av,mOfay:t&ifwufoGm;+yD; OD;Ekudk ta&;ay:udpPwckay:aevdk@ b,foleJ@rS
awGqHjk cif;ryrD aq;ku
H v
kd u
kd v
f m+yD;awGqH&k ef ocifwif u rSm=um;a=umif; owif;yd@k ajym=um;yg
w,f? OD;Ek u ocifausmfxGef;a& bmawGvJ/ pdk;&drfp&mawGrsm;vm; vdk@ jyefar;wJhtcg ocif
ausmfxGef; u ocifwif aq;kHwufae&w,f/ rae@naeu AdkvfcsKyfae0if; eJ@ OD;AaqG wdk@ olqD
vm+yD; OuU}uD; tpdk;&tzJGxJ jyefr0ifatmif wdkufwGef;ay;zdk@ajym=uw,f? OuU}uD;udkvnf;
187
0if;wihfxGef;
OD;AaqG eJ@ AdkvfcsKyfae0if;wdk@ vmawG=uvdrhfOD;r,fvdk@ ocifwifu ajymvdkufygw,f vdk@ ajymyg

w,f?
tJ'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; OD;Ek u 'g OD;ausmf+idrf; vufcsuf vdk@,lqygw,f? 1957 ckESpf
Zefe0g&v
D xJa&muf&if Edik if aH &;uxGuaf wmhr,fv@kd vlo&d iS =f um;a=unmxm;ygvsuef @J tckvv
kd yk f
wmraumif;bl;/ ppfAdkvfudkudkif+yD; oludk+cdrf;ajcmufwmvdk@vnf; rSwf,lcHpm;ygw,f? a'govnf;
t}uD;tus,fxGufygw,f?
'ga=umifh aemufw&uf AdkvfcsKyfae0if; wa,mufxJvmawG+yD; OD;Ek tpdk;&tzJGxJ jyefr
0ifbJ wkwfjynfu OuU}uD;armfvdk zqyvOuUtjzpfeJ@yJ ud;udkifxm;&if aumif;vdrhfr,f
vdk@ ajymjywJhtcg OD;Ek u tpdk;&tzJGxJudkjyef0ifzdk@ rae@uwnf;u qHk;jzwf+yD;+yD/ jyef0ifzdk@twGuf
tvkyftr_aqmiftzJGrSm w}udrfwdkuf&r,f/ v$wfawmfrSm w}udrfwdkuf&r,f/ qdk&S,fvpfawG[m
ESpfqifhpvHk;rSm tm;aumif;wJhtwGuf olH_;rSmbJ/ 'gayr,fh wdkufr,f/ wyGJrSrwdkufbJ tHl;ay;wJh
vrf;pOfudkrudufzl; vdk@ tajzay;vdkufygw,f?
paeae@ tvkyftr_aqmiftzJG tpnf;ta0;rSm ol tpdk;&tzJGxJ jyef0ifr,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf
&mxl; jyef,lr,fvdk@ OD;Ek u a=unmvdkufygawmhw,f? OD;AaqG u udk}uD;Ek tpdk;&tzJGxJ jyef0if
r,fq&kd if jyef0ifyg? usaemfxu
G af y;ygr,f vd@k wnfwnf+idr+f idraf jym+yD; uset
f r_aqmifawGuvnf;
apm'uwufr,fhvlr&dSwJhtwGuf jy\emrwufcJhyg? OD;ausmf+idrf; tpnf;ta0;rwufjzpfyg?
wufjzpf&ifawmh uef@uGufrSmrkcsyJvdk@qdkygw,f?
0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;uae wESpftem;,lr,fqdkwJh OD;Ek/ wESpfrjynfhrD 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;udk jyef
vnf&,lzdk@ vG,fvG,fulul jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
OD;Ek eJ@ OD;ausmf+idrf; =um; wif;rmr_awG ydk}uD;vmygw,f? tjyeftvSefr,Hk=unfr_awG
ydkrsm;vmygw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;vdkvm;olwdk@&J +idrf;csrf;a&;toHawGvnf; ydknHvmygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif;}uD;uvnf; +idrf;csrf;a&;udk tusKd;ywJhpmayrsm;udk a&;om;
=u&ef w&m;0ifq;Hk jzwfxm;+y;D jzpfovd/k pmqdak wmfae@usi;f ywJt
h cgrmS vnf; t&ifEpS af wGueJ@rwlbJ
+ird ;f csr;f a&;udk tav;xm;ar#m&f nfwhJ jyZmwfjyuGuaf wGe@J ya'omuyG}J u;D udk pma&;q&mawGu,
kd f
wdik f okyaf qmifujycJ=h uwJt
h wGuf +idr;f csr;f a&;aw;oHcsKd csKd v$r;f wJh pmqdak wmfv}uD;jzpfapcJyh gw,f?
kyf&Sif/ *Dwynm&Sifrsm;uvnf; +idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf yg0ifulnD tm;jznfh okyfaqmifcJh=uygw,f?
+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf q&mawmf oHCmawmfrsm;uvnf; yg0ifud;yrf; tm;jznfhawmfrlvm
=uygw,f?
jynfckid f ayguaf cgi;f rde,ftwGi;f &Sd q&mawmf oHCmawmf}uD; (24) yg;&J jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpJ
a&;twGuf yef=um;csuv
f nf; xGuaf y:vmcJyh gw,f? r=umrD q&m}uD;ocifu,
kd af wmfri_d ;f &J +idr;f csr;f
a&;yef=um;v$mvnf; xGufay:vmygw,f?
1957 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D (23) &ufae@rSm ajrmufydkif;wdkif;r;tjzpfuae Adkvfr;csKyfausmfaZmudk
&mxl;csxm;vdkufygw,f? ppfbufpnf;rsOf;Oya't&/ tJ'Dae@uae (22) &ufajrmufwJh azazmf0g&D
(13) &ufae@rSm/ ppfbufrlv'kAdkvfr;}uD;&mxl;odk@ avsmhcs+yD;/ rwfv (6) &ufae@rSm t+idrf;pm;ay;
vdkufygw,f?
188
0if;wihfxGef;
Adkvfr;csKyftqifhuae ESpfqifhav#mhcs+yD; 'kAdkvfr;}uD;&mxl;eJ ht+idrf;pm;ay;vdkufwmjzpf

ygw,f? w&m;0ifpmudk {+yDv (9) &ufae@ ae@pGJeJ@ xkwfjyefvdkufygw,f? trdef@pmrSm - vkH;vkH;cs
rSwEf ikd af vmufaom taxmuftxm; jynfjh ynf0h 0r&So
d nfw
h ikd af tmif oHo,ruif;p&mjzpfonf
qdkwm azmfjyxm;+yD;/ wyfrawmfESifh wdkif;jynfwdk@udk tE W&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;rS umuG,f&rnfjzpfonfh
twdik ;f / 'kAv
kd rf ; }uD;ausmaf Zm tm; wyfrawmfwiG f qufvufwm0efray;awmhoif[
h k umuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyfu if;.,lqcsufudk tpD&ifcH&m/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmeu aumfrD&SiftzGJi,fwckjzifh
xyfrHpkHprf; ppfaq;=um;em+yD;aemuf/ OD;pD;csKyf. t}uHay;csuftwdkif;yif vufcHvdkufygonf? [k
ed*kH;csKyf&if; t+idrf;pm;ay;vdkufwmjzpfygw,f? bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;/ &ef}uD;atmifppfqifa&;wdk@&J
ydou
k m/ wkwjf zLusL;ausmo
f al wGukd jywfjywfom;om; &Gy&f yG cf |cH |H wdu
k cf u
kd cf w
hJ phJ pfo}l uD;/ &Jabmfo;Hk
usdyf0if AdkvfausmfaZm [m 'Dvdkenf;eJ@ wyfrawmfuae xGufcGgoGm;&ygawmhw,f? Adkvfae0if;&J
ud;yrf;csuf atmifjrifoGm;ygw,f? ppfwyfxdyfoD; Adkvfae0if; tygt0if/ wyfrawmf t&m&Sd}uD;
tm;vkH;vdkvdk[m qdk&S,fvpfEG,f0ifawGcsnf;om usefawmhwJhtwGuf qdk&S,fvpf}uD;rsm;vnf;
tm;&auseyfc=hJ uygw,f? umuG,af &;0ef}uD;u OD;AaqG/ umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfu Adv
k cf sKyf}uD; ae0if;/
Adv
k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if; vufatmufu wyfrawmfxyd yf ikd ;f acgi;f aqmifawGu/ Adv
k rf ; }u;D atmif}u;D / Adkvfr;
}uD;armifarmif/ Adkvfr;}uD;atmifa&$/ Adkvfr;}uD;=unf0if;/ 'kAdkvfr;}uD;cspfcdkif pwJholawGjzpfygw,f?
Adkvfr;}uD;wifaz eJ@ Adkvfr;}uD;odrf;armif wdk@vnf; ygygw,f?
1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (1) &ufae@rSm OD;Ek 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl; jyefvnfvufcH&,lygw,f? rwfv
(9) &ufae@rSm Auy Adkvfr;cspfaumif;udk &efukefrSmrdygw,f?
1957 rwfv (12) &ufae@ jynfolv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;rSm yrnw twdkuftcHtrwf
rsm;u tpdk;&tay: t,kHt=unfr&Sda=umif;tqdkudk wifoGif;ygw,f? OD;at;armifu tqdkudkwif
oGif;+yD;/ ocifcspfarmif tygt0if trwf (10) OD;u tqdkudk axmufcHaqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
t,kHt=unfr&Sda=umif;tqdkrSm tpdk;&[m jynfolvlxk&J touf tdk;tdrf pnf;pdrfudk
umuG,fay;Edkifjcif;r&Sda=umif;/ tpdk;&&J w&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsufrsm;t&yif 1948 ckESpfuae 1956
ckESpftwGif; w&m;cHrazmfxkwfEdkifaom vlowfr_aygif; (6644) r_/ "m;jyr_ (17004) r_/ jyefay;r_
(1156) r_/ rk'drf;r_ (633) r_ &Sda=umif;/ pm&if;raygufao;wJhtr_rsm;vnf;&Sda=umif;eJ@ 'Dvdk vlowf/
"m;jy/ jyefay;r_rsm;udk w&m;cHazmfxkwfray;Edkifjcif;/ jyLapmxD;tygt0if vufeufudkifwyfrsm;&J
tEdik u
f siAhf v
kd u
f sra_ wGukd ajz&Si;f ray;Edik jf cif;/ jynfwiG ;f aomif;use;f r_jy\emawGukd rajz&Si;f Edik jf cif;
wd@k twGuf tpd;k &rSm wm0ef&adS =umif;eJ@ 'ga=umifh tpd;k &tay: t,kt
H =unfr&St
d qdk wifoiG ;f &jcif;
jzpfa=umif; tcdkiftrm azmfxkwfpGJcsufwifvdkufygw,f?
tqdu
k kd axmufcaH qG;aEG;=uwJh trwfrsm;uvnf;/ ppfwyfuzGJ xm;wJh vufeufuikd f t&H
wyfawGjzpfwJh umuG,fa&; vJAD;/ jyLapmxD;rsm;u &mZ0wfr_tzkHzkHudk usL;vGefcJh=ua=umif;/
'ga=umifh ppfwyfrmS wm0ef&adS =umif;udv
k nf; azmfxw
k w
f ifjycJ=h uygw,f? qd&k ,
S v
f pfacgi;f aqmifawG
udkvnf; a0zefcJh=uygw,f?
csuu
f svufus axmufjya0zef+y;D tqdu
k kd tcdik t
f rm wifEikd cf =hJ uayr,f/h zqyv tiftm;u
tqrwef}uD;wJhtwGuf tqdkudk rJcGJwJhtcg tqdk[m _H;edrfhoGm;&ygw,f? _H;edrhfoGm;cJh&ayr,fh/
189
0if;wihfxGef;
'Dtqdk[m tm%mudk wav#mufvkH;udkifpGJvmcJhwJh zqyv tpdk;&tay: t,kHt=unfr&Sda=umif;

wifoGif;cJhwJh yxrqkH;aomtqdktjzpf ordkif;rSwfwrf;0ifjzpfoGm;cJh&ygw,f?
'Dvkd v$waf wmfwiG ;f wdu
k yf rJG ay:cif wywftuGm/ rwfv (6) &ufae@wek ;f uyJ 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ek
[m +idrf;csr;fa&;eJ@ywfoufwJhrdef@cGef;wck ay;oGm;cJhygw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&; wu,f&r,fqdk&if/ &mZ
tdajEyN hJ rHk uvdk h a=urGomG ;ygap aphpyf+y;D wm=umyg+y/D vufeufcsvmcJyh g/ w&m;Oya't&awmh ta&;
,l&vdrfhr,f? raoap&/ oufnmpGmpOf;pm;r,f? pdwfcs&wJhtcg w&m;oif;a=unmr,f/ EdkifiHa&;
nO;f yef;r_r&Sad p& qdw
k hJ rde@f ceG ;f jzpfygw,f? q&m}u;D ocifu,
kd af wmfri_d ;f &J olrom ud,
k rf em +ird ;f csr;f
a&;yef=um;v$m xGuaf y:vm+yD;wJah emuf/ q&m}uD;yef=um;v$mtay: owif;pm}uD;awGtygt0if
EdkifiHw0Sef;u axmufcHvm=u+yD;wJhaemuf/ OD;Ek rdef@cGef;xGufay:vmwmjzpfygw,f? q&m}uD;&J
olromudk,frem +idrf;csrf;a&;rleJ@,SOf+yD;xGufvmcJhwJh tpdk;&tzGJ 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek &J +idrf;csrf;a&;rlvdk@
yJajym&ygvrd rhf ,f? acgi;f rmqd&k ,
S v
f pf}uD;rsm;uawmh/ ocifp;kd -ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k [m aphpyfajz&Si;f
a&;udk ,kHwJhvlawGr[kwf/ aphpyfa&;udk y&d,m,fvkyfaewmomjzpfw,f/ +idrf;csrf;a&;udk wu,fvdk
vm;wJholawGr[kwf vdk@ wdk;wdk;wzkH us,fus,fwrsdK;ajymqdk&if; aphpyfa&;udk qef@usif=uygw,f?
q&m}uD;rdi_ ;f OD;aqmifwhJ (8) OD;aumfrw
D u
D jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;tzGJ }uD;zGJ +yD; aqmif&u
G &f if;/
q&m}uD;&J olrom udk,frem oifykef;acsenf;ESifh ppfruf&yfpJ+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;udk,l=u&ef qdkwJh
+idrf;csrf;a&;rludk bmoma&;tzGJtpnf;rsm;ua&m/ vlrsdK;pkeJ@ vlwef;pm;tzGJtpnf;rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;
tzGJtpnf;rsm;uyg twdtvif; axmufcHv_yf&Sm;vm=uygw,f?
tpdk;&&J +idrf;csrf;a&;rleJ hArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J +idrf;csrf;a&;rl (wenf;tm;jzifh) tpdk;&udk
vufeufudkifawmfvSefae=uolrsm;&J +idrf;csrf;a&;rlqdk+yD;/ rl (2) rl twdtvif;uGJjym;ae&mu
q&m}uD;rd_if;&J olrom udk,frem +idrf;csrf;a&;rl xGufay:vmcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
tpdk;& &J rlu vufeufudkifaomif;usef;oltm;vkH; vufeufcs/ oufnmpGmpOf;pm;r,f
qdkwJh vufeufcsa&;rljzpf+yD;/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD u wifjywJhrl - vufeufudkifawmfvSefaeol
rsm;&Jrlu awGqkHaqG;aEG;vdkw,f/ awGqkHaqG;aEG;=u+yD; jynfwGif;ppf}uD;udk &yfpJoGm;=uzdk@ qdkwJh
awGqkHaqG;aEG; aphpyfa&;rl jzpfygw,f? q&m}uD;rd_if; OD;aqmifwJh jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; (8) OD;
aumfrDwD&Jrlu olrom udk,fremwJhenf;eJ@ oifykef;acs=u+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;udk t&,l=ua&;rl/
oifyek ;f acsa&;rljzpfygw,f? vufeufcsa&;rle@J aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;rlt=um;/ uGjJ ym;uGm[aer_uq
kd +JG yD;
&if=um;aphay;vdu
k w
f rhJ /l w&m;ojzifjh zpfatmif wHwm;xd;k ay;vdu
k w
f rhJ jl zpfygw,f? oifyek ;f acs=ua&;
jzpfygw,f?
q&m}uD;&Jrludk w&m;r#wwJhrltjzpf wjynfvkH;u 0dkif;0ef;axmufcHtm;ay;=uayr,fh/
qdk&S,fvpf}uD;rsm;eJ@ ppfwyfu wpufuav;rS rudufESpfoufEdkifcJh=uyg?
q&m}u;D ocifu,
kd af wmfri_d ;f &J +ird ;f csr;f a&;rlukd axmufcv
H v
kd m;olrsm;u &efuek f rd vk;H u|wf
+idrf;csrf;a&;qENjyyGJ}uD; usif;yyvkyfr,fvdk@ a=unmvdkufwJhtcg +idrf;csrf;a&;rvdkvm;EdkifolawGu
+idrf;csrf;a&;qENudk zsufqD;zdk@/ +idrf;csrf;a&;udk oa&mfavSmifajymifzdk@ vufeufudkifawmfvSefae=uol
awGu rD;&xm; wHwm;vrf;rsm; csKd ;zsuaf ewJh "mwfy}Hk uD;rsm;udk / 'gvm;+idr;f csr;f a&; qdw
k hJ pmwrf;
xdk;+yD;/ wwdkif;jynfvkH; yvlysHatmif jzef@a0vdkuf=uygw,f? 'gvm;+idrf;csrf;a&; &J zefwD;&Sifrsm;u
190
0if;wihfxGef;
awmh/ pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;Xmeu yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;jzpfygw,f? ppfwyfuae zefw;D azmfxw

k cf w
hJ mjzpfyg
w,f? ppfwyf[m pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;Xmeqdw
k mudk oD;oef@zJG pnf;xm;+yD; ppfwyf&J ppfqifa&;wdik ;f
rSm wGJzufyg0ifaqmif&GufapcJhovdk/ jynfolvlxk=um;u v_yf&Sm;r_awGtwGif;rSmvnf; wm0efay;
aqmif&u
G af pcJyh gw,f? pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;vkyif ef;rsm; us,u
f s,jf yef@jyef@ ydrk v
kd yk u
f ikd Ef ikd zf @kd tar&duef
EdkifiHudk oifwef;ydk@v$wfcJhwmawGvnf;&Sdygw,f?
atmifrmCxd;k ppf}uD;tjyif wGzJ ufppfqifa&;awGe@J yg woDwwef;}uD; qufvufx;kd ppfqif
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tpdk;& rl/ vufeufeJ@'Drdkua&pDvJvS,fa&; rleJ@ Adkvfvufsm rlawGu tESpfom&tm;jzifh
vufeufcsvma&;rlawGjzpfygw,f? Auy rl eJ@ yrnw rlu awGqkHaqG;aEG;a&;rljzpfygw,f?
q&m}uD;&J rlu olromud,
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193
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bufu a&Saevdkufxm;wJh rl/ awmwGif;olykefrsm;udk rsufESmomay;xm;wJh rlvdk@ cH,loabmxm;
ygw,f? qef@usifuef@uGuf _wfcswmawGvkyfygw,f? tywfwdkufa&;orm;rsm;tzdk@ aphpyfa&;udk
vnf; rvdkvm;ovdk/ oifykef;acsa&;udkvnf; b,fvdkenf;eJ@rS vufrcHEdkifyg?
vlxkaxmufcHr_&zdk@ enf;vrf;&SmazGae&wJh OD;Ek uawmh vufeufcsvma&;rludk udkifpGJxm;
&if;u qef@usifzufuvmaewJh +idrf;csrf;a&;toHawGudkvnf; em;pGifh&if;/ qdk&S,fvpf}uD;rsm;vdk
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(wuo) uvnf; oef@&Sif;zqyv udkom axmufcHa=umif; a=unmcJh=uygw,f? qdk&S,fvpfawG
zGJpnf;ay;cJh=uwJh 'Dtuf(p)tdkeJ@ &Jacgifuawmh aqG+idrf;udk axmufcHcJh=uygw,f?
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&Sdw,f/ toufab;udk owdxm;pOf;pm;+yD;rSvkyfvdk@ qdk&S,fvpf tvkyform;u +cdrf;ajcmufwmrsdK;/
OD;Ek axmufcw
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rE Wav;udk c&D;xGufygw,f? rE Wav;rSm Adkvfrif;acgifu uGefjrLepfygwD zqyv tzGJ}uD;xJu
txkwcf &H wm/ awmxJarmif;yd@k v@kd awmcd&k wm OD;ausm+f idr;f npfywf uvdeu
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207
0if;wihfxGef;
wyfajymvdk@ r&Edkifatmif jzpfaecJhygw,f?

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rwlatmif udq=kd u {nfch =H u tydit
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=uygw,f?
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a0;}uD; pwifygw,f?
aqG+idr;f bufu t,Ht
k =unfr&Sd tqdw
k ifoiG ;f rSmjzpfwt
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tzGJ0iftjzpfuae vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;eJ@tnD E_wfxGuf=uygw,f?
E_wfxGufwJh 0ef}uD;awGxJrSm u&ifjynfe,f 0ef}uD; a'gufwmapmvSxGef;eJ@ ucsifjynfe,f
0ef}uD; OD;Zefxm;qifwdk@ yg0ifwJhtwGuf 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Eku u&ifjynfe,f 0ef}uD;tjzpf OD;apmvlvl/
ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;tjzpf 'l;0g;aZmf&pf wdk@udk cef@xm;vdkufygw,f? zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'
rSm owfrSwfxm;wJh oufqdkif&mjynfe,faumifpDeJ@ ndEd_if;wdkifyif&efqdkwmudk raqmif&GufbJ cef@
xm;cJhw,fqdkygw,f?
ZGefv (5) &ufae@ tpnf;ta0;rSm ygvDref OuUu ygvDrefvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;eJ@tnD/
OD;AaqG &J Ek-wif tpdk;&tay: t,Hkt=unfr&Sd tqdk udk cGifhy+yD;/ tqdkudk wifoGif;zdk@eJ@ rJcGJqHk;
jzwfzdk@ ZGefv (9) &ufae@udk owfrSwfay;vdkufygw,f?
ZGefv (9) &ufae@[m wjynfvHk; v$wfawmfwuf=uwJhae@ jzpfoGm;ygw,f? a&'D,dkuae
v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;}uD; usi;f yyH/k tqdw
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208
0if;wihfxGef;
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vdk@vnf; pGJcsufwifygw,f?
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qefqef vkyfaqmifcJhw,f? OD;Ektpdk;&[m yrnw ud;qGJ&mu&r,fh kyfao;tpdk;&rsdK;jzpfw,f?
kH ajccHOya'udk puULpkwjf zpfatmif vkyyf pfaew,fqw
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puULpkwfjzpfatmifvkyfvdkufw,f qdkwJh aumufcsufyJjzpfygw,f? jynfe,f0ef}uD;awGcef@xm;wJh
udprP mS b,fou
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omru awmxJtxdarmif;yd@k cw
hJ hJ vky&f yfrsKd ;[m zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
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f yk f w
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dy_ pfcw
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f efqef usio
hf ;kH wmavmufuakd wmif rcHr&yfEikd jf zpf+yD;
pGJcsufwifjyaeovdk jzpfaecJhygw,f?
OD;AaqG &J t,Ht
k =unfr&St
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k kd axmufco
H l uef@uu
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v$wfawmfxHk;wrf;pOfvmeJ@tnD tydiftqdkif aqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
OD;ausmf+idrf;/ ocifpHjrifh/ OD;cifarmifvwf wdk@u axmufcHaqG;aEG;=u+yD;/ OD;zdk;r_H/ OD;b+idrf;/
ocifwif/ 'l;0g;aZmf&pf wdk@u uef@uGufaqG;aEG;=uygw,f? v$wfawmfwGif; pum;ppfxdk;yGJ}uD; +yD;qHk;
wJhaemuf rJcGJqHk;jzwfzdk@ pwifygw,f?
v$wfawmftrwf (248) OD;&SdwJhteuf (246) OD;rJay;&rSmjzpfygw,f? v$wfawmfOuUu
rJray;bJ =um;ae&rSmjzpfovdk/ rtlyiftrwf OD;bOD;uvnf; E_wfxGufv$mwifoGif;+yD; jzpfoGm;wJh
twGuf rJay;cGifh r&awmhbl;jzpfoGm;ygw,f? OD;bOD;u E_wfxGufv$mwifpm ay;ydk@+yD;wJhaemuf
tcsdefrD kwfodrf;v$mwifcJhao;ayr,fh kwfodrf;v$mu xGufpmt&if (2) em&Davmuf apma&mufcJh
209
0if;wihfxGef;
ayr,fh E_wfxGufv$mudkyJ w&m;0iftjzpf todtrSwfyvdkufwJhtwGuf rJay;EdkifcGifhr&SdawmhbJ E_wf

xGuv
f u
kd +f yD; jzpfomG ;ygw,f?
rJay;Edkifol v$wfawmftrwf (246) OD; rJay;+yD;wJhaemuf rJawGudk pwifa&wGufwJh tcg
nae (6) em&D (19) rdepf&Sd+yDjzpfygw,f?
yrnw u rJawGtm;vHk;udk Ek-wif oef@&Sif;udkyJ yHk+yD;atmzdk@ vkyfygw,f? 'gawmif
wu,frJay;=uwJhtcgusawmh ppfudkif;u yrnw trwf OD;azwif u azmufoGm;cJh+yD; Ekwif
tpm; aqG+idrf;udk ay;oGm;wJhtwGuf wrJavsmhoGm;cJhygw,f? xGufay:vmcJhwJh rJ&vm'fuawmh
a[m'Dvdk jzpfygw,f?
(Ek-wifrJ)
(aqG-+idrf;rJ)
zqyvtzGJ@
yrnwtzGJ
&wn
&Srf;
ucsif
csi;f
u,m;
u&if
51
44
6
16
3
3
2
2
97
1
0
9
4
3
0
5
pk p k a ygif ; &rJ
127
119
oef@&Sif; zqyv jzpfwJh Ek-wifu(127)rJ&+yD; wnf+rJ aqG-+idrf;u (119) rJ &wJhtwGuf

(8) rJxJeJ@ Ek-wifu tompD;&EdkifoGm;&ygw,f? aqG+idrf;&J tpdk;&tay: t,Hkt=unfr&Sdtqdk
H_;edrfhoGm;cJh+yD; Ekwif tEdkif&vdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
H;_ edro
hf mG ;&wJh OD;AaqGe@J OD;ausm+f idr;f [m tEdik &f oGm;wJh OD;Eke@J ocifwifukd vufqEJG w
_ q
f uf
vdkufygw,f? yH;yH;&$if&$ifeJ@ vufqGJE_wfqufvdkufayr,fh tyH;&JaemufrSm trkef;awGvm ae+yDqdk
wmudak wmh jrif&oltm;vH;k u oabmayguv
f u
kd =f uygw,f? bmyJjzpfjzpf Ek-wif oef@&iS ;f tEdik &f
wJhtwGuf jynfolvlxk}uD;w&yfvHk;uawmh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfoGm;cJh=uygw,f? ppfwyfwGif;u
aqG+idrf;vdkvm;olawGuawmh rcHcsdrcHomjzpfoGm;cJh&ygw,f?
OD;Eku tpdk;&tzGJudk jyifzGJygw,f? yrnw rJ (44) rJeJ@ tEkdif&cJhwmjzpfwJhtwGuf yrnw
u OD;at;armifudk w&m;a&;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef@tyfygw,f? &cdkiftrwf (6) OD;xJu (3) OD;udkvnf;
0ef}uD;ae&may;ygw,f?
oef@&iS ;f tpd;k &vufxufrmS umuG,af &;0ef}u;D [m Adv
k rf ; atmif jzpfvmygw,f? wyfrawmf
udk xdef;odrf;Edkifrvm; ar#mfvifhcsufeJ@ &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifa[mif; Adkvfr;atmifudk cef@tyfwmjzpfyg
210
0if;wihfxGef;
w,f? jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;u Adkvfrif;acgif jzpfvmygw,f? Adkvfr;atmif [m umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;jzpf

vmcJhayr,fh AdkvfcsKyfae0if; wa,mufwnf;&J wvufudkifvHk;vHk; jzpfvmcJhwJh wyfrawmftay:
=oZmr&SdbJ jzpfaecJhygw,f?
wnf+rJaqG+idrf; H_;edrfhcJh&r_tay: aqGaqGckef rcHr&yfEdkifjzpf&oluawmh ajrmufydkif;wdkif;u
wyfr[mr; Adkvfr;}uD; =unf0if; jzpfygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD; =unf0if; [m wnf+rJ OD;AaqG&J r,m;nD
tudak wmfov
l nf; jzpfygw,f? Adv
k rf ; }uD; =unf0if;u oef@&iS ;f awG zdv@kd v$waf wmfrmS (8) rJ;_H Hek @J
OD;AaqG wdk@ tjyifawmif rxGuf&J jzpfae+yD/ oef@&Sif;tpdk;&udk wyfuvufeufeJ@ zwfcsypf&r,fvdk@
a=unmajymqdk v_y&f mS ;vmygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;udak wmif wifjycGiahf wmif;w,fqykd gw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf
ae0if; u uu
d Ef pS o
f ufayr,fh bmrSrajymao;ovdk wm;jrpf[ef@wm;wmvnf; rvkycf v
hJ @kd qdyk gw,f?
Adv
k rf ; }u;D =unf0if; u ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f wdik ;f r;Adv
k rf ; csKyaf tmifa&$/ ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfO;D pD;r; (yxrwef;)
Adkvfr;}uD;cspfcdkif wdk@eJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; wyfu tm%modrf;a&;udk jyifqifpdkif;jyif;cJhw,fqdkygw,f?
wyfudk tm%modrf;zdk@ aoG;wdk; ajrmufyifhay;olawGvnf; tcsdefudkufay:vmcJhygw,f?
ZGev
f (9) &ufae@ oef@&iS ;f tpd;k & tm%m&vm+y;D wJah emuf (13) &uft=um ZGev
f (22) &ufae@rmS yJ
ocifApdefacgif;aqmifwJh 'Drdku&ufwpftzGJcsKyfu nDvmcHvkyf+yD; Armhwyfrawmfu OD;pD;I
uGefjrLepfr[kwfaom v$wfawmftwGif;tjyif&Sd ygwDaygif;pHkyg0ifaom ,m,DtrsdK;om; tdrfapmifh
tpdk;&zGJpnf;&ef awmif;qdkygw,f? EdkifiHa&;aoae+yDjzpfwJh ocifApdef [m olyg yg0ifcGifh&EdkifwJh
tdraf pmift
h pd;k &w&yf ay:ayguaf tmif ppfwyfukd t}uaH y;vdu
k w
f o
hJ abmjzpfygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;
[m r=umao;wJhwcsdefu ol&J taE W0godum jzpfcJhbl;awmh olwdk@&J xGef;tkyfApdef ocif*dk%f;0if
jzpfczhJ ;l awmh ar#mv
f ifch sux
f m;+yD; awmif;qdv
k u
kd w
f mjzpfygw,f? Adv
k af e0if;u bmtoHrS jyefray;bJ
tajctaeudkom tqufrjywf tuJcwf=unfhaecJhygw,f?
jynfolvlxk&J OD;Ek tpdk;&tay: +idrf;csrf;a&;ar#mfvifhcsufuawmh 'Da&tvm; wufvmae
ygw,f? OD;Ek &J ay:vpD (4) &yftay: wpHkw&m ar#mfvifh&if; a'gifhwkdif; a'gifhwdkif;uae +idrf;csrf;a&;
qENawGudk azmfxkwfjyoae=uygw,f?
rD;&xm;tvkyo
f rm;tpnf;tH;k rsm; tzGJ csKyfuvnf; q&m}u;D ocifu,
kd af wmfri_d ;f &J rlt&
rsuEf mS pHn
k aD qG;aEG;a&;eJ@ oifyek ;f acsa&;udk tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfazmfay;zd@k / twdu
k t
f cdu
k af wG
&yfpJay;=uzdk@ awmif;qdkwGef;tm;ay;ygw,f?
oef@&Sif;wnf+rJ ydyuQawGuvnf; ydkrdkus,fjyef@vmygw,f? EdkifiHa&;tuGJt+yJ[m e,f
y,faygif;pHkudk *,ufdkufaecJhygw,f?
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t&m&Sd}uD;rsm; cdkif&J0efrsm;u oabmwlqHk;jzwfcJh=uygw,f?
215
0if;wihfxGef;
OD;Ek tdr0f if;twGi;f rSmusi;f ywJh oef@&iS ;f zqyv nDvmcH 'kw,

d ajrmufae@rmS awmh zqyv
nDvmcH 'kwdajrmufae@rSmawmh zqyv oef@&Sif;e,f udk,fpm;vS,fawGu rdjytkyfcsKyfa&; wm0ef
&SdoltcsdKeJ@ wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD;wcsdK[m aqG+idrf; tkyfpkbufuae bufvdkuf aqmif&Gufae=u
a=umif;/ tJ'v
D akd qmif&u
G af e=uolawGukd wjcm;ae&mrsm;od@k ajymif;a&$ay;zd@k wyfrawmf t&m&S}d uD;
awG&J trnfemrawGyg xkwfazmf+yD; jypfwif_wfcs awmif;qdkr_awG yvkyfcJh=uygw,f? [Hom0wD
cdkifbufu oef@&Sif;udk,fpm;vS,fuqdk&if wyfrawmf[m jynfolawG&J trSwfwpf&efoljzpfw,f
vd@k awmif a=unmajymqdw
k mawG ay:aygucf yhJ gw,f? wyfrawmfbufu qwfqwfxrd cHjzpfcyhJ gw,f?
tJ'DvdkajymqdkcsufawGtwGuf pGyfpGJajymqdkolawGudk ta&;,lay;zdk@ wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifwcsdKu
pufwifbm (3) &ufrSm OD;EkqD oGm;a&mufwdkifwef; ajymqdkcJh=uygw,f?
OD;Eku tJ'v
D kd pGypf aJG jymqdrk a_ wGukd olrod&a=umif; jiif;qdck o
hJ vd/k pufwifbm (4) &ufae@rmS
wyfrawmfudk avajyxdk;&if; toHv$ifh ajz&Sif;cJhygw,f?
ajymwJhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;[m tajctaetjzpfrSefudk rodI jzpfoGm;&yga=umif;/ wyfr
awmf[m wdik ;f jynftay: xm0pOfopPm&Scd yhJ ga=umif;/ olyek af b;&efa=umifh wdik ;f jynf acsmufxu
J s&ef
vufESpfvHk;cef@ tvdk&SdcJh&mrS wyfrawmfu ud;yrf;Iom ab;&eftaygif;udk atmifjrifcJhonfrSm
txift&Sm;jzpfyga=umif; vdk@acsmhcJhygw,f?
'gayr,fh tpuwnf;u Ekwif xuf aqG+idrf; udk vdkvm;cJh=uolrsm;/ wnf+rJ oHa,mZOf
ydk}uD;cJh=uolrsm;/ aqG+idrf; eJ@om EdkifiHa&;&yfwnfcsuf xyfwljzpfcJh=uolrsm;[m wyfwGif;xdyfydkif;rSm
tHek @J usi;f eJ@&adS ecJ=h u+y;D jzpfwt
hJ wGuf OD;Ek &J avajyxd;k acsmjh rLr_[m t&ma&mufEikd pf rG ;f r&S&d o
kH mru/
olwdk@&J ppfaoG;ppfrmef ppfrD;v#Hudk ydkrdkjyif;xefvmatmif ,yfcwfay;vdkufovdk om&SdcJhygw,f?
avajyxdk;oH[m Adef;armif;oHudk ausmfv$m; zHk;v$rf;Edkifjcif;r&SdcJhyg?
acgif;rm*dk%f;om; ppfrmef}uD;olwdk@&J tjrifrSm oef@&Sif; zqyv tpdk;&[m olykefawGudk
tav#mhay;vGef;w,f/ olykefawGudk oifykef;acs vGwf+idrf;cGifhawGay;+yD;/ Oya'abmiftwGif; qGJoGif;
vufcH udqakd ewm[mvnf; ppfwyftwGuf tE &W m,f&v
dS mEdik w
f ,fv@kd jrifygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh
tywfwu
kd af &; avoHtpm; +idr;f csr;f a&;avoHay;vmwmudk rESpo
f ufEikd jf cif;/ olyek af wGukd Oya'
abmiftwGi;f a&mufvmap+yD; w&m;0if &yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;vmrSmudk eJeaJ v;rS r_prd Ehf ikd jf cif;/ ppfwyf&J
tcef;u wjznf;jznf; arS;rSdefavsmhyg;oGm;&rSmudkvnf; vufrcHEdkifjcif;wdk@a=umifhjzpfygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk rauseyfEdkifr_ r_pdrfhEdkifr_ tjzpfrcHEdkifr_}uD;awGudk twGif;}udwf&ifxJxm;+yD;/ OD;Ek tpdk;&&J
jynfe,f0ef}uD; cef@xm;enf;udpP/ bwf*suftpnf;ta0;udk zsufodrf;jcif;udpPawG[m zGJpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHktajccHOya'udk csdK;azmufaewmtjzpf vuf!dk;xdk;jy+yD; OD;Ek udk z,f&Sm;ypfcsifaecJh=uwm
jzpfygw,f?
H_;edrfhcJhwJhtwGuf rausEdkif rcsrf;EdkifjzpfaecJh&wJh wnf+rJuvnf; OD;Ek &J vkyfaqmifcsuf
awG[m zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'eJ@ qef@usifaew,fqdkwmudk ta=umif;y+yD; tm%modrf;zdk@
ppfwyfudk wdkufwGef;tm;ay;ygw,f?
ppfwyf[m vHkavmufwJh tiftm;pkwckjzpfae+yD/ tcdkiftrm wdk;csJwnfaqmufxm;wJh
tzGJ tpnf;}uD;w&yf jzpfae+yDqw
kd mudv
k nf; rSwx
f ifqyk u
f ikd cf ,
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hJ wGuf ppfwyfu
216
0if;wihfxGef;
tm%modrf;,la&;pdwful;[m ppfwyfxdyfoD;}uD; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&J&ifxJrSm eufeufd_if;d_if;jzpf

wnfvmcJh+yDjzpfygw,f? Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; wdk@[m ppfwyfu tm%modrf;
,la&; Zmwfvrf;twGuf t"du ta&;}uD;Zmwfaqmif}uD;awG jzpfvmcJh=uygw,f?
oef@&iS ;f zqyv bufuvnf; wyfrawmfwiG ;f u ppfwyfxyd o
f ;D }uD;awG[m aqG+idr;f buf
awmfom;awG/ aqG+idrf; oHa,mZOf&SdolawGvkd@ em;vnfodjrif,lqxm;+yD;+yD jzpfygw,f?
OD;Ek &J zqyv oef@&Sif;tpdk;&[m ygvDrefudk pufwifbm (29) &ufae@rSm zsufodrf;+yD;/
bwf*suu
f kd orw trde@f e@J pufwifbm (30) &ufae@rmS jymef;um taxGaxGa&G;aumufyo
JG pfukd
Edk0ifbmvtwGif; usif;yay;r,fvdk@ pufwifbm (22) &ufae@rSm qHk;jzwfvdkufygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk oef@&Sif;zqyv u rqHk;jzwfcifuav;rSmbJ ppfwyfu tm%modrf;,la&;twGuf
qdk&S,fvpfygwD xdyfoD;}uD;awGjzpfcJh=uwJh vuf&SdwyfwGif; xdyfoD;wcsdKu olwdk@&J ppfwyftm%m
odrf;,la&;tpDtpOfudk tcdkiftrm pDpOfa&;qJG qHk;jzwfxm;+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
ajrmufydkif;wdkif; wdkif;r; Adkvfr;csKyfatmifa&$/ ajrmufydkif;wdkif; ppfOD;pD;r; Adkvfr;}uD;cspfcdkif/
ajrmufydkif;wdkif; wyfr[mr; Adkvfr;}uD; =unf0if; wdk@ yl;aygif;a&;qGJxm;wJh tpDtpOfu uGwfcdkifrSm
wyfp+JG yD; ppfqifa&;0ifaewJh trSwf (4) aoewfuikd w
f yf&if;eJ@ weoFm&Du cr& (106) udk toH;k yzd@k
qH;k jzwfxm;w,fqykd gw,f? wyf&if;r;trde@f e@J wyf&if; (4) udk uGwcf ikd u
f ae csyo
f if; tjrefajymif;+yD;
jrpf}uD;em;&xm;eJ@ rE aW v;udk csaD pzd@k / rE aW v;rSm w&ufxm;/ wyfom;udik v
f ufeufawGukd rdwGi;f
wdu
k yf o
JG ;kH vufeufawGe@J vJv,
S +f yD; wyfqifapzd@k / aemufae@ wdik ;f r;uac: +yD; &efuek af jryHx
k w
k af y;
um pufwifbm (27) ta&muf &efukefudk csDapzdk@/ ajryHkay:rSm rSifeD0dkif;jyxm;wJh 0ef}uD;csKyftdrfeJ@
wjcm;0ef}uD;awG tdrfudk0dkif;+yD; zrf;qD;zdk@vdk@qdkygw,f? wduswJh ppfqifa&;tpDtpOfudk tao;pdwf
a&;qGJ !ef=um;xm;w,fqdkygw,f? tJ'DtpDtpOfudk ppfHk;udkvnf; wifxm;w,fqdkygw,f?
tm%modrf;a&;tpDtpOfudk Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif u Adkvfr;}uD;atmif}uD;/ Adkvfr;}uD;
cif!kd wd@k ukd pufwifbm (20) &ufrmS tif;,m;vrf;&Sd oltdrrf mS ac:,l&iS ;f jyw,fqykd gw,f? (21)
&ufrmS qufaqG;aEG;+yD; oabmwl=uygw,f? awmifyikd ;f wdik ;f wdik ;f r; Adv
k rf ; }uD; bvdwf wOD;wnf;
uyJ uef@uGufcJhw,fqdkygw,f?
wyf&if; (106) u tif;pdefe,fajrudk odrf;zdk@ (107) (108) u &efukefudk wyfjzef@+yD;odrf;zdk@
pDpOfcJh=uygw,f? tJ'DtpDtpOftao;pdwfudk tao;pdwf tpD&ifrcHapumrl oludkifxm;wJh ppf
axmufvSrf;a&;uwqifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; odaecJhygw,f? tm;vHk;udk v$wfay;xm;+yD; vufydkuf
=unfhaecJhygw,f?
zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk csdK;azmufw,fqdkwJh ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ tm%modrf;zdk@
ppfwyfudk wnf+rJu wdkufwGef;wma=umifha&m/ ppfwyfu tm%modrf;Edkifw,fqdkwJh owif;awG
xGufay:vmwma=umifhyg oef@&Sif;tpdk;&bufu jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; Adkvfrif;acgif uvnf; jyifqifr_
awGyvkyfygw,f? Adkvfrif;acgif &J jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;Xme vufatmufrSm ppf&Jwyf&if; (20) ausmf
&SdwJhteuf wyf&if; (6) ck (7) ck[m Adkvfrif;acgif=oZm&SdwJh ppf&Jwyf&if;awGjzpfw,fqdkygw,f?
Adkvfrif;acgifu =oZm&SdwJh ppf&Jwyf&if; wcsKdudk &efukefrdem;ac:,lzdk@ ud;pm;ygw,f?
217
0if;wihfxGef;
tm%modrf;wyfu rE Wav;&Sd ppf&Jwyfudk uGyfuJwJh Adkvfr;}uD;udk zrf;qD;vdkufwJhtcg

ppf&w
J yf OD;pD;jzpfwhJ Adv
k rf if;acgif owif;=um;od+y;D / csucf si;f yJ jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D ocifyef;rid f eJ@twl
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;qD oGm;awGygw,f? tm%modr;f tpDtpOfukd wm;ay;zd@k wdik =f um;ajymqdyk gw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u olwdk@'DavmufvkyfEdkifr,f rxifygbl; apmifh=unfhygOD; vkd@ajymw,fqdkygw,f?
Adkvfae0if; ajAmifvdrfaerSef;odwJhtwGuf Adkvfrif;acgifu jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;taeeJ@ e,f&Sd ppf&Jwyf
wcsdKudk &efukefvmzdk@ trdef@xkwfac:,lygw,f? ppf&Jvufeufwdkufu vufeufawGudkvnf; xkwf
,lygw,f? xkw,
f &l &Sw
d hJ vufeufawGu ppfwyftiftm;eJ@ E_id ;f ,SO=f unfrh ,fq&kd if rjzpfpavmufyJ
&Sdygw,f? 2 vufrpdefajymif; (6) vuf/ b&if;*ef; (8) vuf/ pwif;*ef; (29) vuf/ dkifz,f (145)
vuf/ ajcmufv;kH jyL; (6) vuf/ avmifcsmtrfEikd ;f at0rf (6) vuf/ vufypfA;kH (289) vH;k eJ@ usnq
f H
(23600) yJ &Sdygw,f?
0ef}uD;csKyfudk,fwdkifu vHkcHa&;ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ vlrsdK;pkawGyg0ifwJh ppf&Jwyf&if; wcsdKudk
&efukefrdudk v$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ t}uHywmudkvnf; ppfwyfu enf;AsL[meJ@ ppfqifa&;qdkif&m
ta=umif;jy+y;D uef@uu
G yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh oef@&iS ;f zqyv acgi;f aqmifawGu vufa&G;pif ysLapmxD;
wyfzGJwcsdKudk &efukefrdudk ac:,l+yD; ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfvm&if toHk;yzdk@ pDpOfxm;ygw,f?
v,f,m opfawm0ef}uD; ocifausmfxGef; &J opfawmumuG,fa&;wyfzGJawGudk wyfvSef@xm;yg
w,f? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wyfeJ@ jynfol&JabmfygwD0ifawGudkvnf; ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf
toifhjyifqifxm;apcJhygw,f?
wyfrawmfe@J oef@&iS ;f zqyv tpd;k &&JtpDtpOfawG[m xdyw
f u
kd o
f abmaqmifvmygw,f?
ppfwyfu tm%modr;f zd@k }uHpnfjyifqifae+yDqw
kd t
hJ oHawG vlx=k um;txd ysH ES@H vmovd/k zqyv
oef@&Sif;tpdk;&bufu jzpfEdkifor# vlolvufeuf pkaqmif;jyifqif aqmif&GufvmwmawGvnf;
xifxif&mS ;&Sm;jzpfay:vmcJyh gw,f? tJ'w
D ek ;f u taetxm;udk taxmufawmftek ;f jrifv
h kd yk*Kd~ vfu
cufzG,f&,fuHygw,f? vufeufu,fpHktnDeJ@ vdk@ a&;om;ygw,f?
wyfrawmfwGif;u ppfwyfxdyfoD;}uD;wcsdKu ppfwyftm%modrf;a&;tpDtpOfudk a&;qGJ
pDpOf aqmif&u
G =f uwmvnf; trSew
f u,fjzpfay:cJo
h vd/k oef@&iS ;f zqyv acgi;f aqmifrsm;u ppfwyf
&J ajcvSr;f rsm;udk tcsed rf w
D m;qD;umuG,f wke@jf yefEikd zf @kd vw
kd ,fv@kd odjrif+yD; vdt
k yfwhJ jyifqifaqmif
&Gufr_awGudk vkyfudkifzdk@ pDpOf=uwmvnf; trSefyJjzpfcJhygw,f?
(8) rJxeJ @J uyf;_H cJ&h wJh wnf+rzJ qyv uvnf; rpm;&wJt
h rJ oJe@J yufovdk zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfykH
tajccHOya'udk csKd ;azmufaew,fqw
kd mta=umif;jy+y;D tm%mudo
k rd ;f ,lvu
kd zf @kd ppfwyfukd wdu
k w
f eG ;f
tm;ay;tm;ajrmufvkyfaecJhygw,f?
pufwifbm (22) &ufae@rmS wyfrawmfu vufeufuikd w
f yfzJG rsm;&J v_y&f mS ;r_awGukd wm;qD;
umuG,fzdk@qdkwJh ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ pwifv_yf&Sm;vmygw,f? &efukefrdt0if axmuf}uH*dwfuae
ydwfqdk@&SmazG+yD; &efukefrdudk 0ifa&mufvm=uwJh ppf&Jwyfom;awGudk vufeufodrf;qnf;wm/ rlv
ae&mjyefoGm;cdkif;wmawG vkyfygw,f?
jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; Adv
k rf if;acgi&f J wefjyefppfjyifqifaewmawG tay: Adv
k rf ; }uD; atmif}uD;eJ@
Adv
k rf ; }uD;armifarmifu rausreyfEikd jf zpf+yD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf rE aW v;c&D;xGuaf ewJt
h wGu/f 0ef}uD;csKyf&J
218
0if;wihfxGef;
twdik yf ifcH OD;tke;f udk ppfckH ;kH qifah c: +yD;/ oef@&iS ;f tpd;k &u ppf&aJ wGo;kH +yD; ppfwyfukd zdczJG @kd tm%m
odrf;zdk@ pDpOfaewm &yfqdkif;zdk@ }udrf;armif;w,fqdkygw,f? oef@&Sif;u wyfudk&efyvdk@ wyfu
onf;rcHEdkifvdk@ v_yf&Sm;aewm vdk@vnf; ajymw,fqdkygw,f?
pufwifbm (23) &ufreufrSm Adkvfrif;acgif[m Adkvfr;atmif eJ@twl AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;udk
'kwd,t}udrftjzpfoGm;+yD; awG=ujyefygw,f? tusdK;ta=umif; ajymqdk=ujyefygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if; u 'DudpPolrodyg? Adkvfatmif}uD; eJ@ Adkvfarmifarmif wdk@ odygvdrfhr,f? olwkd@ (2) OD;udk
0ef}uD;csKyfeJ@awGzdk@ wifjyzdk@ apv$wfay;ygr,fhvdk@ ajzw,fqdkygw,f? Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif eJ@ Adkvfr;
}uD; atmif}uD; wkd@ jynfyc&D;oGm;aew,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'D (23) &ufae@rSmyJ ppfwyfu
tif;pdefrde,frSm&SdwJh oef@&Sif;zqyv Hk;wcsdKudk vufeufeJ@0dkif;+yD; odrf;ydkufxm;=u+yD;+yDjzpfyg
w,f? c&rf;rdudkvnf; ppfwyfuodrf;ydkufxm;+yD;+yDvdk@ xGef;ae@pOfowif;pmu pufwifbm (24)
&ufae@xw
k rf mS azmfjyvdu
k yf gw,f? Adv
k w
f axmifowif;pmrSmvnf; c&rf;rdudk ppfwyfu odr;f ydu
k f
vdkuf+yDvdk@ azmfjyyg&SdcJhygw,f?
0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ek rE aW v;u jyefa&mufa&mufcsi;f jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; Adv
k rf if;acgiu
f ppfwyfu
tm%modr;f zd@k pDpOfaewJo
h wif;udk ay;ygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ek xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifcsif wdr;f a&SmifEikd f
zdk@ av,mOfysHwpif; tqifoifhvkyfxm;wmudkvnf; wifjyygw,f? OD;Eku Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmifeJ@
Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; udk olqDac:cJhzdk@ Adkvfrif;acgifudk trdef@ay;ygw,f?
ygwDtzGJtpnf;aygif; (17) zGJeJ@ xif&Sm;wJhyk*~dKvf (9) OD;wkd@ yg0ifa&;qJGxkwfa0vdkufwJh
wyfrawmfonf jynfoltwGufjzpfygap qdkwJh a=unmcsufvnf; xGufay:vmcJhygw,f?
pufwifbm (24) &ufrSmyJ jynfyc&D;u jyefa&mufvmw,fqdkwJh Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmifeJ@
Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD; wk@d EpS af ,muf OD;Ek eJ@ vma&mufawGqHyk gw,f? olw@dk u bwf*suOf ya'=urf;
wifoiG ;f a&;twGuf v$waf wmfac:,lusi;f yjcif;[m Edik if aH &;wif;rmr_ukd avsmyh g;apr,fh vkyaf qmif
csufw&yfjzpfEdkifw,f vdk@ajymw,fqdkygw,f? oef@&Sif;u &JabmfjzLeJ@aygif;+yD; wyfudkzsuf&ef
p}uHw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udkawmif vkyf}uH&ef }uHpnfvdk@ wyfurcHEdkifwJhtwGuf tHkuGum
v_yf&Sm;aejcif;jzpfygw,f? rdrdwdk@u +idrfoufatmif aygufuGJr_r&Sdatmif xdef;ae&ygw,f? wyfudk
vSef@xm;&ygw,f? b,favmuf=um=um xdef;xm;Edkifr,frodygvdk@vJ pGyfpGJwkdifwef;ajymqdkw,f
qdkygw,f?
pufwifbm (25) &ufae@rmS awmh ppfwyfu &efuek w
f 0du
k u
f kd odr;f +y;D uif;yH;k cswm/ avqdyu
f kd
odrf;+yD; tajrmufawGqifwmvkyfygw,f? rE Wav;/ jrpf}uD;em;/ vm;d_;/ awmifwGif;/ usdKufvwf/
bdu
k av; pwJh rd awGuv
kd nf; odr;f xm;vdu
k =f uygw,f? jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D &J qifah c:csut
f & qif;vm
wJh ppf&JwyfawGudkvnf; vrf;c&D;uae qD;zrf;wmvkyfygw,f? tif;pdefcdkif0ef/ &J0efwdk@udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;xm;vdkuf+yD; pHkaxmufHk;eJ@ ud;rJha=u;eef; qufoG,fa&;Hk;udkvnf; odrf;ydkufxdef;csKyfxm;
vdkufygw,f? ppfwyfu tm%modrf;vdkuf+yDvdk@ ra=unmbJeJ@ ,m,DvufOD;r_&Sd&Sd odrf;xm;vdkuf
jcif;jzpfygw,f?
yg&rD&dyfomrSmawmh trSwf (4) wyf&if;&J wyfcGJwcGJudk tif;,m;vdyfa[mfw,faqmufae
wJh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wyfu wyfom; (500) avmufu vufeuftenf;i,feJ@ckcH+yD; 0dkif;xm;
219
0if;wihfxGef;
vdu
k Ef ikd yf gw,f? useaf e&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk ppfwyfu tay:pD;,l xde;f csKyfxm;+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
pufwifbm (25) &ufae@rmS yJ 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ek [m oef@&iS ;f acgi;f aqmiftm;vH;k pHek @J ac:,laqG;
aEG;Edkifjcif;r&SdawmhbJ/ acgif;aqmifwcsdKeJ@om wdkifyifaqG;aEG;+yD; vrf;a&G;zdk@jyif&ygawmhw,f? OD;Ek
a&G;vdu
k &f wJv
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kd cf u
kd jf cif;rvkyb
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f mwJt
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udk a&G;aumufyGJenf;eJ@ jyefvnf&,lEdkifa&;vrf;jzpfygw,f? 'Dvrf;[m udk,fhtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;
omapEdkifw,fvdk@vnf;,lq+yD; OD;Ek [m zqyv oef@&Sif;acgif;aqmif (5) OD;eJ@yJ wkdifyifndE_dif;+yD;
tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;a&;qHk;jzwfcsufudk qHk;jzwfvdkuf&w,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
pufwifbm (26) &uf reuf (9) em&D ausmfausmfavmufrSm Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;
csKyfatmif}uD;/ Akdvfr;csKyfwifaz wkd@ (3) OD; 0ef}uD;csKyftdrfudk a&mufvm+yD; OD;Ek eJ@awGygw,f?
OD;Ek eJ@twl 'k0ef}uD;csKyf ocifwif/ Adkvfrif;acgif/ OD;wifarmif wkd@ &Sdaew,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
OD;Eku cifAsm;wkd@rdwGif;rSm wifhum;awG oHcsyfumum;awG/ tajrmuf}uD;awGeJ@ bmvkyf
=uwmvJ vdk@ par;ygw,f?
wyfrawmfu tm%modr;f vdu
k yf g+yD/ tcsut
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JG m;ygw,f? tJ'g
a=umifh 0ef}uD;awG Hk;rwuf=uygeJ@ vdk@ ppfAdkvfrsm;u ajzw,fqdkygw,f?
OD;Eku tm%mrodrf;=ueJ@/ wyfa&m wdkif;jynfyg eHr,fysufr,f/ vuf&Sdtpdk;&udk vufrcH
Edkif&if w&m;r#wwJha&G;aumufyGJudk usif;yay;ygr,fvdk@ ppfwyfuuwday;&if ppfwyfudk tm%mv$J
ay;r,f/ 'Dvdk tm%mv$Jay;zdk@twGuf v$wfawmfudkac:vdkufr,f/ 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;uxGuf+yD; v$wf
awmfu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufatmif tqdkwifay;ygr,f
vdk@ajymw,f? qdkygw,f?
OD;Ek u tJ'DtcsufawGudk pmeJ@a&;+yD;ay;vdkufwJhtcg Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;csKyf
atmif}uD;/ Adkvfr;csKyfwifaz wkd@[m AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk ar;yg&apOD; qdk+yD; pmudkvufcH&,l+yD;
jyefoGm;=uw,fqdkygw,f?
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AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u OD;Ek &J tpDtpOfudk vufcHoabmwlvdkufygw,f? tpuwnf;u
Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; wdk@&J tm%modrf;a&;tpDtpOfawGudk tao;pdwf od&Sd
ae+yD;jzpfwhJ Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; [m OD;Ek ud,
k w
f idk f ypka&;om;ay;w,fqw
kd hJ tjyeftvSeaf y;pm (2)apmif
tay: acgif;ndwfoabmwlay;vdkufHkeJ@ tm%mudk &&Sd+yD;om;jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
pufwifbm (26) &ufae@nrSmyJ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek &J ta&;}uD;rdef@cGef; jrefrmtoH
a&'D,dkuae xGufay:vmygw,f? 59 ckESpf/ {+yDvrSm vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wwJ@ a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;
usi;f yay;&ef Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; udk zdw=f um;a=umif;/ Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u vufcw
H t
hJ wGuf 0rf;om
a=umif;eJ@ jynfolvlxk}uD;u AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk vufcH=uapvdka=umif; vdk@ OD;Ek u yvDyvm
ajym&ygawmhw,f? tm%modrf;cH&wmudkyJ olukd,fwdkifu vdkvdkvm;vm;zdwf=um;+yD; wkdif;jynf&J
+idr0f yfyjd ym;a&;udk xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufay;zd@k arwWm&yfcH tyfEv
HS u
kd &f wJyh rkH sKd ; azmfusL;oGm;cJyh gw,f?
220
0if;wihfxGef;
OD;Ek eJ@ Adv

k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if; wd@k tjyeftvSeaf &;=uw,fqw
kd hJ pm (2) apmifqw
kd mudv
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ypk+yD; zwf=um;azmfjyoGm;ygw,f? ppfwyf&J tm%modrf;yGJudk zdwfrE WuyGJjzpfatmif tpGrf;ukef
okyfaqmifay;cJhayr,fh EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek &JtoH[m armoHygaecJhw,f vdk@qdk=uygw,f?
tm%modr;f t"du wyfwwyftjzpf owfrw
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f yf&if;[m &efuek u
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odr;f +yD; 0ef}uD;csKyfe@J 0ef}uD;0efuav;awGukd zrf;qD;zd@k rE aW v;uae t&Sed jf yif;jyif;eJ@ csw
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0ufxD;uefa&mufrS/ cr& (101) eJ@ awGrS tusdK;ta=umif;od&+yD; jyefwyfacgufoGm;&w,fvdk@
qdkygw,f?
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kd }f uD;wodu
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f ydik ;f tm;jzifh atmifjrifxajrmufomG ;w,fv@kd qd&k rSmjzpfygw,f? OD;Eku tm%mudv
k aJ$ jymif;
ay;zd@k oabmwlvu
kd w
f t
hJ wGujf zpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&G;aumufyu
JG si;f yay;zd@k oabmwlvu
kd &f wJh
twGuf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tjzpfeJ@yJ zGJpnf;&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf wpdwfwydkif;tm;jzifh xifovdk vGwf
vGwfu|wfu|wf tm%mudk a&&Snfqkyf,lEkdifcGifhr&bl; jzpfoGm;&ygw,f?
1958 ckESpf/ pufwifbm (26) &ufae@ tjzpftysuf[m Armjynfordkif;rSm yxrqHk;t}udrf
ppfwyftm%modrf;r_ ppfppf/ ppfwyftm%modrf;r_}uD; tppfjzpfygw,f? wu,fvnf;
jyifqifcJhovdk wu,fvnf; odrf;ydkufzdk@jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dwkef;u 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek&J EdkifiHa&;
ukvm;zefxdk;aumif;r_a=umifh wenf;tm;jzifh EdkifiHa&;upm;uGuf ^m%feD^m%feufrsdK;pHka=umifh
ppfwyftm%modrf;r_ [m ppfwyftm%mv$Jajymif;r_ tjzpfyHkay:vmygw,f?
ppfwyfbufu =unfhr,fqdk&if a&&Snftm%m qkyfudkifcGifhr&vdkufayr,fh tm%mvnf;
&ao;/ aus;Zl;&Sifvnf; jzpfvdkuf&ao; todrf;cH&oludk,fwdkifu csD;usL;axmyemay;wmawmif
tqpf&vdkufao; vdk@ ajym&rSmjzpfygw,f? Adkvfae0if;uawmh tvdktavsmuf pifay:a&muf+yD;
ESpfjyeftjrwfxGufoGm;cJhygw,f?
OD;Ekbufu =unhrf ,fq&kd if tm%modr;f cHvu
kd &f vd@k tm%mudrk ay;csib
f eJ @J ay;vdu
k &f wm
tH;_ jzpfayr,f/h ygvrD efurkd zsuo
f rd ;f &bJ/ a&G;aumufyu
JG si;f ya&;uwdukd tydik u
f ikd +f y;D tajctaeawG
aumif;rGev
f mwJt
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kd mxuf tm%mudk
v$aJ jymif;ay;vdu
k &f w,fqw
kd mu ydo
k ifah vsmw
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l cJyh gw,f? 'ga=umifh tm%mudk v$aJ jymif;
ay;tyfwyhJ akH y:atmif okyaf zmfcyhJ gw,f? ygvrD efe@J zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'rysuyf J tm%mudk
,m,DvaJ$ jymif;ay;vdu
k &f jcif;[m vH;k 0O\Hk tm%modr;f cH&wmeJ@pmv#if awmfao;w,fv@kd wGuf
qcJhw,f? 'ga=umifh olukd,fwkdiftqdky+yD; oludk,fwkdif tdrfapmifhtpdk;&zGJay;zdk@ arwWm&yfcHwJhyHkpH
csK;d cJyh gw,f? ppfwyftm%modr;f r_ }uD;udk zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyakH bmiftwGi;f r0if0ifatmif ukvm;zef
xd;k ay;+yD; ta&mifwif odumQ qnfay;cJyh gw,f? ppfwyfukd odumQ qnfay;jcif;[m olud,
k o
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oduQmqnf+yD; jzpfoGm;w,fvdk@ ,lqcJhyHk&ygw,f?
OD;Ek csdK;ay;wJhvrf;a=umif;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u oabmusovdk/ tm%modrf;csifol/
um,uHajrmuf tm%mvmawmif;ol Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD;wdk@ uvnf;
aemufydkif;rSm cHwGif;awGcJhygw,f? Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif/ Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; wkd@u aemufydkif;rSm
ppfwyfu tm%modrf;wmr[kwf/ tm%mudk v$Jajymif;&,lwmomjzpfw,fvdk@ cyfwnfwnf
221
0if;wihfxGef;
ajAmifvdrfajAmifpm; 0g'jzef@csd ajymqdkwmawG tqufrjywf vkyfcJhygw,f?

'Dtm%modrf;r_}uD;udk 0if'grD,mtm%modrf;r_}uD; }udwf0dkif;tm%modrf;r_}uD; vdk@
pme,fZif;wcsdK wdk;wufwJh pma&;q&mwcsKdu twdtvif; uifyGef;wyfcJh=uovdk/ qef@usifuef@
uGuf_wfcscJh=uwJh vlyk*~dKvf EkdifiHa&;tzGJtpnf;rsm;vnf; ay:aygufcJhygw,f? tckjzpfwmuawmh
ppfwyfutm%modrf;jcif;yJ vdk@ a'gufwmAarmf u jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmrSm ajymqdkcJhovdk/
jynfol&Jabmf rsm;uvnf; ppfwyftm%modrf;r_ }uD;vdk@ azmfxkwfuef@uGufcJhygw,f?
OD;Ek &J oef@&Sif;zqyvudk axmufcHyHkatmcJhwJh yrnw uvnf; vufeufeJ@tm%m
odr;f jcif;udk uef@uu
G =f u qdw
k hJ pmwef;udk em&Drqdik ;f xkwjf yefc+hJ yD;/ yrnw u OD;Ek eJ@ awGwJt
h cg
jyif;jyif;xefxef a0zefygw,f?
OD;Eku wdik yf ifjcif;ryEdik w
f m rdrt
d rSm;jzpfa=umif;/ od@k aomf oef@&iS ;f acgi;f aqmifawGe@J awmif
rwdkifyifEdkifawmhbJ/ acgif;aqmif (5) OD;om wkdifyifqHk;jzwfcJh&jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ qHk;jzwfcsufudk rjyif
Edkifawmha=umif;eJ@ v$wfawmfrSm rJcGJpOfu Ekwif wkd@ tEdkif&&if (5) rdkifom ydkifap&r,fvdk@ aqG+idrf;
wd@k &J }udr;f 0g;csut
f wdik ;f vufeufuikd rf sm;&J ESyd pf ufru
_ kd Adv
k af e0if;udk tm%may;rSom wm;qD;Edik f
rSmjzpfvdk@ qHk;jzwf&jcif;jzpfa=umif; &Sif;jyw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
EkdifiHa&;tpOftvm}uD;rm;wJh ausmif;om;xku ppfwyftm%modrf;,ljcif;udk
tv_yf&Sm;qHk; uef@uGufqENjy=uygw,f? wuo taqmuftOD;rSm Auorsm;tzGJcsKyf/ &uo/
wuo wdk@u }uD;r;+yD; tr_aqmifawG awGqHkaqG;aEG;=uum ppfwyfrS tm%modrf;jcif;ESifhywf
oufI oabmxm; a=unmcsufudk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhygw,f? ppfwyfu tm%modrf;onfh
twGuf +idrf;csrf;a&;udk tvSrf;a0;ap+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;rvdkvm;aom aqG+idrf;ESifh e,fcsJorm;wdk@.
tvdkusjzpfapa=umif;/ ,if;odk@ tm%modrf;jcif;rsdK;udk cGifhyv#if tm%mudk jynfolxHrSr[kwfbJ
t"rRtm%modr;f onfh tpOftvm ay:vmrnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk twm;
tqD;jzpfvmrnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjycJ=h uygw,f? pufwifbm (28) &ufae@rmS a=unmcsuu
f x
kd w
k f
jyefcJhygw,f?
pufwifbm (26) &ufnrSm OD;Ek tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;a&; a=unm+yD;wJhaemuf ppfwyfu
armfvrdief @J jynfrdawGrmS Edik if aH &;orm;wcsKd udk zrf;qD;wm/ a&vrf; uke;f vrf; wav#muf toGm;
tvmawGukd ppfaq;ar;jref; &SmazGwmawG vkyyf gw,f? 'ga=umifh pufwifbm (29) &ufrmS Auo/
wuo/ &uo wdk@uae wHkv_yfajcmufjcm;atmifrvkyfygESifh qdkwJh acgif;pOfeJ@ a=unmcsuf
xkwfjyefuef@uGufygw,f?
pufwifbm (30) rSmvJ or*~}u;D (3) cku OD;pD;+y;D ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;w&yf wuo
taqmuftOD;rSm xyfrHac:,lusif;yygw,f? tpnf;ta0;t+yD;rSm bwf(pf)um; (26) pD;eJ@
rdwGif;udk vSnfhvnfqENjy+yD; wyfrawmf0ifrpGufeJ@/ wyfrawmfudkckwHk;rvkyfeJ/+cdrf;ajcmuf+yD;
tm%mrodrf;eJ@/ vufeufeJ@tm%modrf;wm uef@uGuf=u/ e,fcsJt}uHtpnfwm;qD;=u/
'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; umuG,f=u/jynfoltm%m jynfoljyeftyf/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;
t&,l=u/zrf;xm;olawG tjrefjyefv$wf/ausmif;om;jynfol vufwGJ=u qdkwJh auG;a=umf
oHawG auG;a=umfatmf[pfcJh=uygw,f?
222
0if;wihfxGef;
aqG+idrf; tdrf0dkif;+yD; qENjyjcif;/ tar&duef oHHk;udk 0dkif;+yD;qENjyjcif;awGvnf; yvkyfcJh=uyg

w,f?
wnf+rJzqyvu OD;Ek udk zufqpfjzpfw,fajym+yD; Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;udk axmufcaH =umif;
a=unmvdkufygw,f?
OD;Eku b,favmufyJ toa&qnfqnf/ ppfwyfu b,favmufyJ rHkvmOvkyfvkyf/ 1958
pufwifbm (26) tjzpftysufudk ppfwyftm%modrf;r_}uD;tjzpf wdk;wufwJh EdkifiHa&;tzGJtpnf;
rsm;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;a&csdefjrifhrm;wJh jynfolvlxk trsm;pk}uD;u odjrifem;vnf oabmxm;cJh=uygw,f?
trSew
f u,fvnf; ppfwyftm%modr;f r_}uD; jzpfcyhJ gw,f? tm%mawmif;wmr&&if pufwifbm
(27) &ufreuf tkH%fwufrSm vufeufudkift=urf;zuf+yD; 0ef}uD;tm;vHk;udk zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
z,f&Sm;zdk@ tcdkiftrm pDpOfpdkif;jyif; jyifqifxm;+yD;jzpfygw,f?
1958 atmufwdkbm (20) &ufae@rSm rdwDvmrd wyfrawmfausmif;rSm wyfr;rsm;nDvmcH
xyfvyk yf gw,f? ZGev
f wke;f u usi;f y+yD;jzpfygvsuef @J wESpt
f wGi;f 'kw,
d t}udrt
f jzpf ac:,lusi;f y
wmjzpfygw,f? atmufwdkbm (28) &ufae@ usif;yr,fh ygvDrefv$wfawmfuae oef@&Sif;zqyv
tpdk;&u AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;udk tm%mv$Jajymif; ay;tyfrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf wyfrSL;awGudk ac:,l
ndEd_if; jyifqifjcif;jzpfygw,f?
yrnw tygt0if tzGJaygif;pHk (15 zGJ) eJ@ wuo/ Auo/ &uo/ vli,fhwyfOD; wdk@u
ppfwyfu tm%modrf;r_udk uef@uGuf=u qdkwJh auG;a=umfoHxkwf+yD; uef@uGufqef@usif=uwJh
tcg OD;Ek/ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; eJ@ Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; wdk@u ppfwyfu tm%modrf;wmr[kwf/
tm%mv$Jajymif;r_ omjzpfw,fvdk@ &Sif;vif;ajymqdk=uygw,f?
yrnw acgi;f aqmifawGe@J Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; awGqHw
k t
hJ cgrmS vnf; wyfutm%modr;f
w,fqdkwJhpum;[m wyfudk *k%foduQm txl;xdcdkufapa=umif;/ wyfu tm%modrf;w,fqdkwJh
pum;udk txl;a&Smif=uOf&efajymvdak =umif; vd@k Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u arwWm&yfco
H vdv
k kd owday;
ovdkvdkajymqdk+yD; tjzpfrSefawGudk zHk;uG,fcJh=uygw,f?
OD;Eku AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; vGwfvGwfu|wfu|wfvkyfEdkif&efqdk+yD; apmapmydkif;u w&m;0if
xkwfjyefa=unmxm;cJhwJh orw}uD;. oifykef;acs vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@ udk atmufwdkbm
(31) &ufae@up+yD; jyefvnfkwfodrf;ay;vdkufygw,f? kwfodrf;ay;vkduf&wmeJ@ t"duta=umif;
&if;uawmh ppfwyf&J uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;pdwf"mwfeJ@ aomif;usef;oltywfwdkufa&; oabm
xm;tay: rvGefqefEdkifawmhwJhtwGuf ppfwyftuduf udufovdk ppfqif ppfyEkdifzdk@/ udufovdk
pDrHtkyfcsKyfEdkifzdk@ t[ef@twm;ozG,fjzpfaewJh vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@udk OD;Ek ukd,fwdkif jyefvnf
z,f&Sm;ay;vdkuf&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
atmufwdkbm (20) &ufae@ rdwWDvm wyfr;rsm;nDvmcHrSm ajymqkd=uwJh ppfwyf acgif;rm
xdyo
f ;D }uD;wcsKd &J ajymqdak qG;aEG;csuaf wGukd axmufr_ ,fq&kd if OD;Ek bma=umifh kwo
f rd ;f ay;vdu
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f hJ
ae&mrSm EdkifiHa&;bufuvlawGudk tm;udk;vdk@r&awmhbl;? cifAsm;wdk@ usKyfwdk@yJ &ifqdkif&r,f? 'g
223
0if;wihfxGef;
tifrwef&Sif;aewJhjy\em vdk@ aqG;aEG;cJhovdk/ Akdvfr;}uD; cspfrdifu 'DvlawG (uGefjrLepf) udk

vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGi/hf oifyek ;f acs vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGiq
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tm%mvJa$ jymif;r_ qdw
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atmufwdkbmv aemufqHk;ywfxJrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu Adkvf&JxGf[m jynfwGif;
+idr;f csr;f a&;tzGJ OD;pD;acgi;f aqmif q&m}uD;ocifu,
kd af wmfrid_ ;f eJ@ vma&mufawGqHyk gw,f? Adv
k &f x
J G f
u q&m}uD;udk oifykef;acs vGwf+idrf;cGifheJ@ ygwDwnf&SdcGifhudk vufcHa=umif; wifjy+yD; (1) uGefjrLepfygwDESifh ywfoufaom EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;udk v$wf&ef/
(2) uGefjrLepfygwDudk a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcGifhay;&ef/
TESpfcsufudkuwdyv#if uGefjrLepfygwDu (1) vufeufrsm;udk tpdk;&odk@v$Jtyfrnf?
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(3) uef@owfxm;aomtcsed t
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0rf;omtm;&jzpf+yD;/ tJ't
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k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;qD/ atmufwb
kd m (27) &ufae@
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k m awGcJ&h +yD; Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; eJ@ rawGcJ&h bl;vd@k qdyk gw,f?
tJ'D (27) &ufae@nae@rmS yJ q&m}u;D wd@k u tzGJ aygi;f pHu
k kd zdwaf c:&Si;f vif;jywmvnf; vkycf yhJ gw,f?
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atmufwb
kd mv (28) &ufae@rmS tm%mvJa$ jymif;ay; v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;}uD; pwifyg
w,f? udwifppD Ofxm;wJt
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tdraf pmift
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kd yf gw,f?
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trsdK;om;pDrHudef;Xme/
224
0if;wihfxGef;
(2) t*~r[moa&pnfol/ OD;odef;armif
- 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xme/
omoema&;Xme/ usef;rma&;Xme/ jynfol@
0efxrf;Xme
(3) r[moa&pnfol OD;cifarmifjzL
- jynfxJa&;Xme/ jyef=um;a&;Xme/ a'oE W&
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(4) owkd;r[mpnfol OD;csefxGef;atmif - w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD;/
(5) OD;ausmf+idrf;
- bma&;ESihf tcGefawmfXme 0ef}uD;/
(6) pnfol OD;b=um;
- ukefoG,fr_Xme/ or0g,rESifh ukefpnfjzef@
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- o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&;/ vrf;yef;qufo,
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(8) OD;um
- ynma&;Xme/ v,f,mESifh opfawmXme/
v,f,majrEdkifiHydkifya&;Xme 0ef}uD;/
(9) oD&dysHcsD OD;cspfaomif;
- pufr_vufr_Xme/ owWKwGif;Xme tvkyfo
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(11) OD;xefvsef;
- csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;/
(12) a'gufwm apmvSxGef;
- u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;/
(13) 'l;0g;aZmfvGef;
- ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;/
(14) p0f0
- u,m;jynfe,f0ef}uD; - wdk@jzpf=uygw,f?
atmufwdkbmv (31) &ufae@rSm jynfolv$wfawmfrSm 0ef}uD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u
wufa&mufrdef@ac|ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m yxrt}udrf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tzGJ&J 0ef}uD;csKyf
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f eJ @J ,lc&hJ oa,mif cyfwnfwnf ajymqdo
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225
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ppfwyfutm%modr;f wmudk OD;Ek u rvGo
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bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dvkd tm%m&,lvu
dk Ef ikd w
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k l ppfwyfu auseyf yDwjd zpfchJ
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ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; a=unmEdkifcJhwJh 1948 ckESpfuae ppfwyfudk tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;
vdkuf&wJh 1958 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmtxd (10) ESpfausmftwGif;rSm Armjynfudk awmufavsmuf
tkyfpdk;cJhwJh tpdk;&[m zqyv tpdk;&jzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh (1948-1958) q,fESpfwmacwfudk zqyv q,fESpfq,frdk; acwf vdk@
0d*dvfy=uygw,f?
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t"du ajray:twdkuftcHtjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;cJhygw,f? 1957 ckESpf xJrSmawmh oef@&Sif;-wnf+rJ
tjzpf uGx
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226
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taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD; jzpfygw,f?
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k af qmifwyf vufeufuikd w
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ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJt+yD; a&G;aumufyGJ&vm'fu tajzay;cJhygw,f? trwfae&mt& zqyvu
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228
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jzpfoGm;ygw,f? ppfwyf[mvnf; AkdvfcsKyfae0if; pdwfuduf AkdvfcsKyfae0if; arG;jrLxm;wJh wvuf
udkifwyftjzpf yDyDoo pwifyHkay:vmygw,f?
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tm%m&,lrvJqdkwm tm%mtwGuf tydiftqdkifrJcGJ=uzdk@qHk;jzwfwJhtcg yrnw rJ (45) rJudk
&&Sdzdk@ +idrf;csrf;a&;toH jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJta&;toH ydkay;jycJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh yrnw rJ (44)
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yk*~dKvfrsm;uvnf; tm%modrf;zdk@ }uH=u pnf=u jyifqif=uygw,f? ajrmufydkif;wdkif;u tcdkiftrm
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xkwcf =hJ u&if;/ 1958 ckEpS f ppfwyftm%modr;f r_}uD; ay:ayguv
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jynfuGefjrLepfygwDbufu typftcwf wydifwnf;&yfpJa&;/ awGqHkaphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;/ ESpfcsufeJ@
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awG zqyvtpdk;&u vkyfcJhwm&Sdayr,fh tajccHtm;jzifh ajr&Sifya'o&mZfpepfudk t+yD;tydkif zsuf
odrf;Edkifjcif;r&SdbJ wpHkw&m tm;enf;apcJhwmavmufyJ vkyfEkdifcJhygw,f? awmufavsmuf awmuf
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d af tmifped /f
a=u;rHu
k OD;=unfjrif/h jynfawmfopfu OD;atmifjrifh wd@k awGvnf; tzrf;tqD;cH=u&ygw,f? ausmif;
om;or*~u ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawGvnf; zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;cH=u&ovdk ajy;olajy; a&Smifol
a&Smifjzpf=u&ygw,f?
Edk0ifbm(3)&ufae@rSm +idfrf0yfydjym;r_nDvmcH usif;yygw,f? 0ef}uD;rsm; twGif;0efrsm;/ cdkif
0efrsm;/ &Jt&m&Sdrsm;yg zdwf=um;+yD; aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfygw,f? (3) &ufwdkifwdkifusif;y+yD; w&m;Oya'
pdk;rdk;a&; qdkwmtjyif tjrwf}uD;pm;rsm; ESdrfeif;a&;/ ukefaps;E_ef;csa&;/ rdawmfoef@&Sif;a&;vkyfief;
awGyg wydifeufwnf; vkyfoGm;r,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfygw,f?
ukeaf ps;E_e;f csa&;twGuq
f +kd yD; pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Siw
f csKd udk zrf;qD;ygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
wcsKdudk wyfrawmf oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJu odrf;ydkuf,lwmvkyfygw,f?
232
0if;wihfxGef;
+idrf0yfydjym;a&;pDrHudef;nDvmcH}uD;udk Ekd0ifbm (3) &ufuae (5) &ufae@txd oHk;&ufwkdif

wdkif usif;y+yD;wJhaemufrSm tdrfapmifhtpdk;&&J EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&; tkyfcsKyfr_pDrHudef; }uD;udk
pwiftaumiftxnfazmfygw,f? 'DprD u
H ed ;f }uD;udk oGuo
f u
G v
f ufvuf taumiftxnfazmfEikd zf @kd
nDvmcHrac:cifuwnf;u A[dv
k kH cHa&;OD;pD;tzGJ qdw
k mudk udwifzJG pnf;+yD;jzpfygw,f? A[dv
k kH cH
a&; OD;pD;tzGJ udk Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@rmS pwifzJG pnf;cJ+h y;D jzpfygw,f? OuUtjzpf umuG,af &;0ef}u;D
vnf;jzpfwJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u wm0ef,l+yD; 'kOuUtjzpf jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;jzpfwJh OD;cifarmifjzL
u wm0efcHygw,f?
aemufxyfay:vmwmuawmh A[dkvHkcHa&;aumifpD qdkwmjzpfygw,f? OD;cifarmifjzL u
OuUjzpf+yD; Akdvfr;csKyfarmifarmif u wyfeJ@ ndE_dif;yl;aygif;a&;wm0efudk,lygw,f? A[dkvHkcHa&;
aumifpDrSm Akdvfr;}uD; boef; ("rRduboef;) 'kAkdvfr;}uD; =unf[ef wdk@ yg0ifv_yf&Sm;=uygw,f?
A[dkvHkcHa&;aumifpD&JatmufrSm wdkif;/ jynfe,f vHkcHa&;aumifpD/ cdkif vHkcHa&;aumifpD/
rde,fvHkcHa&;aumifpD qdkwmawG&Sdygw,f?
ppftpdk;& tjzpf/ wef;rjrif&atmif tpdk;&tzGJpm&if;rSm ppfAdkvf}uD;awGudk xnfhoGif;zGJ
pnf;jyxm;jcif;r&Sad yr,fh 0ef}uD;Xmewdik ;f eJ@ vkyif ef;Xme tzGJ tpnf;wdik ;f rSm ppfAv
kd }f uD;awGtm;vH;k
wm0ef,l yg0ifywfouf vkyfudkifcJh=uygw,f? ppfwyfu tkyfcsKyfa&;wifru tpdk;&vkyfief;XmerSef
or#udk 0ifa&mufyg0ifvkyfudkif tkyfpdk;cJh=uygw,f?
Adkvfr;csKyfarmifarmif [m jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; r[kwfayr,fh jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; OD;cifarmifjzL
xuf vufapmif;xufcJhygw,f? =oZmyg0g jyEdkifoljzpfcJhygw,f? jyef=um;a&;Xmeatmufuae jynf
xJa&;Xmevufatmuf a&$ajymif;,lvdkuf+yD; yHkESdyfxkwfa0olrsm;xkwfa0cGifh vdkifpifudk t&ifu
w}udr&f +yD;jzpf&if tqufrjywfxw
k af 0cGi&hf +yD;jzpf&muae wESpw
f }udrw
f ifav#mufz@kd Oya' jyifqif
xkwfjyefcJhygw,f? &nf&G,fcsufu xkwfa0olawGudk a=umufatmifvkyf+yD; tydkifudkifzdk@jzpfygw,f?
Akdvfr;csKyfarmifarmif udk,fwdkif ppfwyftm%modrf; }uHpnfr_}uD;rSm yg0ifcJh+yD; wnfqJ
zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'}uD;udk um,uHajrmuf csKd;azmufvmcJhol ppfppfjzpfayr,fh yHkESdyfxkwf
a0olawGukd ,ckxw
k af 0olonf 1947 ckEpS /f zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'}uD;udk opPmcH,yl gonf?
apmifx
h ed ;f ygrnf[k uwdopPmya=umif; w&m;0if yHEk ydS af zmfjycdik ;f cJyh gw,f? zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccH
Oya'udk OD;xdyf&Gufyef dkusKd;[ef tjynfht0 yHkaqmifcJhygw,f? wESpfw}udrf wifav#mufOya'udk
a=u;rHk/ &efukef/ Adkvfwaxmif owif;pm (3) apmifu qef@usif a0zef a&;om;cJh=uygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk qefusifa0zefa&;om;=uwJhtwGuf a=u;rHk/ &efukef/ Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm (3)
apmifudk ydwfypfygw,f// t,f'DwmawGudkvnf; zrf;qD;axmifcswmvkyfygw,f?
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&&J t"duta&;}uD;qHk; EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&; tkyfcsKyfr_pDrHudef;}uD;
udk taumiftxnfazmfz@kd / yxrqH;k zGJ pnf;vdu
k w
f hJ A[dv
k kH cHa&;OD;pD;tzGJ &JatmufrmS jynfwiG ;f
vHk cHrl axmufvrS ;f a&;ndE id_ ;f r_tzGJ / Ekid if aH wmfA[dak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJ / tjypf'%fay;a&; t}uHay;
tzGJ qdw
k mawGuv
kd nf; zGJ pnf;cJyh gw,f? &Jbufqikd &f m tkycf sKyfa&;tzGJ / tkycf sKyfa&;qdik &f m &mxl;wd;k
jriahf &;ESihf a&$ajymif;a&;qdik &f mt}uHay;tzGJ / qkcs;D jriahf &;t}uHay;tzGJ qdw
k mawGuv
kd nf; zGJ pnf;
cJhygw,f?
233
0if;wihfxGef;
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; &J tdraf pmift
h pd;k &[m jynfwiG ;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;a&;twGu/f qlyal omif;use;f
aewJh tiftm;pkawGudk wdkufzsufESdrfeif;&efqdkwJh tpDtpOf (3) &yfudkvnf; csrSwfvdkufygw,f?
tJ'DhtpDtpOf (3) &yfuawmh (1) jynfwGif;Y ysHESHvsuf&Sdaom vufeufyHk;rsm;udk jyefvnfodrf;ydkufEkdifzdk@ csufcsif;aqmif
&Guf&ef/
(2) aomif;usef;olrsm;tm; vlxk.tultnDjzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef xdk;ppfqif&efESifh
(3) Oya'twdkif; wdwdusus vdkufemusifhoHk;ap&efESifh rnfol@udkrS axmufxm;iJhnmjcif;
r&SdbJ jywfjywfom;om; ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef - qdkwmyJjzpfygw,f?
twdkcsKyfajym&&if vufeufyHk;rsm;azmfxkwfa&;/ aomif;usef;oltywfwdkufa&; Oya'
twdkif; jywfjywfom;om; ta&;,la&;qdkwmyJjzpfygw,f?
EkdifiHw0Sef;vHk; vufeufyHk;azmfxkwfzrf;qD;yGJ}uD;awG vkyfjyygw,f? &efukefrdeJ@ tif;pdefw
0dkufu jyefay;*dk%f;/ "m;jy*dk%f;qdkwm}uD;awGudk azmfxkwfzrf;qD;ygw,f?
vufeufy;kH azmfxw
k af &; zrf;qD;ta&;,lra_ wGe@J twl a&Sqifah emufqifh yvkyw
f muawmh
zqyv vufxuf emrnftrsdK;rsdK;eJ@ wnf&SdvmcJhwJh cg;ydkufaqmifwyfzGJawGudk zsufodrf;jcif;yJjzpf
ygw,f? +idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGufvdk@ auG;a=umfcJhayr,fh ppfwyfeJ@pifydifjzpfvmEkdifwmudk udwif
wm;qD; zsuo
f rd ;f ypfcsiw
f m t"dujzpfw,f? ppfwyfuvGv
J @kd vufeufuikd w
f yfqw
kd m/ ppfwyfoabm
aqmifwt
hJ zGJ qdw
k m ppfwyf&J atmufrmS om 'grrS [kwf ppfwyfuzGJ pnf;ay;vd@k wnf&adS ewJh tjzpf
rsdK;om &SdaeapcsifwJhoabmjzpfygw,f// &JwyfzGJawGudkawmif EkdifiHwumrSmvnf; zGJpnf;xm;&
vdk@/ zsufodrf;ypfvdk@rjzpfvdk@ xm;&wJhoabmjzpfygw,f? zsufodrf;ypfvdkufw,fqdkwJh vufeufudkif
wyfzGJawGudk wcsdKudk ppfwyftwGif;/ wcsdKudk ppf&JtwGif; oGwfoGif;zGJpnf;vdkufygw,f?
ppf&Jwyfudkvnf; jyefvnfjyifqif zGJpnf;wmvkyfygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD;rif;odrf;/ Adkvfr;}uD;
wef,q
k ikd ef @J ppfwyfu wyfr; wcsKd u wm0efc+H yD; jyifqifzJG pnf; udik w
f ,
G yf gw,f? toifjh zpfwt
hJ cg
wyfrawmfwGif oGwfoGif;zGJpnf;ay;r,fvdk@ a=unmygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD;rif;odef;u ppf&Jrif;}uD;vkyf
+yD; yjyifajymif;vJa&;awGvkyfygw,f? opfxkwfvkyfa&;eJ@ v#yfppfvkyfief; umuG,fa&;wyfcGJ (3)ck
udv
k nf; ppf&w
J yfxo
J w
G o
f iG ;f vdu
k yf gw,f? aomif;use;f olErdS Ef iS ;f a&;tjzpf vufeufuikd t
f iftm;pk
awGudk jyif;jyif;xefxef xdk;ppfqifzdk@ ppfqifa&;}uD;awG t}uD;tus,fyvkyfygw,f?
Oya'pdk;rdk;apa&;acgif;pOfatmufrSm zrf;wm qD;wm tjypfay;ta&;,lwmawGudkvnf;
t&Sed jf ri ahf qmif&u
G yf gw,f? yk'rf (5) eJ@ zrf;qD;wmawGvnf; tpkvu
kd t
f yv
H u
kd f rsm;jym;vmygw,f?
tdrfapmifhtpdk;& wufrvmcifu ArmjynfrSm A[dktusOf;axmif (9) axmif/ cdkiftusOf;axmif
(19) axmif/ axmifi,f (6) axmife@J abmfpw,fausmif; (1) ck&ydS gw,f? tdraf pmift
h pd;k &wufvm
wJt
h cg 'DaxmifawGavmufe@J wiftm;r&awmhwt
hJ wGuf aemufxyfaxmifopfwck zGiv
hf u
kd yf gw,f?
tJ'guaawmh &efuek f rdeJ@ (262)rdik af 0;+yD; yifv,ftwGi;f rSmwnf&w
dS hJ udu
k ;kd u|e;f axmifjzpfygw,f?
udkudk;u|ef;tusOf;pcef;udk pxlaxmifcJhwmuawmh zqyv tpdk;&jzpfygw,f? jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;
ocifomcif vufxufrSm pDrHcJhwmjzpf+yD; tJ'DwHk;u OD;ausmf+idrf; u EkdifiHa&;orm;awGtwGuf
&nf&,
G cf w
hJ mr[kwyf gb;l vd@k jiif;qdck b
hJ ;l ygw,f? 58 ckEpS /f ESpq
f ef;rSm udu
k ;kd u|e;f owif; xyf+yD;xGuf
234
0if;wihfxGef;
vmvdk@ rwfv (25) ckESpfrSm usif;ywJhowif;pm uGefz&ifhrSm owif;pmq&mwOD;&Jtar;udk ajzqdk

&if; EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek u udkudk;u|ef;odk@ EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk ydk@&efr[kwfyg vdk@ ajz=um;
oGm;cJhao;w,f? tJ'Dh udkudk;u|ef;tusOf;pcef;udk 1959 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24) &ufae@rSm tdrfapmifh
tpdk;&u pwifzGifhvSpfvdkufygw,f? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGudkydk@zdk@ wrif&nf&G,f+yD; zGifhvdkufyg
w,f?
Zefe0g&D (30) &ufae@rSm zrf;qD;xm;wJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;aygif; (135) a,mufudk pwif
udkudk;u|ef;ydk@ygw,f? yxrtokwf (53) OD;eJ@ 'kwd,okwf (54) OD;eJ@ aemufqHk;okwf (28) OD;jzpfyg
w,f? EkdifiHa&;orm;/ pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&mawGwifru xif&Sm;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
awGyg yg0ifcJhygw,f? ocifjroef;/ &efausmftkef;jrifh (wdk;wufa&;tkef;jrifh)/ OD;apmvGif (ArmtrsdK;
orD;)/ OD;atmifoef; (AdkvfcsKyftudk)/ AdkvfjraoG;/ ocifAarmif/ AdkvfrsdK;jrifh/ udkudkav;/ udkwifapm/
&Jabmfv0S if; eJ@ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udv
k aS z (OD;wifah Zmf)/ Adv
k t
f ;kH armif (avxD;)/ ocifazaX;/
pwJhyk*~dKvfawG yg0iftydk@cHcJh&ygw,f? udkudk;u|ef;eJ@tvm;wl/ ykodrfbufu vdyfu|ef; udkvnf;ydk@
aqmif csKyfaESmifwmawGvkyfcJhygw,f?
OD;Ek qD tm%moGm;awmif;cJw
h hJ t"duyk*Kd~ vf (3) OD;rSm Adv
k rf ; csKyf armifarmif u jynfxaJ &;
XmerSm wefcdk;xGm;ovdk t"duyk*~dKvfaemufwOD;jzpfwJh Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; u pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
awGudk udkifwG,f+yD; wefcdk;xGm;vmygw,f? ppfwyfydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;}uD;awG/ ppfwyfuduf pD;yGm;
a&;pepfopfawGxGif+yD; ppfwyft&if;tESD;udk t}uD;tus,f pkaqmif;ygw,f? 1951 ckESpfup+yD;
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmetaeeJ@ pwifzGJpnf;cJhwJh wyfrawmf axmufyHha&;tzGJ (DSI) [m tpdk;&
acs;aiG (6) ode;f eJ@ pwifcw
hJ mvd@k tqd&k adS yr,fh rw&m;ojzifh tcGit
hf a&;awG&,l+yD; vkyu
f ikd af qmif
&GufcGifh&cJhwJhtwGuf wr[kwfcsif; }uD;xGm;vmcJhum/ tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufrSmawmh txGwf
txdyfudka&muf&SdoGm;ygawmhw,f? DSI ('Dtufpftdkif) atmufu xyfzGJcJhwJh bDtD;'DpD (BEDC)
[m ArmjynfpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wckvHk;udk csKyfudkif+yD; ygav&mig;ydcsuf jzpfvmawmhw,f? t&uf
awmif bDt;D 'DpD t&ufqw
kd may:vmcJw
h ,f? pmayavmuxJ0if+yD; ajc_yzf @kd ynmhvuf;kH pmay
wdkufaxmifxm;+yD;jzpfovdk jr0wD r*~Zif;wdkufuvnf; ppfwyf&J pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;vkyfief;eJ@
0g'jzef@csda&;tmabmfawGudk oGufoGufvufvuf vrf;a=umif;csay;EkdifcJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufrSm [D;Ekd;um; (24) pD;0,f+yD; &efukefrdwGif; c&D;ajy;qGJwm/ zuf
pyfvkyfief;awGwdkif;rSm yg0ifygwfouf udkifwG,fcsKyfudkifwmvnf; vkyfygw,f? t&ifu&Sd+yD; zufpyf
aumfydka&;&Sif; (11) ckxJu pufr_vufr_qdkif&m zufpyfaumfydka&;&Sif; (2) ckudk zsufodrf;+yD;/ usefwJh
(9) ckudk wdkif;eJ@jynfe,ftvdkuf ae&ma'ocGJ+yD;/ jzef@jzL;a&;e,fawGcGJ+yD; cGJwrf;csvkyfudkifapwm
wDxGifygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;udk ppfe,fajrcGJ+yD; vkyf=unfhwmjzpfygw,f?
Ekid if jH cm;uwifoiG ;f wJh ukepf nfawGuv
kd nf; (DSI) rSwqifh wifoiG ;f &r,fv@kd trde@f xw
k +f yD;
uefxdkufvkyfief;awGudkvnf; (DSI) u odrf;,lygw,f? oGif;ukef xkwfukef vdkifpifawGudkvnf;
f ,
G yf gw,f? ppfwyf&J DSI eJ@ BEDC ud,
k w
f ikd u
f awmh taumuf
ppfwyf&J DSI eJ@ BEDC uyJuikd w
awmfceG /f bmcGef nmcGe/f tcGerf eS o
f r# wckrrS ay;&wJt
h wGuf tjrwf}uD; jrwf+yD; tyG}uD;yGcyhJ gw,f?
b,favmufxdawmif tjrwf}uD;jrwf+yD; tyG}uD;yGcJhovJqdk&if DSI eJ@ BEDC [m b%fvkyfief;eJ@
235
0if;wihfxGef;
yifv,fu;l oabmFvyk if ef;awGtxd wd;k csJ ydik q

f ikd f vkyu
f ikd Ef idk cf w
hJ t
hJ xdjzpfygw,f? tif;0b%f[m
Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD; OD;pD;wJh ppfwyfyikd jf zpfovd/k =u,fig;yGio
hf abmFvyk if ef;[mvnf; ppfwyfyikd jf zpfchJ
ygw,f?
oHk;bD;um;awGwifoGif;+yD; ppfAdkvfeJ@ AdkvfxGufawGudk av#mhaps;eJ@jyefa&mif;wm/ pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;awGcsay;+yD; a0pkcGJay;wmawGvnf; Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; OD;pD;+yD;vkyfudkifay;cJhw,f?
ppfwyfu ppfAdkvf}uD;/ ppfAdkvfav;awG tm%mt&om aumif;aumif;odvm=uw,f?
tm%m&JatmufrmS bmpD;yGm;a&;vkyv
f yk f atmifjrifw,f/ atmifjrifrv
_ nf; jrefw,fv@kd rSwx
f if
em;vnfvm=uw,f? Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; [m oludk,fol pD;yGm;a&; tifrwef u|rf;usifvkyfudkif
wwfolvdk@awmif xifvmyHk&w,f?
ppfAdkvfxdyfoD;awGrSefor#[m pD;yGm;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;/ vlr_a&; vkyfief;awG
tm;vH;k rSm yg0ifywfouf pGuzf ufrkH u OD;pD;OD;udik f y+yD; cs,v
f ,
S cf =hJ uygw,f? t&yfzufvyk if ef;awG
wdkif;/ tpdk;&XmeawGwdkif;rSm 0ifa&mufae&m,lcJh=u+yD; wm0efcH}uD;awG txl;t&m&SdawG OD;pD;
OD;aqmif}uD;awG vkyfcJh=uygw,f? aomhcsufae&mrSefor# ppfwyfuudkifwG,fcJhygw,f?
Adv
k rf ; }uD;ausmpf ;kd u jynfwiG ;f a&a=umif;o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&;/ Adv
k rf ; }uD;cif!kd u rD;&xm;
vkyfief;udk udkifygw,f? rD;&xm;tjyif ukefoG,fa&;vkyfief;awGxJvnf; 0ifa&muf}uD;=uyfvdkufyg
ao;w,f? Adv
k rf ; csKyfwu
D vpf u ava=umif;o,f,al &;/ Akv
d rf ; }uD;beD u a=u;eef; qufo,
G af &;
udk udik yf gw,f? Adv
k rf ; }uD;apmjrifh u e,fjcm;a'otkycf sKyfa&;Xmeopf zGihf o
kH mru e,ferd w
d w
f ikd ;f
xGma&;qdkif&mudkyg OD;pD;OD;&Gufyygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD;cspfrdifu trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwifXmeudkudkif+yD;/
Adkvfr;}uD;vSatmif u ajrwdkif;Xmeudk 0ifa&mufOD;aqmifwm vkyfygw,f? oef@&Sif;tpdk;&tay:
rausreyfjzpfcJh+yD; vufeufeJ@zwfcs&r,fvdk@ auG;a=umfcJhwJh Adkvfr;}uD;=unf0if; u ajr,meJ@aus;
vuf}uD;yGm;a&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f udk udik w
f ,
G f rkH u tjrwfawmfa=u;Xmeukyd g OD;pD;}uD;=uyfw,fqw
kd m
vkyfygw,f? bDtdkpDukr`%DrSmvnf; 'gdkufwmtjzpf vkyfvdkufygao;w,f?
Adv
k rf ; }uD;=unfarmif u opfxw
k v
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kH ajccHOya'}uD;udk b,favmuftav;xm;+yD; OD;xdy&f u
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k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; atmufu ppftyk f
pkxdyfoD;wodkufuvnf; tajccHOya'udk apmifhoddkaoyga=umif; auG;a=umfcJh=ukHru olrsm;udkyg
opPmtycdik ;f +yD; pmtkyaf &SpmrsuEf mS awGrmS xnfo
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ay;zdk@ v$wfawmfac: awmif;qdkwifjyvmjcif;jzpfygw,f?
jynfolvlxlu tdrfapmifhtpdk;&qdkwJh ppftpdk;&vufatmufu jrefjrefvGwfajrmufEkdifzdk@
{+yDvrSm usif;yay;vdrfhr,fvdk@ ,lqxm;wJh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk ar#mfvifhaecsdef/ oef@&Sif;
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awG@ae&+yD; jrefjrefa&G;aumufy}JG uD;jzpfapvdak ecsed rf mS yk'rf (116) udk jyifqifay;zd@k awmif;qdv
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k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; &J yk'rf (116) jyifqifay;
a&; awmif;qdck suu
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h pd;k &&J olyek af wGtay: jywfjywf
om;om; ppfqifwdkufcdkufr_awGtay: jyif;xefwif;rmvSwJh uGefjrLepfESdrfESif;a&;awGtay: oabm
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240
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ae0if; eJ@ ppfwyftiftm;pkudk wnf+rJ&J a&&SnftusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf ar#mfvifhcsufxm;+yD; axmufcH
acsmhjrLvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
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cHpm;ae&ayr,fh Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; rsuEf mS !drk mS pd;k &GH wma=umifah &m a&&Sno
f ef@&iS ;f tusKd ;twGuf
ygar#mfudk;+yD; acsmhjrLa&;ay:vpD usifhoHk;&if; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; &J wifjyawmif;qdkr_udk acgif;ndwf
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tzGJ}uD;jzpfygw,f? yrnwtrwf ocifcspfarmif u EkdifiHawmfol EkdifiHom;rsm;u ygvDrefv$wf
awmf}uD;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmufygw,f? ygvDrefv$wfawmfu ygvDreftpdk;&udk a&G;aumufwif
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=um;cJhygw,f? Zmwf}uD; (10) bGJvm 0d"l& Zmwfawmf}uD;udk yrmyI aum&As rif;}uD;eJ@wlwJh
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k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if; tvdu
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hf mG ;&ygw,f? ygvrD efu
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tpdk;& oufwrf;twGif; yk'fr (116) udk qdkif;ihHonfh tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuf
ukd jymef;twnfyay;vdkufygw,f?
241
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tcsed q
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w,f? OD;oD[ef u ukeo
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k mukd azmfxw
k +f yD; }uHc ikd af &;
toif;rsm;ESiw
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ppfqifa&;ESifh &mZ0wfr_ESdrfeif;a&;awGrSm xnfhoGif;toHk;csjcif;awGudkvnf; us,fus,fjyef@jyef@
vkyfudkifcJhygw,f?
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awGjzpfygw,f? awmvufaus;&GmESifh e,frdi,fuav;awGrSm aemufxyf us,fus,fjyef@jyef@
ay:vmwmuawmh &yf&Gm tdk;tdrf pnf;pdrfudk rdrdwdk@zmom umuG,fEkdifa&;twGuf qdk+yD 'l;av;
0g;c|efwyfawG zGJpnf;apwmjzpfygw,f? &yf&Gmudk ql;wyfawGcsxm; 0ef;&Hapwm/ umuG,fa&;uif;
awG ae@nrjywfcsxm;ap+yD; aomif;usef;olESdrfESif;a&;rSm yg0ifapwmawGvkyf+yD; ppfZmwfoGif;cJhyg
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$ af wmfrmS &Sr;f apmf
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242
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tjyif/ vlxak &G;aumufwmr[kwb
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h wGuf tJ'ED pS x
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o&mZf tm%mpGe@f vw
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hf ajymqdck =hJ uzl;ygw,f?
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pGef@v$wfa&;udpP +yD;pD;oGm;cJhygw,f?
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S af &;xd;k +yD; oabmwl
tm%mpGe@f vw
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qdk=uoHawG xGufay:vmcJhygw,f?
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ref;0if;armif eJ@twl 0ef}uD;csKyf Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; wwfa&mufum tm%mudk &ufa&mpGm pGe@f vw
$ f
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ajrmif;aom vlrsKd ;a&;pdw"f mwfukd pGe@f vw
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om,ma&;udk a&Sl=u&efv@kd ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; ar#mv
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cJhyJ tdrfapmiftpdk;&vufxufrSm wu,fwdk;wufjzpfay:vmcJhwmuawmh &Srf;trsdK;om;v_yf&Sm;r_
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f yl ek rf sm; w[kew
f ;kd wd;k wuf}u;D rm; rsm;jym;vmjcif;jzpfygw,f?
1959 ckESpf/ {+yDvxJrSmyJ ppftkyfpktwGif; ajctoGufqHk;vlwOD;vnf;jzpf/ tm%mawmif;
acgi;f aqmifwOD;vnf;jzpfwhJ Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD; udk Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u 'kw,
d umuG,af &;OD;pD;
csKyftjzpf cef@tyfajrupf m;vdu
k yf gw,f? 1949 ckEpS f Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; ppfO;D pD;csKyftjzpf xrf;aqmifwm
0ef,lcsdefup+yD; wav#mufvHk; b,foludkrS rcef@tyfbJxm;cJhwJh vpfvyfaewJh 'kwd,ppfOD;pD;csKyf
ae&mudk Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}u;D tm; ay;vdu
k w
f mjzpfygw,f? t&ifu cef@tyf&r,fq&kd if wyfwiG ;f xH;k pH
0gpOft& Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm udyk J cef@tyf&rSmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;ua&m tm%m& zqyv
tpd;k &tqufqufuyg wrifnpfywf+y;D uGuv
f yftjzpfxm;cJw
h ahJ e&mudk Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfausmaf Zm vnf;
wyfwGif;rSmr&SdawmhwJhtcsdef tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tjzpf ppftkyfpk}uD; wefcdk;=oZmxufjrufvmcsdefrSm
Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; udkcef@tyfvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
ppftkyfpk}uD;&J wefcdk;=oZm }uD;rm;vmavav tm%mvuf0g;apmif; xufvmavav/
+idr;f csr;f a&;toHawG aysmufu,
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&Sm;vdk@ r&EkdifawmhavmufatmifjzpfcJh+yD; 59 ckESpfxJrSm &yfqdkif;xm;vdkuf&ygw,f?
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243
0if;wihfxGef;
a&;ygww
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ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f? OD;atmifoef; (AdkvfcsKyftudk)wdk@&J jynfol'Drdkua&pDygwDu tpk&,f/
ocifoifwdk@&J trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDu tpk&,f/ AdkvfcifarmifOD; wdk@&J &Jabmfaygif;pHkxdrf;odrf;
a&;u tpk&,f/ tpk (3) pku yk*~dKvfawGudktajccH+yD; jynfolwdk;wufa&;ygwD udk zGJpnf;vdkuf=u
wmjzpfygw,f? jynfolwdk;wufa&;ygwDrSm wdk;wufwJh pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&mwcsdKvnf;
yg0ifvm=uygw,f?
tdraf pmift
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qef@usiaf &; Ekid if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_awG vkyv
f @kd r&atmif +idr0f yfyjd ym;a&;pDrcH suaf wG w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;
qdkwJh ESdyfuGyfwif;=uyfr_awGeJ@ v$rf;rdk;csKyfudkifxm;ygw,f?
ajray: EkdifiHa&;tzGJtpnf;awGudk rv_yfEkdifatmif csKyfudkifxm;wmeJ@wydifeuftwGif;rSm/
awmwGi;f vufeufuikd f awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkawGtm;vH;k tay:rSmvnf; bufaygi;f pHx
k ;kd ppf}uD;awG
yvkyfcJhygw,f? txl;ojzifh uGefjrLepfygwDudk OD;wnfacsr_ef;zdk@ ud;pm;wJh ppfqifa&;}uD;awGu
t"dujzpfcJh+yD; jyif;jyif;xefxef &uf&ufpufpuf qifE$JcJhygw,f? wzufu Oya'udk av;pm;vdkuf
ema&; wzGzGatmf[pf&if; wzufu aumufaumufuspfuspf atmufvrf;enf;rsdK;pHkukdvnf; ,kwf
,kwfrmrm usifhoHk;cJhygw,f?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD jrpfzsm;a'owdik ;f wdik ;f aumfrwD0if Adv
k o
f ed ;f udk ppfwyfu zrf;qD;&&Sd
cJh+yD; taoowfjypfcJhygw,f? xGufajy;vdk@ ypfowfvdkuf&wmygvdk@ ta=umif;jyygw,f? Adkvfodef;
[m zufqpfawmfvSefa&;uwnf;u tpOftvm&SdcJhwJh ta&;}uD;wm0efawGudk xrf;aqmifcJhwJh
AdkvfwOD;jzpfygw,f? 48 ckESpfrSm wyfrawmfwyf&if; (3) eJ@twl awmcdkcJhwmjzpfygw,f? Adkvfodef;
aemufydkif;rSm Adkvfodef; vdkyJ xGufajy;vdk@ ypfzrf;vdk@/ ypfzrf;&if;aoqHk;oGm;&w,fqdkwJh owif;awG
qufwdkufxGufvmygw,f? AdkvftmVm0u/ ocifwifaz/ ocifarmif}uD; eJ@ q&muGef; wdk@wawG
usq;kH towfco
H mG ;&ygw,f? Adv
k t
f Vm0u [m uGejf rLepfygw&D J wdik ;f (3) ppfa&;wm0efcjH zpfygw,f?
tpOftvm}uD;wJh zufppfawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygw,f? *syefzufqpfawmfvSef
a&;rSm txufArmjynfwdkif;r; Adkvfr;Axl; usqkH;oGm;+yD;aemuf Adkvfr;Axl; ae&mudk qufcHwm0ef
,lcJholvnf;jzpfygw,f? 45 ck aeol&defacwfrwdkifrD jynfolw&yfvHk; zqyv tvHawmfatmuf
&yfwnfpkHk;=u+yD; nDnD!Gwf!GwfeJ@ wdkif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;udk aqmif&GufoGm;=uzdk@ =o*kwfv (12)
&ufae@rmS rsKd ;cspAf rmhwyfrawmf ppfacgi;f aqmif (10) OD;&J xkwjf yefa=unmcsurf mS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;/
Adkvfvusfm/ AdkvfaZ,s/ Adkvfae0if;/ AdkvfausmfaZm wdk@eJ@twl yg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhwJh ordkif;0if
ppfacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygw,f? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufatmufrSm tid;w}uD; uGefjrLepfokwfoifajc
r_ef;a&;atmufrSm usqHk;oGm;cJh&ygw,f?
1959 ckESpf/ ara';ae@rSm oef@&Sif;zqyv OD;Ek &J emrnfausmf ara';rdef@cGef;}uD; xGufay:
vmygw,f? ara';ae@rwdik rf D {+yv
D xJrmS yJ OD;Ek [m tar&duefuo
kd mG ;cJah o;+y;D 0g&iS w
f ef ArmoH;kH rSm
yvkyfwJh owif;pmuGefz&ifhwckrSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk acsmhjrLumuG,f&if;tckvdk &Sif;jyajymqdk
wmwck vkyfcJhygw,f?
ArmjynfwGif usa&mufvsuf&Sdaom 'Drdkua&pDtE W&m,fonf rnfonfht&yfuvmI
244
0if;wihfxGef;
rnfolwm0efjzpfonfqdkonfudk xkwfazmfajymqdk&eftwGuf tcsdefwcsdefudk rdrda&G;cJha=umif;/ ,if;

tE &W m,fonf Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; r[kwaf =umif;/ Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;onf vlaumif;wOD;jzpfa=umif;/ od@k aomf
ol.&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf aumif;rGefvifhupm; ae&mwumwGif if;udk,fwdkif raqmif&Guf
Edkifa=umif;/ odk@jzpfI ol.csrSwfcsuftcsdKrSm zsufvdkzsufqD;yjcif;cH&a=umif;/ ,if;odk@zsufqD;cH&
onfrSm AdkvfcsKyf. vufatmufi,fom;rsm; vufcsufa=umifhjzpfa=umif; vdk@ajymqdkcJhygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk udwifajymqdkr_awGvkyf+yD; aemufydkif;rS OD;Ek [m ol&J emrnfausmf ara';ae@rdef@cGef;}uD;udk
ajymqdkwmjzpfygw,f? tmZmenfukef;rSm 'Drdkua&pDqENjyyGJ}uD;rSm ajymqdkwmjzpfygw,f? tmZm
enfuek ;f rSm 'Dru
kd a&pDqENjyyG}J uD;usi;f y+yD; ode;f eJ@ aomif;eJ@ csw
D ufvmwJh vlx}k uD;udk rde@f ceG ;f ac|wm
jzpfygw,f?
yrnw eJ@ w&m;r#wr_ygwDwdk@uvnf; wufa&mufvm=uygw,f? OD;Ek u 'Drdkua&pD
tarSmifusae&wJh tajctaeawGukd zGi[
hf oGm;ovdk wav#mufv;kH ppfwyfudk ypm;ay; vkyu
f ikd v
f m
cJ&h wJh ol@&J wu,ft
h jzpftysut
f rSeaf wGuv
kd nf; zGi[
hf 0efco
H mG ;cJyh gw,f? OD;Ek u ol&J ara';ae@
rdef@cGef;xJrSm +idrfcsrf;a&;&zdk@twGuf olykefawGudk vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhawG/ vdkufavsmr_awG/ wwf
Ekdifoavmuf vkyfay;cJhw,f? tJ'gudk u|efawmfrjiif;ygbl;? 'gayr,fh b,fvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;
ay;/ b,fvu
kd af vsmcsuu
f ykd J vkyv
f yk /f u|eaf wmf[m wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifawGe@J wdik yf if+yD; olw@kd &J
oabmwlnDcsufudk &rSvkyfw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; Armhwyfrawmfacgif;aqmifawG&J
oabmwlncD surf &bJ u|eaf wmf bmwckrrS vkycf @J b;l ? ay;cJo
h r# vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGiahf wG/ vkycf o
hJ r#
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k af v#mcGiahf wGtm;vH;k [m wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifawGe@J wdik yf if+yD; olw@kd &J oabmwlncD suu
f &kd rS
usaemfvyk cf w
hJ ,f? ukeu
f ek af jymr,f? olyek af wGe@J ywfoufwhJ a=unmcsuaf wG usaemf&h J rde@f ceG ;f awG
tm;vH;k [m wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifawGujkd y+yD;rS xkwjf yefcw
hJ ,f? wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifawGu jyif
p&m&Sdwmjyif+yD;rS usaemfajymcJhwmjzpfw,f? vdk@ &ifzGifhoGm;cJhygw,f? OD;Ek udk,fwdkif ppfwyfudk
b,favmufacsmhjrLcJh&w,f ppfwyf[m b,favmuf tay:pD;uaecJh&w,fqdkwm&J om"u
wckjzpfcJhw,f?
58 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwH;k u oef@&iS ;f zqyv nDvmcHrmS ocifwif u rde@f ceG ;f ay;&mrSmvnf;
jynfolwdk@rSm zufqpf0g'udk ,ckrsufarSmufy &ifqdkifae&a=umif;/ vlxktm; 'Drdkua&pDray;bJ
aoewfeJ@ypf csdrf;ajcmuf/ tm%meJ@ nif;qJ+yD; EkdifiHa&;tm%mvkonfh vrf;pOfay:aea=umif;/
xdv
k rf;pOfukd tjyif;txefacsre_ ;f +yD; 'Dru
kd a&pDausmufwikd x
f &l efvakd =umif; vd@k zGi[
hf +yD; ppfwyfukd
a0zefcJhygw,f?
OD;EkurE Wav;rd a[majymyGJwckrSmvnf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHonf ,cktcg vrf;qHk
vrf;cGa&mufaea=umif;/ 'Drdkua&pDvrf;/ uGefjrLepfvrf; eJ@ zufqpfvrf;jzpfa=umif;/ EkdifiHudk uGefjrL
epfeJ@ zufqpfrjzpf&ef a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&efvdka=umif;/ a[majym toHay;cJhygw,f?
rv$Jomra&Smifom tm%mxdk;ay;+yD; ab;xGufxdkifaevdkuf&wJh oef@&Sif;zqyv [m
tm%mudk &,luikd w
f ,
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&mvrf;a=umif;udk roufrom jrifawGcHpm;ae&ayr,fh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tay:awmh acsmhjrLa&;
ay:vpDudkom txyfxyfusifhoHk;aecJh=u&ygw,f?
245
0if;wihfxGef;
59 ckESpf tmZmenfae@ pnf;a0;yGJwckrSmyJ OD;Ek u uGufopfvlxkrsuf&nfusae&ygw,f?

jynfolwdk@rSm bmrSjyefrajym0HhbJ 'l;eJ@rsuf&nfokwfae&yg+yD vdk@ &mZ0ifwGif rdef@cGef;wckajymjyefyg
w,f?
OD;Ek tmZmenfae@ rde@f ceG ;f rajymcif ZGev
f xJrmS Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; tpPa&;Ekid if u
H kd csp=f unf
a&;c&D;oGm;ygw,f? uvwWm;avqdyfrSm tdEdN, owif;axmufawGu ArmjynfrSm a&G;aumufyGJ
b,fawmhusi;f yrvJ qdw
k hJ ar;cGe;f udk zd+yD;ar;=uygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u rv$o
J mra&Smifom
{+yDvxJavmufrSm usif;yay;ygr,f vdk@ajzcJhygw,f? tJ'Dvdkajzqdk+yD;wJhaemufrSm OD;Ek &J tmZm
enfae@rdef@cGef; xGufay:vmcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; atmufu ppftkyfpkxdyfoD;0if wcsdKuawmh tm%mudk qufvufqkyf
udik x
f m;vd+k yD; +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ta=umif;jycsuef @J xyfrt
H csed q
f v
JG =kd uygw,f? aemufwa=umh &ufum
vxyfwdk;ay;zdk@ awmif;qdkvdk=uygw,f? OD;Ek u ray;vdkawmhyg? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;eJ@ a&G;aumufyGJ
vkyrf ay;bJ qufvuftcsed q
f v
JG m&if tm%mudzk q
D efz@kd jyifygw,f? tEka&m/ t=urf;yg wdu
k yf q
JG if
Ekid zf @kd q;kH jzwfygw,f? yxrqH;k enf;u +idr;f csr;f aomenf;eJ@ tm%mzDqefenf;udk usio
hf ;kH +yD; wdu
k &f ef
jzpfygw,f? tJ'eD nf;udu
k sio
hf ;kH wdu
k yf 0JG ifwt
hJ cg (1) t=urf;rzufjzpfap&ef/ (2) pnf;urf;ao0yfap
&ef/ (3) wAdv
k u
f s wAdv
k w
f ufjzpfap&efq+kd yD; acgi;f aqmifoifwef;awGziG yhf gw,f? t=urf;enf;tjzpf
vufeufudkifwdkufzdk@vdk&if wdkufcsifwJhvlawGtwGufvnf; tiftm;pkaqmif;wm/ jyifqifwmawG
vkyfygw,f?
v#dK0Suf+yD; avhusifhjyifqifwmjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdk jyifqifpdkif;jyif;xm;=uwmawG
udk Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u ol&J axmufvrS ;f a&;awG/ taxmufawmfawGqu
D wqifh aumif;aumif;
od&Sdae+yD;jzpfygw,f?
vlxku ppfwyfudk b,favmufrkef;wD;ae+yDqdkwmudkvnf; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; aumif;
aumif;od&Sd+yD;jzpfovdk/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm t+yD;tydkif qufvuf tm%mudk qkyfudkif&,lvdkufr,fqdk&if
tHkuGr_awGjzpfay: +yD; _H;edrfhoGm;Ekdifw,fqdkwmudkvnf; wGufcsufrd+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f? Oya'twGif;&Sd
yrnwudk rdKifyxm;wJh 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pktm;vH;k uvnf; ppfwyfe@J ppftyk pf u
k kd wpnf;wvH;k
xJ qef@usifae=uovdk/ ppftkyfpkudk,fwdkifrSmvnf; t+yD;owftm%modrf;yGJ qifE$Jzdk@txd tpp
toifrh jzpfao;wmudv
k nf; Adv
k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;u tuif;yg;pGm wGucf surf +d y;D jzpfygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}u;D
ae0if; u aemufudkwvSrf;qkwfay;zdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkufygw,f?
=o*kwv
f v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;wckrmS yrnw trwfwOD; u b,fawmha&G;aumufyJG
usi;f yrvJ qdw
k ahJ r;cGe;f udk tcdik t
f rm xyfr+H yD;ar;ygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; &J rD;pdr;f jyxm;r_t&
tpdk;&tzGJ0ifudk,fpm;vS,f w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD; OD;csrfxGef;atmif u 1960 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
odk@r[kwf azazmf0g&DvrSm vkyfay;ygr,fvdk@ajzcJhygw,f? EkdifiHa&;ygwD0if tzGJtpnf;awG 0rf;om
oGm;=uygw,f? v_yfv_yf&Sm;&Sm;vnf; jyefvnfjzpfay:pyvmygw,f?
a&G;aumufyv
JG yk af y;zd@k qH;k jzwfvu
kd af yr,fh tdraf pmift
h pd;k &&J bufaygi;f pHk wif;wif;=uyf=uyf
usifhoHk;csKyfukdifaewJh ay:vpDawGudkawmh eJeJav;rS tav#mhray;cJhyg? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtay:
qufvuf vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;+yD; ppfwyftusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf tjrwfxkwf+rJ xkwfcJhygw,f?
246
0if;wihfxGef;
tif;0b%fvyk if ef;/ =u,fig;yGio

hf abmFvyk if ef;/ ukeyf pPn;f ppfaq;a&;vkyif ef;/ aejynfawmf
ydk@aqmifa&;vkyfief;wdk@udk omru/ kd;ukr`%Dvkyfief;/ jrefrmjynf[dkw,frsm;vdrdwuf/ v#yfppfESifh
pufrv
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ukr`%Dvdrdwuftxd zGJpnf;csKyfudkif vkyfudkifcJhygw,f//
ppfa&;rSmvnf; aomif;usef;oltywfwdkufa&;acgif;pOfeJ@ p}uFmarmif/ a[ref/ jrL/ odef;&J/
atmifvHawmf/ yHkawmif&Sif/ atmifoD[/ atmifarmfat; pwJh ppfqifa&;}uD;awG t}uD;tus,f
qifE$JHkru/ pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;vkyfief;awGyg t&Sdeft[kef wdk;csJvkyfudkifcJhygw,f? txl;ojzifh
uGejf rLepftywfwu
kd af &;OD;wnf+yD;/ "rR E &W m,f pdw"f mwfppfqifa&; vkyif ef;}uD;udyk g tus,jf yef@
qH;k vkyu
f ikd cf yhJ gw,f? uGejf rLepfawG[m "rRtE &W m,f awGjzpfw,f? omoemawmfukd zsuq
f ;D ae=u
w,fqdk+yD; aoaocsmcsm tuGufcs jyifqifwdkufcdkufcJhygw,f? vnfyif;awmfjywf/ OD;acgif;awmf/
rudkfawmfyg tvJvJ tydydjzpfae&wJh qif;wkawmfawGyHk/ ysufpD;a=urGae&wJh bk&m; apwD ykxdk;/
ausmif;uefawGyykH g "mwfykH u
kd f yH}k uD;csJ +yD;/ "rR E &W m,fpmapmifawG oef;csD u
dk Ef ydS f jzef@csad y;cJyh gw,f?
oHCmawmfawG csO;f uyf/ jynfoal wGupkd nf;H;k v_H aqmfay;+yD; "rR E &W m,f pmapmifawGukd awmud
c=H um;rusef yd@k a0&if;/ "rR E &W m,f ppfqifa&;}u;D udk Edik if aH &;/ ppfa&; &nfreS ;f csuaf wGtwGuf tukef
uscHaqmif&GufcJhygw,f?
1959 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvrSm oef@&iS ;f zqyv nDvmcHrmS OD;Ek u Ak'b
< momudk Edik if aH wmf
bmomjzpfap&rnf vd@k t"dmefya=unmwmeJ@ ppfwyf&J "rR E &W m,f ppfqifa&;[m qHpk nf;rdomG ;
ygw,f?
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&u a&G;aumufyGJudk Zefe0g&Dv odk@r[kwf azazmf0g&DvrSm vkyfay;r,fvdk@
a=unmajymqd+k y;D aemufyikd ;f usi;f ywJh oef@&iS ;f nDvmcH[m vlx=k um; OD;Ek&J uw
d ifpnf;H;k yGw
J ckvnf;
jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
1959 ckEpS /f pufwifbm (14) &ufae@rmS wyfr; rsm;nDvmcHvyk yf gw,f? 17 &ufae@ nDvmcH
tpnf;ta0;rSm tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tjzpf t&yfbufXme toD;oD;rSm 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifae=uwJh
wyfrawmf xdyfoD;t&m&Sd}uD;awGu olwdk@ yg0ifvkyfukdifaqmif&Gufae=uwJh zufpyfvkyfief;/ rD;&
xm;vkyfief;/ ydk@aqmifa&;vkyfief;/ ppfbufukefpnf jzef@csda&;vkyfief;/ yifv,fa&a=umif;vkyfief;/
b%feJ@ taqmuftOD; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;/ xif;qDig;ydvkyfief;/ opfxkwfvkyfief;/ aumufyJ
oD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;/ aq;0g;xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;/ pufr_vufr_vkyfief;/ tvkyform;a&;&meJ@
jynfol@vkyfief;/ v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;vkyfief;/ taumufcGefeJ@ qdyfurf;tkyfcsKyfa&;vkyfief;/
oabmFusi;f vkyif ef;/ ava=umif;yd@k aqmifa&;vkyif ef;/ ajrwdik ;f vkyif ef;eJ@ rd&Gmom,ma&;vkyif ef;awG
ta=umif; toD;oD; toHaumif;[pf &Sif;vif;wifjy=uygw,f? wyfr;rsm;nDvmcHtwGif;rSmyJ
wyfr;tcsif;csif;=um; &Sif;vif;wifjy=uwmjzpfygw,f//
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aEG;yGJawGvnf; wyfwGif;rSmyJ vkyfukdifcJh=uygw,f?
247
0if;wihfxGef;
atmufwdkbm 29 / 30/ 31/ rSm r*Fvm'Hk trSwf (1) avhusifha&;cef;raqmifrSmyJ yxr

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cJhygw,f?
1959 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm (19) &ufae@rmS ygvrD efuzkd suo
f rd ;f ap+y;D jynfol v$waf wmfa&G;aumuf
yGJrsm;udk 1960 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (6) &uf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk azazmf0g&D
(29) &ufae@vdk@ owfrSwfa=umif; w&m;0if a=unmvdkufygw,f?
59 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm (21/ 22/ 23/ 24) &ufae@awGrmS &efuek f rd wyfrawmfuyGJ }kH u;D rSm vHk cH
a&;aumifpD &J wwd,t}urd af jrmuf nDvmcH}u;D usi;f yygw,f? {+yv
D (21) &ufae@wek ;f u usi;f y
cJhwJh 'kwd,t}udrfajrmuf vHkcHa&;aumifpDnDvmcHwkef;uvdk +idrf0yfydjym;a&;toHawG us,fus,f
avmifavmif rxGufvmawmhbJ a&G;aumufyGJudk b,fyHkb,fenf; usif;yay;r,fqdkwJhtoHawGu
yd+k yD; a&Swef;a&mufvmcJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh tdraf pmift
h pd;k & tm%mudk vufrv$w&f ao;cif=um;
ppfwyfu pD;yGm;a&;vuf0g;}uD;tkyf vkyfief;awGudk ydk+yD; ajcvSrf;oGufoGuf qufvufcsKyfudkif vkyf
udik cf o
hJ vd/k w&m;pD&ifa&;e,fukd ydik yf ikd Ef idk Ef idk f csKyfuikd x
f m;Ekid w
f ek ;f / olw@kd pw
d f uduf w&m;pD&ifra_ wGukd
+yD;jywfatmif vkyfaqmifcJhygw,f? &mZ0wfjypfr_awGudk jypf'%fay;&mrSm aemif=uOf&efESifh tjypf
'%fukd xda&mufpmG ay;&efqw
kd hJ aqmify'k u
f kd vufuikd f y+yD; zrf;qD;rdxm;wJh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD
A[dkaumfrwD0if Adkvfr;cspfaumif;tr_udk ao'%ftay;cdkif;cJhygw,f? 'DZifbm (14) &ufae@rSm
Adkvfr;cspfaumif; udk w&m;Hk;u ao'%fpD&ifcsuf cscJhygw,f?
tdraf pmift
h pd;k &[m ppftpd;k &jzpfwt
hJ wdik ;f ppfwyf&J cdik rf mawmifw
h if;r_ukd tav;xm;+yD;
bufaygif;pHkuae ppfwyfcdkifrmawmifhwif;a&;udk tpGrf;ukef azmfaqmifcJhygw,f? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&
umvtwGif;rSm ppfwyf&J vufeufudkiftiftm; wdk;csJa&;omru ppfvufeufypPnf; acwfrSDwdk;
wufa&;awGuykd g tav;xm;vkyaf qmifcyhJ gw,f? taemuf*smreDEidk if H z&pf0gemukr%
` eD @J pmcsKyfcsKyf
qdk0,f,lcJh+yD; wnfaqmufxm;wJh vufeufpufHkuae vufeufeJ@ usnfqHrsm;udkvnf; wdk;wuf
xkwfvkyfcJhygw,f? 5859 bma&;ESpftwGif; usnfqH (7) odef;cGJ xkwfvkyfEkdif&muae 5960
rSm (2) oef;ausmftxd xkwfvkyfEkdifzdk@ tqifoifh jzpfcJhygw,f? ppfvufeufqdkif&m ynmawmfoif
248
0if;wihfxGef;
awGtjzpf wyfwGif;uae a&G;cs,f+yD; tpPa&;/ *smreDeJ@ t*Fvefwdk@udk ydk@v$wfynmoifapcJhygw,f?

DSI, BEDC wdk@uaewqifh ppfwyfydkif t&if;tESD;udk e,fy,faygif;pHkrSm wdk;csJapEkdifcJh+yD;
pD;yGm;a&;t&vnf; csKyfuikd v
f r$ ;f rd;k Ekid af tmif aqmif&u
G Ef idk cf yhJ gw,f? pD;yGm;a&;t& ppfwyft&if;tES;D
udk twdkif;twmwcktxd atmifjrifatmif pkaqmif;rd+yD;jzpfygw,f?
tkyfcsKyfa&;t&vnf; tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxuftwGif; t&yfbufHk;Xme bkwfaumfydka&;
&Sif;awGtm;vHk; ppftkyfpk0if ppft&m&Sd}uD;awG tay:pD;uae 0ifa&mufae&m,l tkyfpD;cJh=u+yD;/
tkyfcsKyfa&;tawGtuHudk avhusifhprf;oyfcJh=u+yD; jzpfygw,f? udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; tkyfcsKyfwwf+yD
vdk@ rSwf,lawG;xifcJh=uygw,f?
jynfov
l x
l u
k awmh ppfwyf&J tm%myr_trsKd ;rsKd ;/ wif;=uyf zdEydS rf _ tzHzk /kH 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGihf
ta&;qHk;_H;&r_ tvDvDtjyif/ }uHcdkifa&;qdkolawG&J zdpD;ESdyfpufr_awGudkyg tqpf&&SdvdkufwJhtwGuf
ppfwyfukd trkef;}uD;rkef;+yD; ppftkyfcsKyfr_udk t&GH}uD; &GHcJhygw,f?
Ekid if aH &;tuif;yg;wJh OD;Ek u a&G;aumufy}JG uD;twGuf rJq,
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ygw,f?
59 ckEpS /f pufwifbm oef@&iS ;f nDvmcHwek ;f uvnf; OD;Eku Ak'b
< momudk Ekid if aH wmfbmom
jzpfap&rnf vd@k ajymcJzh ;l wm&Sw
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hJ wGuf Ak'b
< mom0ifO;D a&trsm;qH;k jzpfwhJ Armjynfov
l x
l }k uD;&J
trsm;wum trsm;pk}uD;u OD;Ek tay: pdwf!Gwfae=uqJtcsdefrSm 'Drdkua&pD eJ@ zufqpf b,f[m
a&G;rvJvdk@ ta&G;cdkif;vdkufawmhOD;Ek &J rJqG,fpnf;Hk;a&;t&Sdef[m xdyfuajy;aeygawmhw,f?
aqG+idrf; wnf+rJtzGJu OD;Ek [m bmoma&;udk EkdifiHa&;twGuf tjrwfxkwfaeygw,fvdk@
pGyfpGJwdkufcdkuf=uayr,fh OD;Ek u tomuav;ykwf+yD; a&Smifwdrf;jyvdkufygw,f? EkdifiHawmfbmom
a&;udk a&G;aumufyrJG mS xnfrh ajymyg? a&G;aumufyeJG @J a0;cJph Ofuwnf;u oef@&iS ;f zqyv&J vkyif ef;
pOfw&yftjzpf vufcHcJhjcif;jzpfygw,fh? vdk@ acsyjyvdkufygw,f?
oef@&iS ;f nDvmcHrmS Ak'b
< mom Edik if aH wmfbmomya&;udpP OD;Ek pwifajymuxJu wnf+rJ
u bmomckw;kH qdw
k phJ mtkyef @J OD;Ek ukd wdu
k cf yhJ gao;w,f? 'gayr,fh OD;Ek udk Ekid af tmifrwdu
k Ef ikd cf yhJ g?
OD;Ek u e,fpnf;Hk;a&;awGudk urBmat;apwD Z&yfawGtwGif; ac:,loifwef;ay;ygw,f?
ig;yg;oDvapmifhxdef;=uzdk@ &Gma&muf&if vl}uD;olr oHCmawmfawG OD;cdkuf=uzdk@ wzGzGrSmwmvkyfyg
w,f? pnf;H;k a&;r;awGu OD;Ek oifwef;ay;wJt
h wdik ;f aqmif&u
G =f uwJt
h wGuf &yf&mG &Sd vl}uD;ol}uD;
rsm;eJ@ oHCmawmfawG[m tvdkavsmuf OD;Ek &J pnf;Hk;a&;r;awGozG,f jzpfvm=uw,f?
bmoma&; eJ@ wdkufdkufywfoufwJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDw&yfawmif ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;e,frSm
awmif ay:aygufcJhzl;ygw,f? qmtrfat OD;armif}uD; OD;aqmifwJh Ak'<0g' jynfolqENtzGJcsKyf
qdkwmjzpfygw,f? ygwD&JtajccHvrf;pOfrSmudk Ak'<bmomudk EkdifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jymef;a&;
vdk@ owfrSwfv_yf&Sm;cJhayr,fh OD;Ek avmufatmifjrifr_ r&cJhyg?
OD;Ek udk xdk;ESufwdkufcdkuf&if; OD;ausmf+idrf; u EkdifiHa&;orm;awG[m ig;yg;oDvapmifh
xde;f zd@k rvdq
k w
kd hJ oabmrsKd ;ajymrdygw,f? OD;Ek wk@d oef@&iS ;f u OD;ausm+f ird ;f &J pum;udk csuaf umif;,l+y;D
OD;ausm+f ird ;f udk 'kov
D tjzpf jypfwifa0zef wke@f jyefygw,f? OD;ausm+f ird ;f u tcsed rf aD jz&Si;f ayr,fh
249
0if;wihfxGef;
rajyrvnfawmhbJ OD;Ek udk w&m;apmifhol/ OD;ausmf+idrf; wdk@udk w&m;uif;oltjzpf ydkrdkjrifvm

=uygw,f?
OD;AaqG u a&G;aumufyGJrSm aqG+idrf; wdk@Ekdifv#ifvnf;Edkifrnf/ H_;v#ifvnf;Edkifrnf vdk@
ajymvmwJhtwGuf OD;Ek u csufcsif;zGifhcs+yD; tuGufusus xdk;ESufwkef@jyefEkdifcJhygw,f? Adkvfcifarmif
uav; tyg wnf+rJ acgif;aqmiftcsKdu ppfwyfudk 'dk@vlawG qdkwJhoabmeJ@ *dkufcHajyma[m=u
av/ ppfwyfudkrkef;wD;ae=uwJh jynfolvlxkt=um; wnf+rJ[m txdemavjzpfvmygw,f? Adkvfcif
armifuav; udk aAGr,l=uygeJ@/ Adkvfcifarmifuav; pum;wcGef;ajymav/ oef@&Sif;twGuf rJawGt
rsm;}uD;&avvd@k awmif OD;Ek u rSwcf suf y ajymqdv
k mwJt
h xd wnf+rJ acgi;f aqmifawG rJq,
G pf nf;H;k
a&;pGrf;&nf 'va[musqif;vmygw,f? ppfwyfukd vlxkurkef;av/ wnf+rJ udkvnf; vlxku
tjrifuyfvmav jzpfvmygw,f?
wnf+rJvdkvm;ol wyfrawmftwGif; t&m&Sd}uD;i,fawGu oef@&Sif;&J pnf;Hk;a&;wufvm
av a'golykefx=uavjzpfvmygw,f? ajymifajymifwif;wif;bufvdkufwmawG ay:vmygw,f//
vufeufudkifrsm;yDyD t=urf;zuf+cdrf;ajcmuf pGufzufwmawGvkyfvmygw,f?
a&G;aumufyGJem;eD;vmav bufvdkufwJhowif;/ ppfwyf&J t=urf;zuf+cdrf;ajcmufwJh
owif;awG rsm;vmavjzpfcJhygw,f? aemufqHk;rSm EdkifiHawmforw}uD;udk,fwdkifu orw}uD;&J
rJqENe,f udk,fwdkifrSmyif bufvdkufr_ +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;ay:aeI tjcm;e,frsm;rSm awG;0Hhp&myifr&Sd
awmh/ w&m;r#wr_jzpfatmif aqmif&u
G af y;yg? qd+k yD; Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;xH pma&;+yD; ta=umif;=um;
&wJt
h xdjzpfvmygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; uawmh bufrvdu
k af &;rde@f ceG ;f udk ppfwyftwGi;f &Daumf
'g}u;D eJ@ zGit
hf jycdik ;f wmuvGv
J @kd bmrS xdxad &mufa&muf raqmif&u
G b
f J pifay:uae =unfah ecJyh gw,f?
'DZifbm (29) &ufae@rSm/ udkudk;u|ef;u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG jynfr jyefa&mufvmcJhyg
w,f? tif;pdeaf xmif/ &efuek af xmifw@kd rmS cGx
J m;ygw,f? a&G;aumufy0JG ifa&muf,OS f ydiv
f o
kd al wGukd
axmifxJuae trwfavmif;pm&if; wifcGifhay;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh axmifxJuae trwfavmif;pm
&if;wifco
hJ al wGvnf; &Scd yhJ gw,f? woD;yk*v
~ trwfavmif;tjzpf pm&if;wifoal wG xGuaf y:vmcJyh g
w,f? Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm u =unfjh rifwikd rf q
J ENe,fuae woD;yk*v
~ trwftjzpf pm&if;wifygw,f?
a&G;aumufyGJa=unmcsufawG yvlysHovdk xGufay:vmcJhygw,f?
wnf+ru
J oef@&iS ;f udk tykycf swu
kd cf u
kd af yr,f/h rJq,
G pf nf;H;k a&;vkyif ef;rSm oef@&iS ;f aemufu
aemufa,mifcHvdkufae&ovdkjzpfcJh&ygw,f? Ak'<bmom EkdifiHawmfbmomjzpfa&;udpPrSm wnf+rJu
qef@usifcJhw,fqdkayr,fh aemufqHk;rSmawmh jynfolvlxkuvdkvm;&ifawmh aqmif&Gufay;r,fvdk@
oabmxm;a=umif; qdk+yD; avajyxdk;cJhygw,f?
wnf+rJ&J a&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf;rSm uwdawG a0a0qmqmay;+yD; rJqG,fcJhygw,f?
trawmfa=u;ESpfqwdk;ay;r,f? tcGefaumufcHjcif;udk av#mhcsr,f? tv,fwef;ausmif;vc
vGwrf nf? txufwef;eJ@ wuUov
kd v
f nf; wpwp vcuif;vGwaf p&r,f? 0efxrf;rsm;b0 vHk cHa&;
udk apmifah &Smufay;rnf? 'Dru
kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&; tpGr;f ukef ud;yrf;rnfv@kd azmfjy rufv;kH ay;cJyh gw,f?
OD;Ek &J oef@&iS ;f uawmh 'Dru
kd a&pDuakd &G;rSmvm;/ zufppfpepfuakd &G;rSmvm; qdw
k mudyk J ta&G;cdik ;f cJh
250
0if;wihfxGef;
+yD; cJwvHk;xJeJ@ iSufESpfaumifypfEdkifcJhygw,f? zufppfqdkwm wnf+rJaqG+idrf;tkyfudk &nf!ef;ovdk

vdkeJ@ ppfwyfukd OD;wnf+yD;om;jzpfoGm;ygw,f? vlxkudufjzpfoGm;ygw,f?
yrnw tzGJ }u;D u (yrnw/ oef@&iS ;f / wnf+r)J !eaf ygi;f tpd;k &zGJ a&;wifygw,f? 'gayr,fh
OD;Ek &J b,fvrf;udka&G;rSmvJqdkwJh ar;cGef;auG;a=umfoHudk wdk;razmufEdkifawmhyg?
vlxk&J ppfwyftay: cg;oD;r_udk &dyfpm;rdvmwJh wnf+rJu aemufqHk;ud;yrf;csuftaeeJ@
ppfwyfvkyfwm wdk@ESifhrqdkif/ ppfwyfudk ppfwef;vsm;rsm;odk@ jyefydk@rnf? vdk@ vlxkuduf ajymif;vJ
auG;a=umf =unfhcJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh r&awmh? vlxku ppfwyfeJ@ wnf+rJ/ wnf+rJeJ@ ppfwyf/ '*F g;wck
&J acgif; eJ@ yef;tjzpfyJ em;vnfcH,lxm;vdkuf=u+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f? wnf+rJtzdk@ tajctaeodyf
raumif;Edkifawmhwmudk jrLeDpy,fa&G;aumufyGJawGu edrdwfjyvmygw,f? ygvDrefa&G;aumuf
yGJawGrSm wnf+rJvl}uD;awG cGufcGufvefatmif H_;edrfhcJhygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; uawmh ordik ;f 0ifaqmif&u
G cf su}f uD;wckukd atmifjrifpmG aqmif&u
G Ef ikd cf hJ
w,fv@kd emrnfaumif;,l *k%,
f 0l ifh uGm;Edik zf @kd wkw-f Arme,ferd w
d f oabmwlpmcsKyf tjrefq;kH
csKyfqdk+yD;ajrmufEdkifa&;udk wufokwfdkuf aqmif&Gufygw,f? wkwf0ef}uD;csKyf csLtifvdkif; u 1959
ckESpf/ 'DZifbm (22) &ufae@rSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyf csKyfqdka&;ay;pm
tay: jyefvnfjyef=um;pmay;ydk@ygw,f?
pmxJrSm 1960 jynfh/ Zefe0g&DvtwGif; yDuif;udkta&mufvmzdk@ zdwf=um;vdkufygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;/ Edik if aH wmfa&SaecsKyf/ 'kw,
d umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf wd@k yg0ifwhJ
aumfrpf&SifzGJ+yD; Zefe0g&Dv (23) &ufae@rSm yDuif;udkoGm;ygw,f? Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufae@rSm
wkwf-jrefrm ESpfEkdifiH e,ferdwfoabmwlpmcsKyf ukd w&m;0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk; csKyfqdkvdkuf=uyg
w,f? wu,fu 1954 ckESpfuxJu OD;Ek pwifcJh+yD; 56/ 57 ESpfckESpftwGif; OD;Ek/ OD;AaqG wdk@
0ef}uD;csKyf csLtifvdkif;eJ@ qufvuf aqG;aEG; oabmwlnDcJh=uwJh tajccHtcsuftvufawGtay:
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u emrnfaumif;,l csKyfqdkvdkufwJh oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfjzpfygw,f?
zDarmf/ a*:vH/ uefzef&GmoHk;&GmudpPa=umifh OD;Ek/ OD;AaqGwdk@vufxufawGtwGif; t+yD;
tjywf pmcsKyfrcsKyfqdkEdkifao;bJ tr#ifwef; usefae&cJhwJhudpPudk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u vufpowf
ay;oGm;wmjzpfygw,f? &GmoHk;&Gmukday;&&if olukd,fwdkif vufeufukdifwdkufr,fvdk@ auG;a=umfuef@
uGucf w
hJ hJ OD;Zefxm;qif udk Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u ac:,lnEd id_ ;f wdik yf ifjcif;awmifrybJ/ vkyaf qmifomG ;
cJhygw,f// OD;Zefxm;qif +idrfoufoGm;cJh&ygw,f?
1957 ckESpfu wkwf0ef}uD;csKyf csLtifvdkif;u tqdkycJh+yD;/ OD;Ek u ESpfEkdifiHe,fedrdwf
oabmwlnDr_ pmcsKyf csKyfqdk+yD;rS vufrSwfa&;xdk;csifw,fvdk@ ajym=um;cJhzl;wJh wkwf-jrefrm
cspf=unfa&;eJ@ wOD;ay:wOD; rusL;ausmfa&;pmcsKyfukdvnf; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u ol 0ef}uD;csKyfb0
twGif;rSm emrnfaumif;&zdk@ wufokwfdkuf+yD; csKyfqdkcJhygw,f?
251
0if;wihfxGef;
19
60 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ/ yxp/ OD;= Adkvf= ocif= q&m eJ ygvDrefacwfae0ifcsdef
1960
jref r mEd k i f i H a wmf &J tajctae
1960 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&D (6) &ufae@rSm jynfolv$wfawmftwGuf ygvDreftaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyGJ}uD; usif;yay:aygufvmygw,f?
oef@&Sif;/ wnf+rJ/ yrnw wdk@&J t}udwfte,f ,SOfydifyGJ}uD;ozG,f jzpfcJhayr,fh/ t"du
tm;jzifhawmh oef@&Sif;eJ@ wnf+rJwdk@&J tydiftqdkif AdkvfvkyGJ}uD;omef ydk+yD;ay:vGifcJhygw,f? 'Da&G;
aumufyGJ}uD;rSm Adkvfr;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZm wdk@vdk woD;yk*~vrsm;vnf; yg0if,SOfydif ta&G;cHcJhyg
w,f? yrnw u wcsdKrJqENe,fawGrSm yrnw ydkifwJh rJawGudkawmif oef@&Sif;trwfavmif;udk
ay;zd@k v_H aqmfwu
kd w
f eG ;f ay;cJyh gw,f? rJqENe,f (135) e,favmufrmS yJ 0ifa&muf,OS f ydif ta&G;cs,f
cHcJhygw,f?
a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifcif rJqG,fyGJawGrSm OD;Ek u 'Drdkua&pDudkom zd+yD;auG;a=umfcJhygw,f?
'Dru
kd a&pDuakd &G;rSmvm;/ zufqpfpepfuakd &G;rSmvm;/ 'Dru
kd a&pDujkd rwfE;dk &if toJ=um;urJwjym;udk
oef@&Sif;udkay;=uyg vdk@ rJawmif;cJhygw,f?
t&ifa&G;aumufyGJawGwkef;uvdk zqyv taeeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;yHkudk toHk;ycGifhr&
awmhwJhtwGuf oef@&Sif;u OD;Ek"mwfyHkudk rJyHk;trSwftom;tjzpf toHk;yygw,f? oef@&Sif;ua&G;
cs,v
f u
kd w
f t
hJ a&mifuvnf; &[ef;oHCmuduo
f moema&mif t0ga&mif jzpfygw,f? t0ga&mif
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256
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q&m}uD;rd_if;&J {+yD (25) yef=um;csufudk Armjynftvkyform; v,form;ygwD uvnf;

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xnfazmf aqmif&Guf&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh awmwGif;vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
udkyg tav;teufwdkufwGef;a=umif; qdkwm xGufay:vmcJhygw,f?
q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;u *smref'Drdku&ufwpforwEdkifiHudk aq;0g;ukozdk@ oGm;
a&mufumeD;qJqJ arv (20) &ufae@rSmyJ q&mraorD wdkif;jynf+idrf;csrf;a&;tppftrSefudk awG
oGm;csiyf gw,f? toufraorD +idr;f csr;f a&;twGuf wwfEikd o
f r#vy_ &f mS ;oGm;OD;r,f? qdw
k hJ pum;udk
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udkzsufodrf;+yD; yxp ygwDudk jyefvnfzGJpnf;wJhtcg zqyvyduGJpOfu oef@&Sif;rSmygvmcJh=uwJh
Edik if aH &;0g&ifh ocif}uD;awG tkypf w
k pktjzpf ygvmcJo
h vdk aemufr0S ifvmcJ=h uwJh awmfveS af &;rSmwke;f
u ppfAdkvf}uD;awGuvnf; wtkyfpk/ t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;wJhaemuf ygvm=uwJh t&m&Sd}uD;a[mif;rsm;/
a&Saersm;/ ynmwwf}u;D rsm;uvnf; tkypf w
k pk/ aygi;f tkypf k (3)pk yg0ifaecJyh gw,f? zGJ pnf;puxJu
EdkifiHa&;ar#mfrSef;csuftrsdK;rsdK;/ vlwef;pm;aemufcHtzkHzkHeJ@ pkyHyg0ifvm=uwmjzpfwJhtwGuf yxp
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D jkd zpfaecJyh gw,f? a&Su OD; wyfac:&wJh t&m&S/d t&mcHynm&S}d uD;
rsm;u OD; tkypf /k awmfveS af &;rSmyg0ifcb
hJ ;l wJh ppfAv
dk af [mif;}uD;rsm;u Adv
k f tkypf /k a&S;uwnf;u
EdkifiHa&;rSm yg0ifvm=uwJh ocifa[mif;}uD;rsm;u ociftkyfpk qdk+yD; jzpfay:vmcJh+yD; OD;Adkvfocif
yxp qdk+yD; vlxku uifyGef;wyfay;wmcH&ygw,f?
ociftkyfpkrSm ocifwif/ ocifausmfxGef;/ ocifyef;rdif/ ocifwifarmif/ ocifodrf;armif/
Adv
k w
f ifarmif}u;D / ocifcsex
f eG ;f / OD;apmvlv/l OD;tke;f jrif/h ocifxeG ;f tH/ ocifxeG ;f pde/f OD;wifO;D / OD;bZH/
OD;vGrf;yHk pwJhyk*~dKvfawG yg0if=uygw,f?
Adv
k t
f yk pf rk mS u &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f ifawGjzpfwhJ Adv
k rf ; atmif/ Adv
k rf if;acgi/f Adv
k Af v/ Adv
k w
f m&m/
AdkvfjrifhaqG/ AdkvfZifa,mf wdk@tyg AdkvfAwif/ Adkvfr;aomif;xdkuf/ Adkvfr;xifay: pwJh Adkvfa[mif;}uD;
awGyg0ifygw,f?
OD;tkyrf mS uawmh OD;0if;/ OD;csr;f om (tdik pf t
D uf)/ OD;cspaf z/ rd;k u;d OD;tke;f cif/ OD;ysKd +ird ;f / OD;vSausmf
tp&SdwJh yk*~dKvf}uD;awG yg0if=uygw,f?
tckvdk tkyfpk}uD; (3) pk uGJ+yD; rnDr!Gwfjzpfvm&wJh ta=umif;&if;uawmh tpuwnf;u
EdkifiHa&;tjrifrwl=u / &yfwnfr_tajccHrwl=uwmtay: wOD;ay:wOD; txiftjrifao;ae=uwm
uwa=umif;/ &mxl;tm%m,lcsif=uwmuwa=umif;/ ta=umif; (2) a=umif;a=umifhjzpfygw,f?
ociftkyfpku rdrdwdk@[m e,fcsJqef@usifa&;acwfuxJu wdkif;jynftwGuf yg0ifvmcJhol
awGjzpfygw,f? ESpf&Snfvrsm; EdkifiHa&;e,fy,fxJrSmyJ usifvnfvmcJh&/ tepfemcHvmcJh&wJhtwGuf
EkdifiHa&;tawGtuHeJ@ tar#mftjrifrSmvnf; rdrdwdk@uyJ omvGefovdk EdkifiHudk OD;aqmifxdkufol[m
vnf; rdrdwdk@omjzpfw,fvdk@ ,lqygw,f? OD;tkyfpk[m b,fwkef;urSvnf; tepfemcHcJhbl;olvnf;
257
0if;wihfxGef;
r[kwfyJ e,fcsJtvdkawmf&d t&m&Sd t&mcH vkyfvmwJholawG tckrS EdkifiHa&;xJa&mufvmolawG

vdkjrifygw,f?
Adv
k t
f yk pf u
k vJ rdrw
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f mwJo
h al wG/ touftE &W m,feJ
teD;qHk;tvkyfawG vkyfvm&olawGvdk jrifygw,f?
OD;tkyfpkuvJ rdrdwkd[m ociftkyfpkxuf ynmt&nftcsif; t&a&m/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m
tawGtuHt&yg tjywftowfomw,f? tpdk;&tzGJrSm acgif;aqmifjzpfoifhw,fvdk,lq+yD;
ociftkyfpk[m bmynmrS [kwWdywWd wwfajrmufcJholawG r[kwfvdk txifao;ygw,f?
'Dvekd J wygwt
D wGi;f twlwuG jzpfwnfa&muf&dS vm=u+yD;wJah emuf yxrqH;k pwif azmfjy
vdkufwJh aoG;uGJr_tjzpftysufuawmh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r_;ae&mtwGuf ta0rwnfhr_
jzpfygw,f? tdrfapmifhtpdk;& vufxufrSm zqyv taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r_; ocif ausmfxGef;
wa,muf rlqm r'g; jyefay;qGJr_eJ tzrf;cHcJh&ygw,f? ocif ausmfxGef; ae&mudk tJ'Dwkef;u
tpm;xdk;cef@tyfzdk OD;Eku OD;0if;udk vsmxm; pDpOfygw,f? ocifawGu qef@usifuef@uGufcJhygw,f?
tpdk;& &J pGyfpGJcsufudk rdrdwdku vufcHvdkufwJhoabm oufa&mufoGm;r,f/ ocifausmfxGef;rSm
tjypfr&SdqdkjyD; ta=umif;jy&if; uef@uGufcJh=uw,f qdkygw,f? 'ga=umifh aemufqHk;rSm ,m,D
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r_; tjzpf Adv
k rf if;acgiu
f ykd J cef@xm; ay;cJ&h ygw,f? 1960 jynfh rwfv (8)&ufae
ocifausmfxGef; vGwfvmwJhtcg taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; ae&mjyef,lygw,f? ocifausmfxGef;u
r&SdpOfu &mxl;vk,l=u+yD; vGwfvmwJhtcg jyefray;vdk=uvdk@ tzGJ}uD;twGif;rSm tkyfpkuGJaeyg
w,f vdk@ tpnf;ta0;wckrSm ajym=um;wJhtxd yxrqHk;tufoH pwifxGufay:vmygw,f?
'kw,
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f awmh OD;Eku yxptpd;k &tzGJ }u;D zGJ pnf;vdu
k w
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hJ cg 0ef}u;D enf;enf;
eJ@yJ zGJ pnf;vdu
k w
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f ,f/ ig&xdu
k w
f ,fe@J 0ef}uD;ae&m&csi=f u&if; aoG;uGcJ w
hJ mjzpf
ygw,f? 0ef}uD;enf;enf;eJ@ tpdk;&tzGJ zGJvdkufwmudk OD;/ Adkvf/ ociftkyfpk (3) pkvHk;u rausreyfjzpf
cJh=uw,fqdkygw,f? 0ef}uD;ae&m wae&mrS r&vdkufwJh OD;tkyfpku ydk+yD; rausreyfjzpfcJh=uw,f
qdkygw,f?
'Dvekd @J &mxl;ae&m&vdrk /_ ta&;ygwhJ ae&m,lvrkd a_ wG t&if;wnf+yD; tkypf yk dyuQ ydrk }kd uD;rm;
ay:vGifvmcJhygw,f? tpdk;&tzGJ zGJIrS &mZmyvif zifraEG;ao;cif tuGJ*,ufrsm; xGufvm&
onfrSm 0rf;enf;p&maumif;vSonf? ,ckowif;rsm; =um;&onfhtwdkif;qdkygu jynfaxmifpktzGJ
}uD;wGif tkypf ak &m*g/ &mxl;a&m*g xaepyvmonf? qdw
k hJ owif;pmawGu xkwaf zmfajymqdv
k m
wJhtoHawG wdwdvif;vif; xGufay:vmygw,f?
(17) vausmaf usmaf vmufyJ 0ef}uD;csKyfvyk &f +yD;/ rv$rJ a&Smifom tm%mjyefvaJ$ y;vdu
k &f wJh
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; uawmh ppfwyfudk ppfwef;vsm;jyefydk@+yD; t}uH^m%fxkwfaeygw,f? OD;Ek &J
tEdkif& yxp tzGJ}uD;u a&G;aumufyGJumvtwGif; ppfwyf&J rw&m;ojzifh bufvdkufusL;vGefr_
awGe@J ywfouf+yD; ta&;,laqmif&u
G rf a_ wGrvkycf if yg0ifywfoufc=hJ uwJh wyfrawmftwGi;f xdyo
f ;D
ppfAdkvf}uD;wodkufudk wyfrawmfuae t+yD;tydkif xkwfy,fjypfvdkufygw,f? OD;Ek u ta&;r,lcif
olu t&ifOD;atmif ta&;,ljyvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
258
0if;wihfxGef;
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oD;}uD;awGuawmh Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmifa&G/ Adv
k rf ; }uD; at;armif/ Adv
k rf ; }uD;wifarmif/ Adv
k rf ; }uD;vSarmf/
Adkvfr;}uD;=unf0if;/ Adkvfr;}uD;odef;wkwf/ 'kAdkvfr;}uD;cspfcdkif tygt0if wyfwGif; xdyfoD;}uD;awGjzpf
ygw,f? xkwyf ,fypfvu
kd w
f hJ xdyo
f ;D ppfAv
kd }f uD; (13) OD;xJrmS Adv
k rf ; csKyfarmifarmif vnf; yg0ifomG ;
ygw,f? aemufyikd ;f rSm Adv
k rf ; csKyfarmifarmifukd tpPa&;oHtrwf/ Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmifa&$ udk =opaw;vs
oH t rwf t jzpf cef @ tyf a y;&ef arwW m &yf c H c J h w J h t wG u f tpd k ; &u oH t rwf } uD ; rsm;tjzpf
cef@tyfay;cJhygw,f?
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OD;Ek u ta&;r,lcif udwifOD;atmif ta&;,ljyvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh OD;Ek u oltay: tjypfrjrifapyJ
taumif;jrifvmatmif zefwD;vdkufjcif;jzpfoGm;apygw,f? wenf;tm;jzifh OD;Ek udk t,HkoGif;wm
jzpfygw,f? aemufwcsuu
f wyfrawmfwiG ;f &Sd ajcpvufp&So
d /l wcsed rf mS oludk cGm&mwdik ;f vmEdik o
f l
awGukd tjywfacsre_ ;f vdu
k Ef ikd +f yD;jzpfomG ;ygw,f? uGejf rLepf-qd&k ,
S v
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u &yfwnfvmcJhwJh Adkvfae0if; [m tm%m& zqyv}uD;tuGJrSmvnf; qdk&S,fvpftkyfpkbufu
wav#mufvHk; &yfwnfvmcJh&mu (60) jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ&J aemufqHk;azmfjycsufrSm zqqdk&S,f
vpfawG&Jtcef; evHrxlEdkifawmhbl;qdkwm tydkifwGufqvdkuf+yD;+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf tckvdk jywfjywf
om;om; vrf;cGJvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; usqHk;+yD;wJhaemuf wpwp wyfwGif;rSm
ae&m,ledkifcJhwJh Adkvfae0if; [m jynfwGif;ppfumv}uD;twGif; ppfwyfudk ol&J vufeufudkifwyf
jzpfatmif ud;yrf;tm;xkwf arG;jrLvmEdik cf &hJ muae olukad rG;jrLcJw
h hJ qd&k ,
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f pfygw}D uD;udyk g tav;
xm;p&mrvdkavmufatmif }uD;rm;us,fjyef@wJh ppfwyftiftm;pkw&yfudk wnfaqmufxm;Ekdif+yD
jzpfwJhtwGuf qdk&S,fvpfygwDeJ@ ppfwyft=um; uwWDygvrf;cGJudk a&G;cs,fvdkufwJhoabmvnf;
aqmifygw,f? ppfwyf[m udk,fhbmomukd vGwfvGwfu|wfu|wf EkdifiHa&;ZmwfcHkay: wufuEdkifzdk@
tcsdeftcgudk apmifhvifh&if; udk,fhudk,fudktem;ay;&if; urBmhtcif;tusif;udkvnf; Adkvfae0if;
tuJcwf=unfah ecJyh gw,f? tdraf pmift
h pd;k &vufxuf tD*spu
f o
kd mG ;+yD; emqmudv
k nf; avhvm+yD;+yD
jzpfygw,f? ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD; emqm [m ppfwyfeJ@ tm%modrf;+yD;wufvmwJh tD*spforw}uD;jzpfyg
w,f? ygupPwefeJ@ tdENd,wdk@ukdvnf; oGm;a&mufavhvm+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
ppfwyfukd ppfwef;vsm;ydk@xm;&wkef;rSm tar&duef/ +Adwdef pwJh taemufEdkifiHawGqD Adkvf
csKyf}uD;ae0if; c&D;xGuyf gw,f? OD;Ek u Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; jynfyc&D;xGuw
f ikd ;f / jyefvmwdik ;f / oef;acgif
c&D;xGuf&if oef;acgif/ oef;acgifjyefvm&if oef;acgiftxd ysLysLiSmiSm vdkufvHudydk@vkyfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u 0g&SifwefeJ@ e,l;a,mufwdk@rSm aq;uko tem;,l&if; avhvmw,f
vdk@qdkygw,f? vef'efrSmtem;,laewHk; owif;pmq&mtcsdKu AdkvfcsKyf tm%mjyef,l&ef tcsdef
udak pmif+h yD; toifjh yifaeygovm; vd@k ar;=u jref;=uw,fqykd gw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u r[kwf
ygb;l ? toifrh jyifygb;l 'Dtwdik ;f ae&wm pdwcf sr;f omygw,f vd@k jyefvnfajz=um; ajymqdyk gw,f?
1960 jynfhESpfxJrSm 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek [m 'Drdkua&pDtacstjrpfwG,fEdkifa&;qdk+yD; twdkuftcH
awGyg yg0ifwJh aumfrwDtrsdK;rsdK;/ aumfr&SiftzHkzHk zGJay;ygw,f? t*Fvef'Drdkua&pDudk twk,l+yD;
vef'ef [du
k yf wf yef;+cHxrJ mS vdk AE<Kvyef;+cHxrJ mS vnf; jynfol [pfwikd f zGiahf y;+yD; ajymcsi&f majym
cGifh/ a[mcsif&ma[mcGifh yay;ygw,f?
259
0if;wihfxGef;
0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Ek [m olu,
kd w
f ikd f Ak'b
< momudk udik ;f di_ ;f Hrk u Ak'b
< momudk Edik if aH wmfbmom
vkyfcsifvGef;vSwJh pdwfaZmt[kef&Sdwmuvnf;wa=umif;/ a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD oef@&Sif;nDvmcHrSm
olomtm%mjyef&&if Ak'<bmomukd EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jymef;ay;zdk@ ud;yrf;aqmif&Gufr,f
qdw
k hJ uwdpum;&Sad ewmuvnf; wa=umif;a=umifyh g? vlaumfr&Sif oHCmaumfr&D iS zf JG +yD; pwifud;
yrf;wJhtcg om"kac: =uolawGtajrmuftjrm; ay:aygufvmovdk uef@uGuf=uolawG/ qef@usif=u
olawG/ pdk;&drfaomua&muf&olawGvnf; ae&mtESH ay:aygufvm&ygw,f?
wzufu 'Dru
kd a&pDt&dyt
f a&mifawG ydrk ykd iG v
hf rf;vmovd/k tjcm;wzufu OD;Ek tay: uef@
uGuf=uwJh a0zef=uoHawGuvnf; ydkrdk us,fus,f =um;vm&ygw,f? Ak'<uom EdkifiHawmfbmom
jymef;a&; ud;yrf;csufeJ@ywfouf+yD; yxptpdk;&tzGJtwGif;rSmawmif uef@uGufolawG ay:ayguf
vmygw,f? Ak'<bmom0ifr[kwfwJh 0ef}uD;OD;&m&Spf vdkyk*~dKvfu OD;Ek &J tm;xkwfcsufukd oabmr
usEdkif/ vufrcHEdkifjzpfcJhygw,f?
wyfrawmfuvnf; wyfwiG ;f pnf;H;k nD!w
G af &;udk xdcu
kd Ef ikd w
f ,fq+kd yD; b0ifrusjzpfco
hJ vdk
yrnw tzGJ}uD;uvnf; Ak'<bmomEdkifiHawmfbmom jymef;a&;udk a0zefqef@usifcJhygw,f?
'gayr,fh 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D Ek uawmh olud,
k o
f l qXoH*g,emwif yk*Kd~ vf}u;D tjzpfavmufe@J wif tm;r&/
Ak'<bmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmomjzpfatmif atmifatmifjrifjrif jymef;ay;oGm;Edkifaom/ omoemh
'g,um}uD;tjzpfyg armfuGef;xlEdkifzdk@ enf;vrf;aygif;pHkeJ@ wGef;wifoGm;ygw,f?
Ak'<bmom0if r[kwf=uwJh rlpvif/ c&pf,mef pwJh trwfawGtaeeJ@u uef@uGufvdku
uef@uu
G cf iG ahf y;xm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh yxptzGJ 0if Ak'b
< momtrwfawG=uawmh tm;vH;k axmufcH
=u&r,f? ruef@uGuf =u&bl;? uef@uGuf=uw,fqdk&ifawmh tzGJtpnf;u armif;xkwfjypfrSmyJ
vdk@ ajymwJhqdkwJhtxd OD;Ek u +cdrf;ajcmufwm;jrpfcJhw,fqdkygw,f?
OD;EkzGJpnf;ay;vdkufwJh t}uHay;tzGJ[m EdkifiHw0Sef; vSnfhvnfoGm;vm+yD; Ak'<bmomukd
Edik if aH wmfjymef;a&;twGuf b,fvpkd rD H jymef;oifah =umif; t}uH^m%fay;zd@k avhvmpl;prf;pHpk rf;wm
awGvkyfygw,f?
Ak'b
< momr[kww
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vlxku jyif;jyif;xefxef qef@usifqENjyv$wfygw,f? c&pf,mefudk;uG,folrsm;eJ@ ewfudk;uG,fol
ucsifvlxk (5000) avmufu ydkpwmawGudk udkifaqmif+yD; qef@usifwJhauG;a=umfoHawG
oHydifatmf&if; jyif;jyif; xefxef uef@uGufqENjy=uHkwifru cJrsm;eJ@yg xkv$wfvdkufwJhtwGuf
pHkprf;a&;tzGJ0if vl}uD;awG udk ppfwyfu tapmifhta&SmufeJ@ jyefydk@vdkuf&ygw,f?
aemufqHk;rSm t}uHay;tzGJu OD;Ek tpdk;&udk tpD&ifcHpmwifygw,f? t}uHay;tzGJu
t"duxm; wifjycJhwmuawmh Ak'<bmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jymef;r,fqdk&if zGJpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 21 (1) udk jyifqifoifhw,fqdkwmyJjzpfygw,f?
tckvkd Ak'b
< momudk Edik if aH wmfbmomtjzpf jymef;Edik af &;twGuf Ak'b
< mom0if olawmfpif
bk&m;wum}uD;OD;Ek wufwufuGuG taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u
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ref;0if;armifu/ ole@J zufqpfawmfveS af &;twGi;f avxD;qif; &Jabmf&b
J uf t&if;acguaf cgujf zpfchJ
260
0if;wihfxGef;
ol tdrfapmifhtpdk;& AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; vufxuf ao'%ftrdef@ csrSwfjypf'%fyxm;jcif;cH&ol

ArmjynfueG jf rLepf ygwAD [dak umfrwD0if Adv
k rf ; cspaf umif;udk =o*kwv
f (6) &ufae@rmS ao'%fuae
vH;k 0 vGw+f idr;f cGiahf y;vdu
k w
f ,f? Adv
k rf ; cspaf umif; &J w&m;H;k csKyfo@kd t,lcrH 0ifawmhyJ orRw}uD;xH
oifykef;acsvGwf+idrf;cGifh ay;&ef wdkufdkufyef=um;csufudk orRw}uD;u ol&J &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; vkyfydkif
cGit
hf m%mudk tjynft
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kd w
f mjzpfygw,f? tJ'v
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kd rf t
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bk&m;w&m;udkif;&_dif;vSol 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek [m orRw}uD;tay: awmfawmfrausreyfjzpfcJhw,fvdk@
qdkygw,f//
tm%m& yxp}uD;twGi;f OD;-Adv
k -f ocif tkypf u
k +JG yD; rnD!w
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< mom
EdkifiHawmfbmomjymef;a&; ajcvSrf;awGa=umifh a0zefoH/ uef@uGufoH/ qef@usifqENjyoHawG us,f
us,af vmifavmif xGuaf y:vmqJtcsed /f 'Dtcsed rf mS yJ a&Sqifah emufqifh wydief ufxv
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kd kd xGuaf y:
nHpDvmwJhtoHuawmh &cdkif/ rGef/ csif; trsdK;om;wdk@&J jynfe,fay;a&;awmif;qdkoH/jynfe,f&a&;
v_yf&Sm;oHyJjzpfygw,f? 'DtoHuvnf; EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek &J {+yDv (5) &ufae@ v$wfawmft
wGi;f rSm rde@f =um;wifjycJw
h hJ jynfe,fopfrsm;xlaxmifay;a&;udpeP @J wqufxaJ y:aygucf w
hJ hJ toHjzpf
ygw,f? OD;Ek [m oef@&iS ;f wnf+rJtuGw
J ek ;f uvnf; &cdik ef @J rGeu
f kd jynfe,fay;a&;pum; [cJzh ;l ovd/k
Ekwiftkyfpk&J ay:vpD (4) &yf xkwfjyefcsufwckrSm wcktygt0ifjzpfcJhwJh jynfe,frsm;. w&m;
ojzifh &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk &ap&eftmrcHrnf qdkwJh pum;vnf; &SdcJh+yD;om;jzpfwJh
twGuf 'Duwdpum;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufzdk@ w&m;0if tpysdK;&muae ydkrdk toH
jrnfvmcJhwmjzpfygw,f? jrnfoifhjrnfxdkufwJh toHawGvnf;jzpfygw,f?
&cdik f eJ@ rGejf ynfe,f taumiftxnfazmfa&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; tpd;k &udk t}uHay;zd@k a'guw
f m
bOD; acgif;aqmifwJh twdkifyifcH t}uH ay; (5) OD; tzGJ zGJpnf;ay;cJh+yD; 1960 jynfhESpf/ {+yD (29)&uf
ae@rSm v$JtyfcJhygw,f?
t}uHay;tzGJ[m &cdkifeJ@ywfouf+yD; &cdkiftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmifawG/ oufqdkif&m EdkifiHa&;
orm;eJ@ toif;tzGJ udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk awGqHkar;jref; pHkprf;avhvm t}uH^m%f,lcJhovdk &cdkif
wdik ;f udo
k mG ;a&muf+yD; &cdik t
f rsKd ;om;awGe@J awGqHu
k m &cdik jf ynfe,fay;a&;eJ@ ywfoufwhJ &cdik t
f rsKd ;
om;awG&J oabmxm;awGukd ygppkH rf;avhvmygw,f? rGef eJ@ ywfouf+yD;vnf; tvm;wlyJ avhvm
pHkprf; awGqHkoGm;a&mufwmawG vkyfygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk pHkprf;avhvmwJhtcgrSm &cdkifrSma&m/ rGefrSma&m jynfe,f&&Sda&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD;
axmufcHvdkvm;olawG&Sdovdk/ rvdkvm;ol/ qef@usifuef@uGufolawGvnf; &Sdw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
&cdkifjynfe,fzGJpnf;a&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; e,fedrdwfjy\em xl;xl;jcm;jcm;r&SdyJ/ rGefjynfe,fzGJ
pnf;a&;rSmawmh e,fedrdwfjy\em[m ododomom yg0ifaew,fqdkygw,f? rGefacgif;aqmifawG
tcsi;f csi;f twGi;f rSmudk e,ferd w
d jf y\emeJ@ywfouf+yD; oabmxm;awG rwlujJG ym; jcm;em;aewm
&Sdw,fqdkygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk &cdkif eJ@ rGef wdk@&J jynfe,fzGJpnf;a&; v_yf&Sm;oHawG pnfpnfnHvmcsdefrSm csif;trsdK;
om;wdk@uvnf; jynfe,f&&Sda&;ukd v_yf&Sm;awmif;qdkvmygw,f? csif;0daoowdkif;uae csif;jynf
e,f&&Sda&;udk vdkvm;=uwm obm0uswJhudpPjzpfygw,f?
261
0if;wihfxGef;
1960 jynfhESpfxJrSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tjzpftysufwckuawmh Armjynfu ppfacgif;aqmif

Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; udk zdvpfyikd u
f &mrGerf ufaq;aq; qk cs;D jrichf yhJ gw,f? tJ'q
D [
k m uGejf rLepfqef@
usifa&;eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf pGrf;pGrf;wrH ud;yrf;tm;xkwf umuG,fapmifha&SmufolawGtwGuf
ay;tyfwJh EdkifiHwumqdkif&m qkwrsdK;jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dqkudk&,lvufcHzdk@ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u jiif;
y,fvdkufygw,f?
bma=umifh jiif;y,fcJhovJqdkwm tH=oolawG tHh=ooGm;=uygw,f? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;
[m oludk uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;orm;vkd@ owfrSwf,lqwmudk vufrcHEdkifwJhtwGuf 'Dqkudk
vufrcHEdkifwmvm;vdk@ awG;qolrsm; awG;qcJh=uygw,f?
*smref'Drdku&ufwpforwEdkifiH&J zdwf=um;csuft& oGm;a&mufaq;ukocHvmcJhwJh pwm
vif+idr;f csr;f a&;qk& q&m}uD;ocifu,
kd af wmfrid_ ;f u Armjynfjyefa&mufvm+yD;aemuf =o*kwv
f xJrmS
jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf tmCmwuif;wJh +idrf;csrf;a&;tppfudk &atmifaqmif&Guf=uprf;yg
vdk@ OD;Ektpdk;&udka&m/ vufeufudkiftiftm;pkrsm;udkyg wkdufwGef;E_d;aqmfr_vkyfygw,f? 58 ckESpf
urBmat;nDvmcHrmS OD;Ekajym=um;cJb
h ;l wJh pum;}uD;oH;k cGe;f twdik ;f jyefvnftaumiftxnfazmf+yD;
ESpfOD;ESpfzuf vufcHEdkifr,fhyHkpHeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;udk tjrefjyef+yD; t&,l=uygvdk@vnf; E_d;aqmfygw,f?
q&m[m b,fbufurS bufrvdkufygbl; qdkwm tav;wif;ajymqdk+yD; armifEk/ armifAaqG/
ocifwif/ armifausm+f idr;f / Adv
k af e0if; polrsm;a&m/ ocifp;kd / ocifoef;xGe;f / Adv
k &f efatmif/ Adv
k af Z,s
polrsm;a&m q&mhwynfhrsm;eJ@ e,fcsJzufqpfudk q&meJ@twl yl;wGJqef@usifcJholrsm;jzpfwJhtwGuf
b,fbufurS rvdu
k yf /J q&mbufvu
kd w
f m trSew
f &m;eJ@ &[ef;&Siv
f l jynfow
l &yfv;kH bufomjzpf
+yD;/ ESpfzuf ausauseyfeyfeJ@ wu,fwef; jynfolw&yfvHk;tusKd;&Sdapr,fh +idrf;csrf;a&;rsKd;om jzpfap
csiaf =umif;/ tay:,HjzL; aq;vdr;f aq;av;okwv
f rd ;f ay;vd@k c%wm aysmufovd&k +dS yD; ykyyf x
G vmwJh
temyqkyaf &m*g}uD;vdak wmh rjzpfapcsiaf =umif;/ &[ef;&Siv
f jl ynfow
l &yfv;kH &J aumif;usK;d csr;f om
udk=unfh+yD; tmCmwuif;pGmeJ@ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;udk tjrefqHk;jyefvnf&&Sdatmif ud;yrf;aqmif
&Guf=uygvdk@ tav;teuf wdkufwGef;&Smygw,f?
1960 jynfh =o*kwfvukefrSmawmh OD;Eku ykefuefolawG wa,mufrusef tvif;0ifrnf
[k tcdkiftrm tmrcHcsuf,lvmv#if oHk;vq,fhckESpf&uf oef@&Sif;tpdk;&vufxufu uJhodk@yif
EdkifiHawmforw}uD;. trdef@jzifh vHk;0vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@ xkwfjyefay;ygOD;rnf vdk@ ajymqdk
vmygw,f? orRw}uD;&J vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@qdkwm oef@&Sif;tpdk;&vufxufu xkwfjyefcJh
zl;+yD;/ Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; acgi;f aqmifwhJ ppfwyfukd tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;tyfvu
kd &f wJt
h cg Akv
d cf sKyfae0if;
pdwfuduf vkyfEdkifa&;twGuf jyefvnfkyfodrf;ay;vdkuf&wJh trdef@jzpfygw,f? oufwrf; bmrSr=um
vdkuf&wJh trdef@jzpfygw,f? tck tJ'Dtrdef@rsKd;udk jyefvnfxkwfay;r,fvkd@ ajymqdkvmwmjzpf+yD;
udwifpnf;urf;csuftjzpf wa,mufrusef tvif;0ifvmrnf[k tcdkiftrm tmrcHcsuf ,lvm
v#if qdw
k hJ pum;&yfawmif xyf+yD; tydak qmif;xm;vdu
k yf gao;w,f? Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG&J w&m;0if
ygwDwnf&SdcGifh qdkwmudkvnf; vHk;0xnfhoGif; ajym=um;jcif;r&SdawmhyJ a&iHkE_wfydwfvkyfxm;wm
awG&wJt
h wGuf vufeufuikd t
f iftm;pkrsm;u b,fvrkd S vufcEH ikd jf cif;r&S=d uyg? a&G;aumufyu
JG mv
twGif;u wnf+rJzqyv tEdkif&v#if jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;oabmxm; ykdrkdwif;rmvmEdkifacs
262
0if;wihfxGef;
&Sw
d t
hJ wGuf awmwGi;f vufeufuikd f tiftm;pkrsm;[m OD;Ek &J oef@&iS ;f zqyv tEdik &f a&;bufuyJ
&yfwnfc=hJ uum olw@kd qikd &f m e,fajra'o pnf;H;k a&;*Giaf wGtwGi;f uae oef@&iS ;f udk axmufc0H ef;&H
ay;cJ=h uygw,f? 'gayr,fh OD;Ek tm%m wu,fjyefvnf&&Sv
d mwJt
h cg OD;Ek &J w&m;0if xkwaf zmfajym
qdk jyocsuaf wGu +idr;f csr;f a&;twGuf tm;wufp&m bmwckrS rawG&ao;wJt
h jyif aemufawmif
jyefqw
k af ewJt
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f iftm;pkrsm;[m pdwrf oufromjzpf=u&ygw,f? jynfwiG ;f ppf
&yfpJa&;[m tvm;tvm arS;rSdefaysmufuG,f+rJ aysmufuG,fae&qJjzpfygw,f?
1960 jynfh atmufwdkbm (20) &ufrSm AuotzGJcsKyf&J qXrt}udrf ausmif;om;nDvm
cH}uD; usif;yygw,f? (4) ESpfvHk;vHk; rusif;yEdkifyJ xm;cJh&wJh ausmif;om;nDvmcH}uD;udk tckrS
jyefvnfac:,l usif;yEdkifcGifh&cJhwmjzpfygw,f? AuotzGJcsKyf[m urBmausmif;om;or*~tzGJ@csKyf
(IUS) eJ@ urBm'Drdkua&pDvli,frsm;tzGJcsKyf (WFDY) wdk@&J tzGJ0ifvnf;jzpfygw,f? Auorsm;
tzGJcsKyf&J qXrt}udrfajrmuf nDvmcH}uD;rSmvnf; wrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;/ wEdkifiHvHk;ta&;jzpfwJh
trsKd;om;a&;wm0efrsm;udk vkyfaqmif=u&ef eJ@ jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; jynfwGif;+idrf; csrf;a&;wdk@t
wGuf qufvufyg0if tm;jznfhvHk;yrf;oGm;=u&ef qdkwmawGudk wufwufuGuG aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf
oGm;cJh=uygw,f?
1960 jynfh Edk0ifbmrSmawmh wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_awG ArmjynftwGif; tvHk;t&if;vdkuf
acgi;f axmifxvmjyefygw,f? usKid ;f wHek ,fxu
J kd 0ifa&mufwu
kd cf u
kd w
f m/ rdik ;f vif;rdw0du
k f wkwjf zL
pcef;rsm; tcdkiftrm wyfpGJxm;wm/ rdkif;ygv#Kd usKdif;vwfa'owcGifudk odrf;ydkufwyfpGJxm;wmawG
tcdkiftrmvkyfukdifvm=uygw,f? 1954/ 55/ 56 ckESpftwGif; wkwfjzLarmif;xkwfa&; wdkufyGJawG
a=umihf txl;ojzihf Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm OD;pD;wdu
k cf u
kd f acsre_ ;f ypfvu
kd Ef ikd rf a_ wGa=umifh xdik ;f / vmtdk
e,fpyfawGxJ ajy;0ifcdkv_HoGm;=u&&mu wpwp ArmjynfwGif; jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmcJh=ujcif;jzpf
ygw,f? Adv
k rf ; csKyfausmaf Zm ppfwyfu tz,f&mS ;cH&+yD;aemuf Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; OD;pD;wJh wyfrawmf
[m wkwfjzL jynfyusL;ausmfolawGudk tav;xm;wdkufcdkuf xdk;ppfqifwmxuf wdkif;&if;om;
tcsi;f csi;f jzpfwhJ jynfwiG ;f vufeufuikd t
f iftm;pkawGtay: t"duxm; wdu
k cf u
kd af csre_ ;f xd;k ppfqif
cJhwma=umifh wkwfjzLawG vG,fvG,fulul jyefvnf0ifa&muf ajcukwf,lEdkifcJhwmjzpfygw,f? Armh
wyfrawmfe@J ppf&[
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d t
hJ euf wkwjf zLudw
k u
kd &f mrSm (7) &if;yJo;kH +yD; jynfwiG ;f
ppfudkawmh (83) &if;eJ@ wdkufcdkufcJhovdk (11) ESpftwGif; jynfwGif;ppfrSm wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif;
vufeufuikd t
f iftm;pkawGtay: wdu
k yf }JG uD;aygi;f (2111) yGJ wdu
k cf u
kd cf +hJ yD; wkwjf zLusL;ausmo
f rl sm;
tay:awmh (51) yGJyJ wdkufcdkufcJhw,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? Akdvfr;csKyfausmfaZm OD;pD;wdkufcdkufjyvdkufvdk@
rJacgifjrpfwzufurf;txd wkwfjzLrsm; tvHk;t&if;eJ@ qkwfcGmoGm;&+yD;aemufydkif; usefae&pfcJhwJh
wkwfjzLrsm;eJ@ wpwp jyef0ifv_yf&Sm;vm=uwJh wkwfjzLawGudk +yD;cJhwJh (5) ESpfwm umvw
av#mufv;kH twGi;f bde;f ukeu
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k cf u
kd f
cJh=uygw,f? cyfayghayghyJ oabmxm;jy+yD; wkwfjzLusL;ausmfa&;wyfrsm;&J aemufuG,fu e,fcsJ
orm;udka&m/ qD;xdk; ppftkyfpk&J ppfa&;qdkif&m yg0ifywfouf ,SufEG,fr_awGudkyg zHk;zdxm;cJh=uyg
w,f? trsm;jynfol rodatmif &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd uG,f0Sufxm;cJh=uygw,f? wcgrS xkwfazmfajymqdk
qef@usifwm (5) ESpftwGif;rvkyfcJh=uyg? jynfwGif;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawGtay:om trsKd;rsKd;
263
0if;wihfxGef;
pGyfpGJ/ trsKd;rsKd;okyfzsuf/ trsKd;rsKd;enf;emoHk;+yD; tywfwdkufacsr_ef;a&;udk oJ}uD;rJ}uD; qifEGJcJh=uyg

w,f? 'ga=umifh wkwfjzLrsm; aumif;aumif; jyefvnftm;jznfh v_yf&Sm; }uD;xGm;vmEkdifcJhjcif;jzpfyg
w,f? 60 jynfhESpftukefrSm tHkeJ@usif;eJ@ jyefvnfpkpnf; wnfaqmufrd+yD; jzpfaeygw,f?
bde;f pm; "m;jywyftjzpfavmufom &nf!e$ ;f ajymqdv
k mcJw
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a&;wyfrsm;&J twGif;okyf[m qD;wdk;ppftkyfpk&J tpDtpOfeJ@yg &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd v_yf&Sm;vmaewJh
usL;ausmfa&;wyfawGjzpfa=umif; rzHk;Edkif rzdEdkif ay:vGifvmae+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf wdk;wufwJh EdkifiHa&;
tiftm;pkrsm;eJ@ jynfov
l x
l }k u;D w&yfv;kH u oH;k oyfa0zefaxmufjyr_awG vkyv
f m=uygw,f? ppfwyf
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kd csed rf mS tm%m& yxp tzGJ }uD;twGi;f rSmuawmh tkypf w
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wkwjf zLusL;ausmaf &;orm;awGukd b,fvakd jz&Si;f =urvJqw
kd mxuf tm%mudk b,fv&kd atmif,l
&rvJqdkwmom ta&;}uD;qHk;jzpfae=uygw,f? OD;Eku r=umao;rDuyJ vmr,fh yxpnDvmcHrSm
OuU uae E_wfxGuf+yD; omreftzGJ0iftjzpfom cH,lawmhrSmjzpfa=umif; xkwfazmfajymqdkvmwJh
twGuf yxptzGJcsKyfudk ociftkyfpku v$rf;oGm;rSm OD;-Adkvf tkyfu pdk;&drfae=uw,fqdkygw,f?
'ga=umifh ocifawG }uD;pdk;vmr,fhtE W&m,fudk udwifumuG,f wdkufzsuf=uzdk@ tjyif;txef vHk;
yrf;ae=u&w,fqdkygw,f? OD; tkyf touf}uD;ydkif;awGu OD;Ek udk OuUtjzpfu rxGufzdk@ wdkufwGef;
ae=uovdk vli,fyikd ;f uvnf; 'DZifbmvxJrmS v#Kd 0Sut
f pnf;ta0;usi;f y+yD; ociftyk &f J v$r;f rd;k
vmr,fhtE W&m,f wdkufzsufa&;twGuf tajccHtqifhup+yD; pnf;Hk;=uzdk@ qHk;jzwf=uw,f qdkyg
w,f? 'DZifbm (16) &ufrmS awmh OD; eJ@ Akv
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jzpfwJhtxd uGJ+yJvm=uw,fqdkygw,f? wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ wkdufzsufa&;xuf yxp tzGJcsKyf
twGif; ociftkyf v$rf;rdk;vmr,fhtE W&m,f wdkufzsufa&;u a&Swef;a&mufaecJhygw,f?
wyfrawmfu rJacgifppfqifa&; udk 'DZifbm (30) &ufae@rSm pwifygw,f? 1961 ckESpf/
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tpD&ifcHpmudk 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek xH w&m;0if wifoGif;ygw,f?
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qHk;jzpfa=umif;vdk@ axmufcHwifjyygw,f? axmufcHcsuf (5) csufeJ@ wifjyygw,f?
rGefjynfe,fudpPrSmvnf; rGefolykefawG tvif;0ifa&mufcJhwm[m 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek ay;cJhzl;wJh
rGejf ynfe,fuwdukd ,H=k unfv@kd tvif;0ifa&mufc=hJ uwmjzpfa=umif;/ rGet
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enf;y&d,m,frsm;t& v_yf&Sm;aeaom vufeufudkifusL;ausmfa&;wyfzGJ}uD;rsm;jzpfa=umif;/ Arm
jynfwGifru urBmw&yfvHk;yg kyfvHk;ay:cJhayonf? [k azmfjyxm;wJhtjyif tpdk;&taejzifh
(u) ,if; wkwjf zLusL;ausmrf _ tE &W m,fukd ppfa&;t& xdxad &mufa&muf wdu
k x
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(c) vlrsKd;pkjy\emrsm;udkvnf; t&if;cHjzpfaom EdkifiHa&;enf;t&yg ajz&Sif;jcif;/
(*) wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_udk ukvor*~wGif xda&mufpGmwdkif=um; ta&;,ljcif;/
(C) jynfol v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udk jynfow
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hf wl Adv
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[kvnf; tpkd;&udk wdkufwGef;E_d;aqmfvdkufygw,f? wqufwnf;rSm 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek &J
rwfv (13) &ufae@rdef@cGef;yg wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_jy\emtay: ajymqdkwifjyoGm;yHkudkvnf;
268
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obm0rusa=umif; axmufjya0zefxm;ygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf. wkwfjzLrdef@cGef;rSm rdrdjynfolwdk@

tm; 0ef}uD;csKyftaejzihf rdrdwdk@ usL;ausmfcH&r_udk rsKd;cspfpdwfaemufcHjzifhvnf;aumif;/ ajymjcif;ESifh
rwlyJ Edik if w
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qufvufyvkyfoGm;r,hfta=umif;/ &efukef tif;pdefcdkifrSm aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;/ a[majymyGJrsm;/ ydkpwm
wdkufyGJrsm; usif;yyvkyfoGm;+yD; {+yDv (9) &ufae@rSm &efukefrdvHk;u|wfqENjyyGJ}uD;usif;y&ef pDpOf
aewJhta=umif; azmfjyxkwfjyefygw,f?
tJ'D 1961 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@rSmyJ &efukef urf;em;vrf; ajcmufxyfHk;opf}uD;rSm
jynfe,frsm;jy\emoH;k oyfa&;aumfrw
D D tpnf;ta0;xkid cf yhJ gw,f? tJ'rD mS tajccHOya'jyifqif
a&;eJ@ ywfoufwhJ &Sr;f jynfe,f u wifoiG ;f wJh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf; eJ@ u&ifjynfe,f
0ef}uD; a'gufwmapmvSxGef; wifoGif;wJh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;eJ@ ywfoufwJhrl=urf; wdk@udk
wifoiG ;f ygw,f? oH;k oyfa&;aumfrw
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udkyJ tajccHxm;+yD; aqG;aEG;r_vkyfygw,f?
tJ'D tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf; b,fvkday:aygufvmovJqdkwm wenf;tm;jzifh
&Srf;jynfe,fu wifoGif;wJh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;yg jynfaxmifpkppfppfrl odk@r[kwf
&Srf;rl b,fvdkjzwfoef; ay:aygufvmovJqdkwm tifrwefta&;}uD;ygw,f?
wu,fu &Srf;jynfe,fu wifoGif;cJhwJh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf; [m EdkifiHawmf
0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek udk,fwdkif&J pwifvrf;zGifhay;r_t& w&m;0ifay:aygufvmcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
1960 jynfh a&G;aumufyGJt+yD;rSm v$wfawmfwckvHk;&J trwfOD;a& oHk;yHkESpfyHkausmf[m
tpdk;&&JvufxJrSm &SdaewJhtwGuf jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;twGuf zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oya'udk jyifqifcsifw,fqdk&if 'Dtcsdef[m taumif;qHk;vdk@ _jrif+yD; OD;Ek u pwifvrf;zGihfay;cJhwm
jzpfygw,f? 0ef}uD;tpnf;ta0;rSm OD;Eku (1) zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyifqifcsifw,fqdk&if 'Dtcsdef[m taumif;qHk;yJ?
(2) 'Dvdk taumif;qHk;jzpfwJhtwGuf zGJpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk b,fvdkjyifqifcsifovJ/
jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJawGudk ar;r,f?
(3) jynfe,ftpd;k & tzGJ awGu wifjywJh tqdak wGukd us,u
f s,jf yef@jyef@ aqG;aEG;Edik af tmif
qDrDem (seminar) wckac:ay;r,f? jynfe,ftpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,fawGa&m twdkuftcH
udk,fpm;vS,fawGa&m zdwfr,f?
(4) aqG;aEG;yGJrSm rdom;pkaqG;aEG;=uwJhenf;twdkif; aqG;aEG;r,f? trsm;vufcHoabmwl
Edik w
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aqG;aEG;r,f?
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vufc+H yD; vkt
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f ikd Ef ikd zf @kd w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeudk wm0efvaJ$ y;
vdkufygw,f? 'ga=umifh 1960 jynfh pufwifbm (22) &uf ygvDreftpnf;ta0;rSm jyifqifa&;aumf
rDwzD JG pnf;zd@k tqdw
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269
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OuUXtjzpf aqmif&GufwJh tzGJ0if (29) OD; yg0ifwJh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrDwDudk Ekd0ifbm

(10) &ufae@ ae@pGJeJ@ EdkifiHawmforRwu zGJpnf;ay;cJhygw,f? tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrDwD
ay:aygufvmygw,f?
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2?jynfaxmifpk}uD; wnfwHcdkif+rJa&;udk xdcdkufvmrnfh jymef;csufrsm;/
3? jynfaxmifp}k uD; pnf;vH;k nD!w
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0if pnf;Hk;/ aqG;aEG;/ v_yf&Sm; a0zefoHk;oyf=uwmawG ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f? jynfe,fawG vlrsKd;pk
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&ufaygif; (108) &ufeJ@ t+yD;a&;qGJ+yD; vGwfvyfa&;udk tjrefqHk;&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufxm;cJh&wJh
1947 ckEpS f zGJ pnf;yHt
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jzpfwJhtwGuf axmufjya0zef oHk;oyf=uzdk@ trSefwu,fvnf; vdktyfae+yDjzpfygw,f? vGwfvyf
a&;&,l+yD; (10) ESp=f um&if cGx
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e,ftwGuf ydkrdk+yD; pOf;pm;&r,fhoHk;oyf&r,fh tcsdefjzpfygw,f? 58 ckESpfuwnf;u (10) ESpfjynfh
ajrmufc+hJ yD;jzpfovd/k tdraf pmift
h pd;k &vufxyfrmS &Sr;f vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;}uD;vnf; ay:ayguf
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orwEdik if H xlaxmifa&;toHawGvnf; obm0usus xGuaf y:vmaewm jrifawG =um;odae&csed f
jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_awG[mvnf; &Srf;jynfuyJ pwifcJh&wm
&Srf;jynfuyJ ydkrdk+yD; txl;pdwf0ifwpm; ta&;,laqmif&GufwmawG awGjrif=u&wmjzpfygw,f?
v$waf wmfrmS tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrw
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w,f? tJ'Dtpnf;ta0;}uD;udk wufa&mufcJh=uwJh udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;uyJ vuf&SdzGJpnf;yHktajc
cHOya'udk ruduf=ua=umif;/ ydk+yD;wduswJh jynfaxmifpkpepf (Federation) udk vdkcsif=ua=umif;
wifjyaqG;aEG;cJh=uw,fqdkygw,f?
tJ'Dtpnf;ta0;uae tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;twGuf tajccHOya' pDppfa&;aumfrDwD
udk yxr tzGJ0if (25) OD; aemufydkif;rSm (32) OD;eJ@ zGJpnf;vdkufygw,f? obmywdu &Srf;jynfe,f
aumifpD obmywd pyfjynf/h twGi;f a&;r; pyf=umpHk jzpfygw,f? aemufyikd ;f rSm aumfrw
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270
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(erfhcrf;)/ OD;bvGif/ OD;udkudk}uD; wdk@wawGuvnf; awmif}uD;rdrSm tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;udpPudk
aqG;aEG;cJh=u+yD;wJhaemuf tajccHOya'eJ@ ywfoufwJhoabmxm;awGudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; azmfjywJh
tcef;qufpmwrf;&Snf}uD;udk Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmuae xnfhoGif;azmfjyvdkufygw,f? 60 jynfh
ESpf/ 'DZifbm (6) &ufuae (18) &ufae@txd jzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ vdkvm;aom jynfaxmif
pkpepf qdkwJhacgif;pD;eJ@ OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;) ua&;om;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dacgif;pD;[m/ OD;xGef;jrifh
(awmif}uD;) &J jynfaxmifpkwGif;rS wef;wlaom&Srf;jynf qdkwJh pmwrf;}uD;xJu acgif;pOfi,fwck
jzpfygw,f? pmwrf;&J tESpfcsKyfu zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'}uD;[m jynfaxmifpkzGJpnf;tkyf
csKyfyt
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axmifpepfomjzpfw,f? zm;wydkif; ig;wydkif;pepfomjzpfygw,f? Armacgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ Oya'ynm
&Sifrsm;u vSnfhpm;vdkufwmomjzpfw,f? wjcrf;yJh jynfaxmifpkomjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh zGJpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'udk jyif&r,f? jynfaxmifpkppfppfudk zGJpnf;&r,fqdkwmjzpfygw,f? jynfaxmifpkudk
b,fvdkjyif qifzGJpnf;=urvJqdkwmeJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmhvnf; u|efawmfwdk@vdkvm;aom jynf
axmifpk qdk+yD; zGJpnf;jyygw,f? wef;wlnDr#wJh jynfaxmifpkrlqdkwmudk awmif;qdkazmf!ef;xm;+yD;
&Srf;jynfe,f. epfemcsuf rauseyfcsufrsm; ajyvnfap&ef vuf&SdtajccHOya'udk jyefvnfpDppfI
jyifqif=u&ayrnf vdk@ wifjyxm;ygw,f?
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rSmyJ usi;f yygw,f? ud;udik af umfrw
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kd /f pyfxeG ;f at;/ pyfausmaf cgi/f OD;vSaz/ OD;pd;k armif eJ@ OD;cGepf jH rwf
wdk@yg0ifwJh ajcmufOD;aumfrDwDudk zGJay;+yD;/ tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; a'gufwm
OD;at;armif eJ@aqG;aEG;zdk@ wm0efay;ygw,f? &Srf;jynfe,fuae tJ'Denf;eJ@ a&;qGJjzpfay:vm+yD;
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&&J (29) OD;yg tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrDwD qD w&m;0ifwifoGif;vdkufwJh
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf; udk jynfaxmifpkppfrl &Srf;rl vdk@ ac:a0: =uwmjzpfygw,f?
tJ'Djynfaxmifppfrl (wenf;tm;jzifh) &Srf;rludk 1961 ckESpf/ rwfv 20 &ufae@rSm jynfe,f
rsm;jy\em oHk;oyfa&;aumfrDwD txl;tpnf;ta0;rSmvnf; xyfrHpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;cJh=uygw,f?
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yxp twGif;rSmawmh OD;-Adkvf-ocif wdk@&J uGJoH tufoH v_yf&Sm;oHawG[m qufvufjzpfay:
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taeeJ@ vlod&Sif=um; jyefvnfajymqdkv_yf&Sm;vm&ygw,f? tar&duefoHHk;a&S vlxkqENjyyGJ}uD;
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rvkyfyJ/ a0h0dkuf+yD; ajymqdkaecJhygw,f? tar&duefidjiifrSmudk pdk;&GHaewJh oabm&Sdygw,f? 1961
ckESpf/ rwfv 23 &ufae@ jynfolv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;rSm wkwfjzLusL;ausmfr_eJ@ ywfouf+yD;
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OD;aqmifwJh t&if;&Sif*dk%f;}uD;u vufckyf=obmwD;ay;cJh=uygw,f? 1960 ckESpfausmf umv[m
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awmif v#Kd0SufjyifqifcJhw,fvdk@vnf; qdkygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdkjyifqifaewmudk AkdvfcsKyf}uD;
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280
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wcsKduvnf; yg0ifa&;om;vm=uygw,f? yk'fr (144) xkwf&Hkru &J u aoewfeJ@ypf+yD; vlpkcGJwJh
twGuf aoa=u'%f&m&r_awG jzpfay:cJhygw,f? oHCmawmfawGtygt0if vlaygif; (200) ausmf
zrf;qD;wmcH&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh oHCma&m vlxyk g rausreyf xyfrjH zpfymG ;cJ=h u+yD;/ tiftm; (1500)
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k af &m ocifa&m ESpzf ufpvH;k [m ajczsm;a&m zaemifah &m/ 'l;a&m/ wHawmif
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=uyg? EdkifiHa&;avmuxJrSmae+yD; EkdifiHa&;ud;qGJcsaowJh romawGawmh tjzpfrcH=uygeJ@? _H;wJhol
awG[m rpm;&wJhtrJ oJeJ@yufwJhoabmrsKd;vdk EdkifwJholawGudk tvkyfrvkyfjzpfatmif wenf;eJ@
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282
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283
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289
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58 ckESpfyxrt}udrftm%modrf;r_}uD;a=umifhppfwyfudk tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;tyfwJhyHkpH
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avmufumv[m wwdkif;jynfvHk; ab;=uyfeH=uyf tao=uyf tae=uyfjzpfcJh&ygw,f? ygvDref
}uD;&daS yr,fh ygvrD ef}uD;[m ppfwyfvyk o
f r# twnfyay;ae&wJh oabmavmufyJ toGiaf qmifc&hJ
ygw,f? tJ'Daemuf aemufqHk;ay:aygufvm&wmu yxptpdk;&acwf jzpfygw,f? yxpacwfrSm
OD;-Adv
k -f ocif tuG}J u;D &daS yr,fh 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D Ek[m vGwv
f yfa&;&+y;D (12) ESpw
f mausmf tawGtuH
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292
0if;wihfxGef;
rSef;/ tav;xm;&aumif;rSef; odae+yDjzpfygw,f? rr#rwjzpfaewJh tm;enf;csufawG csKd,Gif;csuf

awG&dSaewJh zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'}uD;udk jyifqifa&;qGJcsifpdwf&dSae+yDjzpfygw,f? jynfe,f
awG&J jynfe,fzJG pnf;cGiahf wGuv
kd nf; xdu
k o
f ifo
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d &f aSd e+yDjzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh yxp}uD; tiftm;t}uD;qH;k &daS ewke;f zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'jyifqifa&;udk pwifajc
vSrf; vSrf;cJhygw,f? wzufuvnf; oltifrwefvkyfcsifwJh Ak'<bmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmom jymef;
a&;udk rqifrjcifvkyfcJhygw,f?
'D (14) ESpaf usmu
f mvtwGi;f rSm jrefrmjynftwGuf tqd;k 0g;qH;k jzpfcw
hJ muawmh jynfwiG ;f
ppf}uD;yJjzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;ppfjy\em[m Armjynf&J t}uD;rm;qHk;jy\emyJjzpfygw,f? jynf
wGi;f ppfjy\em}uD;udk rSeu
f efpmG rajz&Si;f Edik b
f /J jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;udk w&m;
r#wpGm rwnfaqmufEdkifbJ/ wdkif;jynf&J zGHzd;wdk;wufa&;udkvnf; wnfaqmufEkdifvdrfhr,f r[kwf
yg? ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDa&;udkvnf; auG;a=umfEdkifvdrfhr,fr[kwfyg? trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;
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S rf sm;&J azmufjyefq;kd 0g;r_a=umifb
h jJ zpfygw,f?
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tqufquf[m ay:ayguv
f m&wJh jynfwiG ;f ppf}uD;udk w&m;wjzif&h yfpEJ ikd zf @kd b,forl S b,fwek ;f u
rS rud;pm;cJh=uwmrSmawmh twlwlbJjzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;ppfjy\emudk tywfwdkufa&;enf;eJ@
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a=umfcJh=uygw,f? jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;udk ajymvm&ifvnf; vufeufcsa&;/
t!HhcHa&;udkbJ a&S_vkyfaqmifcJh=uygw,f? tay: pD;u wif;wif;rmrmajymwJhenf;/ 'grSr[kwf/
vdrfnmvSnfhywf aumufuspfwJhenf;awGeJ@yJ rawmfrw&m;ajz&Sif;zdk@ ud;pm;cJh=uygw,f?
vufeufcsa&;/ tvif;0ifa&;/ vufeufuikd v
f rf;pOfpeG @f a&;qdw
k mawGuykd J enf;trsK;d rsK;d eJ@ yHak zmfc=hJ u
ygw,f? aphpyfa&;/ awGqHkaqG;aEG;a&;/ typftcwf&yfpJ+yD; ydifwl jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;qdkwmawGudk
wav#mufvHk; jiif;qefcJh=uygw,f? wzufoufvufeufcsa&;awGudkom awmif;qdkvkyfudkifcJh=u
ygw,f? 'ga=umifh jynfwGif;ppf}uD;[m }uD;}uD;omvmcJh&ygw,f? jynfwGif;trsKd;om;csif; vufeuf
udik t
f iftm;pkawGtay:awmh wav#mufv;kH aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;udk jiif;y,f+yD; tywfwu
kd af &;udo
k m
OD;aqmifvkyfudkifcJhayr,fh/ jynfyusL;ausmfol wkwfjzLjy\em/ e,fcsJpGufzufr_ jy\emawGudk
awmh atmufpnf;uae tav#mah y; avajyxd;k wJeh nf;/ aphpyfaqG;aEG;wJeh nf;awGe@J yJ t"du tm;y
+yD; ajz&Sif;zdk@ud;pm;cJhygw,f? rv$Jomvdk@ vufeufudkif&ifqdkifwkef@jyef&&ifvnf; jynfwGif;vufeuf
udkiftiftm;pkawGtay: jyif;xefonf;oefoavmuf b,fwkef;urS jywfjywfom;om; wif;wif;
rmrm wkef@jyef jyif;xef onf;oefcJhwmr&Sdyg?
jynfwGif;ppf}uD;&J tusKd;qufuawmh/ wdkif;jynfrGJjymuswmeJ@ ppfwyf}uD; }uD;xGm;cJh&wm
yJjzpfygw,f? ppfwyf}uD; wd;k csJ wnfaqmuf }uD;xGm;vmavav ppfp&dwaf wG/ ydrk u
kd scH oH;k pGv
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wdkif;jynfrGJjymusavav jzpf&ygw,f? 'Dxufqdk;wmu }uD;xGm;vmcJhwJh ppfwyf}uD;[m ppfwyfae
&m raecsiaf wmhb/J tm%mrsuaf pmif;xd;k vmr_jzpfygw,f? ppfwyf}uD; }uD;xGm;vmavav/ ppfwyf
&J tcef;u[mvnf; }uD;xGm;vmavjzpfygw,f? ppfwyf&J tcef;}uD;vmavav/ ppfwyfudk
293
0if;wihfxGef;
OD;pD;udik w
f ,
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f l Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; &J tcef;[mvnf; }uD;vmavavjzpfygw,f? Adv
k af e0if;udk
'Dvakd e&m/ 'Dvt
kd ajctaea&mufatmif pwifajrawmifajrmufco
hJ al wGuawmh t"du OD;ausm+f idr;f eJ@/
qdk&S,fvpf}uD;awGjzpfygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf; u Adkvfae0if;udk olvljzpfzdk@ parG;cJhwmjzpfygw,f?
qd&k ,
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k af e0if;udk qd&k ,
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f pftcsi;f csi;f qd+k yD;
vl,HkarG;+yD; ae&m&apcsifcJhwmyg? Adkvfae0if; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;jzpfzdk@ OD;ausmf+idrf; tpGrf;ukefud;
pm;cJhygw,f? aemufqHk; jynfwGif;ppf}uD; t&Sdef}uD;vm&csdefrSm qdk&S,fvpf}uD;awGawmif ajcrudkifrd
vufrudkifrdjzpf=u+yD;/ tpdk;&tzGJwGif;u wzGJzGJajy;=ucsdefrSm 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek u umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;
omru 'k0ef}uD;csKyfygcef@+yD; pwifajrmufpm;cJhygw,f? yxrawmh Adkvfae0if;u qdk&S,fvpfawG
bufuaejycJhygw,f? OD;Ek udkvnf; a=ueyfatmif pGrf;aqmifjycJhygw,f? wzufuvnf; ppfwyfudk
olajcolvuf vkyfudkifEdkifatmif enf;rsKd;pHk taumiftxnfazmfcJhygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
pwifwnfaxmifcw
hJ hJ jynfol tusK;d twGuf jynfol wyfrawmf}uD;[m Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; usq;kH &
+yD;aemuf jynfwGif;ppftwGif; jynfwGif;ppfudk wdkufcdkufwJh ppfwyf}uD;tjzpf tkyfpdk;oludufppfwyf
}uD;tjzpf pwifajymif;vJvmygw,f? 5657 aemufydkif;rSmawmh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J wvufudkif
wyfvHk;vHk;/ jynfolzdESdyfa&;wyfvHk;vHk; pwifykHay: ajymif;vJvmcJhygw,f? ppftkyfpkvnf; pwifoaE<
wnfrv
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f pfygwb
D ufu yif;wJw
h yftjzpfuae ud,
k w
f ikd w
f uftm%m,lcsiw
f w
hJ yftjzpf
wqifw
h ufvm&cJyh gw,f? 58 ckEpS f yxrOD;qH;k ppftm%modr;f r_ud;yrf;csuu
f kd xif&mS ;wJh om"u
tjzpf =unfjh rifEikd yf gw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; [m aemufu,
G u
f aeudik cf +hJ yD;/ tdraf pmift
h pd;k &tzGJ udk
tm%mv$aJ jymif; &,lwt
hJ cg=urS olubJ 0ifa&mufxed ;f nda y;oa,mif toGiaf qmif&if; wuf+yD;
0ef}uD;csKyfvkyfcJhygw,f? jynfwGif;ppf}uD;[m tkyfpdk;ol tm%m& zqyv tpdk;&a=umifh jzpfay:cJh
&wmjzpfygw,f? txl;ojzifh zqqdk&S,fvpfawGa=umifh zqqdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmif OD;ausmf+idrf;
wdk@&J rrSefruef ajz&Sif;r_awGa=umifh jzpfay:cJh&wmjzpfygw,f? 'gudk zqyv}uD; yduGJwJhtcgrSm
jynfol&Jabmf (&JabmfjzL) rsm;uvnf; zGifh[azmfxkwfcJh+yD;jzpfovdk/ zqyv xdyfoD;wOD;jzpfwJh
Adv
k rf if;acgif wd@k u,
kd w
f ikd u
f vnf; azmfxw
k 0f efcH ajymqdck +hJ yD;jzpfygw,f? qd&k ,
S ef rD sm;uvnf; vusmf
qd&k ,
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f pf OD;ausm+f idr;f wd@k &J qd;k 0g;&ufpufnpfywfcyhJ akH wGukd azmfxw
k jf ypfwifa0zefc+hJ yD;jzpfygw,f?
tm%m&tkypf ;kd olawGuawmh/ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D J vufeufuikd t
f =urf;zufvrf;pOfukd pGu
J ikd f
taumiftxnfazmfr_a=umifhvdk@ wav#mufvHk; pGwfpGJazmfjy 0g'jzef@csdcJh=uygw,f?
'gjzifh vGwv
f yfa&;&+yD; wESpt
f wGi;f qufwu
kd af y:xGuv
f mcJw
h hJ u&ifah wmfveS af &;eJ@/ vlrsK;d
pkvufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;awGuaum bma=umifhjzpfay:vmcJhovJ? zqyv}uD;twGif;u
jynfol &Jabmf awmcdrk /_ ppfwyftwGi;f u wyf&if;wcsKd awmcdrk a_ wGuaum bma=umifjh zpfay:cJo
h
vJ? tkypf ;kd oltm%m&awG&J azmufjyefwhJ rl0g'ay:vpD&J vky&f yftzHzk akH =umifh jzpfay:cJ&h wm xif&mS ;
ygw,f? u&ifhawmfvSefa&;tygt0if vlrsKd;pkvufeufudkifv_yf&Sm;r_awGudk e,fcsJorm;&J aoG;xdk;
vH_aqmf ajrmufyifhay;r_a=umifh/ usOf;ajrmif;wJh vlrsKd;a&;tjrif0g'awGa=umifhvdk@ aumufcsufqGJjy
owfrSwfazmf!ef;jyavh&SdcJhygw,f? tkyfpdk;ol tpdk;&tqufquf&J rrSefruef vkyfaqmifcJhr_awG
a=umifh azmufjyefwhJ rl0g'/ ay:vpDawGa=umifh qdw
k mudak wmh enf;enf;av;rS 0efcaH jymqdk azmfxw
k f
cJ=h uzl;jcif; r&Syd g? tkypf ;kd oltm%m&rsm;[m olw@kd tcsi;f csi;f vnf; rzH;k Edik rf zdEikd f uG=J u+yJ=u aqmf=u
294
0if;wihfxGef;
ESuf=u tm%mvkcJh=uayr,fh/ jynfwGif;ppfeJ@ywfouf+yD; ajymyHkqdkyHk 0g'jzef@csd=uyHkawGrSmawmh

wavwnf;yJ xGufcJh=uygw,f? jynfwGif;ppfudkajz&Sif;zdk@ ud;yrf;=uyHk/ oabmxm;cJh=uyHkawGrSm
vnf; oHwla=umif;uGJeJ ha=umif;uGJoHwlawGcsnf; jzpfcJhygw,f?
jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh }uD;xGm;vmcJh&wJh ppfwyf}uD;uvnf; ppfwyf&Jtcef; qufvuf}uD;
xGm;a&;twGuf jynfwiG ;f ppf}uD;udk qufarG;xm;csicf +hJ yD;/ rSerf eS u
f efuef w&m;r#wpGm ajz&Si;f a&;rSef
or#udk vHk;0rvdkvm;EdkifcJh=uyg? jynfwGif;ppfudk ajz&Sif;&r,fqdkv#ifvnf; tywfwdkufenf;udkbJ
usifhoHk;+yD; ppfwyf&J ta&;ygr_tvHudk wvlvljrifhwif pdkufxl ae&m,lxm;csifcJh=uygw,f? jynf
wGif;ppf}uD;tay:rSmawmh tkyfpdk;oltpdk;&eJ@ ppfwyf}uD;[m oabmxm;tjrifcsif; vufawGyrl
vkyu
f ikd f ajcpH&k yfrc_ si;f wlncD =hJ uygw,f? 'D*&Dtedrt
hf jrifv
h u
kd f =unfh r_ ,fq&kd ifawmh jynfwiG ;f ppfukd
tywfwdkufenf;eJ@ajz&Sif;+yD; tm%matmifvHudk jywfjywfom;om; pdkufxltxm;csifqHk;[m ppf
wyfjzpfcJhygw,f? ppfwyfeJ@ renf;dk;pGJvdkufwmuawmh OD;AaqG/ OD;ausmf+idrf;wdk@&J vusfmqdk&S,fvpf
rsm;jzpfygw,f? wnf+rJ zqyv tkypf jk zpfygw,f? OD;Ek wd@k uawmh wnf+rJ oef@&iS ;f uG+J yD;aemufyikd ;f rSm
+idrf;csrf;a&;buf jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;buf rsufESmrlcsifcsifykH ajymif;vJazmfjyvmcJhygao;w,f?
'gayr,fh wnf+rJ&J tE W&m,fudk a=umuf&GHcJhovdk ppfwyf}uD;&J wefcdk;&Sdefapmf tmEkabmfudkvnf;
ry,f0HhEdkif/ rausmfv$mEdkifjzpfcJh&+yD;/ rdk;cg;a&udkyJ qufaomufcJh&ygw,f? OD;Ek[m +idrf;csrf;a&;rSm
aphpyfaqG;aEG;aomenf;udk roH;k 0Hah =umif;/ oH;k v#if jywfrnfukd OD;Ek oda=umif;/ rdrw
d @kd aqG+idr;f tzGJ u
cHrnfr[kwaf =umif;/ wdik ;f jynfaoG;acsmif;pD;apEdik af =umif;qdw
k hJ wnf+rJO;D xGe;f 0if; &J azmfxw
k }f udr;f
armif;csufeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; Armhwyfrawmfacgif;aqmifawG&J oabmwlnDcsufr&bJ/
usaemf bmwckrSrvkyfcJhzl;bl;? ay;cJhor# vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhawGvkyfcJhor# vdkufav#mcGifhawG
tm;vHk;[m wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifawGeJ@ wdkifyif+yD;/ olwdk@&JoabmwlnDcsufudk&rS usaemfvkyfcJh
w,f? ukeu
f ek af jymr,f olyek af wGe@J ywfoufwhJ a=unmcsuaf wG/ usaemf&h J rde@f ceG ;f awG tm;vH;k [m
wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifawGujkd y+yD;rS xkwjf yefcw
hJ ,f qdw
k hJ OD;Ek&J 59 ckEpS f ara';ae@ rde@f ceG ;f 0efccH suf
udk om"utjzpf axmuf_Edkifygw,f?
ppfwyfudk 0dkif;+yD;ajrmufcJh=uovdk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;udk 0dkif;+yD; acsmhjrLcJh=u/ 0dkif;+yD;
,Hk=unfcJh=uvdk@ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepf}uD; a&pHkarsm&wmvdk@vnf; aumufcsufwckqGJEdkifygw,f?
yxrqHk;t}udrf 58 ckESpf ppfwyftm%modrf;r_}uD; ray:rDrSmav;wif/ OD;Eku wyfrawmfudk
txifrrSm;=uzdk@/ wdkif;jynf}uD; acsmufxJuszdk@ vufESpfvHk;tvdkrSm- wyfrawmf&J aus;Zl;a=umifh
wdik ;f jynf}uD; tE &W m,ftaygi;f u vGwu
f if;cJ&h wmvd@k ajymcJo
h vd/k Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; [m vlaumif;
yg? ol&Jvufatmufu vlwcsKda=umifh ArmjynfrSm 'Drkdua&pDtE W&m,foifh&wmvdk@vnf; xkwf
azmfajymqdkcJhygw,f? tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;ae&qJrSmawmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m rsKd;cspfyk*~dKvf}uD;
jzpfygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;Adokum}uD;jzpfygw,f? 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;wJh yk*~dKvf}uD;jzpfygw,fvdk@ *k%f
wifajymqdck yhJ gw,f? aemufq;kH t+yD;tydik f tm%modr;f zd@k oludzk rf;+yD; csKyfaESmifxm;csed t
f xdawmif
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk oHo,r&Sd ar#mfvifh,Hk=unfaeqJjzpfcJhygw,f? OD;ausmf+idrf;/ OD;AaqGwdk@
tkyfpkuawmh olwdk@udk,fwdkifarG;cJhwJh a&G;cs,fcJhwJhvljzpfwJhtwGuf wav#mufvHk; Adkvfae0if;udk
pdwcf s,=kH unfaecJyh gw,f? yxrt}udrt
f m%modr;f zd@k 0dik ;f 0efajrmufyifah y;wJt
h xJvnf; yg0ifc=hJ u
295
0if;wihfxGef;
ovdk 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf &ufwdk;ay;zdk@ Adkvfae0if;u awmif;awmhvnf; oabm&Sd/ ua&m[d vkyfcJh=u

wJt
h jyif/ aemufxyf vdt
k yfv@kd xyfraH wmif;r,fq&kd ifawmif axmufczH @kd toif&h adS =umif;vd@k udwif
rsupf ypfcyhJ gw,f? qd&k ,
S v
f pfrsm;/ wnf+rrJ sm;[m Adv
k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if&J ppfwyfukd 'd@k val wG/ 'd@k val v
vdk@ wavsmufvHk; vkyfcJh=uygw,f?
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif vdk twdkuftcH yrnwacgif;aqmif}uD;uvnf; wzufuom ppfwyf
tm%modrf;r_udkqef@usif+yD; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk tm%moufwrf;wdk;ay;zdk@ qef@usifuef@uGufcJh
ayr,f/h Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;&J ygvrD efred @f ceG ;f a0zefcsux
f rJ mS udk Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;udk &mZ0ifwav#muf
vHk;rSm ,Hk=unfcJhygw,f? ,Hk=unfxdkufwJh yk*~dKvfwa,mufvnf;jzpfygw,f? vdk@ csD;yifhacsmhjrL
ajymqdck jhJ yefygw,f? td;k pGv
J usmf orm;}uD;awGuaum/ Adv
k cf sKyfae0if; eJ@ ppfwyfukd b,fvakd jrmuf
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&[ef;oHCmawmfawGutp qdkuUm;orm;/ acgif;&GufAsufxdk; aps;onftqHk; 0ef}uD;csKyf

tdro
f mG ;0dik ;f +yD;/ qENjywm/ uef@uu
G w
f m/ _wcf swmawG vkyEf ikd cf iG hf tawmftoif&h cJyh gw,f? +idr;f csr;f
a&;qENjyyGJ}uD;rsm;/ ausmif;om;or*~}uD;&J uef@uGufqENjyyGJ}uD;rsm; pDwef;vSnfhvnf auG;a=umf
azmfxkwfyGJrsm; twdkif;twmwcktxd vkyfudkifEdkifcGifh&cJhygw,f? vGwfvyfpGmpDwef;vSnfhvnf qEN
jycGifhudk twdkif;twmtqifhwcktxd cGifhyay;tyfxm;w,fvdk@ qdk&rSmjzpfygw,f?
toif;tyif; zGJpnf;cGifhawGudkvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifh cGifhyxm;wJhtwGuf ukefonf}uD;
rsm;toif;/ pufydkifrsm;toif;/ ajr&Sif}uD;rsm;toif;/ yGJpm;}uD;rsm;toif;wdk@uae pma&;q&mrsm;
toif;/ uAsmq&mrsm;toif;/ owif;pmq&mrsm;toif;/ pwJph wJh toif;aygi;f pHv
k nf; vGwv
f w
G f
uif;uif; wnf&SdcGifh&cJhygw,f? ukefwifukefcs tvkyform;rsm;toif;/ qdkuUm;orm;rsm;toif;/
armfawmf,mOfrsm; toif;rsK;d awGtxd toif;tyif;aygi;f pHk &yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;cGi&hf cJ=h uygw,f? tJ'v
D kd
a[majymv_yf&Sm;cGifh/ oabmxm;xkwfazmfcGifh/ pDwef;vSnfhvnf qENjyydkifcGifh/ toif;tyif; zGJpnf;
pka0;cGifh/ pme,fZif;vGwfvyfcGifhawGudk zqqdk&S,f vpftm%m&}uD;rsm;u uef@owfzdk@/ csKyfcs,fzdk@/
[ef@wm;ydwfyifzdk@/ tedrfhqHk; av#mhcswm;jrpfEdkifzdk@txd t}udrf}udrftm;xkwf vHk;yef;pdkif;jyif; pDpOfcJh
=uayr,fh a,bk,stm;jzifh twdik ;f twmwcktxd 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm;[m wnf&&dS iS o
f efEikd cf hJ
=uygw,f?
ygvDref'Drkdua&pDacwf}uD;twGif;rSm 'Drdkua&pD qdkwJhpum;&yfeJ@ avsmfnDpGm/ a,bk,s
"e&Sif'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;[m vHk;0aysmufuG,f qHk;yg;z,f&Sm;cH&wJhtxdawmh ra&mufcJh&bJ/
twdkif;twmwcktxdaom/ [efjyyJjzpfjzpf vufawG _jrifqkyfudkifazmfjyEdkifaom/ 'Drdkua&pD
eJ h tcGit
hf a&; t&dyt
f a,miftaiGtoufrsm; wnf&v
dS y_ &f mS ; &Sio
f efEikd cf yhJ gao;w,f? tcsKyftm;
jzifah jym&r,fq&kd if (14) ESpw
f mausmf ygvrD ef'rD u
dk a&pDacwf}uD;twGi;f rSm vGwv
f yfa&; a=unmpm
wrf;yg OD;wnfcsuaf wG/ &nfreS ;f csuaf wG/ auG;a=umfazmf!e ;f cJw
h mawG/ wpwp r_e0f gu,
G af ysmufchJ
&+yD;/ trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_}uD; tawmrowfEdkifatmif qufvufyduGJcJh&+yD;/ wdkif;jynf&J
pD;yGm;a&;/ Edik if aH &;/ vlra_ &; bufaygi;f pHk t=uyftwnf;}uD;awGom ay:aygucf &hJ &if; jynfwiG ;f ppf}uD;
om tzwfwifcJh&ygw,f?
wjcm;bufwbufu ajymr,fq&kd ifawmh ygvrD ef'rD u
kd a&pD&J qdik ;f bkwaf tmufrmS a,bk,s
"e&Sif'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;awG/ twdkif;twmwcktxd qufvufwnf&Sd &SifoefEdkifcJhygw,f?
tjynfht0 ayrSDa'gufrD r[kwfonfhwdkif/ wcsdKw0uf wpdwfwydkif; taiG@touf t&dyfta,mifyJ
jzpfap/ rwljcm;em;wJh 'D*&Dtedrfhtjrifh/ tenf;trsm;/ yrm%trsKd;rsdK;eJ@ vGwfvyfpGm oabmxm;
xkwaf zmfa[majymcGihf pnf;H;k v_y&f mS ;cGi/hf toif;tyif; zGJ pnf;wnfaxmifciG /hf pme,fZif;vGwv
f yfciG /hf
wef;pDqENjycGifhawG qufvuf&SifoefazmfjyEkdifcJhygw,f?
wdik ;f jynf&J zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf rdrw
d @kd ,=kH unfuikd pf &JG m Edik if aH &;0g'vrf;pOf ay:vpDawG
twdkif;/ Oya'wGif; Oya'y EdkifiHa&;ygwDzGJpnf;toD;oD;uvnf; qufvuftm;xkwf ud;yrf; vkyf
aqmifae=ucsed /f ppfreS w
f jhJ ynfaxmifp}k uD; jzpfwnfay:xGe;f vmEdik af &;twGuf vlrsK;d aygi;f pHk jynfe,f
aygi;f pHw
k @kd uvnf; zuf'&,fru
l kd auG;a=umfwifjy&if; ud;yrf;tm;xkwv
f y_ &f mS ;ae=ucsed rf mS / Adv
k cf sKyf
300
0if;wihfxGef;
}uD;ae0if; OD;aqmifwJh ppfwyf}uD;uae ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf}uD;&J tqHk;owf uef@vefumudk

vufeufudkifenf;eJ@ qGJcszHk;tkyf ed*Hk;csKyfay;vdkufygawmhw,f?
ygvrD ef'rD u
kd a&pDtiftm;pkawGtm;vH;k / jynfol 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkawGtm;vH;k eJ@ rdrw
d @kd &J
w&m;ojzifh tcGifhta&;awGtwGuf v_yf&Sm;kef;uef ud;yrf;azmfaqmifae=uwJh vlrsKd;pk tiftm;pk
awGtm;vHk;udk z,f&Sm;zsufausmfvdkuf+yD;/ ppfwyftiftm;pk}uD;u EdkifiHawmftm%mudk 0ifa&muf
odrf;ydkuf&,lvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'}uD;udk toufeJ@&if;+yD; umuG,f
apmifhxdef;vdkufemyghr,fvdk@ vlod&Sif=um;uwdyxm;cJhwJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifwJh wyfrawmf
}uD;uae tajccHOya'}uD;udkvnf; t+yD;tydkif ab;z,fypfvdkufawmhwmjzpfygw,f?
301
tm%modrf; awmfvSefa&;aumifpD ppftkyfpk

(1962 rS 1974 )
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDOuUX
AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmif}uD;
AdkvfrSL;csKyfoef;az
'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf 'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf (a&)
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0if awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0if
AdkvfrSL;csKyfwDuvpf
AdkvfrSL;csKyfwifaz
AdkvfrSL;csKyfpef;,k
'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(av) taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyw
opfvkyfief;OuUX
f ikd ;f rSL;
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0if
AdkvfrSL;}uD;aomif;=unf
AdkvfrSL;}uD;=unfarmif
AdkvfrSL;csKyfpdef0if;
ta&S
@
a
wmif
w
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k
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ppf
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taemuf
awmifwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyfwikd ;f rSL;
tv,fyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyw
f ikd ;f rSL;
302
AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;pdef
AdkvfrSL;}uD;armifa&$
ppfOD;pD;AdkvfrSL;}uD;
ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rSL;
AdkvfrSL;}uD;ausmfpdk;
ppf&mxl;cef@twGif;0ef
AdkvfrSL;}uD;apmjrifh
e,fjcm;a'otkycf sKyfa&;t&m&Sd
AdkvfrSL;}uD;cif!dk
avhusifha&;!$ef=um;a&;rSL;
AdkvfrSL;}uD;cspf+rdKif
wGJzufppfaxmufcsKyf
AdkvfrSL;}uD;vS[ef
uuaq;!$ef=um;a&;rSL;
AdkvfrSL;}uD;wef,kqdkif
'kwyfrSL;csKyf/ jynfaxmifpk&Jwyf
303
0if;wihfxGef;
tydik ;f (3)
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf
1962=1974
1962 ck E S p f ppf w yf t m%mod r f ; r+ E S i f h
Armjynf p pf t m%m&S i f p epf ed ' gef ;
1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &uf reuf (8) em&D (25) rdepfrSm/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u jrefrmhtoHuae Edik if aH wmftm%mudk Armhwyfrawmfu wm0ef,al pmifah &Smuf
vdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmvdkufygw,f? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&J a=unmcsufxJrSm jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHawmf. txl;,dk,Gif;vmaomtajctaeqdk;udk xdef;odrf;pdrfhaomiSm/ ArmhwyfrawmfrS
wm0ef,lapmifha&Smufvdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif; vdk@ azmfjyvdkufygw,f? ArmjynfwjynfvHk;uomru
wurBmvHk;uyg ppfwyfutm%modrf;vdkuf+yDqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odoGm;=uygw,f? reufydkif;
rSmyJ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzGJpnf;vdkuf+yD jzpfa=umif;owif; jrefrmhtoHu qufvufxkwfjyef
a=unmay;cJhygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrSm yk*~dKvf (17) OD; yg0ifcJhygw,f?
1? AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;
- awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuU
2? Adkvfr;csKyf atmif}uD;
- tzGJ0if
3? Adkvfr;csKyf oef;az
- tzGJ0if
4? Adkvfr;csKyf wDuvpf
- tzGJ0if
5? Adkvfr;csKyf wifaz
- tzGJ0if
6? Adkvfr;csKyf pef;,k
- tzGJ0if
7? Adkvfr;csKyf pdef0if;
- tzGJ0if
8? Adkvfr;}uD; aomif;=unf
- tzGJ0if
9? Adkvfr;}uD; =unfarmif
- tzGJ0if
10? Adkvfr;}uD; armifa&$
- tzGJ0if
11? Adkvfr;}uD; oef;pdef
- tzGJ0if
304
0if;wihfxGef;
12? Adkvfr;}uD; ausmfpdk;

- tzGJ0if
13? Adkvfr;}uD; apmjrifh
- tzGJ0if
14? Adkvfr;}uD; cspfrdif
- tzGJ0if
15? Adkvfr;}uD; cif!dk
- tzGJ0if
16? Adkvfr;}uD; vS[ef
- tzGJ0if
17? Adkvfr;}uD; wef,kqdkif
- tzGJ0if
wdk@ jzpfygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD &JaemufrSm wqufwnf;ay:xGufvmwmu tpdk;&tzGJ jzpfyg
w,f? 'gha=umifh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&vdk@ ac:ygw,f? tpdk;&tzGJudk 'DvdkzGJpnf;ygw,f?
1? AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;
- (awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuU/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/
bma&;ESihf tcGeaf wmf 0ef}uD;Xme/ w&m;a&;0ef}uD;
Xme/
2? Adkvfr;csKyf atmif}uD;
- (ukefoG,fr_ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/
pufr_vufr_ 0ef}uD;Xme)
3? Adkvfr;csKyf wifaz
- (v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawm0ef}uD;Xme/ or0g
,rESifh ukefpnfjzef@jzL;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)
4? Adkvfr;csKyf oef;az
- (ynma&; 0ef}uD;Xme/ usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme)
5? OD;oD[ef
- (Edik if jH cm;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme/ tvkyo
f rm;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme/
tdr,
f maqmufvyk af &; 0ef}uD;Xme/ owKwGi;f 0ef}uD;
Xme)
6? Adv
k rf ;}uD; ausmpf ;kd
- (jynfxaJ &; 0ef}u;D Xme/ vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;0ef}u;D Xme)
7? Adkvfr;}uD; apmjrifh
- (jyef=um;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme/ ,Ofaus;r_0ef}uD;Xme)
8? 'kAdkvfr;}uD; beD
- (vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme) wdk@jzpfygw,f?
0ef}uD;XmeawGudk wm0ef,ludkifwG,fxm;=uayr,fh 0ef}uD;vdk@roHk;E_ef;bJ wm0efcH qdkwJh
a0g[m&udk pwiftoHk;y ac:a0:xm;ygw,f? yxrOD;qHk; pwifzGJpnf;a=unmwm[m txufyg
twdkif; (8) OD;yJjzpf+yD;/ rwfv (5) &ufae@rS xyf+yD; 0ef}uD;XmeawGudk qufvufcGJa0 cGJwrf;csjyefyg
w,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf;kH ESihf trsK;d om;pDru
H ed ;f 0ef}uD;Xmeudk Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;/ ypPn;f axmufyahH &;0ef}uD;
Xmeudk Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD;/ v,f,majr EdkifiHydkifyvkyfa&;Xmeudk Adkvfr;csKyfwifaz/ jynfolvkyf
ief;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;XmeawGudk tdrf,maqmufvkyfa&;XmeeJ@ yl;aygif;oGm;zdk@u OD;oD[ef/
'Drdkua&pDa'oE W&tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh a'oE W&tzGJrsm;0ef}uD;Xme/ omoema&;0ef}uD;Xme/ trsKd;om;
rSwfyHkwifXmeawGudk yl;aygif;tkyfcsKyfoGm;zdk@u Adkvfr;}uD;ausmfpdk;/ u,fq,fa&;/ jyefvnfae&mcs
xm;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ vlr_0efxrf;XmeawGudk yl;aygif;tkyfcsKyfoGm;
zdk@u Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh/ o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;XmeawGudk vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmeeJ@ yl;aygif;
+yD; tkyfcsKyfoGm;zdk@u 'kAdkvfr;}uD;beD qdk+yD; xyfaqmif; cGJa0 cGJwrf;cs a=unmcJhygw,f?
305
0if;wihfxGef;
tJ'Dvdk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; OD;aqmifwJh wyfrawmfuae tm%modrf;,lvdkuf+yD; awmfvSef

a&;aumifpDqdkwmudk zGJpnf;/ tpdk;&tzGJqdkwmudk wdwdvif;vif; a=unmvdkufwmeJ@wydifeuf/
tJ't
D m%modr;f r_}uD;udk aAGaqmfO;D jywfjywfom;om; qef@usif w
_ cf svu
kd =f uwmuawmh ausmif;
om;xk&J Auo eJ@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDqdkwJh Auy wdk@jzpfygw,f?
vli,hw
f yfO;D eJ@ r[mrdwt
f zG@J (10) zG@J / &cdik o
f C
H wyfO;D / &cdik f aomwkZetzGJ csKyfw@kd uvnf;
qef@usiu
f ef@uu
G af =umif; w&m;0ifpmxkwcf =hJ uygw,f? &efuek cf kid af usmif;om;rsm;or*~ (&uo)
eJ@ wuUodkvfwyfOD;opf wdk@uvnf;/ vufrcHa=umif; qef@usifuef@uGufa=umif; a=unmcJhygw,f?
tm%modrf;cHvdkuf&wJh um,uH&Sif tm%m&tzGJtpnf;}uD; yxpeJ@ OD;ausmf+idrf;/ OD;AaqGwdk@&J
wnf+rJzqyv}uD;wdk@uawmh toHawmifrxGufcJhyg? wdk;wufygw,fqdkwJh yrnw }uD;uvnf;
rH+yD;aecJhygw,f?
rwfv (3) &ufae@vnfrmS awmfveS af &;aumifpu
D yxptpd;k &vufxufu&Scd w
hJ hJ &Sr;f jynf
e,faumifpD/ ucsifjynfe,faumifpD/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpD/ u,m;jynfe,faumifpD/ csif;a&;&m
aumifpDawGudk zsufodrf;vdkufa=umif; a=unmygw,f? wqufwnf;rSm jynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ qdkwJh
emrnftopfe@J topfjyefvnfzJG pnf;ay;vdu
k yf gw,f? &Sr;f jynfe,fO;D pD;tzGJ qdw
k mudk OuU OD;xGe;f
at; (erfch rf;) tzGJ 0if OD;ausmaf Zm/ OD;tH;k az/ OD;wifuu
kd /kd Adv
k rf ; }uD; armifa&$bkd eJ@ zGJ pnf;ay;ygw,f?
(tJ'Dwkef;u Adkvfr;}uD;armifa&$ [m ta&Sydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkif;r;jzpfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;
aumifpD0if pm&if;rSmygaeolvnf; jzpfygw,f?)
ucsifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJudkawmh OuUtjzpf OD;'def&wef/ tzGJ0if OD;xGef;&ifeJ@ Adkvfr;}uD;
vGe;f wif wd@k e@J zGJ pnf;ay;ygw,f? u&ifjynfe,fO;D pD;tzGJ udak wmh OuUtjzpf a'guw
f mapmvSxeG ;f /
tzGJ0if apmzdk;atmif/ OD;atpdk;jrifh/ apmcspfoef;/ Adkvfr}uD;aomif;=unf wdk@eJ@ zGJpnf;ay;ygw,f?
(Adkvfr;}uD;aomif;=unf [m tJ'Dwkef;u ta&Sawmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkifr;jzpfygw,f? awmfvSef
a&;aumifpD0ifpm&if;rSm ygaeolvnf;jzpfygw,f?)
tJ'D rwfv (3) &ufae@rSmyJ/ zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't& w&m;0ifa&G;aumufzGJpnf;
xm;cJw
h hJ jynfol v$waf wmf eJ@ vlrsK;d pkvw
G af wmf udk zsuo
f rd ;f a=umif; awmfveS af &;aumifpu
D
a=unmvdu
k yf gw,f? ygvrD ef[m vH;k 0 t+y;D tydik f &yfpo
J mG ;&ygawmhw,f? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (2)
&ufae@ ppfwyftm%modr;f r_ukd pepfwusppD Of+yD; OD;aqmifco
hJ [
l m/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; jzpfygw,f? tm%modrf;+yD; EdkifiHawmfudkOD;aqmifzdk@qdk+yD; yxrqHk;xGufay:vm
wmu awmfvSefa&;aumifpD jzpfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD[m tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJ
tpnf;jzpfygw,f? tm;vHk; ppfwyfxdyfoD;}uD;awGcsnf;jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdk tjrifhqHk;tm
%mydik t
f zGJ pnf;jzpfwhJ awmfveS af &;aumifpD qdw
k mzGJ pnf;a=unmvdu
k w
f t
hJ xd bmrS a&a&&m&m
rodvdkuf&wJh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifqdkolvnf; &dScJhw,fqdkygw,f? a&'D,dku w&m;0ifa=unmrS/
ud,
k w
f ikd v
f nf; awmfveS af &;aumifp0D ifjzpfaewm odvu
kd &f w,fqykd gw,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh Adv
k rf ; }uD;
=unfarmif? Adkvfr;}uD;=unfarmif [m tJ'Dwkef;u taemufawmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkif;r;tjzpf
ykodrfrSmyJ&SdaecJhygw,f? ykodrf&Sd wjcm;aomyk*~dKvfawGu ar;=ujref;=u ajym=uqdk=uawmhrS
cif;Asm;wd@k =um;ovdk usaemfvnf; tckrb
S =J um;&wmjzpfw,f/ ckrb
S J ud,
k [
hf mud,
k f awmfveS af &;
306
0if;wihfxGef;
aumifp0D ifjzpfaewmod&w,f vdk ah jym=um;cJw

h ,fqykd gw,f? &efuek rf mS tm%modr;f +yD;rS wdik ;f r;
awGtm;vHk;yg awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifpm&if;xJ xnfhay;+yD; a=unmvdkufwJhoabmjzpfygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDqdkwm t"dutm;jzifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J yg;pyfpm&if;eJ@ xGufay:vmcJh&wJh
taetxm;jzpfygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tpdk;&tzGJqdkwmvnf;/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J tpDpOft&/ xGufay:
vm&wJh wm0efcH pm&if;wckoabmyJjzpfygw,f? tm%modr;f +yD;prSm awmfveS af &;aumifpD qdw
k m
rSma&m/ tpd;k &tzGJ qdw
k mrSmyg 'kw,
d tm%mt&dq
S ;kH jzpfvmwmu 'kw,
d umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfjzpf
wJh Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD;yJ jzpfygw,f? ajymp&mqdpk &mawGukd a&SuxGu+f yD; wufwufuGuGvy_ &f mS ;
vm&ol[m Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; jzpfvmygw,f?
rwfv (4) &ufae@ reuf (10) em&DrmS tm%modr;f acgi;f aqmif awmfveS af &;aumifpD OuU
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u rzrf;qD;yJxm;cJw
h hJ yxp/ zqyv eJ@ yrnw acgi;f aqmifawGukd '*H&k yd o
f mrSm
ac:,lawGqHkygw,f? yxp/ zqyv/ yrnw tzGJ (3) zGJu udk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;pDeJ@ awGqkHrSm
jzpfvdk@ udwifta=umif;=um;xm;csuft&/ tzGJ}uD; (3) zGJudk udk,fpm;ywJh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[m
tpDpOftwdkif; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;eJ@ vma&mufawGqHk=uygw,f?
yxp u yxpacgif;aqmifawGjzpfwJh ocifausmfxGef;/ Adkvfwifarmif}uD;/ OD;apmvl;vl/
Adkvfat; wdk@vnf; vma&muf=uygw,f? zqyv (wnf+rJ) bufu zqyv tzGJcsKyfacgif;aqmif
awGjzpf=uwJh OD;AaqG/ OD;ausm+f idr;f / Adv
k cf ifarmifav;/ OD;cifarmifvwf/ OD;xGe;f wif wd@k vma&muf=u
ygw,f? yrnw bufu wufa&mufvm=uolawGuawmh 0d"l&ocifcspfarmif/ Adkvfzdk;uGef;/ Adkvfjr
aoG;/ AdkvfatmifEdkif eJ@ OD;atmifjrifh wdk@jzpfygw,f? 'Dacgif;aqmifawGudk awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuU
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; u awGqHak qG;aEG;&Si;f vif;jyvdu
k w
f muawmh- wdik ;f jynfrmS ukeaf ps;Ele;f awGwuf
aewJhudpP/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;r_ysufjym;aewJhudpPawGeJ@ zuf'&,fudpP tvGefwif;rmvmwma=umifh
rvGJra&Smifomvdk@ wdkif;jynfwm0efudk xdef;odrf;&jcif;jzpfygw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD[m qdk&S,fvpfyef;wdkifudk csDwufoGm;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ tJ'DvdkcsDwuf
oGm;&mrSm Edik if aH &;ygwaD wGe@J wdik yf if+yD; nD!w
G pf mG csw
D ufomG ;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ vuf&t
Sd ajccHOya'[m
vdktyfovdk qGJ,lEdkifwJh Oya'jzpfwJhtwGuf topfjyefvnfa&;qGJzdk@vdkwJhta=umif;eJ@ zGJpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHk tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mrSm yxptzGJcsKyf/ zqyvtzGJcsKyf/ yrnw wdk@eJ@ ndE_dif;a&;qGJrSmjzpf
a=umif;qd+k yD; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk &Si;f vif;jyvdu
k w
f ,fqykd gw,f? qd&k ,
S v
f pfyef;wdik f csw
D ufomG ;r,fqw
kd hJ
teH@udkay;vdkuf&if; aoG;wdk;prf;=unfhvdkufjcif;jzpfovdk/ tzGJ (3) zGJpvHk;udk rufvHk;ay;+yD; +idrfaq;
au|;vdkufjcif;vnf;jzpfygw,f? +yD;awmhrS twlwGJ+yD;rvkyfEdkif&ifvnf; taESmuft,Sufry=u
ygeJ@ qdkwJh pum;vHk;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;ajym=um;vdkuf&if; arwWm&yfcHovdkvdkeJ@ +cdrf;ajcmuf
vdkufygw,f? ae@vnfpmau|;+yD; a&Sa[mif;aemufjzpfawGajym=um;&if; wcsdefu twlwlvGwfvyf
a&;twGuf toufay;+yD; nDnD!Gwf!Gwfaqmuf&GufcJh=uykH/ tm;vHk;wnfaqmufcJhwJh trsKd;om;
pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;}uD; yduGJysufpD;oGm;cJh&jcif;twGuf oHa0*,loifhyHkawGvnf;/ a&mufwuf&m&m
qufvufajymqdk+yD; wcsdefu ar#mfrSef;cJh=uwJh qdk&S,fvpfpepf wnfaqmufa&;wm0ef}uD;udk nDnD
!Gwf!Gwfaqmif&GufoGm;=uygvdk@ qG,fw&m;a[mvdkufygw,f?
307
0if;wihfxGef;
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; ay;vdkufwJh qdk&S,fvpfteH@[m yrnw}uD;udk txl;ojzifh 0d"l&ocif

cspfarmif wdk@tkyfpkudk b0ifacGoGm;apcJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh yrnw tzGJ}uD;u awmfvSefa&;
aumifpD. aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;wGif yg0ifyl;aygif;rnfjzpfa=umif; qdkwJh a=unmcsufudk xkwfjyef
vdkufygawmhw,f? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (4) &ufae@rSmyJ u,m;jynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJudk awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDu qufvufzGJpnf;a=unmygw,f? u,m;jynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ OuUtjzpf OD;at;jrav;/
tzGJ0ifawGtjzpf OD;apmodef;/ OD;bl;&,f/ OD;odkif;oef;wif eJ@ Adkvfr;}uD;armifa&$ wdk@jzpf=uygw,f?
rwfv (7) &ufae@rmS awmfveS af &;aumifp&D J yxrqH;k t}udrf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yG}J uD; '*H&k yd o
f mrSm
yvkyfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; eJ@ jyef=um;a&;Xmewm0efcH Adkvfr;}uD;
apmjrifh wdk@uae wm0ef,l &Sif;vif;ajymqdkwmvkyfygw,f? owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJrSm Adkvfr;csKyf
atmif}uD; u tm%modrf;&jcif;ta=umif;uawmh pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ bmoma&;/ aemufqHk;
zuf'&,fral &;udpaP =umifh odr;f &ygw,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd awmfveS af &;aumifp[
D m tm%mudv
k ckd siv
f kd
t"rR,ljcif;r[kwfyg? b,fvdkodEdkifovJqdk&if vGefcJhaomESpfESpfavmufu vlxktpdk;&tm;
tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;cJhjcif;[m xif&Sm;ygw,f? ck 'kwd,t}udrfodrf;jcif;rSm zuf'&,frl&J ta&;w
}uD;jzpfay:aeaomta=umif;a=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,ckvdk rvGJomra&SmifombJeJ@ wdkif;jynfudk xdef;
odr;f zd@k tm%modr;f ,l&jcif;jzpfygw,f? vd@k awmfveS af &;aumifpu
D ,
kd pf m; &Si;f vif;ajymqdyk gw,f?
jynfaxmifp}k uD;&J@ ,d,
k iG ;f vmwJt
h ajcaeawGukd xde;f odr;f pdrahf omiSm tm%modr;f ,lvu
kd &f ygw,f
qdkwJh ppftkyfpk[m t"dutm;jzifh zuf'&,frl a=umifh odrf;,lvdkuf&jcif;jzpfygw,fvdk@ xkwfazmf
ajymqdkvmwmjzpfygw,f?
'guawmh ajAmifvdrfajAmifpm; ajymqdkvdkufjcif;jzpfw,fqdkwm tm;vHk;u oabmayguf
vdu
k =f uygw,f? zuf'&,frl aqG;aEG;yGaJ wG[m yxptpd;k &&J tpDtpOfawGe@J w&m;0ifaqG;aEG;ae
=uwJh aqG;aEG;yGaJ wGomjzpf+yD; jynfaxmifp}k uD;twGi;f u cGx
J u
G zf @kd uv
kd nf; b,fou
l rS OD;wnfa[m
ajyae=uwmr&dSovdk/ cGJxGufzdk@udk b,folrSawmif owdr&=uwJh taexm;rsKd;jzpfygw,f? zuf'
&,fv_yf&Sm;r_/ jynfe,faygif;pHknDvmcHcif;usif;+yD;/ awGqHkaqG;aEG;v_yf&Sm;ae=ur_awGtm;vHk;[m
w&m;Oya'abmiftwGif;uae ajymqdkaqG;aEG; v_yf&Sm;ae=uwmawGcsnf;yJjzpfygw,f// udk,fpm;
vS,af ygi;f pHak &S/ owif;pmq&mawGa&SarSmufrmS w&m;0ifajymqdak qG;aEG;vkyu
f ikd af e=uwJh v_y&f mS ;r_
awGcsnf;jzpfygw,f? 'DvdkjzpfygvsufeJ@ 'Dzuf'&,fv_yf&Sm;r_udk ta=umif;jywm/ zuf'&,frlqdkwm
udk wu,fhtE W&m,f}uD;tjzpf vuf!dk;xdk;+yD;/ 'gha=umifh tm%modrf;&ygw,fvdk@ ajymqdkwm[m
ajAmifvdrfajAmifpm; ajymqdkwmjzpfygw,f? ighpum;EGm;& ajymqdkenf;eJ@ ajymqdkoGm;wmjzpfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m rv$Jra&Smifom udk,fhpum;eJ@udk,f ydwfrdae+yD; tajcaeuvnf;
t+yD;tydik t
f m%modr;f vdu
k v
f @kd rjzpfao;wJh taexm;awGa=umifh a&G;aumufyv
JG yk af y;um tm%m
udkjyeftyfcJh&ayr,f/ tm%mudk t+yD;tydkifodrf;Edkifzdk@ qif}uH}uH ta=umif;&Smaewkef; zuf'&,f
rludpP[m taumif;qHk;ta=umif;jyp&mudpP}uD;wcktjzpf ,lqcJhyHk&ygw,f? zuf'&,frl udk
wifae=uolawGtm;vHk;[m jynfaxmifpk}uD;xJuae cGJxGufzdk@r[kwfbJ jynfaxmifpk}uD;tjzpf
b,fvakd ygi;f pnf;=urvJqw
kd m wifjytqdk yae=ujcif;omjzpfw,fqw
kd mudak wmif *krrlEikd af wmhbJ
usm;usm;rD;,yf vkyfypfvdkuf=uwmjzpfygw,f?
308
0if;wihfxGef;
58 ckESpf yxrt}udrf ppfwyfu tm%modrf;pOfu tm%moGm;awmif;ol wOD;jzpfwJh

Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD;[m/ OD;Ek qDu tm%mudv
k nf; vufc&H &daS &m tm%modr;f w,fqw
kd phJ um;
rajymygeJ@/ tm%mudkv$Jajymif;ay;tyfwmudk vufcH&,lwmyg vdk@ cyfwnfwnf ajAmifvdrfcJh+yD;
tm%modr;f w,f qdw
k mudk jiif;qdck ahJ yr,f/h 'Dwcgtm%modr;f wJt
h cgrmS awmh ck 'kw,
d t}udrf
odrf;jcif;rSm vdk@ vkyfcsvdkufjyefygw,f? a,mif,rf;ajymqdk&if; trSefwdkif; xGufvmcJhyHk&ygw,f?
a&Spum;eJ@ aemufpum; b,fawmhrrS nDbJ ajAmifvrd af jAmifpm;vkyw
f wfwhJ ppftyk pf &k J tusi[
hf m
bGm;bGm;}uD;ay:aecJyh gw,f? tckvnf; zuf'&,frl a=umifh zuf'&,frl a=umifv
h @kd }uH}uHzefzef
vuf!;kd xd;k tjypfwif&if; rv$rJ a&Smifomvd@k tm%modr;f &wmyg? tm%mudk vdck siv
f @kd t"rR,l
jcif;r[kwfyg vdk@ qdkvmjyefygw,f? tm%mudkrvdkcsifygbJeJ@ wdkif;jynf}uD;yduGJrSmpdk;vGef;vSwJh
twGuf rv$Jomra&Smifomvdk@ tm%modrf;vdkuf&wJhoabm zGifhqdk&Sif;vif;jyygw,f? ppfwyfu
rv$Jra&Smifom tm%modrf;vdkuf&jcif;&J t"duta=umif;t&if;[m zuf'&,frl a=umifhvdk@
w&m;0ifta=umif;jyvdkufygw,f? 'Dta=umif;jycsufudk azmfxkwfjzef@csdEdkifzdk@twGuf owif;pm&Sif;
vif;yGJudk usif;ycJhwmjzpfygw,f?
rwfv (8) &ufae@rSm a&G;aumufyGJ t+rJwef;aumfr&Sifudk zsufodrf;vdkufygw,f? rwfv
(9) &ufae@rSm rzGJpnf;&ao;wJh csif;a&;&mOD;pD;tzGJ udkzGJpnf;ay;+yD; xkwfjyefa=unmygw,f?
OuUtjzpfu OD;qefcdkv#H/ tzGJ0iftjzpf OD;yGwfyg;/ OD;wifZrf;/ OD;0rf;ol[m&Sif eJ@ 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;
apmarmifxGef; wdk@jzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh rwfv (9) &ufae@rSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD[m jynfe,fOD;pnf;tzGJ awGudk
tjynfhzGJpnf;+yD;+yD jzpfygw,f? &Srf;/ u&if/ u,m;/ csif; wdk@&J OD;pD;tzGJawG AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;
pdwfuduf zGJpnf;ay:aygufvmwmjzpfygw,f? csif; udkawmh csif;a&;&mOD;pD;tzGJvdk@ ac:a0:cJh+yD;
usef &Sr;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u,m;wd@k uakd wmh jynfe,fO;D pD;tzGJ vd@k emrnfay;cJyh gw,f? rGef eJ@ &cdik f
wd@k ukd jynfe,ftjzpf rowfrw
S af o;wJo
h abmjzpfygw,f? yxp tpd;k &vufxufuvnf; jynfe,f
tjzpfay;a&;udk oabmwl+yD;om;jzpfayr,f/h w&m;0ifjynfe,ftjzpf rzGJ pnf;&ao;ovdk awmfveS f
a&;aumifpDtpdk;&vufxufrSmvnf; qufvuf =um;csefxm;wJhoabmjzpfygw,f? 'Dt&if tpdk;&
tqufqufe@J rwlwmuawmh/ jynfe,fO;D pD;tzG@J awGwikd ;f xJrmS ppfwyfxyd o
f ;D awGukd tzGJ 0iftjzpf
ajymifxnfh zGJpnf;ay;xm;wmjzpfygw,f? tJ'D ppfwyfxdyfoD;awG[mvnf; tJ'Doufqdkif&m
jynfe,fa'o&Sd ppfwyf/ ppfwikd ;f wd@k &J xdyo
f ;D }uD;awGjzpfae=ujcif;jzpfygw,f? trsm;pk[m awmfveS f
a&;aumifp0D if}uD;awGawmifjzpfae=uygw,f? awmfveS af &;aumifpq
D w
kd m ppftpd;k &jzpfw,f? jynf
e,fawGwdkif;udkvnf; ppfwyfu wdkufdkufcsKyfudkifxm;w,fqdkwmudk ay:ay:xifxif azmfjyvdkufwJh
oabmjzpfygw,f?
rwfv (9) &ufae@rSmyJ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; eJ@ Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh
wd@k [m owif;pmq&mawGe@J xyfraH wGqH+k yD; 'kw,
d t}udrf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yG}J uD; vkyjf yefygw,f?
'Dwcgawmh Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}u;D / Adv
k rf ; }u;D apmjrihf wd@k EpS af ,mufwifruawmhbJ tiftm;jznfw
h if;+y;D
ygvmwmuawmh ppfwyfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh ppfwyf pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;Xmeu yk*~dKvfawGyg yg0if
vmwmjzpfygw,f? 'kw,
d Adv
k rf ; }uD;armifviG /f 'kw,
d Adv
k rf ; }uD;armifbkd eJ@ pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;Xme
'k!ef=um;a&;r;OD;apmOD; wdk@ygwufa&mufvm=uygw,f?
309
0if;wihfxGef;
owif;pmq&mawG&Jtar;udk ajz=um;&mrSm Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD;u wdkif;jynfyduGJr,fh

tajctaea&mufvmawmh xde;f odr;f &wmyJ/ toHvi$ hf rHk mS usi;f ycJw
h hJ trsK;d om;ES;D aESmzvS,yf o
JG m
+yD;&if jzpfcsifwmjzpfukef=urSmyJ/ &Srf;udpPu ya'o&mZfawG&J aemufqHk;azmufjyefr_yJ? zuf'&,fqdk
wmu trsKd;oma&;0g' jynfe,fpdwf0g'awGudk ta&cHxm;wmbJ? twGif;oabmu ya'o&mZf
awG&J aemufqHk;azmufjyefr_yJvdk@,lqw,f qdk+yD; ppfwyftm%modrf;&wm rSefw,fqdkwmjzpf
atmif }uHzefyHk}uD;csJajymqdkygw,f? wdkif;jynf}uD; uae@ reufzef yduGJoGm;awmhravmuf ,kwWd
,kwmW r&Sad jymqd&k if zuf'&,frl udyk J {&mrtE &W ,f}u;D tjzpf qufvufvuf!;kd xk;d +y;D ppftm%m
odrf;r_bufuae 0g'jzef@csdoGm;cJhygw,f? wu,fuawmh tm%m&rRuf ief;ief;wufaewJh ppfwyf
xdyo
f ;D Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;[m olu,
kd w
f ikd af cgi;f aqmif+yD; tm%mvdck siv
f @kd tm%modr;f cJw
h mjzpfyg
w,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;&J OD;aqmifra_ tmufu ppftyk pf t
k EG,0f ifawG ppfwyfxyd o
f ;D rsm;[mvnf;
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tvdkus aAmif;awmfndwf pdwfawmfodcJh=u+yD; }uH&mygawGtjzpf yg0ifcJh=uwm
jzpfygw,f? vufcsKd;a&wGufvdk@&avmufatmif tenf;wumhtenf;pk}uD;jzpfwJh yk*~dKvfrsm;om
aorxl;aerxl; Zmwfcif;=u&if; acG;jzpfrSawmh csD;pm;&rSmbJqdk+yD; ygvmcJh=uwmjzpfygw,f?
tm%mvdck siv
f @kd tm%modr;f cJw
h mudk wdik ;f jynf&J ,d,
k iG ;f vmwJt
h ajctaea=umifh zuf'&,fa=umifh
tm%modrf;&wmygvdk@ }uHzefajymqdk ta=umif;jycJhwmjzpfygw,f? urBmrSm b,ftm%modrf;ppf
acgi;f aqmifurSvnf; usKyfawmhtm%modr;f csiv
f @kd tm%modr;f wmyJ/ wdik ;f jynfrmS usKyfeyH gwf (1)
vkycf siv
f @kd tm%modr;f wmyJv@kd xkwaf zmfajymqdk 0efccH o
hJ rl sm;r&So
d vd/k Adv
k af e0if;wd@k wawGvnf;
ppftm%m&Sifwdk@&J xHk;enf;twdkif; rcdkifvHkwJhta=umif;jycsufawGudkom wdk;wdk;ajym&if; udk,hfudk
udk,f umuG,fzdk@ ud;pm;ae=uwmjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh qifaoudk qdwfa&eJ@zHk;zdk@ ud;pm;cJhayr,fh
rvHEk ikd cf yhJ g? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;[m ppftm%m&Sipf epfux
kd al xmif+yD; ppftyk pf }k uD;udak cgi;f aqmifum/
ppftm%m&Sif}uD;tjzpf wpxufwp yHkay:vm&awmhrSmjzpfygw,f?
1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (9) &ufae@rmS bJ awmfveS af &;aumifpaD =unmcsut
f rSwf (10) xGuaf y:
vmygw,f? tJ'aD =unmcsut
f rSwf (10) uawmh awmfveS af &;aumifpo
D nf awmfveS af &;aumifpD
OuUtm; Oya'ytm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr_tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%m[lonfh tm%moHk;&yfudk
tyfESif;onf qdkwJha=unmcsufyJjzpfygw,f?
rqv/ acwf a jymif ; awmf v S e f a &;eJ Armjynf E d k i f i H a &;tajctae

awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf[m ppfwyfutm%modrf;,l+yD; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDudk
a=unmum wdik ;f jynf&J tm%mt&yf&yfukd csKyfuikd f csK,fv,
S f tkypf ;kd csed u
f p+yD; ouf0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJyh g
w,f? 'ga=umifh 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@up+yD; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfqdkwm pwifjzpf
ay:vmygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD zGJpnf;+yD;aemuf wpf&uf rwfv (3) &ufae@rSm ygvDrefudk
t+yD;tydkif zsufodrf;ygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&JatmufrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&J OD;aqmif
!ef=um;r_twdkif; taumiftxnfazmfzdk@ jynfe,fOD;pnf;tzGJawGudk zGJygw,f? jynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ
310
0if;wihfxGef;
awGukd awmfveS af &;aumifpu

D wdu
k f u
kd cf sKyfuikd x
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ppfwyft}uD;tuJawGudk tzGJ0iftjzpf ay:ay:xifxif xnfhoGif;zGJpnf;ay;ygw,f? zuf'&,frl
a=umifh wdik ;f jynf}uD; yduEJG ikd w
f t
hJ E &W ,fa=umifh ppfwyfu rv$rJ a&SmifomyJ tm%modr;f &jcif;jzpfyg
w,fvdk@ r,Hkcsifae ,Hkcsif,Hk ta=umif;jy auG;a=umf 0g'jzef@csdygw,f? owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJawG
ac:,lusi;f y &Si;f vif;&mrSmvnf; zuf'&,fral =umifq
h w
kd mudk t"duxm;+yD; ta=umif;jyqifajcay;
cJhygw,f? tm%mtm;vHk;udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpDucsKyfudkifvdkuf+yD; tJ'Dtm%mtm;vHk;udk
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDOuUudk ESif;tyfvdkufw,fqdkwJh a=unmcsuf trSwf (10) udk xkwfjyefvdkuf
wJt
h wGuf Oya'ytm%m/ tkycf sKyfrt
_ m%mESihf w&m;pD&ifrt
_ m%m tm%moH;k &yfpvH;k udk csKyfuikd f
usio
hf ;kH oH;k pGcJ iG &hf o
dS [
l m awmfveS af &;aumifpOD uUjzpfwhJ Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;wa,mufxyJ J jzpfomG ;
ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m tm%moHk;&yfpvHk;udkydkifqdkifwJh/ udufovdkpGJudkifusifhoHk;EdkifwJh tm
%m&Sif}uD;tjzpf twdtvif;yHkay:vmcJhygw,f? oludk,fwdkif OD;pD;OD;aqmify+yD; tm%modrf;cJh
wmjzpfwJhtwGuf atmifjrifpGmtm%modrf;Edkif+yD;wJhtcg tm%m&Sdaomyk*~dKvfjzpfvm&wm bmrS
rqef;bl;vdk@ qdk&rSmjzpfayr,fh/ tckvdk tm%moHk;&yfpvHk;udk tyfESif;vdkufw,fqdkwJh a=unmcsuf
uawmh awmfawmfudk ajymifajymifwif;wif;EdkifvSygw,f?
1960 jynfEh pS rf mS zdvpfyikd Ef ikd if u
H ay;cJw
h hJ &mrGerf ufaq;aq; qk}uD;udk Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;
jiif;y,fcJhygw,f? trsm;tm;jzifh emrnf}uD;uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;orm;}uD;awGom &&Sdonfhqk}uD;
rdk@rsm; jiif;y,fcJhwmvm;/ 'Drdkua&pDudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fapmifha&SmufolawGudk todtrSwfyay;
tyfw,fqdkwJh 'Dqk}uD;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; bmvdk@ jiif;y,fcJhwmvJ/ pojzifhpojzifh trsKd;rsKd;wGuf
qrdc=hJ u xifa=u;ay; cef@reS ;f awG;awmcJ=h uolawGtwGuf tajz[m bGm;ceJay:vmcJ+h yD jzpfygw,f?
'Dru
kd a&pDpepfe@J zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'}uD;udk toufe@J v+J yD; xde;f odr;f umuG,af pmifah &Smuf
ygr,fvdk@ vlod&Sif=um; uwday;ajymqdkcJh&mu uwdawGudk csKd;azmuf+yD; udk,fwdkiftm%modrf;+yD;
tm%m,lz@kd tcdik t
f rm jyifqifwu
G cf suf tuGuaf umif;apmifah eoljzpfwt
hJ wGu/f 'Dq}k uD;udk jiif;
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twif;t"rR tm%mwuford ;f +yD; tm%m,lz@kd }udw+f yD;jyifqifae&olu/ 'Dru
dk a&pDukd pGr;f pGr;f wrH
xdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&Smufoltjzpf yHkazmfay;tyfr,fh 'Dqk}uD;udk b,fvdkvkyf+yD; ,lxm;vdk@
jzpfyghrvJ? 'ga=umifh udwifjiif;qefcJhwmjzpfovdk/ uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;orm;}uD;tjzpf towf
trSwfrcHEdkifvdk@ r,lcJhwmaerSmjzpfr,fvdk@ txifcH&&ifvnf; eJovm;vdk@ udwifwGufqcJhyHk&yg
w,f? *dk%f;}uD;ESpf*dk%f;&JwdkufyGJu jyif;xefaeqJjzpfovdk udkvdkeDxrf;ydk;atmufu vGwfajrmuf
ump tm&S/ tmz&du/ vufwiftar&du/ Edik if t
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h rf;a=umif;
uvnf; qdk&S,fvpfvrf;a=umif;jzpfae+yD; qdk&S,fvpfpepf[m a&yef;pm;qJumvjzpfygw,f? txl;
ojzifh tm&SrSm qdk&S,fvpfpepfa&yef;pm;qJjzpfovdk/ ArmjynfrSmvnf; qdk&S,fvpfa&;toH qdk&S,f
vpfvrf;a=umif;tdrfruf }uD;us,fqJqdkwm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; aumif;aumif;wGufcsufrd+yD;jzpfyg
w,f? ygvrD ef'rD u
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kd m tm%m
Edik if aH &;yg;0+y;D jzpfwhJ Adv
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d ifwu
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vH;k rSm t&Sed =f oZm}uD;vGe;f vSwhJ trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;ae&m &,lomG ;Edik cf w
hJ hJ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;
311
0if;wihfxGef;
wd@k wawG ar#m&f nfvv

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nmpmwrf;yg ar#mv
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taumiftxnfrazmfbJ ab;csypfxm;&mvnf;jzpfw/hJ qd&k ,
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k t
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zd@k t}uH}uD;vSwhJ Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;[m udwifjyifqifppD Ofxm;+yD;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh tm%modr;f
+yD;ESpf&uft=um rwfv (4) &ufae@rSmyJ yxp/ zqyv/ yrnw u acgif;aqmifawGudk ac:,lawG
qHk+yD; qdk&S,fvpfeH@ udk avud+yD;jyvdkufygw,f?
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qdkwJh aumufcsufudk azmfxkwfajymqdkvmcJhygw,f? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufwkef;u zGJpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHktajccHOya'&J yk'fr (116) udkjyifqifay;&rSmav;udkawmif EdkifiHawmfol EdkifiHom;rsm;u
ygvDrefv$wfawmf}uD;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmufygw,f? ygvDrefv$wfawmf}uD;u ygvDreftpdk;&udk
a&G;aumufwifajrmufygw,f? tJ'g[m rljzpfygw,f vkd@ajymqdk+yD;/ tJ'Drludk jyifqifray;zdk@ uef@
uGufajymqdkcJhwJh ocifcspfarmif[m/ zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'}uD;wckvHk;udk puULpkwfvkyfypf
vdkuf+yD; xifovdktm%modrf;oGm;wmudkawmh qdk&S,fvpfavudeH@a=umifh OD;OD;zsm;zsm; axmufcH
csuaf y;vdu
k w
f m[m th=H op&mjzpfygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;&J zrf;pm;r_ukd cHvu
dk &f wmjzpfygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u tm%mudq
k yk u
f ikd +f yD; a&&Snt
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ajymqdkxkwfazmfaecJh=uzl;wJh qdk&S,fvpfpepfeJ@vnf;rwlwJh/ rmhufpf0g'/ vDeif0g'/ tajccHqdk&S,f
vpfpepfvnf;r[kwfwJh/ ArmjynfrSm zGJpnf;ay:aygufcJh+yD; Adkvfae0if; udk,fwdkif yg0ifcJhzl;wJh qdk&S,f
vpfygwD&J qdk&S,fvpfqdkwmeJ@vnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh/ urBmrSm ay:aygufwnf&SdcJhwJh wjcm;wjcm;
aom qkd&S,fvpfygwDrsm;&J qkd&S,fvpfeJ@vnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh qdk&S,fvpfygwDoabmw&m;wck/
vrf;pOfwcka&;om;ay;zdk@ jyef=um;a&;Xmewm0efcH Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh/ pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;Xme
'kw,
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f id_ f (armifcspv
f i_d f ac: udu
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wJt
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Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifhxH tyfESH&w,fvdk@qdkygw,f? yxrqHk;ay;xm;wJh vrf;pOfoabmw&m; pmwef;
acgif;pOfuawmh Armenf;usaom qdk&S,fvpf0g' vdk@qdkygw,f? r[kwfwm [kwfwmtyxm;/
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rSm rwfvaemufqHk;tywfrSm qdk&S,fvpfeH@ygwJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDw&yfxlaxmifzdk@
olvdkcsifwJh EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfoabmw&m;wck &&Sdydkifqdkifxm;+yDjzpfygw,f?
rwfv (30) &ufae@rmS w&m;v$waf wmfe@J w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyfw@kd uv
kd nf; t+yD;tydik zf suf
odrf;um EdkifiHawmfw&m;Hk;csKyf qdkwmudk zGJpnf;a=unmygw,f?
{+yDv (30) &ufae@rSm &wemyHka&wyfpcef;rSm wyfr;rsm;nDvmcHudk ac:,lusif;yygw,f?
tJ'DnDvmcHrSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u &&Sdxm;+yD;jzpfwJh EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOf oabmw&m;pmwrf;udk
csjyygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk,fwdkif pmwrf;udk wydk'fpDwydk'fpD &Sif;vif;ajymqdkwmvkyfygw,f?
312
0if;wihfxGef;
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csufudk rlwnf+yD; ajymif;vJvdkufwJhtwGuf jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf qdkwmudk twnfyrSnfhac:
vdkufw,fqdkygw,f? 'ga=umifh 1962 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30) &ufae@rSm tydk'f (21) ydk'fyg0ifwJh jrefrmh
qdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf qdkwm xGufay:vmygw,f? pwifa&;om;ol[m OD;cspfv_dif (armifcspfv_dif)
jzpfayr,fh jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf pwifay:ayguf&m[m &wemyHka&wyfpcef; wyfr;rsm;nDvmcH
uvdk@qdk&rSmjzpfygw,f?
tJ'Djrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk wyfr;tm;vHk;u vufcHoabmwl+yD;wJhtcg/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if; tyg nDvmcHuw
kd ufa&mufvm=uol ppfAv
kd x
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S f
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d =f uygw,f? 'ga=umifh jrefrmhq&kd ,
S v
f pfvrf;pOfqw
kd m/ acgi;f
udik t
f jzpf ppftm%m&Si}f uD; Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u OD;pD;um/ Zmwdtjzpf ppfwyftwGi;f rSm tajcwnf
arG;zGm;vmcJh&wJh ppfADZaoG;ygcJh+yD;om;/ vrf;pOfoabmw&m; w&yfjzpfw,fvdk@ qdk&ygvdrfhr,f?
'Dvrf;pOfoabmw&m;}uD;udk ,H=k unfygw,fv@kd pwifvufrw
S af &;xd;k armfueG ;f wifc=hJ uwJh ppfwyf
xdyfoD; wyfr;}uD;awGuawmh yxrqHk;aom jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf}uD;&J Oyoum}uD;rsm;jzpf
w,fvdk@ owfrSwf&ygvdrfhr,f? 'Dvdkenf;tm;jzifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tvdkus AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u
OD;pD;um ppfwyftwGif;uae pwifxGufay:vmcJh+yD;/ ppfwyfxdyfoD; wyfr;}uD;rsm;u yxrqHk;
vufco
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k m}uD;[m
Armjynfordkif;rSm ay:xGef;jzpfwnfvmygawmhw,f?
arv (7) &ufae@rSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpDOuU AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m tzGJtpnf;}uD;
(3) cku Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmif}uD;awGe@J xyfraH wGqHu
k m awmfveS af &;aumifp&D J 0g'oabmxm;jzpf
w,fqdkwJh jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfqdkwmudk tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;ajymjywmvkyfygw,f? tJ'D0g'
oabmxm;tay:rSm t}uHy a0zefcsufay;=uzdk@vnf; ajymqdkw,fqdkygw,f?
arv (17) &ufae@ wwd,t}udrfajrmuf awGqHkaqG;aEG;=uwJhtcgrSmawmh EdkifiHa&;ygwD
awGu rwluGJjym;wJh oabmxm;tjrifawGudk xkwfazmfwifjycJh=uw,fqdkygw,f? yrnw }uD;u
EdkifiHa&;ygwD wygwDjzpfa&;udk t&ifrvkyfbJ wyfaygif;pkomt&ifzGJoifha=umif;/ yrnw wGif;&Sd
ygwaD wGtcsi;f csi;f awmif tuGu
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wygww
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qd&k ,
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ua&pDa&G;aumufyGJ}uD; usif;yay;zdk@udkom wifjycJhw,fqdkygw,f? yxp acgif;aqmifawGuawmh
jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm yxp u yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSmjzpfa=umif;vdk@
&Sif;vif;wifjycJhw,fqdkygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m ac:,laqG;aEG;+yD; wifjycsufawGudk em;axmif=unfhjcif;omjzpfyg
w,f? tm%mudkqkyfudkif+yD; &&Sdxm;+yD; jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfoabmxm;qdkwmudk touf
oGi;f um/ jrefrmhq&kd ,
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f ed ;f csKyftyk pf ;kd oGm;zd@k
313
0if;wihfxGef;
qH;k jzwf+y;D +yjD zpfygw,f? (62) ck/ rwfv (2) &uf tm%modr;f ,ljcif;[m (58) ckEpS f tm%modr;f ,ljcif;
vdk tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vkyfay;zdk@r[kwfyg? tm%mudk t+yD;tydkifodrf;cJhwmjzpf+yD; ppfwyfOD;aqmifr_eJ@
a&&Snftkyfpdk;oGm;zdk@ &nf&G,f+yD;om;jzpfygw,f? (58) ckESpf tm%modrf;+yD; ppfwyfu tkyfcsKyfvmcJh
r_[m ppfwyftaeeJ@ vufawGtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm avhusifhcef;,lcJhwJhoabm/ vufawGuGif;qif;
avhusifh=unfhcJhwJhoabm/ 0wfpHkjynfh Zmwfwdkuf=unfhvdkufwJhoabmomjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh
(58) ckESpf tm%modrf; tkyfcsKyf=unfhvmr_ESifh 0wfpHkjynfh Zmwfwdkuft+yD; (2) ESpftwGif;rSm (62)
ckESpf tm%modrf;yGJ}uD;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifwJh ppfwyfu t+yD;tydkif qifE$JcJhwmjzpfyg
w,f? ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;ZmwfcHkay:rSm udk,fucsifwJhZmwf!ef;twdkif;/ ujyzdk@ wufvmcJhwmjzpfyg
w,f? wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;w,fqw
kd m ud,
k u
f csiw
f ZhJ mwf!e ;f twdik ;f ud,
k af e&mcsxm;ay;wJah e&muae
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udkrS rif;om;}uD;tcef;ujzpfjzpf/ t"duZmwfaqmif tcef;ujzpfjzpf yg0ifujyEdkifcGifh/ cGifhyvdrfhr,f
r[kwfyg?
1962 ck/ Zlvdkif (4) &ufae@rSm jrefrmqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD xGufay:vmygw,f? ppfwyf
xdyo
f ;D }u;D rsm;ESihf pwifzJG pnf;vdu
k +f y;D wyfwiG ;f tiftm;pktrmcHrsm;ESihf tajcyum trawygwD
tjzpf ay:aygufvmwmjzpfygw,f? jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk ouf0if,Hk=unfolwdkif; yg0ifEdkif
w,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
ygwD&J zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'rSmvnf; ordkif;. xl;jcm;aom tajctaersm;udk
ta=umif;yI zGJ pnf;jzpfay:vm&aom awmfveS af &;aumifpo
D nf tESpo
f m&tm;jzifh awmfveS af &;
vuQ%mudk aqmifvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; toGiftm;jzifh ppfaumifpDuJhodk@jzpfaeayonf? Todk@jzpfae
&jcif;udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf rvdkvm;acs/ jzpfoifhjzpfxdkufaom oabmvrf;pOft&qdkv#if
awmfveS af &;}u;D w&yfukd awmfveS af &;oabmvuQ%maqmifaom Edik if aH &;ygw}D u;D w&yfuomv#if
OD;aqmiftyfonf[k ,kH}unfayonf vdk@ ed'gef;csD &ifhusL;xm;ygw,f? qdkvdkwmu jrefrmqdk&S,f
vpfvrf;pOfygwu
D kd awmfveS w
f yhJ gw}D u;D w&yf/ awmfveS af &;ygw}D u;D w&yftoGif yHak qmif uifyeG ;f wyf
r*Fvm,lvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? wu,fhjzpfwnfay:aygufvm&wJh yuwdtajcaeawGeJ@uawmh
jy'g;wvrf; oHwvrf;vdkjzpfaeygw,f? vufawGay:aygufvm&wmu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; apcdkif;
trde@f ay;csut
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kd x
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wynf0h wfig;yg;/ vif0h wfig;yg;/ r,m;0wfig;yg; tp&Sw
d u
hJ si0hf wfawG/ teaE mW teE iW g;yg;udk dak o&
r,fqw
kd hJ oif=um;r_awG[m arS;rSed v
f mvd@k b?J 'Dtwdik ;f xm;&if arS;rSed f rkH [kw/f aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;rSm
awmifp;kd &dr&f ygw,f? tckrsuaf rSmufacwfrmS rday:u u|eaf wmfw@kd tygt0if rdbrsm;&J om;orD;
rsm;[m &Sifawmfa*gwrqdk&ifrodbl;? cdkufqdk&ifodw,f/ taemf&xmqdk&ifrodbl;? uif;bkwdk@
uif;t,fz&ufwdk@ eydkvD,Hwdk@qdk&if odw,f? 'Davmuftxd csKd,Gif;aeygw,f vdk@ajymqdkjrnf
wrf;oGm;ygw,f?
Adv
k w
f ikd u
f awmh r,m;}uD; a':wifwifukd ypf+yD; a':cifaroef;udk ,lxm;
wJh=um;uae ajymaewm/ ausmif;om;awG &meJ@csDowfxm;wJh=um;uae dkif;yif;ulnD&r,fvdk@
ajymaewmjzpfcJhygw,f? 'Dvdk a&SaemufrnD ajymqdkaejcif;rsKd;jzpfaewmawmif AdkvfcsKyfae0if; &J
qd&k ,
S v
f pfavmuopf wnfaqmufa&;tay: ar#mv
f ifch sux
f m;olawGuawmh/ taumif;jrifae=u
qJjzpfygw,f? (7) Zlvdkif owfjzwfyGJ}uD;t+yD;/ 'Dta&;awmfyHk}uD;tay: b,fvdkoabmxm;=urvJ
aqG;aEG;=uawmh/ yrnw xJrSm rwlwJhtjrifawG ododomom ay:aygufcJhygw,f? 0d"l&ocif
cspfarmif u 'g qdk&S,fvpfoaE<om; om;avsmatmifvkyfwJhvkyf&yf vkd@ajymqdkwJhtwGuf
yrnw xJ&Sd jynfolwdk;wufa&;ygwD twGif;a&;r; OD;cifarmifjrifh u 'grSwfwrf;wifxm;yg uef@
uGufw,fvdk@ ajymqdkcJhygw,f? tJ'DawmhrS ocifcspfarmifu oabmajymwmyg vdk@ jyefjyifajym
326
0if;wihfxGef;
wJhtwGuf/ oabmajymwmqdk&ifvnf; oabmajymwmudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;yg vdk@ ajymqdkuef@

uGufcJh+yD; ta&;awmfyHk}uD;bufu &yfwnfoGm;cJhygw,f? (7) Zlvdkif ta&;awmfyHk aoG;ajruscJhr_
tay:rSmudk oabmxm;tjrifawG uGJjym;jcm;em;cJh=uygw,f? qdk&S,fvpfa&; rufvHk;udk ,Hk=unfcJh
=uolawGuawmh/ remEdik jf zpfc=hJ u+yD;/ taumif;jrifuykd J qufvufpu
kd x
f al e=uwJt
h wGuf Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;
ae0if; tzd@k qd&k ,
S v
f pfqikd ;f bkwaf tmufrmS vkycf siw
f mvkycf iG hf tumtuG,&f aeovdjk zpfcyhJ gw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; [m ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufceH @J tm%mudk jynfjh ynf0h 0 udik w
f ,
G Ef ikd +f yD;wJt
h cg
ol&J ppfwyftkyfpdk;r_udk jyif;jyif;xefxef qef@usifuef@uGufcJhuswJh/ tcsdefra&G;vnf; xyfrHv_yf&Sm;r_
awG ay:ayguv
f m+yD; ppftpd;k &tkypf ;kd r_ukd qef@usiu
f ef@uu
G f xd;k ESuw
f u
kd cf u
kd af e=ur,fh ausmif;om;
xk tiftm;pk}uD;tay: &uf&ufpufpuf ESdyfuGyfOD;csKd;ypfvdkuf+yD;wJhaemuf oleJ@ oabmxm;tjrif
uGJvGJolawGudkvnf; oludk cGm&mwdkif;rvmEdkifcif apmapmpD;pD; OD;csKd;xm;zdk@ jywfjywfom;om; jyif
qifygw,f? tjyiftiftm;pkawGxu
J vuf00J g'wdr;f !Gwo
f al wGukd qd&k ,
S v
f pfteH@e@J rufv;kH ay;+yD;
+idrfaq;au|;/ +idrfEdkifzG,f&mr&Sdvdk@ ,lqxm;wJhausmif;omawGudkawmh taoypfowf+yD; ESdrfeif;/
acsmhjrLwJhenf;/ ESdyfuGyfwJhenf; ESpfenf;pvHk;udkokH;+yD; ajz&Sif;+yD;wJhtcg/ ppftpdk;&twGif;ydkif;u
tE W&m,fjzpfvmEdkifwmawGudkvnf; }uD;xGm;cGifhray;bJ udkifwG,fajz&Sif;cJhygw,f? 'guawmh ppf
wyfrSm 'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfvnf;jzpf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrSm eHygwfESpfyk*~dKvfvnf;jzpfwJh
Adkvfr;csKyf atmif}uD;udk 63 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (7) &ufae@rSm &mxl;u z,fcsvdkufjcif;yJjzpfygw,f?
aemuf rcsrf;abmtxd ydk@ypfxm;vdkufygw,f? bmta=umif;a=umifhqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
ta=umif;jycJjh cif;r&Syd g? (*syefppfavsmaf =u;udpaP =umifv
h v
kd /kd pD;yGm;a&;ay:vpDqikd &f m vkycf siu
f ikd cf sif
usifhoHk;csifwJh tjrifoabmxm; rwlnDwma=umifhvdkvdk toHxGufcJhygw,f) 'kwd,umuG,fa&;
OD;pD;csKyfjzpfwJh Adkvfatmif}uD; [m AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; &J wuJh taE W0godumtppfjzpfygw,f?
zufqpfawmfveS af &;rwdik cf ifavmufuwnf;u wyfwiG ;f &Sd qd&k ,
S v
f pfppfAv
kd t
f pkukd acgi;f aqmifz@kd
Adv
k af e0if; udk q&mtjzpf arG;cJo
h al wGxrJ mS Adv
k af tmif}uD;[m t"duyk*Kd~ vfwOD;jzpfygw,f? zufppf
awmfvSefa&;+yD;cgeD;rSmvnf; &efukefrSmr&SdwJh Adkvfae0if;udk &efukefodrf;acgif;aqmif}uD;jzpfatmif/
}uHzef&u
G af qmif od'x
d< yfay;cJo[
l m Adv
k af tmif}uD; yJjzpfygw,f? Adv
k af tmif}uD;[m wavsmufv;kH
Adkvfae0if; bufucsnf; &yfwnfcJhum 58 ckESpf tm%moGm;awmif;+yD; tm%m&vmawmhvnf;
Adv
k af e0if; udb
k J dk akd oao oGm;tyf+yD; usKd ;usK;d EGEH HG xrf;aqmifcyhJ gw,f? wjcm;olawGtay:rSmom
cyfxefxef cyfwif;wif;vkyfcJhayrJh/ Adkvfae0if;tay:rSmawmh wavsmufvHk; tudk}uD; tudk}uD;
ac:cJholjzpfygw,f? tm%modrf;+yD;wJhtcgrSmvnf; Adkvfae0if;ajymcsif&m vkyfcsif&mawGtwGuf
Adkvfae0if;bufuae bufaygif;pHk ajymqdkumuG,fay;&oljzpfcJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;
uawmh ol&J tm%myviftwGufqdk&if b,foludkrSrxm;bJ/ vufOD;r_,l z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufzdk
oGufoGuf}uD; 0efrav;wrf; aqmif&GufusifhoHk;cJhygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tm%modrf;wuf
vm+yD; wESpfrjynfhrSDtwGif; Adkvfr;csKyfatmif}uD; udk z,f&Sm;vdkufygw,f? 'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;
csKyf (av) Adkvfr;csKyf wDuvpf vnf; t+idrf;pm;jzpfoGm;ygw,f? 'kwd,umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf (a&)
Adv
k rf ; csKyfoef;azuawmh aoqH;k oGm;ygw,f? Adv
k rf ; csKyfatmif}uD; z,f&mS ;cH&+yD; r=umrD/ azazmf0g&D
(12) &ufae@ jynfaxmifpak e@ukd (vGKd ifaumf) rdrSmusi;f y+yD;/ Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; wufa&mufred @f ceG ;f
327
0if;wihfxGef;
rGuf=um;cJhygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu tm%modrf;&wm[m jynfaxmifpk}uD;yduGJrSmjrifwJh

twGuf odrf;&wmvdk@ xyfrHajz&Sif;+yD;/ jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfeJ@tnD jynfaxmifpkom;tm;vHk;
pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_udk wnfaqmufoGm;=uzdk@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDeJ@ vufwGJaqmif&GufoGm;=uzdk@
rGu=f um;ajymqdo
k mG ;ygw,f? ajymqdo
k mG ;yHu
k awmh yifvt
Hk pnf;ta0;rSm jynfaxmifpk pnf;H;k nD
!Gwrf u
_ kd pwifrsK;d aphcsc=hJ uygw,f? tJ'rD sKd ;aphav; twufayguf tanmufjyLptcsed rf mS Adv
k cf sKyfw@kd
usq;kH cJ&h ygw,f? 'Daemufyikd ;f rSm qufqaH &;nHrh a_ vmif;&dy/f qufqaH &;nHrr_ S ayguzf mG ;vmwJh txif
tjrifvGJr_avmif;&dyf/ 'Dtjyif jynfaxmifpktm;enf;a&; ydysufa&;udk rem;raeaqmif&GufaewJh
twGi;f tjyif tiftm;pkw@kd &J tcGi&hf wdik ;f / tcGirhf &&ifvnf; &atmif}uHzef+yD; a&aEG;azsmr_w@kd a=umifh
tanmifhtwufxGufp jynfaxmifpkpnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&; opfyifav;[m vGefcJhwJhESpf azazmf0g&Dv
twGif;u vHk;vHk; ZD0defcsKyf&awmhrvdkjzpfcJh&ygw,f? 'Dpnf;vkH;r_tyifuav; ZD0defcsKyf&if jynf
axmifpv
k nf; vH;k 0 yduyJG supf ;D awmhrmS jzpfwt
hJ wGuf awmfveS af &;udq
k ifE+J$ yD;/ awmfveS af &;aumifpD
u tajctaeudk 0ifxdef;cJh&jcif;jzpfygw,f? jynfaxmifpkpnf;vkH;nD!Gwfr_udk a=unm+yD;jzpfwJh
jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfeJ@tnD wjynfvHk; nDr#aom pD;yGm;a&;/ usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ vlr_quf
qHa&;/ ,Ofaus;r_w@kd jzihf wnfaqmuf&mrSm jynfaxmifpo
k m;tm;vH;k wd@k u awmfveS af &;aumifpeD @J
twl vufwGJ+yD;aqmuf&Guf=uygvdk wdkufwGef;&if; ed*kH;csKyfvdkufygw,f? vdk@jzpfygw,f? yduGJp&m
bmrS tajctaer&SdwJhtaetxm;udk yduGJp&mjrifvdk@ vdk@ ajym+yD; tm%modrf;cJhwm[m b,folrS
vufrcHEikd w
f hJ vdrn
f mcsuo
f mjzpfcyhJ gw,f? 'Dvrd n
f mcsuu
f ykd J qufvufwcH eG x
f &l if;/ wdik ;f &if;om;
pnf;H;k nD!w
G rf _ ydysucf &hJ wmudk ta=umif;&if;&Smjyawmhvnf; jynfaxmifpk yduaJG tmifvyk af e=uwJh
twGif;tjyiftiftm;pkawGa=umifhvdk@ vuf!dk;xdk;+yD; w&m;cH&Smjyygw,f? tkyfpdk;vmcJhwJh tpdk;&
tqufquf&J azmufjyefqdk;0g;r_awGudkawmh 0efcHajymqdkcJhjcif;rvkyfyg? oludk,fwdkif tkyfpdk;olawG
txJ yg0ifcJhwJhtwGuf wrif0g;wm;wm;vkyf+yD; ajymqdkcJhygw,f? qufqHa&;nhHr_avmif;&dyf/ tJ'D
tay:u ay:aygufvmwJh txiftjrifvGJr_avmif;&dyfvdk@ }uHzefvSD;v$Jajymqdk&if; udk,ftjypfudk
olrsm;ay:yHkzdk@yJ tm;xkwfajymqdkcJhygw,f? wu,fuawmh tkyfpdk;oltqufquf&J azmufjyefwm
0efrJhr_eJ@ ppfwyf&J &uf&ufpufpuf ESdyfuGyfcJhr_ rawmfrw&m; tEdkifusifhyrlcJhr_ azmufjyefwJh Armvl
rsKd;}uD;0g' usifhoHk;cJhr_awGa=umifh pnf;Hk;nD!Gwfr_ yduGJcJh&wmjzpfygw,f? wkyfjzLusL;ausmfr_
ESrd Ef iS ;f a&;/ aomif;use;f olErdS Ef iS ;f a&; qdw
k mawGukd ta=umif;y+yD; jynfe,fa'oawG vlrsK;d pkawG=um;
a&muf&o
dS mG ;cJ=h uwJh ppfwyftoD;oD;[m a&muf&&dS ma'owdik ;f rSm Adv
k u
f sc=hJ u rawmfrw&m; vkycf hJ
=uygw,f? vlrsKd;pkawGtay: &rf;um;&ufpufcJh=uygw,f? 'ga=umifh tpuwnf;u ul;vl;quf
qHr_enf;yg;aecJh&vdk@ taepdrf;+yD; nDaemifom;csif;csif;jzpfygvsuf tjyeftvSef em;vnfcspfcifr_
a0;aecJh&wJhtajctae=um;xJrSm ArmvlrsKd;}uD; qef@usifa&;pdwf"mwf/ Armrkef;wD;a&; pdwf"mwf
tjrpfw,
G f eufid_ ;f vmcJ&h +yD; wdik ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G rf a_ wGvnf; tawmrowfEikd f yduyJG suf
pD;cJh&wmjzpfygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh ppfwyf&J usL;vGefr_awGudk azsmufuG,fypf+yD; ,kwWdrJh ajymqdkr_
awGudk ajymqdkaewmomjzpfcJhygw,f? ppfwyf&J trSm;awGudk 0efcHajymqdkr,fqdk&if t"duwm0ef&Sd
ol[m umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfjzpfwJh oludk,fwdkifyJjzpfavawm/h udk,hfudkudk,f umuG,fajymqdkaejcif;
omjzpfcJhygw,f?
328
0if;wihfxGef;
ppfwyfu tm%mvdck siv

f @kd vufeuftm;ud;k tm%modr;f cJw
h mudk w&m;oa,mif rSeo
f
a,mif wdkif;jynf}uD;udk tE W&m,ftwGif;u u,fwifcJhoa,mif ,kwWdrJh ajymvHk;awGajymqdk&if;/
wvdrfESpfvdrfjzpfatmif ud;yrf;tm;xkwfaeovdkomjzpfcJhygw,f? 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)
&ufae@rSm qdk&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepf wnfaqmufzdk@qdk+yD; aemufxyf vSrf;vdkufwhJajcvSrf;uawmh/
b%fawGukd Edik if yH ikd o
f rd ;f vdu
k jf cif;jzpfygw,f? Edik if jH cm;b%f (22) cktygt0if b%fvyk if ef; (31)ckukd
EdkifiHydkifodrf;,lvdkufygw,f? {+yDv (1) &ufae@rSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&J vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh
trdef@ xkwfjyefa=unmygw,f? w&m;Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf vdk@azmfjyxm;wJh
vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@[m tydk'f (6) ydk'f&Sdygw,f? 'Dtrdef@rxkwfjyefcifutxd usL;vGefcJhwJh
&mZ0wfjypfra_ wGukd xdcu
kd ef pfemcJ&h olu,
kd w
f ikd u
f wdik =f um;cJw
h /hJ vlowfr/_ rk'rd ;f r_/ yk*v
~ u
d ydik yf pPn;f
qH;k _;H epfemcJ&h r_awGuvG+J y;D / vk;H 0vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGihf yvdu
k yf gw,f? jypf'%fp&D ifxm;jcif;cH&&ifvnf;
axmif'%f (10) ESpfxufrydk&vdk@ avsmhayghowfrSwfay;vdkuf+yD;/ wjcm; &mZ0wfjypfr_awGtwGuf
axmif'%f (3) ESpx
f ufryd&k vd@k owfrw
S af y;vdu
k yf gw,f? vufeufpu
JG ikd w
f u
kd cf u
kd af e=uwJh aomif;
usef;olawGtm;vHk;udkvnf; Oya'abmiftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmr,fqdk&if vHk;0vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh
&r,fvdk@ azmfjy+yD; 'Dtrdef@aemufydkif; usL;vGefwJh jypfr_awGtwGuf vGwf+idrf;cGifhryvdk@ qdkygw,f?
tpd;k & tr_xrf;t&mxrf;rsm;twGuv
f nf; 'Dtrde@f ra=unmcifumvu jzpfymG ;cJ=h uwJh Xmeqdik &f m
tr_tcif;awGtwGuf vH;k 0vGw+f idr;f cGihf yvdu
k w
f ,fv@kd qykd gw,f? t"dutm;jzifah wmh vufeufuikd f
ykefuefwdkufcdkufae=uwJh vufeufudkiftzGJtpnf;awG Oya'abmiftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmapa&;eJ@
'Dtrdef@a=unmcsuf rxkwfjyefcifu usL;vGefcJh=uwJh jypfr_awGtwGuf vGwf+idrf;cGifhyvdkufwm/
vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh trdef@tusKd;udk cHpm;cGifhyvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? 'DvdkvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@
xkwfjyefvdkufwmudk twdwfu qdk;oGrf;rSm;,Gif;cJhwmawGudk arhaysmufcGifhvGwf=u+yD;/ tem*gwfrSm
pdwfopfvlopfeJ@ twlyl;aygif;um EdkifiHawmfopfxlaxmif=uzdk@vdk@vnf; r*Fvm,lajymqdkcJhygw,f?
{+yDv (5) &ufae@rmS Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; [m &efuek Af [dt
k usO;f axmifxo
J mG ;a&muf+yD; tusO;f om;
awGe@J awGygw,f? b0opfxal xmifz@kd tpd;k &u ulnrD ,f? tusO;f om;rsm;uvnf; aumif;aumif;
rGefrGefaexdkif=u+yD;/ aemif b,fawmhrS axmifxJjyefrvm&atmif ae=uyg xdkif=uygvdk@ =o0g'ay;
vdu
k yf gw,f? vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGit
hf rde@f t& tusO;f om;aygi;f (12000) ausmaf xmifxu
J vGwcf =hJ u
&ygw,f? vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@a=umifh awmwGif;vufeufudkif tiftm;pkrsm;twGif;u
vufeufcsr_awGvnf; &SdcJhygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu ppfacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfwJh Adkvf&JxGf
[m arv (21) &ufae@rmS vufeufcsomG ;ygw,f? ppfacgi;f aqmifawGjzpfwhJ Adv
k pf ed w
f if/ Adv
k &f aJ rmif
wdk@vnf; vufeufcsoGm;ygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD jrpfzsm;a'owdkif; ppfwm0efcH Adkvfom
u'dk; vnf; vufeufcsoGm;ygw,f? autif'Dtdkbufuvnf; ppfa&;csKyf apmausmf+idrf;/ Adkvfr;csKyf
apmarmifcspf/ aumfolav; EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; apmouf0g; wdk@ vufeufcsoGm;ygw,f?
329
0if;wihfxGef;
awmf v S e f a &;aumif p D a cwf yxrES p f t wG i f ;

ArmEd k i f i H t ajctaetusOf ; csKyf
awmfveS af &;aumifp[
D m tjrifq
h ;kH tm%mydik t
f zGJ tpnf;jzpfygw,f? Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;[m
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&J OuUjzpfHkru tm%m (3) &yfvkH;udkydkifqdkifwJh (a=unmcsuftrSwf 10
eJ@ tyfESif;xm;w,fqdkwJh) ppftm%m&Sif}uD;jzpfygw,f? ygvDrefESpf&yfpvHk; wckrSr&Sdawmh+yDjzpfwJh
twGuf vdktyfwJh trdef@a=unmcsufrSefor# awmfvSefa&;aumifpD a=unmcsuf 'grSr[kwf awmf
vSeaf &;aumifpOD uUH;k trde@f a=unmcsuq
f w
kd meJ@ xkwjf yefa=unmpcef;oGm;cJyh gw,f? Oya'uJo@kd
tm%mwnfap&rnfqdkwJh E_wfcygwfacgif;pnf;eJ@ trdef@awGudk csrSwfjymef;ygw,f? tm%modrf;
+yD;+yD;jcif; qd&k ,
S v
f pfvrf;a=umif;twdik ;f csw
D ufr,fv@kd auG;a=umfygw,f? acwfajymif;awmfveS af &;
}uD; qifErJ$ ,fv@kd vnf; azmfusL;ygw,f? wdik ;f jynf}uD; yduEJG ikd w
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wyfrawmfwdk@&J udk,fpm;vS,fawGtjzpf/ p0faq;pdkif/ p0faqxif/ p0foD[ eJ@ p0f0rf;[kHwdk@ (4) OD;
xyf+yD;a&mufvmygw,f? =o*kwf (25) rSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; udk,fwdkif awGqkH+yD;/ aqG;aEG;yGJ usif;y
ygw,f? tJ'DaqG;aEG;yGJrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzufu Adkvfr;}uD; apmjrifh/ Adkvfr;}uD;vS[ef/ Adkvfr;
}uD;aomif;'ef/ 'kAdkvfr;}uD;cspfcif eJ@ ocifwifjr wdk@yg0ifygw,f? aemufydkif; qufvufaqG;aEG;=u
ygw,f?
&Srf;tzGJrsm;u olwdk@[m qD;wdk;tzGJeJ@ rywfoufa=umif;/ tultnDvnf; r,la=umif;/
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; azmfjyajymqdk=uovdk/ pufwifbm (1) &ufrSm p0fqdkif;yef/ p0faqxif/ cGeftkH;acgif/
p0f[kef wdk@u owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJvnf; vkyfygw,f? &Srf;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJu t"dutcsuf (3)
csuf wifjycJhygw,f? tJ'gawGuawmh(1) &Sr;f jynfvx
l o
k nf bma&;/ Edik if aH &;/ tkycf sKyfa&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ paomjy\emrsm;udk
vGwv
f yfpmG a&G;cs,v
f yk af qmifciG &hf &dS rnf// A[dt
k pd;k &u pGuzf ufjcif;ry&ef? jynfru
tusdK;wlvkyfief;rsm; rvkyfv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ vlxku vdkvm;v#ifaomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfaxmifpkrS cGJxGufcGifhy&rnf?
(2) vlenf;pk. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk todtrSwfy&rnf?
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktajccHrludk usifhokH;&rnf? vlrsdK;a&;nDr#r_oabmw&m; jynf
e,fwdkif; tqifhtwef;nDr#r_oabmw&m;/ A[dktm%mrSty useftm%mrsm;udk
jynfe,frsm;odk@ ay;tyf&rnf[laom oabmw&m;t& usifhokH;&rnf? - qdkwmawG
yJjzpfygw,f?
=o*kwfv (28) &ufae@rSm a&muf&Sdvmwmuawmh/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD jzpfygw,f?
y%mrud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGJ jzpfygw,f? A[dak umfrw
D t
D wGi;f a&;r; &JabmfaX; acgi;f aqmif+y;D / Adv
k af Z,s/
Adv
k yf /k Adv
k pf ;kd armif/ &Jabmfatmif}uD;/ &Jabmfoufwif wd@k yg0ifygw,f? k;H tzGJ 0iftjzpf &Jabmfcif}uD;
342
0if;wihfxGef;
eJ@ &Jabmfrif;atmif yg0ifygw,f?

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OuU ocifoef;xGef; &J q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfrd_if;xHay;pm eJ@
Adkvfae0if; xHay;pmudkyg o,faqmifvm=uygw,f?
=o*kwfv (31) &ufae@rSm &JabmfaX; acgif;aqmifwJh y%mrudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ[m
q&m}uD;rd_if;tdrf oGm;a&muf=u+yD; vuftkyfcsD uefawmh=uygw,f? ocifoef;xGef; &J ay;pmudk
&JabmfaX; u zwfjy+yD;/ ocifoef;xGef;&J rSm=um;csuft& q&m}uD;&J =o0g'udkcH,lzdk@ yef=um;yg
w,f? q&m}uD;u qufud;pm;=uyg +idrf;csrf;a&;&Edkifygw,f vdk@ajym=um;ovdk/ a&$wd*kHbk&m;}uD;
udk zl;oGm;=uzdk@vnf; rSm=um;ygw,f? wdkif;a&; jynfa&;qdkwm Oykofapmifhwmvdk r[kwfvdk@vnf;
owday;qk;H rygw,f? &JabmfaX; u jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;twGuf u|eaf wmfwkd zh ufu ruse&f atmif
jzpfEdkifor# aqmif&Gufyghr,fvdk@vnf; uwday;oGm;ygw,f?
pufwifbm (2) &ufae@rmS toHvi$ hf cHk ef;rrSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt
D zGJ &J owif;pm&Si;f
vif;yGu
J si;f yygw,f? &JabmfaX; u OD;aqmifaqG;aEG; &Si;f vif;ygw,f? y%mrud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGJ [m
jynfolvlxk}uD; vdkvm;awmifhwaewJh jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;udpPrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm
udwifjyifqif vrf;cif;ay;&r,fh y%mrtzGJomjzpfwJhta=umif;eJ@ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ[m (1) aqG;aEG;yGJtwGuf tajccHawG ESpfOD;ESpfzuf ndEd_if;csrSwfzdk@/
(2) wzufeJ@ wzuf r&Sif;vif;wmawG &Sif;vif;zdk@/
(3) aqG;aEG;yGJtwGuf aumif;jrwfwJh &moDOwkzefwD;a&;twGuf jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;
oabmwlnDcsuf r&ao;rSDrSmyif ppf&yfpJxm;wJh +idrf;csrf;a&;tudumvwck ESpfzuf
oabmwl zefwD;zdk@/
qdkwJh tcsuf (3) csufudk &Sif;vif;wifjy+yD;/ owif;pmq&mawG&J ar;cGef;awGudkvnf;
jyefvnfajz=um;wmvkyfygw,f?
pufwifbm (2) &uf nae (5) em&DrSmawmh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD y%mrudk,fpm;vS,f
tzGJeJ@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJwdk@ y%mrjyifqifa&; aqG;aEG;yGJpwifygw,f? Arm
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDzufu udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJacgif;aqmif[m &JabmfaX; jzpfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDzufu tzGJacgif;aqmifu Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh jzpfygw,f?
&JabmfaX; u y%mrudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ&J wifjycsufpmwrf;udk zwf=um;wifoGif;ygw,f?
rsuEf mS pkn
H D awGqkaH qG;aEG;yGjJ zpfajrmuf&ef tqifajyaom tajctaersm; zefw;D a&;twGuf avm
avmq,f aqG;aEG;ndEd_if; oabmwlnDcsuf&,l&efudpPrsm; qdkwmudk tav;xm; azmfjywifoGif;
oGm;ygw,f? aqG;aEG;ndEd_if;oabmwlnDcsuf&,lzdk@ udpP}uD; (9) ck&Sdw,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
tJ'gawGuawmh (u) ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrDwDtpnf;ta0; usif;yEdkif&ef vdktyfaom tul
tnD ay;a&;udpP//
(c) ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD yg0ifaewJh r'nw tpnf;ta0;xdkifEdkifa&;udpP?
(*) twdkuftcdkuf&yfpJa&;/ +idrf;csrf;a&;tudumv zefwD;a&;udpP?
(C) tcsdKaom wyfpcef;rsm; a&$ajymif;ay;a&;udpP?
343
0if;wihfxGef;
(i) vdktyfaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udp?P

(p) &Sif;vif;ajz=um;ay:&ef tcsufw&yfudpP?
(q) oabmrwlao;aom udpPrsm;tay: oabmxm;&efudpP?
(Z) e,fcsJorm;eJ@ jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;tE W&m,f umuG,fa&;udpP?
(n) y%mrtpnf;ta0;wGif vkyfoifhaomudpP?
qdw
k mawG jzpfygw,f? udpw
P ckcsi;f udk &Si;f vif;zGiq
hf kd wifoiG ;f zwf=um;oGm;cJyh gw,f? awGqkH
aqG;aEG;yGJ jzpfajrmufEikd af &;twGuf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD zufu 'Dvjkd rifw,f/ 'Dvjkd zpfapcsiw
f ,f
vd@k tqdk ywifjyvdu
k w
f mjzpfygw,f? awmfveS af &;aumifpzD ufu vufcEH ikd f vufrcHEikd /f aqmif&u
G f
ay;Edkif aqmif&Gufray;EdkifawGudk w&m;0ifar;jref;vdkufwJhoabmjzpfygw,f?
(1) ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; xdef;odrf;a&;jy\em/ Armjynfonf e,fcsJorm;wdk@. usL;
ausmaf &;*d%
k ;f xJ ryg0ify/J trsKd ;om;vGwv
f yfa&;ESihf +idr;f csr;f pGmtwlaea&;ay:vpDukd
jywfom;pGmusifhokH;&ef/
(2) Armjynf. tkycf sKyfa&;pepf 'Dru
kd a&pDusa&;udk tmrcH&ef/ wjynfv;Hk 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGihf
ta&;rsm;ay;&ef tmrcH&ef/ yk'frtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh tzrf;cHae&aom uGefjrLepfygwD0ifrsm;
ESifh tjcm; wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;tm; v$wfay;&ef/
(3) ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwED iS w
hf uG 'Dru
kd a&pDygwrD sm; vlxt
k zGJ tpnf;rsm;. Oya'wGi;f
wnf&SdcGifhESifh vkyfudkifcGifhudk tmrcH&ef/
(4) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tay: vufeufuikd w
f u
kd cf u
kd jf cif;udk &yfpI
J w&m;ojzifh &oifh
&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk 'Drdkua&pDusus ajz&Sif;ay;&ef/
(5) avmavmq,f vkyfay;&efvdktyfaom tjcm;jy\emrsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&ef/
qdw
k hJ avmavmq,f Edik if aH &;jy\em}uD; (5) ckukd aqG;aEG;yG&J J aqG;aEG;&r,fh tajccHtjzpf
t=urf;zsif; owfrSwfoGm;zdk@udkvnf; wifjyvrf;a=umif;oGm;cJhygw,f?
pufwifbm (7) &ufae@rmS aZmf'ef OD;pD;acgi;f aqmifwhJ ucsiv
f w
G v
f yfa&;aumifpD (autdik pf )D
udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ[m awmfvSefa&;aumifpDeJ@ awGqkHwmvkyfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD
udk,fpm; taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkif;r;u vufcHawGqkHaqG;aEG;wm vkyfygw,f?
autdkifat (autdkifpD) udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ&J wifjyawmif;qdk aqG;aEG;csufuawmh (1) jynfaxmifpt
k wGi;f vlrsKd ;toD;oD;tm; vGwv
f yfciG Ehf iS hf ud,
hf kd ay;tyf
&ef/ rdrdwdk@ vlrsdK;rsm;&J oabmt& cGJxGufvdkolrsm;udk cGJxGufcGifhay;&ef/
(2) ucsifjynfe,fESifhywfouf+yD;/ ucsifjynfoljynfom;rsm;. vufeufudkifawmfvSefae
jcif;. t"du&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkifjzpfonfh vGwfvyfaom tcsKyftcsmtm%mydkif
oD;jcm;jynfe,fxlaxmifcGifhudk ay;&ef/
(3) jynfaxmifpt
k wGi;f rS ucsijf ynfe,fcx
JG u
G o
f mG ;onfah e@rpS +yD; ucsijf ynfe,fEiS hf Arm
jynfonf xm0&+idrf;csrf;a&;rl (5) csufudk tajccHxm;+yD; qufqHa&;udk oabmwl
vufrSwfa&;xdk;=u&ef/
vdk@qdkygw,f? typftcwf&yfpJa&;jy\emrsm;udkvnf; tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;cJh=uw,f
qdkygw,f?
344
0if;wihfxGef;
pufwifbm (8) &ufae@rSm &efukefrd tif;,m;vrf;{nfha*[mrSmyJ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD

udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJeJ@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJwdk@ 'kwd,ajrmuf y%mrjyifqif
a&;aqG;aEG;yGu
J kd qufvufusi;f yygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh yxrqk;H t}udrf aqG;aEG;yGw
J ek ;f u Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJu wifjyxm;cJhwJh wifjycsufawGtay: awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzuf
u wcsufcsif; jyefvnfjyef=um;csufay;wJhoabmjzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrDwD tpnf;ta0;usif;yEdkifa&;udk oabmwla=umif;/
vkdtyfwJh tultnDay;rSmjzpfa=umif; jyef=um;ygw,f? r'nw tpnf;ta0;xdkifEdkifa&;awmh
wjcm;ygwDrsm;&J Mandate rygyJ raqG;aEG;csifa=umif;/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ hawmfvSefa&;
aumifpDwdk@ ppf&yfpJxm;+yD;wJhtcgusrS tJ'De,fajrxJrSmjzpfjzpf (3) ygwDe,fajrxJrSmjzpfjzpf usif;y
yg? em;vnfr_eJ@vkyf&if jzpfEdkifygw,fvdk@ jyef=um;tajzay;ygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzufu wjynfvkH;twdkif;twmeJ@ ppf&yfpJa&;udkawmh rjzpfEdkifvdk@
ta=umif;jyef=um;+yD;/ uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ (2) zufoabmwl ppf&yfpJa&;udkawmh jzpfEdkifygr,f? tao;
pdwf xyfrHaqG;aEG;=uzdk@ tajzay;ygw,f? wyfrsm;ajymif;a&$a&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; wyfpGJxm;&muae
a&GS ah jymif;ay;zd@k oabmrwlEikd v
f @kd jyef=um;tajzay;ygw,f? e,fcsJ eJ@ jynfwiG ;f azmufjyefa&;orm;
rsm;tE &W m,f umuG,w
f m;qD;a&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; oabmwla=umif; jyef=um;ygw,f? (tJ't
D csed rf mS
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; atmifjrifpGmjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf udwifumuG,fwJh
taeeJ@ OD;AaqG/ OD;0if; wdk@tygt0if yk*~dKvfwcsdKudk zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;+yD;+yD jzpfygw,f?)
y%mrawGqkaH qG;aEG;yG}J uD; atmifjrifpmG +yD;ajrmufv@kd 'kw,
d ydik ;f rsuEf mS pkn
H aD qG;aEG;yG}J uD;
rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwzD ufu wifjywJh Edik if aH &;qdik &f m tajccHtcsuf (5) csuu
f kd aqG;aEG;oGm;zd@k
tajccH+yD; aqG;aEG;oGm;zdk@ oabmwla=umif; tajzay;ygw,f? tajccH (5) csufqdkwmrSmvnf;
yOPrtcsuf[m avmavmq,f vdktyfaom tjcm;jy\emrsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef vdk@om azmfjy
xm;wmjzpfwJhtwGuf rsufESmpkHnD aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfwJhtcgrSm EdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh t"dundEd_if;aqG;aEG;
p&m[m tcsuf (4) csufyJjzpfygw,f? 'DtajccH (4) csufudkvnf; awmfvSefaumifpDu oabmwl
vdkuf+yDqdkwJhtwGuf/ y%mrjyifqifa&; aqG;aEG;yGJ atmifjrifatmif ndEd_if;&mrSm tzktxpf
oabmrsdK;jzpfaeao;wmu wyfpcef;rsm;a&$ajymif;a&; eJ@ ppf&yfpJa&;jy\em omjzpfygw,f?
pufwifbm (11) &ufae@ naeydik ;f rSm wwd,t}udraf jrmuf aqG;aEG;yGJ yvkyyf gw,f? 'kw,
d
t}udrf aqG;aEG;yGJwkef;u[mawGudk cHikHokH;oyf+yD;/ &JabmfaX; u ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumf
rDwDtpnf;ta0;vkyfa&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; wifjyygw,f? A[dkaumfrDwDtpnf;ta0; usif;yr,fhae&m
udk t=urf;zsi;f tm;jzifh ayguaf cgi;f eJ@ atmifvt
H pyf/ t&Htm;jzifh om,m0wD/ ewWvif;eJ ah ygi;f wnf
tpyfudk vsmxm;a=umif; xifjyygw,f?
pufwifbm (13) &ufrmS pwkwt
W }udraf jrmuf aqG;aEG;yGu
J si;f yygw,f// Adv
k rf KS ;}uD;apmjrifu
h
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDzufu wifjyxm;csufawGudk twnfyajym=um;&if; A[dkaumfrDwDtpnf;
ta0;yGJvkyfzdk@ yxrae&mudkyJ a&G;cs,fzdk@ t}uHyygw,f? Auy zufu A[dkaumfrDwDtpnf;ta0;
vkyrf ,fah 'oeJ@ teD;qk;H a'oawGjzpfaewJh a&$avmif;/ pGeaf csmif;/ a&$awmifaiGawmif/ ukwifig;qif/h
pG,fwkef;a'orsm;u tpdk;&wyfrsm; qkwfcGmay;apvdka=umif; wifjyygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh u
345
0if;wihfxGef;
oabmwla=umif; ajym+yD;/ pufwifbm (25) &ufae@ aemufqkH;xm; a&$ajymif;ay;&efeJ@ qufoG,f

a&;twGuf qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sdrsm; ESpfzufpvkH;rS xm;&Sd&efudk aqG;aEG;oabmwlnDcJh=uygw,f?
pufwifbm (23) &ufae@rSm yOPrt}udrfajrmuf aqG;aEG;yGJ qufusif;yygw,f? Adkvfr;}uD;
apmjrifhu t&iftywfu oabmwlnDxm;cJhwJh a&$ajymif;ay;zdk@ ae&m (5) ckrSm ukwifig;qifheJ@
a&$avmif;[m opfxw
k v
f yk af &;vkyif ef;awG ta&;w}uD;&Sad ewJt
h wGuf b,fvakd qmif&u
G o
f ifw
h ,f
t}uH ay;zdk@ ajym=um;ygw,f? &JabmfaX; u wyfpcef;rsm;a&$ajymifay;zdk h oabmwl+yD;jzpfwJh
twGuf opfxw
k v
f yk af &;vkyif ef;awGvyk zf @kd e@J taESmuft,Suaf y;rSmr[kwaf =umif; ajymqdyk gw,f?
tpnf;ta0;vkyfzdk@ t&Ha'o aygif;wnfudk y,fzsufvdkuf+yD;/ awmifilckdif pdrfa& eJ hoajy0
a'oudk a&G;cs,fxm;a=umif; wifjy&if;/ tJ'ga=umifh bkef;&Gm/ oajy0/ pdrfa&0/ =uuf&Sm/ vufyHckHwdk
hrSmcsxm;wJh wyfpcef;rsm;a&$ajymif;ay;a&;udk wifjyygw,f?
yOPrt}udrfajrmuftxd awGqkHaqG;aEG;=ur_awGudk cHikH=unfhr,fqdk&if acsmacsmarGarGyJ
&SdaecJhygw,f? tjyeftvSef vdkufavsmr_awG jyocJhygw,f?
pufwifbm (29) &ufae@rSm autif,lOuU ref;bZH udk,fwdkifacgif;aqmifwJh (3) ygwD
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGJ awGqkaH qG;aEG;=uzd@k &efuek u
f kd qdu
k af &mufvmygw,f? ref;bZH (autif,yl gwD
OuU)/ EdkifbvGif (rGefjynfopfygwD OuU)/ apmarmf&,f (u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD twGif;
a&;r;csKyf) paumv,fawm (autif,ltaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;)/ Adkvfusifaz (autif,l
aygvpfAsLkd tzGJ 0if)/ Adv
k o
f ef;atmif (autif,Al [dak umfrw
D 0D if)/ Adv
k pf v
H if; (u&ifet
D rsKd ;om;wd;k
wufa&;ygwD A[dak umfrw
D 0D if) wd@k e@J twl k;H tzGJ om;rsm;yg yg0ifwhJ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGJ }h u;D jzpfygw,f?
jynfolvlxku vd_ufvd_ufvSJvSJ udqdk=uygw,f? jynfolvlxk&J +idrf;csrf;a&;ar#mfvifhcsufeJ
hudqdkE_wfquf=uwmawG ae&mwdkif;rSm ay:aygufcJhygw,f? atmufwdkbm (3) &ufae@rSm AuyeJ@
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwdk@&J qXrt}udrfajrmuf awGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJ qufvufusif;yygw,f? awmf
vSeaf &;aumifpzD ufu ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f ajymif;tvJ&v
dS mygw,f? Adv
k rf ; }u;D apmjrif/h Adv
k rf ; }u;D ausmpf ;kd /
Adv
k rf ; }uD;vS[ef/ Adv
k rf ; }uD;aomif;'efe@J 'kAv
kd rf ; }uD;rsKd ;atmif wd@k jzpfvmygw,f? ocifwifjr rygvm
awmhyg? Adv
k rf ; }uD;apmjrifh u Edik if jH cm;oGm;p&m&Sw
d t
hJ wGuf aemifvmr,fh aqG;aEG;yGaJ wGrmS Adv
k rf ; }uD;
vS[ef u acgif;aqmifaqG;aEG;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ ocifwifjrtpm; 'kAdkvfr;}uD;rsdK;atmif wufa&muf
vmwmjzpfa=umif; &Si;f vif;ajymqd+k yD;/ r+yD;jywfao;wmawG qufvufaqG;aEG;=uzd@k ajymqdyk gw,f?
Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifhuyJ wifjyxm;wJh uif;pcef; (5) ckae&mrSm vrf;azmufvkyfa&;/ opfxkwfvkyfa&;
twGuf &dumQ rsm;pufypPn;f rsm; awmfawmfpak qmif;rdae+yD;jzpfwt
hJ jyif/ rd&GmawGe@J vnf; eD;uyfwhJ
twGuf ra&$vdka=umif;/ &Gmw&Gm ESpf&Gm taeeJ@ trSefwu,fvdktyfae&if pOf;pm;&efjzpfa=umif;
ajymygw,f?
Adv
k af Z,s u uif;pcef; (2) cka&$ay;Edik &f if oifah wmfr,fxifa=umif;eJ o
h pfxw
k v
f yk f a&;udk
t&ifem;vnfr_twdkif; qufvkyfudkif&efjzpfEdkifa=umif; jyefvnfvdkufavsmaqG;aEG;ygw,f?
Adkvfr;}uD;apmjrifh u uif;pcef; (2) cka&$ay;zdk@ oabmwl+yD;/ (Grid Line) owfrSwfzdk@ wifjyvmyg
w,f? uGefjrLepfygwDu opfxkwfvkyfa&;eJ@ vrf;azmufvkyfa&;twGuf oabmwlay;vdkufygw,f?
twdkuftcdkuf&yfpJa&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; r'nw eJ@aqG;aEG;+yD;rS aqmif&Guf=uzdk@ oabmwlnDvdkuf=u
346
0if;wihfxGef;
ygw,f? owif;xkwjf yefoifw

h u
hJ pd P owif;xkwjf yefa&;twGuf owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGJ i,f wck
zGJ pnf;zd@k oabmwlnv
D u
kd =f uygw,f? awmfveS af &;aumifpzD ufu Adv
k rf ; }u;D aomif;'ef eJ@ ESpaf ,muf/
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDzufrS &Jabmfatmif}uD; eJ@ ESpfa,muf zGJpnf;zdk@jzpfygw,f? owif;pmuGef
z&ifhvkyfa&;udkvnf; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzufu yvkyfcGifhay;+yD;/ owif;xkwfjyef+yD;aemufrS
yvkyf=uzdk@ oabmwlnDcJh=uygw,f?
atmufwdkbm (4) &ufae@rSm trSwf (14) tif;,m;vrf; {nfha*[mrSmyJ awmfvSefa&;
aumifpeD @J (3) ygwu
D ,
kd pf m;vS,t
f zGJ wd@k y%mraqG;aEG;yGJ pwifusi;f yygw,f? awmfveS af &;aumifpD
zuf r S Ad k v f c sKyf } uD ; ae0if ; ud k , f w d k i f wuf a &muf y gw,f ? yg0if w uf a &muf o l a wG u awmh /
Adkvfr;}uD;vS[ef/ Adkvfr;}uD;ausmfpdk;/ Adkvfr;}uD;aomif;'ef eJ@ 'kAdkvfr;}uD;cspfcif wdk@jzpfygw,f?
(3) ygwD udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJzufuawmh/ ref;bZHacgif;aqmif+yD; EdkifbvGif/ apmarmf&,f/ paum
v,fawm/ Adkvfusifaz/ Adkvfoef;atmif/ AdkvfpHvif;/ EdkifwufxGef; eJ@ Edkifxif wdk@jzpf=uygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;u awmif;qdv
k w
kd t
hJ csuaf wGukd awmif;qdEk ikd af =umif; ed'ge;f pum;ajym+yD;/
ref;bZH u aqG;aEG;yGJtpDtpOfudk zwf=um;ygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzufu wjynfvkH; typftcwf&yfpJxm;a&;udk rltm;jzifh oabmwl
ayr,fh tzGJtpnf;trsm;tjym;&SdwJhtwGuf vufawGaqmif&Guf&ef cufcJw,fvdk@ oabmxm;
um/ aqG;aEG;aewJh tzGJ tpnf; (3) cke@J wdu
k f u
dk o
f ufqikd w
f hJ e,fajra'oawGrmS om typftcwf&yf
xm;a&;twGuf aqG;aEG;=uzdk@ vdkvm;ygw,f? wjynfvkH;typftcwf&yfpJxm;a&; rjzpfEdkifvdk@qdkyg
w,f? ref;bZHu typftcwf&yfpJa&;udpPudk r'nw taeeJ@ vkyfEdkifwJhtajctae&SdwJhtwGuf
r'nw taeeJ@ aqmif&u
G v
f ykd gw,fv@kd ajym=um;wifjyygw,f? Adv
k rf ; }uD;vS[efu typftcwf
&yfpJxm;a&;jy\emudk wzGJwpnf;eJ@r[kwfyJ r'nw taeeJ@ qufvufajymqdkoGm;r,fvdk
hajym=um;+yD; ref;bZH wdk@zufu useftcsufawGudk typftcwf&yfpJa&; aqG;aEG;+yD;rS aqG;aEG;=uzdk@
wifjyajymqdkygw,f?
atmufwdkbm (4) &ufae@rSm jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf twdkuftcwf&yfpJa&;udpPudk
wzGJcsif;aqG;aEG;r,fhtpm; r'nw udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJeJ@ aqG;aEG;oGm;zdk@ oabmwlvdkuf+yDjzpf
a=umif; ta=umif;=um;pmudk awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS w&m;0ifxkwfjyefay;ovdk/ r'nw uvnf;
y%mrudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJudk w&m;0ifzGJpnf;+yD; awGqkHaqG;aEG;zdk@ toifh&Sda=umif;/ atmufwdkbm
(6) &ufae@rmS jyefvnfwek @f jyef ta=umif;=um;cJyh gw,f? zGJ pnf;vdu
k w
f hJ r'nw A[du
k ,
kd pf m;vS,f
tzGJ uawmh/ (1)ref;bZH/ (2) paumv,fawm/ (3) Adv
k u
f siaf z/ (4) Adv
k o
f ef;atmif/ (5) Edik b
f vGi/f
(6) Edik x
f if/ (7) Edik w
f ufxeG ;f / (8) apmarmf&,f/ (9) Adv
k pd v
H if;/ (10) qvdik ;f pHatmif/ (11) qvdik ;f omOD;/
(12) &JabmfaX;/ (13) &JabmfZif (ocifZif)/ (14) &JabmfwifxGef; (ocifwifxGef;)/ (15) &Jabmf
atmif}uD;/ (16) &JabmfAdkvfaZ,s wdk@jzpfygw,f? ygwDtzGJtpnf;rsm;taeeJ@uawmh autif,l/
rGefjynfopfygwD/ u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ csif;OD;pD;tzGJ eJ@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDwdk
hjzpfygw,f?
atmufwb
kd m (8) &ufae@rmS r'nw eJ@ awmfveS af &;aumifpw
D @kd pwifaqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzuf tzGJacgif;aqmif Adkvfr;}uD;vS[ef u r'nw taeeJ@ typftcwf&yf
347
0if;wihfxGef;
pJa&;udpPwckudkyJ aqG;aEG;+yD;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ ywfoufwJh usefjy\emawGudkawmh rlvu

awmfveS af &;aumifpeD @J ygwt
D vdu
k f oD;jcm;pDaqG;aEG;aewJyh pHk t
H wdik ;f qufvufaqG;aEG;oGm;rSmvm;/
ygwDtvdkufaqG;aEG;aewmudk &yfqdkif;vdkuf+yD; (5) ygwDvkH;yg0ifwJh r'nw tzGJtpnf;wckwnf;
taeeJ@yJ aqG;aEG;rSmvm;qdkwmudk a&G;cs,foGm;=uzdk@ ajymqdkwifjyygw,f? r'nw zufu aemuf
w}udraf qG;aEG;yGrJ mS jyefvnfajz=um;zd@k / typftcwf&yfpaJ &;udpu
P v
kd nf; aemufw}udraf qG;aEG;yGu
J s
rS wifjyawmhr,fvdk@ tajzay;+yD; yxrt}udrf awGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJudk kwfodrf;cJh=uygw,f?
atmufwb
kd m (10) &ufae@rmS 'kwt
d }udrf aqG;aEG;yGu
J kd qufvufusi;f yygw,f? aqG;aEG;yGJ
&J tcsKyfoabmuawmh twdu
k t
f cdu
k &f yfpaJ &;udk r'nw taeeJ@ aqG;aEG;+yD; useu
f pd rP sm;twGuf
aqG;aEG;yGJudk ygwDtvdkuf rlvaqG;aEG;aewJh rlvykHpHtwdkif; qufvufaqG;aEG;oGm;=uzdk@ r'nw
zufu wifjyoabmxm;ay;cJyh gw,f? r'nw &J typftcwf&yfpaJ &;eJ@ ywfoufwhJ wifjycsuu
f kd
zwf=um;wifoGif;ygw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufzdk@ +idrf;csrf;a&;tudumvwck azmfaqmifzdk@
wzufeJ@wzuf typftcwf vkH;0r&Sda&;[m vdktyfw,fvdk@azmf!ef;+yD;/ tcsuf (12) csufyg wifjy
csufudk wifjycJhygw,f? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (r'nw) uae wifjywJh typf
tcwf&yfpJa&;qdkif&m tcsuf (12) csufuawmh (1) ppfrSefaom+idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf&mwGif wjynfvkH; typftcwf&yfpJa&;onf
a,bk,soabmt& vdktyfaeonfhtwGuf wjynfvkH; typftcwf&yfpJa&;udk
aqmif&Guf&ef/
(2) tu,fI kyftajctaet& wjynfvkH; typftcwf&yfpJa&; rjzpfEdkifao;yJ quf
vufud;yrf;aeqJumvwGif vma&mufawGqkaH qG;aEG;I typftcwf&yfpv
J akd =umif;
wifjyonfh vufeufudkiftzGJtpnf;tm;vkH;udk xdk;ppf}uD;i,frsm; qifE$Jjcif;ry&ef/
(3) r'nw ESiq
hf ikd af om ygwt
D zGJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf a'otm;vk;H wGif typftcwf&yfpx
J m;
&ef/ r'nw tzGJ0ifygwD wyfESifh a'orsm;twGif; xkwfqifhxm;aom ppfqifa&;
trdef@rsm;udk y,fzsuf&ef/ vufawGtm;jzifh ppfqifv_yf&Sm;jcif;/ wdkufuif;vSnfhjcif;
axmufvSrf;a&;uif;xGufjcif; ponfwdk@udkyg &yfqdkif;&ef/
(4) wbufEiS w
hf buf rSm;,Gi;f r_jzpfapEdik af om wenf;tm;jzifh wdu
k f u
dk t
f E &W m,fay;Edik f
aom awmfveS af &;aumifp.
D wyfpcef;rsm;udk kwo
f rd ;f ay;&ef/ (vdt
k yfaompcef;rsm;
udk ESpfbufndaqmif&Guf&ef/
(5) typftcwf&yfpJxm;pOfumvtwGif; r'nw tzGJ0ifrsm;. vkyfkd;vkyfpOf vkyfief;
rsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifcGifh&Sdap&ef/
(6) +idrf;csrf;a&;tudumvtwGif; typftcwf&yfpJa&;qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk
taumiftxnfazmf&ef/ ay:aygufvmaom jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf
A[dkESifh a'otvdkuf yl;wGJajz&Sif;a&;tzGJrsm; tqifhqifhzGJpnf;&ef/
(7) typf&yfxm;pOfumvtwGif; +idrf;csrf;a&;tzsuform;rsm;u rD;ar$; xdk;qGay;jcif;
ajcmif;ajrmif;vkyf}uHjcif;/ aESmuf,SufzsufqD;jcif;/ =um;0ifwdkufcdkufjcif;rsm; rjzpfay:
348
0if;wihfxGef;
ap&ef vdktyfaom udwifumuG,fr_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef/ ay:aygufvmaom jy\em

rsm;udk pDpOfndEd_if; ajz&Sif;oGm;&ef/
(8) typftcwf&yfpaJ &;umvtwGi;f vlxv
k Hk caH &;twGuf vlq;kd / "m;jy/ jyefay; jy\em
rsm;ay:aygufygu tjyeftvSef ta=umif;=um; ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef/ Todk@aqmif
&Guf&mwGif a'otvdkuf yl;wGJaqmif&Gufa&;tzGJrsm;u aqmif&GufoGm;&ef/
(9) r'nw ESifh typftcwf&yfpJ&ef oabmwlnDa=umif; owif;tjzpf owif;pmESifh
toHv$ifhXmerS a=unmay;&ef/
(10) oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk ESpfOD;ESpfzuf oufqdkif&mwyfrsm;odk@ wdkif;odjynfod
!ef=um;ay;&ef/
(11) tao;pdwfvkyfief;ESifh !ef=um;csufrsm;udk vdktyfovdk xyfrH ndEd_if;vkyfaqmif
xkwfjyefoGm;=u&ef/
(12) typftcwf&yfpJa&;umvudk +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;r_udpPrsm; +yD;jywfonfhtcsdeftxd
xm;&Sd&ef/ - qdkwmwdk@yJjzpfygw,f?
atmufwdkbm (15) &ufae@rSm wwd,t}udrfajrmuf aqG;aEG;yGJ qufvufusif;yygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDzufrS Adkvfr;}uD; vS[ef u typftcwf&yfpJa&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; r'nw &J
wifjycsuaf wGtay: ajz=um;jcif;vkyw
f mu t"dujzpfygw,f? ajz=um;&Si;f vif;csut
f csKyfuawmh(1) wjynfvkH; typftcwf&yfpJa&;jy\emudk pOf;pm;&mrSm vufawGvkyfaqmif&ef
rjzpfEdkif?
(2) kd;om;pGm vma&mufaqG;aEG;=uwJh tzGJtpnf;rsm;eJ@ ndEd_if;oabmwlxm;wJh a'o
rsm;rSm xd;k ppfqifjcif;rycJ/h rlvuyif 'Doabmxm;udck ,
H +l yD; vufawGvnf; usio
hf ;Hk
ae+yD;jzpf?
(3) r'nwzufuvnf; xd;k ppfqifjcif;/ wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;/ uif;vSnjhf cif;/ axmufvrS ;f jcif;ry
ygqdkwJh tjyeftvSefuwdyrSom jzpfEdkifygr,f/ 'gayr,fh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD[m
jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;&zd@k ud;pm;aeqJrmS yJ vlx&k J touft;kd tdrf pnf;pdrf vkH cHa&;udk
umuG,af pmifx
h ed ;f ay;zd@k wm0ef&w
dS t
hJ avsmuf vdt
k yfwhJ vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u
G &f
r,fjzpfa=umif; od&Sdxm;apcsif?
(4) wyfpcef;rsm; kwo
f rd ;f ay;a&; oabmrwlnED ikd yf g? jy\emrsm;ay:ayguv
f mEdik w
f ,f
vdk@ ,lqcJhv#if jy\emtvdkuf tqifajyatmif pDpOfay;Edkif/?
(5) typftcwf&yfpJxm;pOfumvtwGif; r'nwtzGJ. vkyfkd;vkyfpOf vkyfief;rsm;
vkycf iG &hf adS p&ef qdw
k hJ wifjycsut
f ay: vkyf ;dk vkypf Of vkyif ef;rsm; qdw
k m&J t"dyg` ,f
tus,ft0ef;udk tzGJacgif;aqmif ref;bZHudk ar;jref;&m vkyfkd;vkyfpOfvkyfief;rsm;
&Jt"dy`g,f[m pnf;kH;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&; eJ@ ywfoufygw,fvdk@ ajz=um;cJh/ 'ga=umifh
pnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;rsm;/ typftcwf&yfpJxm;pOfumvtwGif; &yfqdkif;xm;oifh/ tkyf
csKyfa&;vkyif ef;rsm;[mvnf; awmfveS af &;aumifpt
D pd;k & &J wm0efomjzpf/ awmwGi;f
tzGJtpnf;rsm;eJ@ wef;wl&nfwl aqG;aEG;aewm[m EdkifiHa&;tzGJtpnf;rsm;taeeJ@
349
0if;wihfxGef;
om todtrSwfyjcif;jzpf/ pifydiftpdk;&tjzpf todtrSwfyaqG;aEG;aewmr[kwf/

xd@k a=umifh pifydit
f pd;k &oabmoufa&mufapwJh awmwGi;f tzGJ tpnf;rsm;&J tkycf sKyf
a&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;udk cGifhryEdkif?
(6) yl;wGJajz&Sif;a&;tzGJrsm; zGJpnf;&ef udk vdktyfovdk wdkifyifzGJpnf;oGm;&ef oabmwl?
(7) +idrf;csrf;a&;tzsuform;rsm;&J tE W&m,fudk umuG,foGm;&ef t"duwm0ef&Sdol[m
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDjzpfwmeJ@tnD umuG,fwm;qD;oGm;r,f/tultnDawmif;cH
vmv#if r'nw rsm;u tultnDay;apvdk?
(8) jynfolvlxkeJ@ wdkif;jynf&J vkHcHa&;udpPt00udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&[m
wm0ef&SdwJhtavsmuf vdktyfwJh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_rsm;vkyfoGm;r,f/ tultnD
awmifcHv#if r'nw rsm;u tultnDay;apvdk?
(9) owif;pmeJ@toHv$ifhXmersm;u a=unmay;a&;udpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; r'nw eJ@ vdktyf
ovdk wdkifyifaqmif&GufoGm;rSmjzpf?
(10) r'nw eJ@ vdktyfovdk wdkifyifaqmif&GufoGm;rSmjzpf?
(11) r'nw eJ@ vdktyfu wdkifyifaqmif&GufoGm;rSmjzpf?
(12) typftcwf&yfpJxm;a&;umvudk +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;r_udpPrsm; +yD;jywfonfhtcsdef
txd xm;&Sd&efudk rltm;jzifh oabmwl/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; vsifjrefpGm&&Sdap&ef
&nfrSef;aqmif&Gufoifh [k ,lq? - qdk+yD; wcsufcsif; jyefvnfajz=um;ygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDbufu tzGJacgif;aqmif Adkvfr;}uD;vS[ef &J jyefvnfajz=um;csuf
awGudk cHikH=unfhr,fqdk&if r'nwtzGJ}uD;&J wifjycsuf (12) csufxJu eHywf (5) tcsufjzpfwJh
typftcwf&yfpJxm;pOfumvtwGif; r'nw tzGJ0ifrsm;&J vkyfkd;vkyfpOf vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyf
aqmifcGifh&Sdap&ef qdkwJh tcsuftay: vkH;0vufrcHEdkifa=umif; azmfjyvmwmawG&ygw,f? vkyfkd;
vkyfpOfvkyfief;qdkwm pnf;kH;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&; eJ@qdkifwJhudpPawGygvdk@ &Sif;jywJhtcgrSmvnf; pnf;kH;
a&;udk &yfqikd ;f xm;oifah =umif;eJ@ tkycf sKyfa&;qdw
k mudv
k nf; cGirhf yEdik af =umif;vd@k ajz=um;cJw
h m awG
&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh eHywf (5) tcsuf[m t"dujy\em}uD;tjzpf pwifay:aygufvmygw,f?
useftcsufawGtay:rSmawmh }uD;}uD;rm;rm; uGJjym;wmrawG&yJ/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonfom
t"du pDrHcef@cGJcGifh&Sdol/ w&m;0iftpdk;&qdkwJh tqifhae&mudk pum;vkH;t&a&m vufawGt&yg
zdzdpD;pD;tay:pD;uae ae&m,lxm;wm awG&ygw,f?
atmufwdkbm (16) &ufae@rSmawmh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDeJ@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDwdk@&J
owWrt}udrfajrmufaqG;aEG;yGJudk usif;yygw,f?
Adv
k rf ; }uD;vS[ef u A[dak umfrw
D t
D pnf;ta0;vkyrf ,fh a'ow0du
k rf S wyfpcef;rsm; qkwf
cGmay;wJhae&mawGrSmvnf; (Grid Line) owfrSwfzdk@qdk+yD; wifjyygw,f? &JabmfaX;u *&pf'fvdkif;
owfrSwf&mrSm tcuftcJ&Sd+yD; owfrSwfvdk@r&wmawG&Sda=umif;/ vdkif;qGJjcif;tm;jzifh ygwD&J
pcef;rsm;eJ@ rlvpnf;kH;a&;e,fajrrsm; vdkif;tjyifzufa&mufaewmrsdK;&SdwJhtwGuf ajcusKHoGm;&
a=umif;/ vdkif;owfrSwfrSmudk rltm;jzifhoabmr=ua=umif; wifjycJhygw,f? aemufqkH;rSmawmh Arm
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDzufu vdkif;owfrSwfa&;udk oabmwlay;cJhygw,f?
350
0if;wihfxGef;
atmufwdkbm (21) &ufae@rSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpDeJ@ r'nw wdk@&J pwkwWt}udrfaqG;

aEG;yGJ usif;yygw,f? (15) &ufae@ aqG;aEG;yGJwkef;u awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&J ajz=um;csuftay:
r'nw &J jyefvnfwifjycsufpmwrf;udk ref;bZH u zwf=um;wifoGif;ygw,f? t"dujy\emo
zG,fjzpfvmcJhwJh r'nw&J vkyfkd;vkyfpOfvkyfief;rsm; qdkwmeJ@ywfouf+yD; r'nw&J wifjycsuf
[m pifydit
f pd;k &oabmrsKd ; azmfxw
k af wmif;qdw
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wif;=uyfwJh rl0g'ay:vpDqdkwmawGatmufrSm pme,fZif;vGwfvyfcGifh[m wae@wjcm; vHk;yg;yg;+yD;
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363
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364
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twGi;f u Adv
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vkyfief;awGudk bmwckrS rwwfru|rf;ol em;rvnfolawGu pDrHtkyfcsKyfuGyfuJ=uygawmhw,f?
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tajccHtpm;aomufuek yf pPn;f tm;vH;k avmufe;D yg; tpd;k &uom a&mif;cGi&hf w
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axmifcsD&Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f? 1964 ckESpfxJrSm cGefqm [m vm;d_;eJ@ wef@,ef;pcef;awGudk pGef@cGm+yD;
ppfwyfe@J ,m,DtquftoG,jf zwfwmvkyyf gw,f? bde;f vkyif ef;udk wd;k csJ vkyu
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tESH@tjym; ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f? trsm;pku bdef;vkyfief;udkyg vkyfudkifcGifh&vm=uwJhtwGuf
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1967 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@rSm A[kdawmifolv,form;aumifpD qkdwmukd pwifzGJ
pnf;ygw,f? OuUtjzpf Akv
d rf ; }uD;aomif;=unf/ twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf 'kAv
kd rf ; }uD;ausmaf ZmeJ@ tvkyf
tr_aqmiftzGJ0if (31) OD;&Sdygw,f?
tJ'D A[kdawmifolv,form;aumifpDqkdwm pwifay:aygufvmwJhESpfrSmyJ ArmjynfrSm
qefjy\em pjzpfvmygw,f? 1966 ckEpS f pku
d yf sK;d &moDwek ;f u &moDOwkq;dk &Gm;azmufjyefcrhJ a_ =umifh
pyg;pkdufysKd;{u (11) odef;ausmf ysufpD;cJh&+yD; pyg;wif; odef;aygif; (500) ausmfavmuf ysufpD;cJh&ay
r,fh pyg;txGuf ,kwaf vsmu
h sqif;cJ&h ayr,f/h awmfveS af &;aumifpt
D pk;d &[m jynfwiG ;f jynfov
l x
l k
vkt
d yfcsuu
f dk *krxm;yJ Ekid if jH cm;ukd qefwefcsed f (11)oef;ausmf wify@dk a&mif;cscw
hJ t
hJ wGuf jynfwiG ;f
pm;oHk;r_twGuf qefrvkHravmufjzpfcJh&&mu qefjy\em pwifay:aygufcJh&wmjzpfygw,f?
qefudk vGwv
f yfpmG a&mif;0,fciG rhf ay;yJ tpk;d &u wif;wif;=uyf=uyf csKyfuikd x
f m;wJt
h wGuf qef&mS ;
yg;jywfvyfr_jy\em[m ykdrkd}uD;rm;rsm;jym;vmcJh&ygw,f? tpkd;&&J jynfolvlxkvkdtyfcsufukd
tav;rxm;yJ EkdifiHjcm;aiGtwGuf jynfyukd twif;wifykd@a&mif;csr_/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rSefor#ukd
vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;csifwJh azmufjyefwif;=uyfwJh rl0g'ay:vpDawGcsrSwf+yD; rawmfrw&m; ydwfyif
uef@owfxm;r_awGa=umifh qefjy\emay:cJh&wmjzpfygw,f? pyg;topfawG xGuf+yD;vkd@rS vykdif;
omomavmufyJ&Sdao;wJhtcsdefrSm qefjywfvyfr_awG pwifjzpfay:cJh+yD; qefaps;awG w[kefxkd; xkd;
wufvmcJhygw,f? tJ'Dvkd qef&Sm;yg;jywfvyfr_jy\emawG jzpfay:vmcJh&+yD; qefaps;awG xkd;wuf
374
0if;wihfxGef;
vmwJh jy\emukd a&SmifuiG ;f Ekid zf @dk vlx=k um; u|upf nf u|upf nfjzpfvmwJh vlxrk auseyfoaH wGudk
ypfuGif;vGJypfEkdifzkd@twGuf qefjy\emukd vlrsKd;a&;t"duk%f;qD r#m;OD;v$Jypfvkdufygw,f? 1967
ckESpf/ ZGefvxJrSm wkwf-Arm t"duk%f; ay:aygufvmygw,f?
tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u EkdifiHwumtaetxm;/ txl;ojzifh tm&Staexm;ukd=unfhr,fqkd&if/
ppfat;wku
d yf }JG uD;u t}uD;tus,jf zpfaeqJjzpfygw,f? tar&dueforw *|eq
f ifvufxuf/ 1964
ckEpS f /=o*kwv
f (4) &uf wku
H if y,fv,fauGqk;H jzwfcsuf xGuv
f m+yD;aemufyidk ;f AD,uferftay:
Ak;H rk;d &GmwmawG tqufrjywfvyk yf gw,f? (5) ode;f avmuf&w
dS hJ ppftiftm;ukd apv$w+f yD; AD,uferf
ppftwGif; tar&duefu wkdufkdufyg0ifaeygw,f? uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&; t}uD;tus,fqifE$Jyg
w,f? 1965 ckEpS x
f rJ mS tif'edk ;D &Sm;Ekid if rH mS Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ql[mwkd ppftiftm;eJ@ tm%modr;f wufvm
+yD;aemufykdif; uGefjrLepf acsr_ef;okwfoifa&;awG t}uD;tus,f qifE$Jygw,f? uGefjrLepfacsr_ef;a&;
vkyf&if; wkwf-tif'kdeD;&Sm; t"duk%f;awG qufwkdufxGufay:vmcJhygw,f? ArmjynfeJ@ e,fedrdwf
csi;f qufpyfaewJh tdref ;D em;csi;f wkwEf idk if }H uD;rSmvnf; ,Ofaus;r_awmfveS af &;}uD; t&Sed t
f [kef
wuf ay:xGufaeqJjzpfygw,f? 'D,Ofaus;r_awmfvSef;a&;}uD;*,uf[m wkwfjynf jynfwGif;om
ru/ tm&Su EkdifiHawGtwGif;yg t}uD;tus,f *,ufkdufcwfcJhygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
twGi;f rSmvnf; *,ufu
dk rf _ t}uD;tus,&f cdS o
hJ vk/d yifv,f&yfjcm;a&muf wkwv
f rl sK;d awGtwGi;f
rSvnf; 'D*,uf[m&SdcJhygw,f? Armjynf wkwfausmif;wcsKdtwGif;rSm armfpDwkef;&ifxkd;wHqdyf
wyfqifwmawG (1967 ckESpftwGif;) &SdvmwJhtcg tJh'Dtcsufukdukdif+yD; ppftpkd;&u wkwf-Arm
t"duk%;f ukd azmfcw
hJ mjzpfygw,f? tif'edk ;D &Sm;Ekid if u
H ppftm%m&Sif ql[mwk&d J vrf;a=umif; erlem
twkdif; Armjynfu ppftm%m&Sif AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; uvnf; uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;vnf; vkyf+yD;
om;vnf;jzpf/ xdyfwkdufwkd;&awmhr,fh qefjy\emtay: vlxktmkHukdvnf; v$Jajymif;+yD;om;jzpf
atmif wkwf-Arm vlrsKd;a&;t"duk%f;ukd azmfvkdufwmjzpfygw,f? wcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywfenf;
okH;+yD; tpkd;&ukd,fwkdifu azmfvkdufwmjzpfygw,f? wjynfvkH; ae&mtESH@jzpfyGm;cJh+yD; rdawmfjzpfwJh
&efukefuawmh tjyif;xefqkH;jzpfcJhygw,f? ,leDazmifc|wf+yD; t&yfom;tjzpf yg0ifqifE$JcJh=uwJh
ppfom;awG/ axmufvSrf;a&;wyfzGJ0ifawG trsm;tjym;&SdcJhygw,f? vkHcHa&;twGufqkd+yD; csxm;wJh
ppfom;awGuvnf; t"duk%f;ukd xdef;odrf;oa,mify+yD; rsufpypfjyvkdufwJhtcg t=urf;zufr_
awGyg t&Sdeft[kef}uD;pGmay:aygufcJhygw,f? wkwfoHkH;ukd oGm;0kdif;wm/ wkwfwef;u wkwftdrf
awGukd 0kdif;0ef;zsufqD;wm/ wkwfqkdifawGudk kdufcsKd;zsufqD;ypfwmawG ay:aygufcJhygw,f? wkwfArm t"duk%f;rSm aoa=u'%f&m&=uol wkwfawGvnf; trsm;tjym;&SdcJhygw,f? ysufqD;qkH;_H;
&r_awGvnf; ae&mtESH@jzpfcJhygw,f?
tJ'Dvkd wkwf-Arm t"duk%f;enf;eJ@ qefjy\emukd vrf;a=umif;v$Jypfvkdufayr,fh/
qefjy\em[m vkH;0uG,faysmufoGm;cJhwmr[kwfcJhyg? 1967 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13) &ufae@rSmyJ
&ckdifwkdif; ppfawGrdrSm ppfawGqefvkyGJ}uD; ay:aygufcJhygw,f? tJ'D ppfawGqefvkyGJ}uD; rSm
ppftpkd;&[m ppftm%m&SifZmwdkyfukd t&Sif;vif;qkH; jyovkdufwmuawmh qefvkdcsifwJhvlxkukd
usnfqHawGay;vkdufjcif;yJjzpfygw,f? &uf&ufpufpuf ypfcwfzdcGif;cJhygw,f? aoa=u'%f&m&ol
aygi;f (200) ausmw
f hJ tpkvu
dk t
f yHvu
dk f vlowfy}JG uD;jzpfc&hJ ygw,f? &ckid jf ynforkid ;f rSm b,fawmhrS
375
0if;wihfxGef;
rarhEidk pf &m orkid ;f 0if aoG;ajrusc&hJ r_}uD;jzpfygw,f? ppftpk;d &wufvmvmcsi;f aoG;acsmif;pD;atmif

owfjzwfErdS Ef iS ;f jycJw
h /hJ 62 ckEpS /f (7) &uf Zlvidk f ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk aoG;ajrusc&hJ r_aemufyidk ;f
(5) ESpaf usmt
f =umrSm/ xyfraH y:aygucf &hJ wJh t}u;D qk;H tpkvu
dk t
f yv
H u
dk f aoG;ajrusc&hJ r_jzpfygw,f?
62 ckESpf ppftpkd;&wufvmpu qefwjynf jym; (60) om&Sd&mu/ 67 ckESpf qefjy\emay:
&csed rf mS qefwjynf (7) usyf (8) usyt
f xd jzpfymG ;cJ&h ygw,f? qef&mS ;yg;r_a=umifh xrif;rpm;Ekid af wmh
wJholawG/ qef eJ@ yJ/ ajymif;/ vl;qwf a&mpm;&olawG/ auG;O wl;pm;&olawG wjynfvkH; tESH@tjym;
ay:cJhygw,f? qeftwGuf pyg;ukdpkdufysKd;ay;&wJh awmifolv,form;}uD;awGudk,fwkdif xrif;rpm;
EkdifawmhwJhb0 usa&mufcJh&ygw,f//
wkwf-Arm ta&;tcif;t+yD;rSm/ wkwftpdk;&u Armjynfppftpdk;&&J vkyfaqmifazmfjycJh
csufawGtay: t}uD;tus,f rausreyfjzpfcJhygw,f? &v'ftjzpfuawmh/ wkwfjynftwGif;
ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGma&muf&adS ecJ=h uwJh Adv
k af emfqikd ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ aygiaf ,mifwyfzJG (ac: ) aygiaf ,mif
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfOD; (yDtJef'Dtufzf) wyfzGJ0ifa[mif;rsm;eJ@ ta0;a&muf ArmjynfuGefjrL
epfygwD0ifawGudk pkpnf;aygif;qufay;vdkuf+yD; rD;pdrf;jyvdkufjcif;yJjzpfygw,f//
wkwjf ynftwGi;f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGma&muf&adS e=uwJh Akv
d af emfqikd ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ ucsit
f rsKd ;
om;wyfzJG [m/ jynfwiG ;f ppftpydik ;f rSm - OD;Ektpk;d & ukd ykeu
f efjcm;em;+yD; vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;
ukd qifEJ$&if;/ u&ifhvufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;eJ@ aygif;qufrdcJh=uygw,f? Akdvf}uD;aemfqkdif;
acgif;aqmifwJh ucsifvufeufukdifwyfzGJ[m autif'DtkdwyfzGJrsm;eJ@twl yl;aygif;wkdufyGJqif&if;/
aemufq;Hk rSm zqyv tpk;d &wyfrsm;&J jyefveS w
f u
dk cf u
dk af csre_ ;f r_a=umifh uGwcf idk b
f uftxd qkwcf mG
vmcJh&ygw,f? 1949 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvrSm jyef@usJaewJh olwyfzJGawGtm;vkH;ukd pkkH;,lvkduf+yD;
yxrqkH; PNDF (Pong Yong National Democracy Front) ukd zGJpnf;wnfaxmifvkdufygw,f?
aygiaf ,mif qkw
d mu *si;f azmtygt0if ucsirf sK;d EG,pf t
k m;vk;H ukd ac:qkw
d mjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh
Adkvfaemfqkdif;&J wyfzGJxJrSm autif'DtkdeJ@ yl;aygif;wkdufyGJqifvmwJhtwGuf qufoG,fa&;twGuf
yk@d xm;wJh qufo,
G af &;pufuidk f u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;a&m/ wjcm; u&if&aJ bmfrsm;yg a&maESmyg0ifaecJh
ygw,f? ucsit
f rsK;d om;rsm;uawmh trsm;pkjzpfygw,f? tJ'D aygiaf ,mifwyfzJG tiftm;eJ@ vm;_;d
uko
d mG ;wku
d yf gw,f? vm_;d wku
d yf rJG mS ta&;edr+hf yD;wJah emufyidk ;f rSmawmh wqif+h yD;wqifh qkwcf mG vm
cJ&h +yD;/ 1950 jynfEh pS /f {+yDvxJrmS wkwjf ynfxt
J xd ajy;0ifc&hJ ygw,f? Akv
d af emfqidk ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ
tJ'w
D yfzJG 0iftm;vk;H ukd wkwu
f armif;xkwjf cif;rvkyyf J xde;f odr;f xm;vku
d yf gw,f? yxr ,leefjynf
refpDaygufpef; pwJha'oawGrSm aecGifhay;xm;&mu Armjynf OD;Ektpkd;&eJ@ wkwfjynftpkd;& ESpfEkdifiH
tpk;d &csi;f qufqaH &; aumif;rGejf rifrh m;vmwJt
h ajctaea=umifh Adv
k af emfqidk ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ wyfzJG
0ifawGtm;vk;H ukd wkwt
f pk;d &u ,leefjynfe,fxrJ mS rxm;awmhyJ Armjynfe@J ykrd adk 0;vHwhJ twGi;f
ykid ;f a'o auGud; jynfe,fxJ ajymif;a&$ae&mcsxm;vku
d yf gw,f? tJ'w
D yfzJG awG[m wkwjf ynf
xJrSm rmhufpf0g'/ vDeif0g'eJ@ EkdifiHa&;oabmw&m;awGukd 1951/ 52 uwnf;u pwifavhvmrdcJh
=u+yD;/ wjznf;jznf;eJ@ vuf0J0g',kH=unfvufcHolrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJvmcJhygw,f?
1958 eJ@ 1967 ckESpftwGif;rSm tJh'DwyfzGJ0ifrsm;[m wkwfjynf auGud;jynfe,fxJu
a'ocH wkwftrsKd;orD;rsm;eJ@ tdrfaxmifuswmawGvnf; jzpfay:vmcJhygw,f?
376
0if;wihfxGef;
Akv
d af emfqidk ;f wd@k vdk trsK;d om;a&;qkid &f m vufeufuidk w
f yfzJG 0ifrsm; wkwjf ynfxaJ &muf&dS
ae=uwJhtcsdefrSm uGefjrLepfygwDcsif; nDaemifygwDqufqHa&;t& wkwfjynfxJa&muf&SdaecJh=uwJh
wjcm;Ekid if aH &;tif;tm;pkwpk[mvnf; ra&S;raESmif; &Sad e+yDjzpfygw,f? tJ'guawmh ocifAode;f wif
acgi;f aqmifwhJ ta0;a&muf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt
D iftm;pkjzpfygw,f? trs;pk[m Zdc|r;f jynf
e,fxJrSmjzpfygw,f? ocifAodef;wif acgif;aqmifwJh vlrsKd;tm;jzifh ArmvlrsKd;awGjzpfwJh 'Dtpku
awmh tpuwnf;u rmhufpf0g'/ vDeif0g'ukd ouf0if,kH=unf+yD;om; uGefjrLepfawG uGefjrLepfygwD
wyfzJG 0ifawGjzpf=uygw,f? wkwjf ynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J nDaemifygwcD si;f qufqaH &;t&/ Ekid if w
H um
uGefjrLepfygwDrsm;eJ@ qufqHa&;/ qufoG,fa&;qkdif&mudpPawGt& a&muf&Sdae=uwmjzpfygw,f?
1965 ckEpS x
f rJ mS Zdc|r;f jynfe,fxrJ mS &Sw
d hJ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt
D pku wm0ef&o
dS al wG[m/
auGud;jynfe,fxJ&Sd Adkvfaemfqkdif;&J wyfzJG0iftpkqD a&muf&Sdvm+yD; tquftoG,fyygw,f?
zqyv tpk;d &vufxuf tpk;d &&J ppfwyfwwyftjzpf&adS ewke;f u/ Akv
d af emfqidk ;f &JwyfzJG ukd t"du
tm;jzifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDukdacsr_ef;a&;/ uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;twGuf OD;Ektpkd;&u tokH;ycJh
wJw
h yfjzpfwt
hJ wGuf Akv
d af emfqidk ;f wyfzGJ [m uGejf rLepfawGe@J tjyif;txefwu
dk cf u
dk cf zhJ ;l wJh uGejf rLepf
qef@usifa&; emrnf}uD;wyfjzpfcJhayr,fh Adkvfaemfqkdif;wkd@ukd,fwkdif vuf0J0g'ukd vufcH,kH=unfol
awGtjzpf ajymif;vJvmcJh+yDjzpfwJhtcsdefrSm wkwfjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J atmifoG,fr_eJ@ vma&muf
awGqkH aqG;aEG;wJhoabmjzpfygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J vrf;pOfrl0g' oabmxm;ukdcsjy+yD;
Akv
d af emfqidk ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ auGud;a&mu Ef idk if aH &;tiftm;pkudk ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J yl;aygi;f zk@d /
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDokd@ ul;ajymif;zkd@ aqG;aEG;ygw,f?
1967 ckESpfxJrSm Adkvfaemfqkdif;wyfzGJ auGud;tkyfpk[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtiftm;pk
Zdc|rf;tkyfpkeJ@ wkwfjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J atmifoG,fay;r_a=umifh yl;aygif;rd=u+yDjzpfygw,f? 67
ckEpS f wkw-f Arm vlrsK;d a&;t"duk%;f t+y;D rSm wkwjf ynftpk;d &&J rD;pdr;f jyr_a=umifh ArmjynftwGi;f
jyef0ifzkd@ tppjyifqif+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f?
1967 ckEpS [
f m awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;tzk@d vnf; ppftpk;d &eJ@ tyid t
f qkid f t}uw
d t
f e,f
wkdufyJGqifae&wJh ESpfwESpfjzpfygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m (64) vrf;pOfukd wpkHvkH;csrSwf+yD;
+yDjzpfwt
hJ wGuf ppfEikd af &;tm%modr;f a&;ukd auG;a=umf+yD; tm%meDwnfaqmufa&;ukd vkyo
f vk/d
&efol xk;d ppfudk igw@dk x;dk ppfjzifah csre_ ;f &rnf qkw
d hJ ppfa&;vrf;!ecf suu
f v
dk nf; OuU ocifoef;xGe;f
u csrSwfusifhokH;apcJhygw,f? &efolxkd;ppfukd igwkd@xkd;ppfjzifhacsr_ef;&rnf qkdwJh auG;a=umfoH[m
pdw"f mwfa&;&mt& aumif;rGejf rifrh m;ayr,fh vufawGtm;jzifh tajccHaysmuf=um;ppfaoe*FAsL[m
eJ@ enf;y&d,m,fawGukd pGef@ypfvkduf+yD; twif;taocHckdif;wJh vuf0JpGef;uswJh ppfa&;vrf;!efcsuf
ozG,fjzpfaecJhygw,f?
wkwfjynf ,Ofaus;r_awmfvSefa&;}uD;&J*,uf[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif;vnf;
t}uD;tus,f ku
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S f ac: &Jabmfbwif/ &JabmfaX;/ Akv
d &f efatmif wk@d towfc=H u&yg
w,f? wyfev
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377
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wnfaqmufr_awGvnf; jzpfay:vmcJh&+yD; ausmfraumif;=um;raumif;wmawGyg jzpfay:cJh&ygw,f?

(Oyrmtm;jzifh om;u tazukdowfwmrsKd;)
zwf-xkwf-owf vrf;pOfrSm;a=umifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m tifrwef }uD;us,feuf
_id ;f wJh qk;H _;H r_}uD;awG uHawG&ifqidk &f ygw,f? Ekid if aH &;t&/ pnf;k;H a&;t&/ ygww
D nfaqmufa&;t&/
ppfa&;t& bufaygif;pkHt=uyftwnf;awG ay:aygufcJh&ygw,f?
ppftpkd;&u 1967 ckESpfxJrSm ajcjrefwyfrXmecsKyf topfwckygxyfzGJ+yD;ESpfpuwnf;u
ppfqifa&;awG t}uD;tus,fqifE$JcJhygw,f? xyfzGJcJhwJh ajcjrefwyfrXmecsKyftopfuawmh wyfr
(88) jzpfygw,f?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD ppftpkd;&[m t&if&Sd+yD; wyfr (77) eJ@ topfzGJpnf;vkdufwJh wyfr
(88)/ wyfrXmecsKyf (2) ckaygif;tm;eJ@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ autif,lygwDeJ@ r'nw wkd@&J
v_yf&Sm;r_ukd t"duOD;pm;ay;tqifhowfrSwfum tjywfacsr_ef;Ekdifzkd@ xkd;ppf}uD;awG qifE$JcJhygw,f?
rwfv (1) &ufae@up+yD; a&$jynfom ppfqifa&;}uD;ukd csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfcJhygw,f?
wyfr (77) u }uHwidk ;f atmif atmifppfonf ppfqifa&;rsm;ukv
d nf; csrw
S v
f yk af qmifco
hJ vk/d
wyfr (88) u o,m0wDckdifeJ@ jynfckdifukd t"du*GifowfrSwf+yD; armfEkdif ppfqifa&;qkdwmukd
=o*kwfv (2) &ufae@up+yD; xkd;ppfqifygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif; zwf-xkwf-owf
vrf;pOfrSm; jzpfay:ae&csdefrSm ppftpkd;&u tcGifhaumif;,l+yD; xkd;ppfqifcJhwmjzpfygw,f? Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwDu xkd;ppfukd xkd;ppfeJ@kdufcsKd; qkd+yD; wkef@jyef&ifqkdifcJhygw,f? wkdufwkdif;atmif
wyfawGzJG +yD; jyefvnfwu
dk cf u
dk cf yhJ gw,f? tustqk;H awG qk;H _;H epfem&r_awGvnf; tifrwefrsm;jym;
cJh=uygw,f?
Armjynfvufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkawGxrJ mS ta&;}uD;qk;H tzGJ tpnf;wckjzpfwhJ
autif,l ukd=unfhr,fqkd&ifvnf; 1965 ckESpfrSm OuU ref;bZHacgif;aqmifwJhtzGJeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfjr
acgif;aqmifwJ@tzGJqkd+yD; uGJjym;aecJhayr,fh/ 1967 rSm ppftpkd;&u autif,leJ@ autif'Dtkdtay:
vnf; tjyif;txefxkd;ppfqif wkdufckdufr_awG vkyfvmwJhtcg ppftpkd;&&J a&$jynfomppfqifa&;ukd
jyefvnfwkef@jyefkdufcsKd;zkd@ ud;yrf;tm;xkwfcJh=uygw,f? autif'Dtkd wyfr[m (2) u tiftm;pk
rsm;/ auyD*st
D uf (zf) wyfr[m (4) u tiftm;pkrsm;/ auyDt,fatwyf&if; (3) u tiftm;pkrsm;/
auyD*sDtuf (zf) wyf&if; (4) u tiftm;pkrsm;[m ppftpkd;&&J ppfwyfrsm;eJ@ tjyif;txef wkdufyJG
jzpfcJh=uygw,f?
tJ'h v
D dk jynfrrSm ppftpk;d &&J ppfqifa&;}uD;awG trsK;d rsK;d atmufrmS vufeufuidk af wmfveS f
a&;tiftm;pkawGu wkef@jyef &ifqkdif wkdufyGJ0ifae=u&csdefrSm &Srf;jynfe,frSm ppftpkd;&u todt
rSwfy zGJpnf;ay;xm;wJh umuG,fa&; rsm;uawmh bdef;vkyfief;ukd wkd;csJvkyfukdifae=uygw,f?
ppftpk;d &&Jvl cGeq
f m acgi;f aqmifwhJ umuG,af &;tzJG [m ArmjynfrmS omru urBmuygo&d wJh
bdef;ppfyGJ }uD;rSm t"dutcef;u yg0ifywfoufae+yD; cGefqm ukd urBmuygodvm&ygw,f?
1964 ckESpfu tpkd;&&JppfwyfeJ@ ,m,DtquftoG,fjzwfawmufoGm;cJhwJh cGefqm [m
1966 ckESpfrSm ppftpkd;&&J ppfwyfeJ@ jyefvnfyl;aygif;+yD;/ 1967 ckESpfxJrSm t}uD;tus,fqkH;aom
bdef;csr_}uD; ukd taumiftxnfazmfcJhygw,f? 1967 ckESpf/ ZGefvrSm a':vm (5) odef;avmuf
wefz;dk &Sw
d hJ bde;f (16) wefudk vm;taumif (300) eJ@ o,f,+l yD; avmEkid if t
H wGi;f oGm; bde;f a&mif;yg
378
0if;wihfxGef;
w,f? xkdif;-jrefrm-avm okH;EkdifiHe,fpyftwGif; (15) ESpfavmuf vuf0g;}uD;tkyf vkyfukdifvmcJhwJh

bdef;pm;usuf }uD; qkH;_H;&awmhrSm rcHEkdifwJh autrfwD AkdvfcsKyfrmu cGefqm&Jbdef;wef;ukd
tiftm; (1000) ausmfeJ@ usKdif;wkHta&Sbuf rJacgif;jrpfurf;yg;rSm csKHckdwkdufckdufygw,f? 'gayr,fh
cGefqm&J bdef;wef;[m vGwfajrmufoGm;+yD; Zlvkdif (14) (15) rSm rJacgifjrpfukd jzwfausmfum/ avm
Ekid if H AefueG ;f &Gmukd atmifjrifpmG a&muf&o
dS mG ;ygw,f? AefueG ;f &GmrSm cGeq
f m[m avmAkv
d cf sKyf tke;f &uf
wDukef; ukd bdef;awGa&mif;+yD; vufeufawGjyef0,fzkd@ csdef;qkdxm;csdefrSm rauseyfwJh autrfwDrsm;
[m AefuGef;&Gmtxd vkdufvm+yD; 1967 ckESpf/ Zlvkdif (26) &ufae@rSm wkdufyGJtjyif;txef jzpf=uyg
awmhw,f? avmAkv
d cf sKyfu cGeq
f m&JwyfzJG a&m autrfww
D yfzGJ ukyd g avme,fajrtwGi;f u xGuf
cGmoGm;=uzkd@ armif;xkwfygw,f? ESpfzGJpvkH;u remcH=uwJhtwGuf avmEkdifiHavwyfyg yg0ifvm+yD;
AkH;}uJwkdufckduf&ygw,f? wD-28 av,mOf (6) pD;eJ@ Zlvkdif (30) &ufrSm AkH;}uJwkdufckduf&ovkd/
avm0ef}uD;csKyfu,
dk w
f idk f avxD;wyf&if; w&if;v$waf y;+yD; wku
d cf u
dk af rmif;xkww
f mvkycf &hJ ygw,f?
cGefqmbufu (82) OD;aoqkH;+yD; t}uD;tus,f qkH;_H;cJh&ovkd/ autrfwDbufuvnf; vl (70)
ausmf aoqk;H cJ&h +yD; vufeuftajrmuftrsm;vnf; qk;H _;H cJ&h ygw,f? cGeq
f mwyfzJG / autrfww
D yfzJG
eJ@ avmwyfrawmf (vuf,mtkyfpk) wkd@&J 1967 ckESpfrSm jzpfyGm;cJhwJh tJh'DwkdufyGJukd bdef;ppfyGJ
vkd@ urBmuyg od&Sdem;vnfcJh&wJhtxd ausmf=um;cJhygw,f? cGefqm[m Armjynfbufjyef0ifvmyg
w,f? cGeq
f m&J pkpak ygi;f wyfzJG 0ifO;D a&[m waxmifavmufy&J adS wmhw,fv@dk qydk gw,f? ppftpk;d &u
vufcHygw,f?
cGeq
f m[m olumuG,af &;wyfzJG tiftm;ukd qufvufcsJ xGi+f yD; autrfwaD wGudk ajymuf
=um;ppfeJ@ wkdufckdufoGm;zkd@/ bdef;vkyfief;ukdqufvkyfzkd@ }uHpnftm;xkwfygw,f? 1969 usawmhrS
xdef;rEkdifodrf;r&eJ@ urBmodjzpfvm&wJh bdef;acgif;aqmif/ olwkd@arG;cJhwJhvl cGefqm eJ@ umuG,fa&;
acgif;aqmifwcsKdukd ppftpkd;&u zrf;qD;wmvkyfygw,f? tJ'DrSm cGefqmtzrf;cH&ayr,fh tzrf;rcH&
wJh cGeq
f mhumuG,af &;wyfzJG 0ifrsm;[m awmcko
d mG ;=u+yD; vG,af rmf tzGJ qkw
d m jzpfay: ay:ayguf
vmcJhygw,f? awmckd vG,farmf tzGJvkd@ ppftpkd;&u owfrSwfygw,f?
1967 ckESpfukd cH=unfhr,fqkd&if ppftpkd;&[m jynfwGif;ppfukd wqifhwkd;wkdufzkd@ wyfrawmf
topf (88) zGJygw,f? wu,fvnf; wkd;+yD; jynfwGif;ppfukd qifE$Jygw,f?
t"dutwkduftcH vufeufukdiftiftm;pkrsm;jzpfwJh Auy [m (64) vrf;pOfukdukdif+yD;
xk;d ppfudk xk;d ppfe@J u
dk cf sK;d a&;vkyyf gw,f? zwf-xkw-f owf ygww
D nfaqmufa&;trSm;ukd usL;vGerf d
&if; EkdifiHa&;t&/ pnf;kH;a&;t&/ ppfa&;t& qkH;_H;epfem&r_awG jzpfay:cJhygw,f?
wjynfvkH;rSm qefjy\emay:cJh&+yD; qefaps;awG ruHpzl;atmif jzpfcJh&w,f? ppftpkd;&u
qefjy\emukd vrf;a=umif;ajymif;+yD; vlxk&Jrauseyfr_awGudk vlrsKd;a&;t"duk%f;rsm;qD r#m;OD;
vSnfhay;cJhygw,f? wkwf-Arm t"duk%f;}uD; us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ay:aygufcJhygw,f? ppfawGqef
vkyGJ}uD; ay:aygufcJh&+yD; tpkvkduftyHvkduf aoewfeJ@ypfowfwmcHcJh=u&ygw,f? wkwf-Arm
ta&;tcif;a=umifh ArmjynfwGif;&Sd wkwftrsKd;om;tcsKd awmckd=uwmjzpfay:cJhygw,f? wkwfArmta&;tcif;rSm ppftpkd;&ukd,fwkdif yg0ifywfouf ukd,fwG,fajz&Sif;cJhwmawGtay: wkwfjynf
tpkd;&u rausreyfjzpfcJhygw,f? &v'ftjzpf Armjynfae0if;tpkd;&ukd qef@usifwGef;vSefwkdufckduf
379
0if;wihfxGef;
=uzk@d wkwjf ynfwiG ;f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmuwnf;u a&muf&adS ewJh Akv

d af emfqikd ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ auGud;
tkyfpkeJ@ ta0;a&muf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmifwJh Zdc|rf;tkyfpkudk atmifoG,fvkyf aygif;
pnf;qufpyfay;vkdufygw,f? rD;pdrf;jyay;vkdufygw,f?
1968 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@ reuf (1) em&DtcsdefrSm Akdvfaemfqkdif; acgif;aqmifwJh
wyfzJG u wyfzJG 0ifrsm;[m ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D J tpke@J twl jynfol vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmf
wyfzGJ0ifrsm;tjzpfcH,lum Armjynfta&Sajrmufa'o e,fpyfu rkH;udk; ukd 0ifa&mufwkdufckduf
odrf;ykdufvkdufygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J wlwHpOftvH[m rkHukd;rSm pwifv$ifhxlvkduf+yD;/
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J ta&Sajrmufppfa'o vGwfajrmufe,fajr pwifay:xGef;vmygw,f?
rkHukd;eJ@ a&Sqifhaemufqihf wydifeufwnf;vkdvkd wkdufckdufodrf;ykduf+yD; wlwHpOftvHv$ifhxl
vkdufwmuawmh a[rkd;vkH jzpfygw,f?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D J A[kd yJc;l k;d rrSm ppftpk;d &&J@ ppfqifa&; }uD;i,frsK;d pkH vuf,u
S x
f ;dk
aeqJumv/ wjynfv;Hk rSm&Sw
d hJ Auyvufeufuidk t
f iftm;pkrsm;[m tustqk;H }uD;rm;pGmeJ@ ckcw
H eG ;f
vSef wku
d yf q
JG ifae&qJumv/ xk;d ppfudk xk;d ppfe@J ku
d cf sK;d vk@d om auG;a=umfwu
dk yf q
GJ ifae&ayr,f/h
wu,fu t}uD;tus,cf pH pfqifae&wJu
h mvrSm/ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D J ta&Sajrmufppfa'o
vGwfajrmufe,fajr}uD; xGufay:vmcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
yJc;l k;d rA[ku
d wjznf;jznf; e,fajrusKH usKH vmcJ&h ayr,fh ta&Sajrmufppfa'o vGwaf jrmuf
e,fajruawmh wjznf;jznf;us,fvmcJhygw,f?
yJc;l k;d r A[ked @J ta&Sajrmufppfa'o vGwaf jrmufe,fajrt=um; tckid t
f rm qufo,
G af ygi;f
ul;ay;r_ rvkyEf idk cf ifrmS ppftpk;d &uyJ yJc;l k;d r Auy A[ku
d dk wk;d +yD; xk;d ppfqifacsre_ ;f zk@d ud;pm;ygw,f?
1968 ckESpf/ {+yDv (16) &ufae@reuf tmk%fOD;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/
&Jabmf okH;usdyf0if AkdvfaZ,s usqkH;&ygw,f? A[kdXmecsKyfukd 0kdif;xkd;wJh tk%fOD;xkd;ppfrSm
usqkH;cJhwmjzpfyg w,f?
ta&Sajrmufppfa'o Auy v_y&f mS ;r_udk OD;wnfwu
dk yf q
JG ifz@dk awmfveS af &;aumifpD ppftpk;d
&u ajcjrefwyfr[mXmecsKyf topfwck xyfzGJpnf;ygw,f? wyfr (99) jzpfygw,f?
(77) (88) (99) ajcjrefwyfr[mXmecsKyf (3) ckeJ@ ppfqifa&;awGukd wkd;+yD;qifovkd/ wkdif;ppf
XmecsKyf (7) ck&J e,fajra'oawGtwGi;f wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyfawGtvku
d f ppfa&;pDrcH suaf wGcs+yD;/ aomif;
usef;ol tjywfacsr_ef;a&;qkdwmukd t&Sdeft[kefeJ@vkyfygw,f? 1968 ckESpf wyfr;rsm;nDvmcHuae
jynfolppfrsm; pepfwus wkd;csJzGJpnf;ay;&ef qkdwmukd qkH;jzwf+yD; wkdif;ppfXmecsKyfawGtvkduf
wk;d csJ zGJ pnf;ygw,f? wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyfawGuae vufeufwyfqifay;yGaJ wGvyk yf gw,f? rde,f (212)
rd e,f&dS aus;&Gmaygi;f (1831) &Gmu jynfol ppf tzGJ 0ifaygi;f (67736) a,mufudk kid zf ,f/ pwif;/
ESpfvkH;jyL; pwJh vufeufrsKd;pkH (15227) vuf wyfqifzGJpnf;ay;+yD; ppfwyf&J ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_awGrSm
tokH;csygw,f? ae&mtm;vHk;rSm umuG,fa&; eJ@ jynfolppf awGukd wkd;+yD;tokH;cs&if; wkd;+yD;
xk;d ppfqifwmawG vkycf ahJ yr,fh t"dutm;jzifh Auy/ autif,/l r'nw eJ@ autkid af tukd OD;wnf
xkd;ppfqifygw,f?
380
0if;wihfxGef;
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif;rSm zwf-xkwf-owfawG quf+yD;jzpfay:ygw,f? wckvkH;t

aeeJ@ zwf-xkwf-owf rSm &m*%mef;jynfhatmif owfjzwfta&;,lcJhwmr&Sdayr,fh EkdifiHa&;t&/
pnf; k;H a&;t& tifrwef xdcu
dk ef pfemr_awG jzpfcyhJ gw,f? jrpf0u|e;f ay:wkid ;f wm0efcH A[kad umfrwD0if
&Jabmfp;dk oef;/ Adv
k x
f eG ;f +ird ;f / Akv
d x
f eG ;f &Sed f wk@d zwf-xkw-f owf xJrmS ygomG ;ovkd ausmif;om;or*~u
vmwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif ukdpkd;0if;/ ukdatmifodef;Ekdif/ ukdodef;xGef;/ ukdcif0if;/ ukdausmfcif
wkd@wawGvnf; towfcHoGm;=u&ygw,f?
ppftpkd;&&J xkd;ppfawGtwGif;rSm 1968 ckESpftwGif;rSm &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd ArmjynfuGef
jrLepfygwD aygvpfAsLkd0ifeJ@ r'nw twGif;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhol ocifwifxGef;/ A[kdaumfr
wD0if a'gufwmewf (of) ac: &JabmfxGef;armif wkd@ usqkH;oGm;&ygw,f? jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'owGif;&Sd
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ autif,l/ r'nw wkd@ vufeufukdifwyfzGJrsm;eJ@ tajccHa'oawG tjyif;
txef xkd;ppfqifwkdufckdufjcif;cH&ovkd/ yJcl;kd;r&Sd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdXmecsKyf/ A[kdaq;
ausmif;/ A[kd rmufhpfvDeif0g' oifwef;ausmif;wkd@vnf; t}udrf}udrf xkd;ppfqifwkdufcdkufwm cH&yg
w,f? A[kdXmecsKyf[m t}udrf}udrf ae&ma&$ajymif;cJh&ygw,f?
Akv
d af e0if; ppftpk;d &&J uGejf rLepfow
k o
f ifa&;/ uGejf rLepfygwAD [kXd mcsKyf acsre_ ;f a&;/ t}udrf
}udrfaom jyif;jyif;xefxef }uHpnfud;yrf; xkd;ppfqifaer_awGtwGif;rSm/ ocifoef;xGef;u
*syefacwf u usaemfw@dk u,fc&hJ wJh Akv
d af e0if;[m tckawmh usaemfw@dk udk taoowfz@dk tjyif;t
xefud;yrf;aevku
d yf rHk sm; vdk h rSwrf w
S x
f ifxif zGi[
hf ajymqko
d mG ;ygw,f? 1968 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv
(24) &ufae@ nae (5) em&D rdepf (20) avmufrmS / awmificl kid f u|yJ JG rd taemufawmifaxmifh (5)
rkdifavmuftuGm yJcl;kd;r A[kdtajccHpcef;wcktwGif;rSm tpkd;&&Jppfwyfu awmvmckdw,fqkdwJh
uHwdwf (ac: ) vkHwdwf (ac: ) ijr qkdol&J vkyf}uHowfjzwfr_a=umifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDOuU
ocifoef;xGe;f usq;Hk oGm;&ygw,f? ArmhEidk if aH &;orkid ;f rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo
D rkid ;f rSm tifrwef
}u;D us,x
f if&mS ;cJw
h /hJ a&Swef;ta&mufq;Hk tcef;uae yg0if&u
G af qmif acgi;f aqmifcw
hJ hJ ocifoef;xGe;f
[m yJcl;kd;rtwGif; usqkH;&csdefrSm touf (57) ESpfom &Sdygao;w,f?
ocifoef;xGe;f usq;Hk +yD;aemuf ArmjyefueG jf rLepfygwu
D dk OuUtjzpf ocifZifu qufccH yhJ g
w,f? twGif;a&;r;tjzpf ocifcspfu qufvufwm0ef,lygw,f? ppftpkd;&u ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwDukd tjywfacsr_ef;ypfEkdifzkd@ ppfqifa&;awGudk wck+yD;wckvkyfygw,f? OuU ocifZifeJ@ twGif;a&;
r; ocifcspf wk@d u (64) vrf;pOfudk qufvufuidk pf +JG yD; awmfveS af &;tvHudk qufvufvi$ x
hf yl gw,f?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD yJc;l k;d rA[ked @J ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD ta&Sajrmufppfa'ot=um;
wqufwpyfwnf;aom awmfveS af &;vrf;r}uD;ukad wmh atmifatmifjrifjrif ckid cf idk rf mrmjzpfatmif
aygif;ul;wHwm; xkd;ray;EdkifcJh=uyg? wckwnf;aom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtvHawmfukd twlwuG
ukid af qmifxm;=uayr,fh yJc;l k;d rA[k[
d m ppftpk;d &&J xk;d ppfqifra_ wGudk tqufrjywf ckc&H ifqidk af e
&+yD; cHppftaetxm; &ifqkdifae&ygw,f? ta&Sajrmufppfa'ouawmh wlwHpOftvHukd v$ifhxl
csdefup+yD; (wkwfjynf&J tultnDtjynfht0eJ@) wpxufwp e,fajrcsJxGif odrf;ykdufEkdifcJh+yD;
xkd;ppftaetxm;eJ@ vGwfajrmufe,fajr}uD; tqufrjywf us,fjyef@vmcJhygw,f? 1968 xJrSm
autif,luvnf; wkwfjynfukd y%mrukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ apv$wfcJhygw,f?
381
0if;wihfxGef;
ppftpk;d &[m ppftpk;d &yDyD ppfa&;ukt

d av;wif+y;D aomif;use;f oltywfwu
dk af &;ukd OD;wnf
vkyfaqmifaewmeJ@ wydifeufwnf;rSm EkdifiHa&;t&/ pD;yGm;a&;t&/ tkyfcsKyfa&;t& e,fy,faygif;
pkHukd tjynfht0 csKyfukdifv$rf;rkd;xm;a&;ukdvnf; tqufrjywf vkyfaqmifygw,f?
67 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@rSm A[kdawmifolv,form;aumifpDqkdwmukd zGJpnf;cJhovkd/
1968 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae@rmS A[kt
d vkyo
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dk mukd zGJ pnf;cJjh yefygw,f? OuUtjzpf
Akdvfr;}uD;armifa&$/ twGif;a&;r;tjzpf Adkvfr;ukd}uD; wkd@ acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJhygw,f//
tm%mtm;vk;H ukd ukid x
f m;wmu awmfveS af &;aumifp/D awmfveS af &;aumifp&D J atmufrmS
awmifov
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jrefrmhq&dk ,
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D dk OD;aqmifygw}D uD;tjzpf a&Swef;xkwzf @dk trsK;d rsK;d od'w
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389
0if;wihfxGef;
,mpGe;f orm;awG pdw0f g'aD wG e,fcsJ vufyg;apawGtjzpf owfrw

S yf aHk zmfum _wcf swu
dk cf u
dk &f if; olw@dk
rqv ygwDonfom vuf0JpGef;/ vuf,mpGef; qkdwJh tpGef;ESpfyg;u vGwfwJh/ Ak'<enf;us ypdrydy'g
vrf;pOform;awGtjzpf }uHzef*k%fwif ajymqkd 0g'jzef@csd+yD; bufaygif;pkH vdrfnmr_dif;wkdufwmawG
vkyyf gw,f? tJ'v
D dk zdtm;trsK;d rsK;d / rufv;Hk tzkzH Hk r_id ;f wku
d v
f rd n
f mr_tvDvaD =umifh rqv tm%m&
wckwnf;aomygwD}uD;[m }uD;xGm;csifovkd }uD;xGm;vmygw,f? 1969 ckESpf ygwDESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ/
Ekid if aH &;tpD&ifcpH mt&/ t&Hygw0D ifppk ak ygi;f &J (159 ) om wuUov
dk b
f JG &awGyg0if+y;D (8068 )
u tv,fwef;eJ@ tv,fwef;atmuftqifhawGyJjzpfw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?
1969 ckESpfxJrSm/ &efukefrSm wuUokdvfausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_wck ay:aygufcJhygw,f? Arm
jynfrmS usi;f ywJh u|e;f qG,t
f m;upm;yGJ eJ@qufpyf+yD; tpk;d &qef@usiaf &; qENjyyGt
J jzpf ay:ayguf
vmwmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf u|e;f qG,t
f a&;tcif; vk@d rSww
f rf;y=uygw,f? rE aW v;rSmvnf; jzpfay:
cJhygw,f?
1969 ckESpfxJrSm Auy eJ@ r'nw ukd OD;wnfwkdufwJh ppfqifa&;awG ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmcJhyg
w,f? ta&Sk;d r autif,Xl mecsKyfrmS pwifzJG pnf;cJw
h hJ r'nw }uD;[m 69 ckEpS rf mS (10) ESpaf usmf
oGm;+yDjzpfovkd/ ppftpkd;&&J tjyif;txef; xkd;ppfawGukd wkef@jyeftefwk&if; &J&J&ifh&ifh qufvuf&if
qkdifcJhygw,f? ESpfzuftust_H;awGvnf; ykdrkdrsm;jym;cJhygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD kd;rA[kdu
atmifaZ,swyf awGzGJ +yD; ppftpk;d &&J xk;d ppfawGudk }uH} uHc w
H u
dk cf u
dk zf @dk ud;pm;cJyh gw,f? *Gix
f u
J
rwGuaf &; qkw
d hJ ppfa&;vrf;pOftrSm;uku
d idk +f yD; &ifqidk cf w
hJ t
hJ wGuf qk;H _;H epfemr_awGuawmh }uD;rm;
cJhygw,f? 1969 ckESpfxJrSmyJ iajyrpm;usuf wkdufyGJrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/
63 ckESpf +idrf;csrf;a&; awGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJwkef;u wufa&mufcJhwJh y%mrukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ0if yD;uif;
jyef &Jabmfatmif}uD; usqkH;cJh&ygw,f?
ppftpkd;&&J 1969 ckESpftwGif; &ufpuf,kwfrm aumufuspf uvdrfusr_awGtwGif;rSm
rjzpfrae rSww
f rf;wifxm;&r,fh tjzpfwckuawmh uku
d ;dk u|e;f tusO;f pcef;ukd Ekid if aH &;orm;awGe@J
jyefvnfzGifhvSpfvkdufjcif;yJjzpfygw,f?
59 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tdrfapmifhtpkd;&vufxufwkef;u EkdifiHa&;orm;awGukd ukdukd;
u|ef;ykd@cJhovkd/ 1969 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpkd;&vufxufrSmvnf; EkdifiH
a&;orm;awGudk ukdukd;u|ef;ykd@cJhjyefygw,f? 63 ckESpf +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJ ysufjym;+yD;aemufykdif;
zrf;qD;xm;olawGeJ@ wavsmufvkH; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; ppftkyfpku rsufrkefusdK;vSol EkdifiHa&;orm;
awGjzpfygw,f? tJ'ED idk if aH &;tusO;f om;awGxrJ mS ausmif;om;eJ@ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif (40) ausmf
yg0ifcJhygw,f? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;aygif; (200) ausmfygw,f? (213 OD;vkd@qkdygw,f?) tJ'D EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awGxJrSm wkd@Armtpnf;tkH;acwfu ocifatmifqef; (AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;) eJ@twl
yl;wJG+yD; wkd@Armtpnf;tkH; A[kdtvkyftr_aqmifaumfrDwD0ifjzpfcJholvnf;jzpf/ tif;pdefppfwrf;rSm
yg0ifcJholwOD;vnf;jzpf/ jynfolwkd;wufa&;ygwDOuUvnf;jzpfwJh ocifcifatmif/ ArmjynfuGefjrL
epfygwD A[kdaumfrDwD0ifawGjzpfcJhwJh avxD;AkdvftkH;armif/ q&m&m*sef/ +idrf;csrf;a&;qENjyyGJawGwkef;
u yJcl;ppfa=umif;r;csKyfvnf;jzpf/ jynfolwkd;wufa&;ygwD twGif;a&;r;vnf;jzpf/ yrnw obm
ywdtzGJ 0ifa[mif;vnf;jzpfwhJ OD;cifarmifjrif/h jynfol &Jabmf rS Akv
d w
f ifw
h ,f wk@d yg0ifovk/d xif&mS ;
390
0if;wihfxGef;
wJh pma&;q&m}uD;awGjzpfwJh Aef;armfwifatmif/ jroef;wifh/ auwDOD;ausmfwifh/ vlxkpdef0if;

wk@d wawGvnf; yg0ifcyhJ gw,f? u&iftrsK;d om;Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;xJrS ref;atmif=unf/ ref;+idr;f armif
wkd@vnf; yg0ifcJhygw,f? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;xJrS &ckdifukdvSaz/ ukdatmif+idrf;/ ukdav;armif/
ukdzkd;oHacsmif;/ ukdcspfaqG (jynf)/ ukdvS=unf pwJholawGvnf; yg0ifcJhygw,f? 1969 ckESpf/ azazmf0g
&Dv (13) &ufae@rSm ukdukd;u|ef;ukd pwifykd@cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? tJ'DEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGukd &moD
Owk=urf;wrf;+yD; rkefwkdif;t+rJ&SdaewJh yifv,fxJu ukdukd;u|ef;ay:rSm txl;pD (C-special) tqifh
&duQm ukdwm ukdom xkwfay;+yD; ukd,fxludk,fxpepfeJ@ taeckdif;cJhwmjzpfygw,f? wrif nif;yef;
ESyd pf ufjycJw
h mjzpfygw,f? Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;uvnf; ppftpk;d &xm;ovkd acgi;f iH@k rcHyJ yko
H mef
rsKd;pkHeJ@ qef@usiftefwkcJh=uygw,f? tpmiwfcHqENjyyGJ tvDvDukd qifE$J+yD; ppftpkd;&ukd qef@usif
wkdufyGJqifcJh=uygw,f?
1970 jynfhESpfxJ0ifvmwJhtcg ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkawG&J tcif;tusif;ukd jyef
=unfhr,fqkd&if/ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; OD;aqmifwJh ppfwyftiftm;pk[m wwkdif;jynfvkH;&J EkdifiHa&;tm
%mukd csKyfukdifxm;kHru/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&; awGudkyg wif;wif;=uyf=uyf csKyfukdifxm;
+y;D jzpfygw,f? ppfwyftajccHygwt
D jzpf rqv ygwu
D dk wnfaxmif+y;D krH u/ tJ'D rqv ygwu
D adk wmif
vlxkygwD/ jynfolygwDtjzpf ykHazmftoGifaqmif 0g'jzef@csdum a&Swqifhwufzkd@ }uH&G,fae+yDjzpfyg
w,f? Oya'twGi;f rSm wjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygwD tzGJ tpnf;awGudk wckrS wnf&cdS iG rhf ay;awmhy/J waumif
wnf; ydib
f ufr&Sd 'ke;f pkid ;f um uk,
d [
hf muk,
d f tawmfq;Hk tjzpfowfrw
S +f yD; ywf0ef;usiu
f kd atmifyJG
cHjyzk@d au;G a=umfvy_ &f mS ;aeygw,f? rqv ygw}D u;D ukd wnfaxmif+y;D ko
H mru tvkyo
f rm;aumifp/D
v,form;aumifp/D ausmif;aumifpD qkw
d mawGyg wnfaxmif+y;D jrefrmhenf;jrefrmh[efe@J acwfajymif;
awmfvSefa&;}uD; qifEGJae+yDjzpfygw,f? tpdk;&taeeJ@u awmfvSefa&;aumifpD ppftpkd;& usifhokH;ae
wJph epfu ppftm%m&Sipf epf/ au;G a=umfaewmu jrefrmhq&dk ,
S v
f pfvrf;pOfv@dk awG@&r,fjzpfygw,f?
tm%mukd rw&m; &,lodrf;ykduftkyfpkd;aewJh ppftpkd;&eJ@ qef@usifbuf EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pk
awGuawmh Oya'abmiftwGif;rSm w&m;0ifwnf&SdcGifh r&awmh+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf a,bk,stm;jzifh
vufeufpGJukdif wkdufckdufae=uwJh awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawGukdyJ t"duxm; azmf!ef;&r,fjzpfyg
w,f? 70 jynfhESpfrwkdifrDutxd t"dutwkduftcHtjzpf wnf&SdcJhwmu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
tr;ywJh vuf0Jtiftm;pkeJ@ ukd,fykdifjymef;cGifh/ ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifhtyg rdrdwkd@&J &oifh&xkdufwJh
tcGifhta&;awGtwGuf t"duxm; wkdufyGJqifae=uwJh vlrsKd;pkvufeufukdif tiftm;pkawGjzpfyg
w,f? vGwfvyfa&;&cgp jynfwGif;ppf}uD; ay:xGef;puvnf; tm%m&tkyfpkd;olukd vufeufpGJukdif
wke@f jyefwu
dk cf u
dk af ecJw
h m[m ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD tr;ywJh vuf0EJ idk if aH &;tiftm;pke@J rdrw
d @dk &J
oufqidk &f m trsK;d om;pkrsm; vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wku
d cf u
dk af e=uwJh vlrsK;d pkvufeufuidk f Ekid if aH &;
tiftm;pkrsm;yJ&Sdygw,f? vlrsKd;pkr[kwfyJ/ vlenf;pktrsKd;om;a&;twGufr[kwfyJ vufeufpGJukdif
wku
d cf u
dk cf =J uwJh vuf,mEkid if aH &;tiftm;pk&,fv@dk r&Scd zhJ ;l yg? (jynfwiG ;f ppftpu yg0ifqifEcJ$ =hJ uzl;
wJh jynfol&Jabmfrsm;[mvnf; vuf0Jtiftm;pkrsm;tjzpf v_yf&Sm;cJh=uwmjzpfygw,f?)
1970 jynfEh pS x
f 0J ifvmwJt
h cgrmS awmh vufeufuidk Ef idk if aH &;tiftm;pkawGxrJ mS vuf,m
Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pk wpk[mvnf; ay:ayguv
f mcJ+h yDjzpfygw,f? wavsmufv;Hk vufeufuidk af wmfveS f
391
0if;wihfxGef;
a&;qkdwmeJ@ vufeufukdift=urf;zufenf;qkdwmukd cg;cg;oD;oD;qef@usifcJhwJh 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;

OD;Ek acgif;aqmifwJh ygvDref'Drkdua&pD EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkjzpfygw,f?
AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; OD;aqmifwJh ppftm%m&Siftpkd;&a=umifh rqv wygwDuvGJvkd@ wjcm;
EkdifiHa&;rSefor#ukd wnf&SdcGifhray;wma=umifh vufeufukdifwkdufyGJvrf;a=umif;xJ rvJGra&Smifom
a&mufvmcJh&wJh ygvDref'Drkdua&pD EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkjzpfygw,f? wcsdefwkef;u ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;rSm
tm%m& tkypf ;dk olawGtjzpf tay: pD;uae tm%m&cJ=h uzl;olawG trsm;pkjzpfygw,f? ppftyk pf &k J
&uf&ufpufpuf ESdyfuGyfapmfum;vkdufr_tay: vufeufukdifenf;eJ@ wyGJwvrf; tm;prf;=unfhzkd@
vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;xJ a&muf&v
dS m=uwJo
h abmjzpfygw,f? OD;AaqG/ OD;ausm+f idr;f / Akv
d cf ifarmif
av;/ ocifwif wd@k vydk *k K~ v
d af wGuawmh vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;xJ a&mufrvm=uawmhyg? ocif
ausmfxGef; uawmh AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tpkd;&&J oHtrwf}uD;tjzpf vufcHaqmif&GufoGm;ygw,f?
tJ'aD wmh 1970 jynfEh pS x
f rJ mS Akv
d cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; ppftm%m&Sit
f pk;d &ukd qef@usiw
f u
dk cf u
dk f
=ur,fh EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkawGuawmh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtr;ywJh vuf0JEkdifiHa&;tiftm;pk/
vlrsK;d pkawmfveS af &;tiftm;pke@J OD;Ek OD;aqmifwhJ ygvrD ef'rD u
dk a&pD vuf,mEkid if aH &;tiftm;pkq+dk yD;
t"du tiftm;pk}uD; (3) pkudk wef;pD+yD; awGjrif&ygr,f?
'Dtwku
d t
f cHEidk if aH &;tiftm;pk}uD; (3) ckpvk;H tay: ppftpk;d &u ppfta&;t& tywfwu
dk f
zkd@jyifqifovkd/ EkdifiHa&;t& 0g'jzef@csda&;t& bufaygif;pkHuae enf;aygif;pkHeJ@ toa&zsufzkd@ wkduf
ckdufzkd@ ud;yrf;tm;xkwfygw,f?
twkduftcHEkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;uvnf; ppftpkd;&tay: bufaygif;pkHuae wkdufckdufzkd@
vkH;yrf;tm;xkwf=uygw,f?
yJc;l k;d reJ@ {&m0wDwidk ;f / jrpf0u|e;f ay:a'owcGirf mS Auy eJ@ r'nw wk@d u yl;wGw
J u
dk cf u
dk rf _
awG taumiftxnfazmf=uovk/d &Sr;f jynfe,f/ u,m;jynfe,fe@J u&ifjynfe,fa'owcGirf mS vnf;
vufeufuidk v
f rl sK;d pk tzGJ tpnf;awGtcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G rf _ enf;vrf;pkeH @J yl;wGw
J u
dk cf u
dk rf a_ wG
tvDvDvkyfukdif=uygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ta&Sajrmufppfa'ouvnf; vGwfajrmuf
e,fajr wnfaqmufa&;ukd wkd;+yD;aqmif&Gufygw,f?
1970 jynfEh pS /f arvrSm xkid ;f Ekid if w
H ae&mrSm wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygi;f pkn
H !
D w
G af &;ESihf vGwf
ajrmufa&;wyfaygi;f pk (wnv) zGJ pnf;ay:ayguv
f mygw,f? tJ'w
D yfaygi;f pk (wnv) rSm yg0ifwhJ
EkdifiHa&;ygwDeJ@ yk*~KdvfawGuawmh
(1) OD;Ek
(ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD)
em,u
(2) ref;bZH
(autif,lygwD)
OuU
(3) Ekdifa&$usif
(rGefjynfopfygwD)
twGif;a&;r;
(4) OD;ZmvDarmf (yD'DyD)
wGJbuftwGif;a&;r;
(5) OD;ref;wvif; (csif;'Drkdua&pDygwD)
wGJbuftwGif;a&;r;
(6) *sifrD,ef;
(&Srf;rsKd;cspfygwD)
wGJbuftwGif;a&;r;
wkd@jzpfygw,f?
1970 jynfEh pS rf wkid rf u
D vlrsK;d pkvufeufuidk t
f zGJ tpnf;awGpak ygi;f +yD; wyfO;D zGJ cJ=h uwm
392
0if;wihfxGef;
awGvnf;&Syd gw,f? tJ'gawGuawmh nD!w

G af om vlrsK;d pkrsm;wyfO;D (nvw) eJ@ vlrsK;d pkrsm;nD
!Gwfa&;wyfOD; (vnw) wkd@jzpfygw,f?
1965 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvrSm wADwmpcef; rSm zGJpnf;cJhwJh (nvw) rSm yg0ifcJhwJh tzGJt
pnf;eJ@ yk*~KdvfawGu (1) ref;bZH
(autif,l)
(2) apmarmf&,f (autifyDyD)
(3) Akdvfr;aqxif (&Srf;jynfppfaumifpD) (SSWC)
(4) OD;a&$at;
(u,ef;jynfopfygwD) (autiftJ,fyD)
(5) pefcefxrf;
(ZkdrD;csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;) wkd@jzpfygw,f?
vnw wyfO;D ukad wmh autif,/l rGejf ynfopfygw/D Zkrd ;D csi;f trsK;d om;wyfO;D / autift,fyD
(u,ef;jynfopfygw)D eJ@ aut,fyyD D wk@d aygi;f +y;D zGJ pnf;cJw
h mjzpfygw,f? yg0ifco
hJ al wGuawmh (1) ref;bZH
(autif,l)
(2) AkdvfcsKyfaumfxl;
(autif,l)
(3) apmarmf&,f
(autifyDyD) (u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD)
(4) Ekdifa&$usif
(rGefjynfopfygwD)
(5) Ekid q
f rH w
d f
(rGefjynfopfygwD)
(6) *sifrD
(ZkdrDcsif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;)
(7) OD;a&$at;
(autift,fyD) wkd@jzpf=uygw,f?
1970 jynfhESpfxJrSm &Srf;jynfe,fwcGifvkH;twGif;rSmvnf; &Srf;vlrsKd;pk vufeufukdiftzGJ
tpnf;rsK;d pkH ay:ayguaf e+yjD zpfygw,f? tpk;d &u arG;jrLzGJ pnf;ay;xm;wJh umuG,af &; tzJG tpnf;
rsK;d pk[
H mvnf; &Sr;f jynfwv$m;rSm tkeH @J usi;f eJ@ }u;D xGm;vmaeygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh &Sr;f jynftwGi;f
wae@wjcm; }uD;xGm;vmaewJh Auy (ta&Sajrmufppfa'o) ukdom OD;wnfwkduf/ usefwmvkyfcsif
wmvky/f bde;f vkycf si&f ifvnf; bde;f vkyq
f +dk yD; cGihf yxm;wma=umifh umuG,af &; tm;vk;H eD;yg;[m
bde;f ukd t}uD;tus,v
f yk u
f idk &f if;/ wyfzJG tiftm;awGudk tqrwef wk;d csJ zGJ pnf;&if; vufeufuidk f
wyf}uD;awG jzpfvmaeygw,f? uk;d uef@umuG,af &;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfwhJ zk=H um;&Sif &J wyfzJG u
awmh Auy (ta&Sajrmufppfa'o) eJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; Auy wyfwwyf jzpfvmcJhygw,f? 0 e,frS&SdwJh
umuG,af &;wyfzJG rsm;[mvnf; AuyeJ@y;l aygi;f wJh wyfzJG awG&v
dS movkd tpk;d &eJ@yyJ ;l aygi;f +y;D tpk;d &&J
vufatmufct
H jzpf v_y&f mS ;ae=uwJh wyfzJG awGvnf;&Syd gw,f? &Sr;f jynfe,ftwGi;f rSm&Sw
d hJ umuG,f
a&;wyfzJG awG[m 1950 jynfEh pS 0f ef;usiu
f wnf;u zGJ pnf;cJ=h uwmjzpf+y;D wcsKd wyfzJG awG[m (60)
jynfEh pS 0f ef;usiu
f srS ay:ayguv
f mwmawGvnf;&Syd gw,f? t"dutm;jzifh aomif;use;f olqef@usiaf &;/
uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;awGtwGuf ppfwyfu vkdovkdtokH;cszkd@ zGJpnf;todtrSwfyxm;cJhwmawG
jzpfygw,f? 1970 jynfhESpfxJrSm ta&Sajrmufwkdif; ppfXmecsKyfe,fajrtwGif;rSmwif tpkd;&vuf
atmufcH vufeufuidk u
f muG,af &;wyfzJG (23) zGJ &Syd gw,f? tJ't
D xJrmS avmfppf[ef acgi;f aqmifwhJ
ukd;uef@umuG,fa&;wyfzGJuawmh tiftm;t}uD;qkH;jzpfvmygw,f? tJ'DumuG,fa&; (23) zGJu
awmh (1) ukd;uef@/ (2) vG,fyif&J/ (3) erfhu|rf;/ (4) umrkdif;/ (5) yefvkH/ (6) refqkdif/ (7) yef0kdif/
393
0if;wihfxGef;
(8) atmif[if/ (9) a&mifuvl/ (10) ref[kdif;vkH/ (11) yef,ef;/ (12) a&mifavmif;/ (13) a&mifya&;/
(14) Aif;iif;/ (15) vG,faq;/ (16) refrefqkdif/ (17) rkdif;aumif/ (18) wifvG,f/ (19) Akdvfarmif/
(20) vkHxef/ (21) rkHukd;/ (22) azmif;qkdif/ (23) rkH;ay: wkd@jzpfygw,f?
1970 jynfEh pS x
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ajrmufyidk ;f rkpH ;D em;v,f a'oukd odr;f yku
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wku
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dk m (30) &uftxd bwjyefusm;wjyef wku
d yf }JG u;D awGjzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f?
ta&Sajrmufppfa'o AuyeJ@ ppftpkd;&&J ppfwyfwkd@ t}udwfte,f wkdufyGJawGqifaecsdef
rSm Auy A[kd ;dk rwa=umrSmvnf; aoewfoaH wGnpH nfaecJyh gw,f? ppftpk;d &u k;d r Auy A[ku
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1970 jynfhESpf&J ArmjynfpD;yGm;a&;tajctaeukd =unfhr,fqkd&ifawmh ppftpkd;&vuf
atmufrmS bmwckrS r,fr,f&& wk;d wufvmwmrawG&yg? 1967 ckEpS f qefjy\emay:aygucf &hJ +yD;
aemufyidk ;f tpk;d &&J jynfyqefwify@dk Eidk rf _ tajctae[mvnf; avsmu
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qefazmufonf EkdifiHwcsKdukdvnf; EkdifiH}uD;wcsKdu qefukd tvum;axmufyHhwm auG;a&mif;ay;
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awmhw,f? ukefpnf &Sm;yg;jywfvyfaewJh aps;uGufxJ tpkd;&ukd,fwkdifuvnf; rjznfhqnf;Ekdif/
b,folukdrSvnf; w&m;0ifa&mif;0,fcGifhryawmh arSmifckdaps;uGuf qkdwm ray:csifvkd@ukdaer&/
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p&mozG,f jzpfvmcJhygw,f? wae@wjcm; }uD;jrifhvmwJh ukefaps;E_ef;awG&Jatmuf/ wae@wjcm;
us,fjyef@vm&wJh arSmifckdaps;uGuf}uD;atmuf wae@wjcm;rsm;jym;vm&wJh tvkyfvufrJhrsm;[m
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394
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vkdufol[m ppftpkd;&ukd,fwkdifeJ@ ppftpkd;&&J azmufjyefwJh pD;yGm;a&;ay:vpD EkdifiHa&;ay:vpDawGyJ
jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh ppftpkd;&uawmh tJ'DtrSm;awGukd wckrSrjrif/ 0doravmborm; arSmifckdpD;
yGm;a&;orm;awGa=umifv
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f rm;awGa=umifv
h @dk ajymvku
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}uHzef zmax; vSnfhzsm;aecJhygw,f? ukd,fhukd,fukd umuG,faecJhygw,f?
'Dvkd pD;yGm;a&;t=uyftwnf;/ vlr_a&;t=uyftwnf;awG=um; obm0uspGmay:vmwm
uawmh tpk;d &qef@usiaf &; ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_yjJ zpfygw,f? wuUov
dk af &$&wk ausmif;om;v_yf
&Sm;r_ ay:cJhygw,f? 1970 jynfh[m 1920 jynfh yxr ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;&J ESpf (50) ajrmuf
a&$&wk or, jzpfwt
hJ wGuf a&$&wktxdr;f trSwf wuUov
dk af usmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_[m ppftpk;d &
qef@usiaf &;tajccHe@J ay:ayguv
f mcJ&h ygw,f? ppftpk;d &u Ak;H cJ+G yD;jymcsypfcw
hJ hJ wuUov
dk o
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tkd;wGefoH[m yDyDoo jyefay:vmcJhjyefygw,f? ppftpkd;&u v_yf&Sm;vmwJh ausmif;om;rsm;&J
EkdifiHa&;Ekd;uGr_ukd zrf;wmqD;wmawGeJ@ ESdrfeif;ydwfyifcJhygw,f?
1970 jynfEh pS x
f rJ mS ppftpk;d &&J Ekid if aH &;tajctaeuk=d unfrh ,fq&dk ifawmh Ekid if aH &;tm%m
ukd wif;wif;=uyf=uyf csKyfukdifxm;Ekdifygw,f? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; [m ppfwyfukd olpdwfuduf
wvufukdifwyftjzpf aumif;aumif;rGefrGef arG;jrLykHoGif;xm;+yD;+yDjzpfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD
tpkd;&wzGJvkH;[mvnf; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; a&G;cs,fae&may;xm;olawGcsnf;omjzpf+yD; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if; ukd cGm&mwkdif;Ekdifr,fhol wOD;rSr&Sdyg? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwufvmpu auG;a=umfxm;wJh
qk&d ,
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rw&m;tjrwfxw
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a=umfjimpkdufxl auG;a=umfcJhayr,fh/ tlrrawmifholawG wae@wjcm; ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmwma=umifhyJ
vm;/ tlrawmifhrS oDvapmifha&;qkdwm jrefrmhenf;jrefrmh[ef qkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOf}uD;&J ukd,fusifh
tbd"rRm vlxktusKd;ya&;qkdwmeJ@ jcm;em;ae+yD; vl&,fp&m}uD;vkdjzpfaevkd@vm; rajymwwfyg?
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acgi;f aqmifomG ;&r,fqw
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Auy ukd ppftpkd;&u zwf-xkwf-owf ay:vpDusifhokH;aew,fvkd@ ESmacgif;_H+yD; wGifwGif
_wcf s ajymqkad eqJtcsed rf mS yJ awmfveS af &;aumifpt
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vufjzpfay:aeygw,f? 70 jynfh atmufwkdbmvxJrSm Akdvfr;}uD;wef,kqkdif ukd awmfvSefa&;
aumifpD0iftjzpfu z,f&Sm;vkdufovkd/ wvausmft=umrSm Akdvfr;csKyfwifaz ukdvnf; z,f&Sm;
xkwfypfvkdufygw,f? 1962 ckESpf tm%modrf;+yD;+yD;jcif; ay:aygufvmcJhwJh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if
(17) OD;rSm (9) OD; r&Sdawmhyg? w0ufausmf ywfoGm;cJh+yDjzpfygw,f// aooGm;ol Akdvfr;csKyfoef;az
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csKyfwifaz[m qkd&S,fvpfygwDacwfuwnf;u yg0ifcJhwJhyk*~dKvfjzpfwJhtwGuf Akdvfr;csKyfwifaz ukdyg
z,f&Sm;+yD;csdefrSm AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; ukd yckH;csif;,SOfEkdifr,fhol/ 0gpOfrwdrf;r,drf;xJu wa,mufrSr
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d cf sKy}f u;D ae0if; au|;vk@d arG;vk@d wifay;vk@d
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[m jynfrrSmxuf jynfe,frsm;rSm ykdrdktiftm;rsm;jym;vmcJhygw,f? &Srf;jynfe,frSm Auy wkd@&J
ta&Sajrmufppfa'o vGwaf jrmufe,fajr ykrd u
dk s,jf yef@vmcJo
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vSeaf &;tzGJ tpnf;aygi;f pkw
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yJcl;kd;r Auy A[kd[m ppftpkd;&&Jxkd;ppfukd &ifqkdifwkdufckduf&if; qufvuf wkdufyGJqifqJjzpfayr,fh
tiftm;t&/ ppftpkd;&&J ppfwyftiftm;eJ@ E_dif;,SOf&if tifrwef uGm;jcm; enf;yg;ae+yDjzpfygw,f?
k;d rwa=umrSm&Sw
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d mom enf;yg;ae+yDjzpfygw,f? jrpf0u|e;f ay:
rSm&SdwJh Auy eJ@ r'nw tiftm;[mvnf; wjznf;jznf; ,kwfavsmhae+yDjzpfygw,f?
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62 ckEpS /f Zlvidk f (4) &ufae@uae 71 ckEpS /f {+yD (30) txd &SpEf pS af usmf uk;d ESpw
f mv[m rqvygw&D J
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wmxuf tcGifhta&;&rvm;vkd@ 0ifvmwm/ r0if&if tvkyftukdiftwGuf tqifrajyjzpfEkdifvkd@
0ifvmwmawGu trsm;pk}uD;jzpfygw,f? yxrt}udrn
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yxrt}udrf rqvnDvmcHuae pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;awGukdvnf; pwifcsrSwfvkdufygw,f?
ygwD&J OD;aqmifr_eJ@ ESpfwkdESpf&Snf pDrHudef;awG taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufoGm;zkd@vkd@qkdygw,f?
ESp&f n
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H ed ;f ukd 1971-72 rS 1974-75 txd owfrw
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pDrHudef;awGeJ@tnD utvkduf taumiftxnfazmfoGm;a&;rSm 1970 jynfhESpf or0g,rpDrH
udef; qkdwmukdvnf; csrSwfxm;+yD;jzpfygw,f? 1970 jynfhESpf or0g,rpDrHudef; [m pDrHudef;
396
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H ed ;f eJ@qufpyf+yD; taumiftxnfazmfa&;jzpfygw,f? 1970 jynfEh pS f or0g,rpDrH
ude;f &Jzefw;D &Siu
f awmh/ yrnwxJuae rqvxJa&mufvmcJw
h hJ OD;b+ird f vk@d tqk&d ydS gw,f? OD;b+ird f
[m rqv&J pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m yka&m[dwfwOD;tjzpf OD;OD;zsm;zsm; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f?
rqv&J yxrt}udrfnDvmcH}uD;t+yD;rSmawmh rqvygwD[m OD;aqmifygwD}uD;tjzpf
ykd+yD; toHjrnfvmcJhovkd ykd+yD;ta&;ygwJh omefukdvnf; wkd;wkd;+yD; toGifaqmifvmcJhygw,f?
62 ckEpS f tm%modr;f csed u
f p+yD;/ 71 ckEpS x
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f mumvvk;H vk;H bmpD;yGm;a&;ay:
vpDrS wdwdususr&SdyJ vufwnfhprf; &rf;}udwfenf;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wckvkH;ukd ukdifwG,fvkyf
aqmif taumiftxnfazmfae&muae/ 1971-72 up+yD;rS ESpfwkdESpf&Snf pDrHudef;awGeJ@oGm;zkd@
wenf;tm;jzifh pDrHudef;pD;yGm;a&;pepf eJ@oGm;zkd@ pwifjzpfay:vmcJhygw,f?
Ekid if aH wmfzJG pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'r&Syd J wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyf Akv
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Hk ajcOya'opf ay:xGe;f
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tajccHOya'opf (rl=urf;) a&;qGJa&;aumfrD&Sif ukd zGJpnf;a=unmygw,f? OuUtjzpf Akdvfr;csKyf
pef;,k jzpf+yD;/ twGif;a&;r;tjzpf (3) OD;uawmh Akdvfr;}uD;oef;pdef/ 'kAkdvfr;}uD;xGef;vif; eJ@ 'kAkdvfr;
}uD;ausmfaZm wkd@jzpf=uygw,f? trsm;pkuawmh ppfwyfu Akdvfr;}uD;/ 'kAkdvfr;}uD;awGjzpf=uyg
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tm;jzifh apm[efwmomar$;/ &Jabmfjr/ ocifwifjr pwJholawGjzpfygw,f?
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&Sdae+yD;jzpfygw,f? tJ'D aemufwkd;awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifawGuawmh Akdvfr;}uD;vGef;wif/
Akdvfr;}uD;aomif;'ef (av)/ Akdvfr;}uD;armifvGif eJ@ Akdvfr;}uD;wifOD; wkd@jzpf=uygw,f? 1971 ckESpf
rSmawmh ppftyk pf k xdyo
f ;D }uD;awGcsn;f pkxm;ovkjd zpfaewmukd ykzH suzf @dk a&m/ rqv twGuf aumif;
usKd;yolawGukd ajrmufpm;zkd@twGufyg t&yfom;xJu yk*~KdvfawGukdvnf; xnfhoGif;zJG@pnf;vmcJhyg
w,f? tJ'ga=umifh 1971 ckESpf/ Zlvkdifvup+yD; EkdifiHawmf&J tjrifhqkH; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtzGJ
tpnf;rSm tzGJ0ifjzpfvmcJholawGuawmh a'gufwmarmifarmif/ OD;b+idrf/ OD;b+idrf; eJ@ ref;omrdif
wkd@jzpf=uygw,f?
Hk ajccHOya'opf (rl=urf;) a&;qGaJ &;aumfr&D iS [
f m rl=urf;a&;qGaJ &;aumfrw
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(9) &yf zJGpnf;+yD; pwifa&;qGJygw,f? yxrt}udrf rqvygwDnDvmcHuae csrSwfay;xm;wJh
tajccHrl (6) csuq
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397
0if;wihfxGef;
rvma&;twGuf ppfAkdvfxdyfoD;}uD;awGukd,fwkdifu aumfrDwDwkdif;rSmyg0if+yD; teD;uyfuGyfuJ OD;pD;

xm;+yD;jzpfygw,f?
wckwnf;aom rqv ygwu
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h +dk yD; ul;ajymif;zGJ pnf;aecsed /f zJG pnf;tkyf
csKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'opf}uD;ukv
d nf; pwifypka&;qGaJ ecsed /f pDru
H ed ;f pD;yGm;a&;pepf}uD;ukd csrw
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ESpf&Snf pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;awGtwGuf yxr (4) ESpfpDrHudef; &J yxrESpftwGuf wmpl taumif
txnfazmfpyaecsed rf mS ppftpk;d &&J t"dueHygwf (1) twku
d t
f cH Auy qDuae ppfa&;t& tm;prf;
r_}uD;wck ay:xGufvmcJhygw,f? yJcl;kd;r A[kd Auy qDuvmwmr[kwfbJ ta&Sajrmufppfa'o
Auy rsm;qDuvmwJh ppfqifr}_ u;D jzpfygw,f? tJ'guawmh uGr;f vkH &uf (40) wku
d yf }JG u;D ay:ayguf
vmjcif;jzpfygw,f?
tJ'D uGrfvkH &uf (40) wkdufyGJ}uD;ray:aygufrD ppftpkd;& t=uyftwnf;awGcJh&wJh wkdufyGJ
wckuawmh ukdukd;u|ef; tpmiwfcHwkdufyJG}uD; jzpfygw,f? vufeufukdifwkdufyGJ r[kwfayr,fh
ppftpkd;&tzkd@ b,fvkdajz&Sif;&rSef;rodEkdifawmhavmufatmif tcuftcJuHcJh&ygw,f? ppftpkd;&&J
&uf&ufpufpuf ,kwf,kwfrmrm yvkyfxm;cJhwJh ukdukd;u|ef;tusOf;axmifpcef;xJuae tpkd;&&J
&ufpuf,kwfrmr_awGukd tHwk+yD; pdefac:wkdufyGJqifvkdufwJh ukdukd;u|ef;a&muf EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
rsm;&J tusOf;axmifwGif;wkdufyGJ}uD; jzpfygw,f? tusOf;axmifwGif;wkdufyJG&J tjrifhqkH;omef
jzpfwJh tpmiwfcHwkdufyGJ jzpfkHru/ ukdukd;u|ef;tusOf;pcef;ukd zsufodrf;ray;rjcif; wa,muf
rusef tpmiwfcH taocHwu
dk yf 0JG ifomG ;r,fqw
dk hJ tjrihq
f ;Hk wku
d yf }JG uD;jzpfygw,f? uku
d ;dk u|e;f yk@d c&H wJh
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG[m ppftpkd;&&J rw&m;ojzifh zdESdyfr_ukd +idrfcHaecJh=uwmr[kwfyJ (7) &uf/
(27) &uf/ &uf (40) pwJh tpmiwfcHwkdufyGJawGeJ@ t}udrf}udrf wkef@jyefwkdufyGJqifcJh=u+yD;/ u|ef;
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wmjzpfygw,f? u&iftrsKd;om; EkdifiHa&;orm; ref;atmif=unf/ ref;+idrf;armif (,ck autif,lA[kd
aumfrwD0if) eJ@ ukdatmifaiG (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD0if) wkd@vkd yk*~KdvfawGuawmh ppftpkd;&&J
vlrod olrod uku
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=um; v#Kd0Sufr_trsKd;rsKd;=um;uae avSazmifi,fwck jzpfatmifyvkyf+yD;/ yifv,fjyifukd &ifqkdif/
rkew
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f rd ;f ay;cJ&h ygw,f?
atmifyJG& (53) &uf=um u|ef;zsufodrf;a&; tpmiwfcHwkdufyGJtwGif;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD0if
Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om; (8) OD; toufay;cJ&h ygw,f? toufay;oGm;=u&wJh vlawGuawmh (1) &Jabmf
odef;=unf (tvkyform;or*~ - oHv#ifa&eHcsufpufkH)/ (2) &JabmftkH;armf (wyfrawmf-a&)/
398
0if;wihfxGef;
(3) &JabmfcspfaqG (Auo/ jynf)/ (4) &JabmfxGef;jrifh (tr_xrf;or*~)/ (5) &Jabmfpdefcsif; (tvkyfo
rm;or*~-oHv#ifa&eHcsufpufkH)/ (6) &Jabmfav;armif (Auo-ref;wuUokdvf)/ (7) &Jabmfarmif
armifpkd; (ausmif;om;)/ (8) &JabmfxGef;0if; (wyfrawmf-av) wkd@jzpf=uygw,f?
tpmiwfcHwkdufyGJa=umifh toufraoqkH;vkduf&ayr,fh t}uD;tus,fa0'emcHpm;&+yD;/
woufvkH; 'kuQdwjzpfoGm;&ol/ emwm&SnfjzpfoGm;&olawGvnf; &SdcJhygw,f? 0g;c,fr OD;wif&D/
bkduav; ukdvS=unf (Auo)/ okH;cGukdpdef0if; (Auo) wkd@awGjzpf=uygw,f?
ppftpkd;&u ukdukd;u|ef;ukd zsufodrf;ay;vkduf&+yD;/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH;ukd jynfr
tusOf;axmif (tif;pdefaxmif) ukd jyefykd@ay;cJh&ygw,f? tif;pdefaxmifuae (4) okwfcGJ+yD; jyefv$wf
ay;cJh&ygw,f? 1973 ckESpf/ {+yDvxJrSm aemufqkH;tokwftjzpf jyefv$wfay;cJhygw,f?
1971 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbm (13) &ufae@ ukdukd;u|ef;tusOf;axmif zsufodrf;ay;vkduf&wJh/ Arm
jynfueG jf rLepfygw0D if Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awG&J wku
d yf t
JG +yD; &ufyidk ;f twGi;f rSmay:ayguv
f mcJw
h mu
awmh ta&Sajrmufppfa'o Auy &J uGrf;vkH &uf (40) wkdufyGJ}uD; yJjzpfygw,f?
uGrf;vkH &uf (40) wkdufyGJ}uD;[m 71 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbm (19) &ufuae 'DZifbm (28) &ufae@
txdjzpfygw,f? ta&Sajrmuf Auy wkd@&J oHvGiftaemufjcrf;a'ownfaqmufa&; &nfrSef;csuf
twGuf qifEaJ$ zmfxw
k cf w
hJ hJ wku
d yf }JG uD;jzpfygw,f? Ek0d ifbm (30) &ufae@rmS jzpfymG ;cJw
h hJ emrnfausmf
[kdufurf;yg;wkdufyGJ tyg wkdufyGJ}uD;/ wkdufyGJi,frsKd;pkH jzpfyGm;cJhygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD (ta&Sajrmufppfa'o) bufu wyf&if; (3035)/ (4045)/ (4046)/
(4047)/ (4048) eJ@ wyf&if; (3031)/ (3037) wkd@ukd tokH;yum wkdufyGJqifcJhygw,f? ppftpkd;&buf
tqkdt& tiftm; (4000) ausmfukd tokH;ycJhw,fqkdygw,f?
ppftpk;d &bufu e,fvn
S phf pfAsL[m (1) eJ@ wyf&if; (4) &if;/ a&Swef;trSwf (77) ajcjrefwyf
rXmecsKyfe@J wyf&if; (5) &if;wk@d tjyif uGr;f vk&H dS &JwyfzJG 0ifrsm;eJ@ uk;d uef@umuG,af &;wyfzJG 0ifrsm;ukd
ygtok;H y+y;D wku
d cf u
dk cf yhJ gw,f? uk;d uef@umuG,af &;wyfzJG 0ifrsm;uawmh avmfppf[ef &J wyfzJG rsm;
jzpfygw,f? ESpb
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d yf }JG uD;awG jzpfymG ;cJ=h u+yD; tpk;d &avwyfuyg Ak;H }uJ0ifa&muf
wkdufckdufcJhygw,f?
0ifa&mufwkdufckdufcJh=uwJh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o Auy rsm; uGrf;vkH uae qkwfcGmoGm;
cJah yr,fh ta&Sajrmufppfa'o Auy rsm;&J tiftm;wk;d yGm;vmr_tay: ppftpk;d &taeESihf ezl;awG/
'l;awG uHqkH&ifqkdif&if; rsufvkH;jyL;p&m tajctaejzpfvmcJhygw,f? txl;ojzifh wkwfjynfu
D dk Ekid if aH &;t& axmufcH rHk u/ vkt
d yfwhJ ppfqifa&;tultnDawGyg tjynfh
t0 ay;vmwmtay: t}uD;tus,f pk;d &drpf w
d yf pl &mjzpfvmcJyh gw,f? txl;ojzifh yJc;l k;d r Auy
A[ked @J ta&Sajrmuf Auy vGwfjrmufe,fajr wqufwnf; vrf;a=umif;yGifhoGm;rSm wkefv_yfp&m
jzpfvmygw,f?
AD,uferfrSm ajrmufAD,uferf eJ@ awmifAD,uferf [kdcsDrif;vrf;a=umif; yGifhoGm;cJhovkdrsKd;/
yJcl;kd;r eJ@ ta&S@ajrmufppfa'ovrf;a=umif; yGifhoGm;rSm xdef@vef@wkefv_yfvmygw,f? 'ga=umifh
&mxl;uae uefxw
k yf pfjcif;cHxm;&wJh Akv
d cf sKyfr; a[mif; atmif}uD; vkv
d u
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[kdcsDrif;vrf;a=umif;}uD;awmh yGifhroGm;ygapeJ@/ wkwfukdoGm;awmif;yefyg? a=u&ma=ua=umif; ud;
399
0if;wihfxGef;
yrf;yg? tJh'DtwGuf olukdv$wfyg? oloGm;+yD; ud;yrf;yg&ap vkd@ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;ukd pma&;wifjy

w,fqkdygw,f? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; u Akdvfatmif}uD;ukd rv$wfyg? olukd,fwkdifoGm;awmif;yefzkd@
pkdif;jyif;ygw,f?
uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;&J OD;pD;acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpf/ AD,uferfppfyGJtwGif; E_wfr&atmif
ajcu|Haerd&if; t_H;aygif;rsm;pGmukd ae@pOfuHawGae&olvnf;jzpf/ urBmhAkdvf}uD; wAkdvfvnf;jzpfwJh
tar&duefuawmif wkwfjynfeJ@ oHwrefqufqHa&;ukd jyefvnfxlaxmifEkdifzkd@ ud;yrf;aecsdef/
(1971 ckEpS x
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D ek ;f eJ@ yifaygif
upm;zkd@ yifaygifcspf=unfa&; (wkwf-tar&duefqufqHa&;) ukd ta&;w,l jyifqifae&csdefvnf;
jzpfygw,f?) EkdifiHwumhrsufESmpmrSm wkwfjynf&Jtcef;ukd tar&duefuawmif tav;xm;vm
&csdefrSm tdrfeD;em;csif;EkdifiHjzpfwJh Armjynftzkd@ ykdvkd@awmif ta&;}uD;w,fqkdwm oabmayguf&if;/
vufawGt& ykyd +dk y;D wkev
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d cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;[m wkwjf ynfudk oGm;a&muf rsuEf mS csKad oG;zk@d
tpGrf;ukefjyifqifygw,f?
1971 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (6) &ufae@rSm/ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; ukd,fwkdif wkwfjynfukdoGm;+yD;
avajyxkd;c&D; taumiftxnfazmfygw,f?
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pwifazmfaqmifygw,f? AsLkdua&pDtkyfcsKyfa&;,E W&m;uae qkd&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pD tkyfcsKyfa&;
,E W&m;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfzkd@ =um;umv tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfopf w&yfukd pwiftaumif
txnfazmfwmvkd@ qkdygw,f? tJh'DtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfopft& wavsmufvkH; wnf&SdvmcJhwJh twGif;
0efrsm;kH; ukd zsufodrf;vkdufygw,f? 0ef}uD;XmeawGukd topfjyefvnfzGJpnf;ygw,f? vkHcHa&;eJ@
tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrDwD tqifhqifhrSm rqvygwDeJ@ ygwDu OD;aqmifzJGpnf;ay;xm;wJh vlxkvlwef;
pm; tzGJ tpnf;qkw
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k pf m;vS,f qkw
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wJph epfudk pwifvyk af qmifygw,f? jynfol uk,
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d f pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifr_
pepfvkd@qkdygw,f?
1972 ckEpS /f {+yv
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f ;D taumif}u;D (21)
OD;/ ,leaD zmif;c|wf t0wftpm;vJ=uygw,f? ay:vmvwW@H aom zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'opfe@J
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a&;OD;pD;csKyftjzpf Akdvfae0if; a&G;cs,ftyfESif;xm;cJholu Akdvfr;csKyfpef;,k jzpfygw,f?
1972 xJrSmyJ owif;pmeJ@ *sme,fr*~Zif;pmapmif (50) ausmf xkwfa0cGifh ydwfyif&yfqkdif;
vkdufygw,f? jynfxJa&;ESifh omomema&;0ef}uD;Xmetrdef@eJ@ ydwfyif&yfqkdif;apcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
pmtkyfpmay ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_vkyfief;awGtm;vkH;ukda&m pmaypdppfa&;bkwftzGJqkdwmukdyg
t&ifu jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;XmevufatmufrSm xm;&SdcJh&mu/ 1970 jynfhESpfup+yD; jynfxJa&;eJ@
omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmevufatmuf ajymif;a&Gxm;cJh+yD;/ jynfxJa&;Xmeu wifwif;=uyf=uyf
ukdifwG,fxm;cJhwmjzpfwJhtwGuf/ pme,fZif; (50) ausmfukd xkwfa0cGifhydwfyifwJhtcg jynfxJa&;
0ef}uD;Xmetrdef@eJ@ ydwfyifapcJhwmjzpfygw,f? jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD; Akdvfr;
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ovkd pmaytEkynmavmu}uD;wckv;Hk eJ@ ykEH ydS x
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owif;pmeJ@ tk;d a0/ _a'gi/hf jynfol =u,f/ a&$wl eJ@ owif;*sme,fpwJh *sme,fawGyg ygomG ;cJyh gw,f?
emrnf}uD;*sme,fawGtm;vkH;avmufeD;yg; tydwfcHvkduf&wJh tajctaejzpfygw,f?
1972 ckEpS x
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yxrqkH; tvkyform;aumifpDOuU}uD;jzpfcJh+yD; tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;vnf;jzpf/ awmfvSef
a&;aumifpD0ifvnf;jzpfwJh Akdvfr;}uD;armifa&$eJ@ r=umao;wJhumvurS pme,fZif;aygif; (50)
ausmu
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S af &;xk;d xkwjf yefcw
hJ hJ jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;Xme0ef}uD;
Akdvfr;}uD;pdefjr wkd@jzpfygw,f?
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vSpyf gw,f? A[kd k;d rppfqifa&;XmecsKyf[m txl;ppfqifa&;XmecsKyf jzpf+yD; k;d rwausm&Sd AuyeJ@
r'nw ukd tywfwu
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d rf ; }uD;ciftek ;f ukd &efuek w
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txnfazmfygw,f?
yJcl;kd;rrSm jzL;acsmif;zsm;rSm awmifay:&Gm (7) &Gm/ &JEG,facsmif;zsm;rSm awmifay:&Gm (14)
&Gm/ yJc;l acsmif;zsm;rSm awmifay: (9) &GmeJ@ k;d r0ef;usiw
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d hJ awmifay:u&ifrsm;/ ajrjyef@Armrsm;/ k;d rtaemufjcrf;
csif;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;uvnf; awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawGtay: wavsmufvkH; tultnDay;ae=u
wmtay: rausreyfEidk jf zpfaecJ=h uygw,f? tJ'h ga=umifh AD,uferfppfyrJG mS tar&duefawGvyk w
f ehJ nf;
ukd,l+yD; &GmawGukd csKyfukdifEkdifa&;/ vkdtyfovkd pkpnf;ypfa&;awGvkyfzkd@ pwiftaumiftxnfazmfyg
w,f? awmifay: (14) &Gmukd twif;t"rR ajymif;a&$ae&mcsxm;a&;ukd tpDtpOf&Sd&Sd pwifygw,f?
awmifay:&GmawGtm;vkH; t}uD;tus,f 'kuQa&muf=uygw,f? olykefawGqD pm;eyf&duQm ra&muf
a&;twGuf &GmawGrSm qefawmiftykdrxm;&qkdwJh trdef@csrSwf+yD; wif;wif;=uyf=uyf csKyfukdifwm
vkyfygw,f?
ppftpk;d &&J t&Sed jf ri phf pfqifvmr_udk Auy wk@d &J atmifaZ,swyf/ Auy eJ@ r'nw wk@d
yl;aygif;zGJpnf;xm;wJh atmifEkdifwyf awGu jyefvnfwkef@jyefwkdufckduf=uygw,f?
ppftpkd;&ukd OD;wnfwkdufckduf&mrSm uGJvGJr_r&Sdayr,fh/ tzGJtpnf;twGif;qkdif&m oabm
xm;tjrif uGJvJGr_awGuawmh wcsKdtzGJtpnf;awGtwGif;rSm jzpfay:vmcJhygw,f? Oyrm tm;jzifh
autif,l tzGJtpnf;awGtwGif;rSm &Sdovkd/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif;rSmvnf; &SdcJhygw,f?
401
0if;wihfxGef;
1956 ckEpS u
f OuU ref;bZH acgi;f aqmifwt
hJ zGJ eJ@ Adv
k cf sKyfjr acgi;f aqmifwhJ tzGJ &,fv@dk autif,l
tzGJ }uD;twGi;f uGcJ =hJ ur_&&dS mu 1972 ckEpS /f yJc;l wkid ;f uGe*f &ufrmS ref;bZH tkypf ek @J Akv
d cf sKyfaumfx;l
acgif;aqmifwJh tkyfpkqkd+yD; xyfuGJygw,f? ref;bZH wkd@u AkdvfcsKyfjr wkd@ESifh jyefaygif;+yD; autif,l
wyfOD; zGJygw,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD twGif;rSmvnf; OuU ocifZif/ twGif;a&;r; ocifcspf wkd@acgif;
aqmifwJh Auy kd;rA[kdeJ@ ta0;a&mufaumfrDwD ocifAodef;wifacgif;aqmifwJh ta&Sajrmufppf
a'o Auy t=um; tjrifrwlwmawG &SdcJhygw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtaeeJ@ wckwnf;aom
ygwt
D jzpf wpnf;wvk;H wnf;&Sad yr,fh ygwu
D eG zf &ifh 'grrS [kwf A[kad umfrw
D D pkn
H t
D pnf;a0; usi;f y
yvkyfEkdifjcif;r&SdwJhtwGuf rwlwJhtjrifawG[m oD;jcm;pDvkd jzpfay:wnf&Sdaeygw,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh
yJcl;kd;r Auy A[kdu zwfxkwfowfvrf;pOftrSm;eJ@ *GifxJurxGufa&; ppfa&;vrf;pOftrSm;}uD;
ukd qufvufqkyfukdifxm;aepOfrSm ocifAodef;wif wkd@ ta0;a&mufaumfrDwDu zwfxkwfowf
vrf;pOfukd vufawGvkyfaqmifjcif; rycJhyg? vufcHjcif;vnf;rycJhvkd@ qkdygw,f? wyfaygif;pkudpPeJ@
ywfouf+yD;vnf; OuU ocifZif eJ@ ocifcspfwkd@u r'nw tjyif autif,lu wjcm;vlrsKd;pk
ygwD tzGJtpnf;rsm;eJ@ wyfOD; zGJwmukd em;vnfvufcH oabmwlnDr_&Sdayr,fh/ ocifAodef;wif
wk@d u r'nw &S+d yD;jzpfvsuf vlrsK;d pkwyfaygi;f pkwyfO;D zGJ pnf;wm autJeif ,
f t
l aeeJ@ rvkyo
f ifv
h @dk
tjrif&Sdygw,f?
oabmrwlnDr_tjrif uGJjym;r_awG[m obm0uspGm &Sdae=uwmjzpfayr,fh bkH&efol ppf
tpkd;&ukd OD;wnfwkdufcdkufa&;tay:rSmawmh uGJvGJjcm;em;r_r&Sd=uyg? ppftpkd;&u awmfvSefa&;tif
tm;pkawG toD;oD;ay: wqifw
h ;dk ppfqifwu
dk cf u
dk v
f mr_uv
dk nf; jywfjywfom;om; jyefvnf&ifqidk f
wkef@jyefwkdufckduf=uygw,f?
&Srf;jynfe,fxJrSm &Sdae=uwJh vlrsKd;pkvufeufukdif tzGJtpnf;rsKd;pkH[mvnf; wzufu
ppftpk;d &ukd wke@f jyef&ifqidk &f if;/ wzufu Auy ta&Sajrmufppfa'o ay:xGe;f }uD;yGm;vmwmtay:
rwlnDwJh oabmxm;tjrifawG csrSwfusifhokH;vmygw,f?
ppftpkd;&u zGJpnf;ay;xm;wJh umuG,fa&;tzGJrsm;uawmh t"dutm;jzifh bdef;ukd wkd;csJ
vkyfukdifae=uwJhtwGuf bdef;xkwfvkyfr_ wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmkHru bdef;jzLcsufpufkH awGyg
ay:aygufvmae+yDjzpfygw,f? (ppftpkd;&&J tqkdt&ukd bdef;jzLcsufpufkH (14) kH &Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f?)
ta&Sajrmufa'o Auy }uD;xGm;vmwJhtwGuf ppftpkd;&u ppfa&;enf;eJ@ygru EkdifiHa&;
enf;eJ@yg upm;uGut
f opfawGxiG +f yD; Auy ukd wm;qD;zk@d jyifqifygw,f? vlrsK;d pkvufeufuidk t
f zGJ
tpnf;wcsKdukd zJhxkwfEkdifzkd@/ pnf;kH;Ekdifzkd@ vkyfygw,f? 1972 ckESpfxJrSm autkdifat eJ@ ppftpkd;&
v#Kd0SufawGqkH+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;pum;ajymqkd=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh ppftpkd;&ar#mfvifhovkd jzpfrvmyJ
v#Kd0SufaqG;aEG;r_ ysufjym;oGm;cJhygw,f?
Armjynf vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ a&pD;a=umif;}uD;twGif; rv$Jra&Smifom
a&muf&Sdvm&wJh vuf,mEkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkuvnf; ppftpkd;&ukd vufeufukdifwkdufcdkufzkd@ pDrHcsuf
cs+yD; pwifv_yf&Sm;vmcJhygw,f? OD;Ek OD;aqmifwJh ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwDu Akdvf!kdr_dif;eJ@ ukdpkd;ckdifwkd@
OD;pD;wJh (34) a,muftzGJ[m a&vrf;c&D;eJ@ jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'otwGif; v#Kd0Suf0ifa&mufvm=uyg
402
0if;wihfxGef;
w,f? jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'otwGif; vufeufukdifv_yf&Sm;r_ taumiftxnfazmfzkd@jzpfygw,f?

pufwifbm (23) &ufae@rmS xkid ;f Ekid if H &aemif;uaexGuv
f mcJ+h yD; zsmykcH kid /f bku
d av;rde,f/ u'ku
H ed
&GmteD; ukdif;aomifu|ef;ay: pwif0ifa&mufcJh=uygw,f?
ppftpkd;&u (27/ 9/ 72) ae@uae (21/ 10/ 72) ae@txd owfrSwfxm;wJh axmfykdif
ppfqifa&; eJ@ tjywfacsr_ef;zkd@ vkyfygw,f? axmfykdifppfqifa&;rSm ppfwyfu =unf;/ a&/ avwyfzJG
0ifrsm;a&m/ &JwyfzGJ0ifawGukdomru jynfolppf tzGJ0ifawGtm;vkH;ukdvnf; tokH;yygw,f?
a'ocH &yfo&l mG om;awGtm;vk;H ukv
d nf; uif;apmifch idk ;f / owif;tyk@d cidk ;f +yD; jynfol ppfqifa&;}uD;
vkd@ uifyGef;wyf tokH;cscJhygw,f? ppftpkd;&&J axmfykdifppfqifa&;atmufrSm ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD
vuf,mtiftm;pk&J vufeufukdifwkdufyGJ pwiftm;xkwfr_[m OD;csKd;acsr_ef;cHvkduf&ygw,f?
tJ'DvkdyJ atmufwkdbmveJ@ Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; bD;vif;rde,f/ a0grde,fawGxJ 0ifvm=u
wJh yD'DyD (PDP) tzGJ0ifawG tacsr_ef;cHvkduf&ovkd/ kd;rawmifay:0ifa&mufvm=uwJh yD'DyDu
wufxGef; eJ@ tiftm; (150) avmufvnf; ppftpkd;&&J wkdufckdufESdrfESif;jcif;ukd cHvkduf&ygw,f?
xm;0,fckdifbuf/ awmifil/ ausmuf}uD;bufrSmvnf; wkdufckdufzdzsufwm cHvkduf&ygw,f?
1972 ckESpftwGif; ppftpkd;&u ppfqifa&; }uD;i,frsKd;pkH csrSwfwkdufckduf&&mrSm &efukefwkdif;
ppfXmcsKyfe,fajrxJtxd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aqmif&u
G v
f yk u
f idk v
f m&ygw,f? &efuek w
f idk ;f ppfXmecsKyfe,f
ajrtwGi;f csrw
S af qmif&u
G v
f m&wJh ppfqifa&;uawmh atmifp}uFm eJ@ qifayguf ppfqifa&;qkd
wmjzpfygw,f?
1972 ukeyf idk ;f rSmawmh ppftpk;d &[m olzJG pnf;ay;cJw
h hJ umuG,af &;tzGJ awGe@J ywfouf+y;D
ta&;,laqmif&u
G rf r_ vky&f if rjzpfawmhwhJ taetxm;jzpfvmygw,f? yxrwcsuu
f urBmay:rSm
t&Sed t
f [kef }u;D rm;pGm ysH ES@H vmwJh rl;,pfaq;0g;jy\emeJ@ywfouf+y;D Armjynf[m wku
d f u
dk f emrnf
xGuv
f mygw,f? tJ'D rl;,pfaq;0g;udprP mS txl;ojzifh bde;f jzLxkwv
f yk f a&mif;0,fazmufum;r_rmS
umuG,af &; awGu t"duvkyu
f idk af qmif&u
G af e=uwm zk;H rEkid zf rd & ay:vGiv
f mygw,f? ppftpk;d &
arG;jrLcJhwJh cGefqm ac: usef&SDzl;eJ@ avmfppf[ef wkd@[m bdef;bk&ifawGtjzpf emrnfxif&Sm;ae+yD
jzpfygw,f? cGeq
f mukd tpk;d &u zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f vku
d w
f t
hJ cgrmS cGeq
f m atmufu 'ktzGJ acgi;f aqmif
usefqk&Sif [m tiftm; (1000) ausmfukd OD;pD;+yD; awmckdoGm;&if; awmckdvG,farmftzGJ tjzpf
emrnfxu
G v
f mkrH u/ bde;f a&mif;0,fazmufum;xkwv
f yk rf a_ wGe@J yg qufvuf emrnfxif&mS ;vmcJh
ygw,f? 1971 ckESpf/ ZGefv (17) &ufae@rSm tar&dueforw epfqif u rl;,pfaq;0g; ppfyGJa=u
nmcsuf xkwjf yefc&hJ +y;D ukvor*~uvnf; ZGev
f (26) &ufae@udk rl;,pfaq;0g;qef@usiaf &; ae@wae@
tjzpf owfrSwfvmcJh&wJhtxd rl;,pfaq;0g;jy\em[m urBmhjy\emwck jzpfvmcJh&ygw,f?
bdef;vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; ta&;,lEkdifzkd@ bdef;&mZm ta,muf (20) &Jpm&if;ukd tar&duefu
qka=u;aiGygowfrSwf+yD; zrf;0&yf;xkwfvm&wJhtxd jzpfvmwJhtwGuf Armjynfppftpkd;&[m bdef;
vkyfief;eJ@ wkdufkdufywfoufaewJh umuG,fa&;jy\emawGukd rukdifwG,frjzpf jzpfvmygw,f?
aemufwcsuu
f &Sr;f jynfwiG ;f &Sd umuG,af &;awG[m &Sr;f vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;tif;tm;pkawGe@J
qufpyfywfoufvm=uwmawGtay:rSmvnf; ppftpkd;&tzkd@ pkd;&drfp&mjzpfvmovkd/ xkdif;EkdifiHrSm
tajcpkdufwJh OD;Ek &J yD'DyDukd rlvvuf&if; ukd;uef@umuG,fa&;acgif;aqmifa[mif; *sifrD,ef; yg0if
403
0if;wihfxGef;
qufpyfvm+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf umuG,fa&;tzGJawGtay: tcsdefrSD wpkHw&mvkyfzkd@vkdvm+yDvkd@ wGuf

csujf yifqifvmyk&H ygw,f? 1972 xJrmS 0 e,frmS &Sw
d hJ r[mqef acgi;f aqmifwhJ umuG,af &;tzGJ ukd
vufeufzwfxw
k zf @dk vkyw
f t
hJ cgrmS vnf;/ uGejf rLepfuv
dk nf; qef@usi/f vufeuftzwfvnf;rcHEidk f
wJh r[mqef [m ppftpkd;&ukdqef@usif+yD; awmckdtzGJtjzpf cH,loGm;cJhygw,f?
1973 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D (5) &ufae@rSm ta&Sajrmufwkdif;ppfXmecsKyfrSm wkdif;r;/ wyfrr;/
wyf&if;r;awGyg0ifwJh tpnf;ta0;usif;yygw,f? (6) &ufae@rSm ta&Sajrmufwkdif;ppfXmecsKyf
e,fajrtwGif;&Sd umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ (23) zGJvkH;ukd ac:,l+yD; vufeuftyfESHa&;eJ@ tzGJawGzsufodrf;
a&;ukd vkyfygw,f?
ppftpkd;&ukd,fwkdif&J w&m;0if pm&if;xkwfjyefcsuft& umuG,fa&;tzGJaygif; (23) zGJ/
vltiftm; (4211) a,muf/ vufeufta&twGuf (3228) vuf&Sd&mrSm/ {+yDv (30) &ufae@txd
tpkd;&qD w&m;0if vma&mufowif;ykd@ tyfESH=uwmu vltiftm; (2377) a,mufeJ@ vufeuft
a&twGuf (1980) vufyJ&SdcJh+yD; usefta&twGuf[m awmckdoGm;=uw,fqkdygw,f?
awmckdoGm;=uwJh umuG,fa&;wyfawGxJrSm avmfppf[efacgif;aqmifwJh ukd;uef@umuG,f
a&;tzGJ[m t}uD;qkH;jzpfygw,f? tpkd;&tqkdt& awmckdoGm;=uwJh umuG,fa&;tzGJawGuawmh
(1) avmfppf[efacgif;aqmifwJh ukd;uef@umuG,fa&;tzGJ/ tiftm; (800) cef@/
(2) erfhu|rf;tzGJrS vDzm;rDeJ@ tiftm; (200) cef@/
(3) vG,fyif&JtzGJrS vDcsdefusifeJ@ tiftm; (45) a,mufcef@/
(4) wmrkdif;tzGJrS zkH=um;kH;eJ@ tiftm; (20) cef@/
(5) a&mifya&;tzGJrS tkdufaq;eJ@ tiftm; (150) cef@/
(6) refrefqkdiftzGJrS xyf0ef;eJ@ tiftm; (70) cef@/
(7) vG,faq;tzGJrS vifrdef;eJ@ tiftm; (20) cef@ vkd@qkdygw,f?
avmfppf[efe@J xkid 0f rfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJ &J qGaJ qmifpnf;k;H r_e@J tJ'D awmcku
d muG,af &;
awG[m vG,faq;a'orSm 1973 ckESpf/ arv (23) (24) ae@awGrSm tpnf;ta0;usif;y+yD; &Srf;jynf
ajrmufyidk ;f vGwv
f yfa&;wyfrawmfqw
dk mukd zGJ pnf;vku
d yf gw,f? OuU tjzpf avmfppf[ef jzpfygw,f?
&Sr;f jynftwGi;f rSm &Sr;f jynf/ &Sr;f trsK;d om; emrnfwyfxm;wJh vufeufuidk t
f zGJ tpnf;awG
xJrSm 1964 ckESpfuwnf;u r[ma'0D OD;aqmifzGJpnf;cJhwJh tufpftufpfat (SSA) eJ@ 1971
ckESpfrSm zGJpnf;cJhwJh (SSPP) &Srf;jynfwkd;wufa&;ygwD wkd@[m txif&Sm;qkH;jzpfygw,f? aemufxyf
emrnf&Sdwmuawmh (SURA) jzpfygw,f?
ppftpk;d &u awmcku
d muG,af &;tzGJ ukd vku
d v
f w
H u
dk cf u
dk yf gw,f? ppftpk;d &u arG;jrLajrmuf
pm;cJhwJh avmfppf[ef[m umuG,fa&;tzGJtpnf;awGxJrSm =oZmt&SdqkH;jzpfcJhovkd/ awmckd
awmhvnf; awmxJrmS ajcvSr;f us,Ef idk cf o
hJ jl zpfygw,f? awmrckcd ifuvnf; ta&Sajrmufwidk ;f e,f
ajrtwGif;&Sd wkdif;r;/ wyfrr;awGtm;vkH;avmufeJ@ ykvif;wlAl;qdk@vkyfum t0iftxGufwwfoljzpf
cJhwJhtwGuf avmfppf[ef&Jum;vkd@qkd&if b,fppfaq;a&;pcef;rS &yfay;p&mrvkdwJhtxd wefckd;xGm;
cJyh gw,f? 'ga=umifv
h nf; avmfppf[ef[m bde;f ukd vGwv
f w
G u
f |wu
f |wf vkycf iG yhf g0g&cJo
h v
l jdk zpfum
bdef;bk&ifwqljzpfvmcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f?
404
0if;wihfxGef;
1973 ckESpf/ ZlvkdifvxJrSm xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;a&muf&SdvmwJh bdef;bk&if avmfppf[efukd xkdif;

tpkd;&u zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;vkduf+yD; Armjynfppftpkd;&xH vufajymif;vufv$J tyfESHay;cJhwJhtwGuf
Armjynftpkd;&u avmfppf[ef ukd vufcH&&SdcJhygw,f? avmfppf[efukd ppftpkd;&u txl;ckHkH;zGJ+yD;
w&m;ppfq;w,fqw
kd mvkyyf gw,f? (w&m;k;H rSm ppf&if;ppf&if;eJ@ avmfppf[ef&J xGuq
f cdk suaf wG[m
ppftpkd;&wGif;&Sd ppfwyfxdyfoD; taumif}uD;i,frsKd;pkHyg yg0ifywfouf ,SufEG,fvmwJhtwGuf
ckHkH;ukdtjrefqkH;enf;eJ@ tusOf;kH;+yD; zkH;zkH;zdzdvkyf&if;/ 1974 ckESpfxJrSm axmif'%fpD&ifcsuf csrSwfay;
vkdufygw,f?
1973 ckESpfxJrSmyJ bdef;bk&ifcGefqm&J awmckdvG,farmfumuG,fa&;tzGJu aemufvkduf
aemufygrsm;[m cGeq
f m rE aW v;axmiftwGi;f u jyefvnfvw
G af jrmufciG &hf vma&;twGuf enf;rsK;d pkH
ud;yrf;ygw,f? SUA vk@d emrnfwyfxm;wJh cGeq
f m&J aemufvu
dk rf sm;[m awmif}uD; p0fpx
H eG ;f aq;
kHu k&Sm;yg&*l (2) a,mufukd jyefay;qGJ+yD; rE Wav;axmifxJ&SdaewJh cGefqmeJ@ tvJtvS,fvkyfzkd@
awmif;qkdygw,f? ppftpkd;&u bmrSrwkef@jyefovkd vkyfaecJhygw,f? (aemufuG,frSmyJ cGefqmeJ@
ppftpkd;&[m tay;t,l oabmwlnDcsufvkyf+yD; 1974 ckESpfxJrSm cGefqm ukd v$wfay;cJhygw,f?
1976 ckESpfxJrSm cGefqm 'kwd,t}udrf awmckdjyefygw,f?)
1973 ckESpfxJrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD ppftpkd;&&J EkdifiHawmfzGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'
opf (wwd,rl=urf;) a&;qG+J y;D pD;oGm;ygw,f? tajccHOya'opf a&;qGaJ &;aumfr&D iS [
f m (27/ 12/ 71)
ae@up+yD; tajccHOya'opfudk a&;qGcJ +hJ yD; 1972 arvuae 'DZifbmtwGi;f tajccHOya'opf (yxr
rl=urf;)/ 1973 {+yDvrSm ('kw,
d rl=urf;) &Si;f vif;csjy aqG;aEG;r_qw
dk mawG yvkycf +hJ yD;/ wwd,rl=urf;
ukd aemufqHk;a&;qGJcJhwmjzpfygw,f? aemufqkH;rljzpfwJh wwd,rl=urf;ukd 1973 ckESpfxJrSmusif;ywJh
'kwd,t}udrf rqv ygwDnDvmcHukd wifoGif;twnfycsuf&,lygw,f? rqv ygwDnDvmcHu
twnfyay;vku
d w
f t
hJ wGuf jynfaxmifpq
k &dk ,
S v
f pforRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf zGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk tajccH
Oya' (rl=urf;) qdkwm xGufay:vmygw,f?
1973 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (14) &ufae@rSm tJ'D zGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'opf twnfya&;
twGuf jynfvkH;u|wf qENcH,lyGJqkdif&m Oya'ukd xkwfjyefa=unmygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf =o*kwfv
(16) &ufrSm OD;'def&wef OD;aqmifwJh tzGJ0if (26) OD;yg jynfvkH;u|wf qENcH,lyGJ usif;ya&;aumfrD&Sif
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412
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413
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qkdwmazmfjyxm;+yD; EkdifiHawmforwu EkdifiHawmf&J t}uD;tuJjzpfygw,f?
AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; uae vl0wfvJxm;wJh OD;ae0if; [m EkdifiHawmfaumifpDOuUjzpfovkd/
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0ef}uD;csKyfOD;pdef0if; [m 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek wkd@wkef;uvkd tm%m&Sdolr[kwfyg?
1974 ckESpf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'fr (5) rSm azmfjyxm;wmuawmh EkdifiHawmf&J
&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif;[m qkd&S,fvpfvlabmifjzpfw,fvkd@qkdygw,f?
EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;pepf[m qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepfjzpfw,fvkd@ tajccHOya'yk'fr (6) u
jymef;+yD; EkdifiHawmf&J zGJpnf;ykH[m qkd&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pDukd tajccHwJh zGJpnf;ykHjzpfw,fvkd@ tajccH
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jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD[m EkdifiHawmfukdOD;aqmifwJh wckwnf;aomygwDjzpfygw,f?
1964 ckEpS f trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w
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wDpepfukd w&m;0ifjymef;xm;ygw,f? tajccHOya'yk'fr (11) &J w&m;0ifazmfjy jymef;xm;csuf
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awG&Sdygw,f? jynfe,fwkdif; aumifpD&JatmufrSm rde,faumifpDkH;awG&Sdygw,f? ckdiftqifhawG
r&Sdawmhyg? t&if vtu awG&Jae&mrSm aumifpDawGa&mufvmygw,f? aumifpD&J b,fawmif
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avmufatmifr&SdwJhae&mrSm ygwD0if wif;jynfh}uD;awGukd ae&mcsxm;ay;ygw,f? &mxl;ae&m}uD;
}uD; &&Sdxm;olwkdif;[m ygwD0ifawGjzpf=uygw,f? vG,fvG,fajym&&ifawmh ygwDaumifpDacwf
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aumifpDqkdwmawGeJ@ jynfolv,form;aumifpDkH;awG &Sdvmygw,f? 1970 jynfhESpf or0g,r
415
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jrif&h avh&ydS gw,f? ygwaD umifpaD cwfjzpfwt
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aea&;uawmh wae@wjcm; qkd;0g;vmcJhygw,f? txl;ojzifh tvkyform;/ v,form;awG/ atmuf
ajc0efxrf;awG/ acgif;&GufAsufxkd; qif;&Jol/ qif;&Jom;awG&J tajctae wae@wjcm; 'kuQrsKd;pkHuH
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atmifpm;zk@d qefawmif rvkaH vmufwb
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r#ipf ufe@J jrpfi,fr;D &xm; pufacgi;f jyifpuf/Hk acsmufa&eHacsmif; a&eHajrawGrmS tvkyo
f rm;v_y&f mS ;
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tvkyform;oydwf}uD; aygufuGJay:xGufvmaygawmhw,f?
1974 ZG e f (6) tvk y f o rm;oyd w f } uD ;

ZGefv (6) &uf reufrkd;vif;wmeJ@ pufkHtvkyfkHawG pwifvnfywfwmeJ@ wydifeuf/
oydwf oydwf arSmuf arSmuf qkdwJhtoHawG wae&m+yD;wae&m &efukefwrdvkH;tESH@ ay:xGef;
vmygw,f? tif;pdef rD;&xm;pufacgif;kH/ orkdif;csnfr#ifESifh txnfpuf/ tkwfusif; *kHeDpufkH/ qifr
vkdufoabFmusif; wkd@uae &efukefrd&J pufkHtvkyfkHawG xlxyf&m tif;pdefvrf;r}uD; wavsmuf
tif;pde/f r&rf;uke/f v_id /f urm&Gwf rde,fawGwavsmuf/ puft
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awGu OD;pD;+yD;/ tvkyo
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rqvtpk;d &u tvkyo
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416
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=um;rSm wnf&adS ewJh orkid ;f csnrf #iEf iS hf txnfpufrHk sm;a&SrSm ppfum;awG/ ppfom;awG wef;pDae&m
,lxm;+yD; oydwf}uD;ukd zdcGJzkd@jyifygw,f? orkdif;csnfr#if txnfpufkHu oydwfarSmuftvkyform;
acgi;f aqmifrsm;&J bma=umifh oydwaf rSmuf&w,fqw
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usnfqHyJay;vkdufwJh ppftm%m&SifZmwdkyfukd tpG,fxkwf+yD; jyovkdufwJh ESdyfuGyfowfjzwfyGJ}uD;
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jyif;jyif;xefxef ESdyfuGyf+yD; ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fawG toD;oD;csrSwfcJhygw,f?
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417
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ausmfcJhygw,f? (E_wfcrf;ar$;armifvGifa&m/ rsufrSefwifOD; yg AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J txl;a&G;cs,fr_eJ@
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wef;ukd wufa&mufc=hJ uzl;olawGjzpfygw,f?) Akv
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418
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419
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vufeufukdifwkdufyGJeJ@ vlxkwkdufyGJawGukd rSefrSefuefuefaygif;pyf+yD; atmifyGJukd t&,lr,fqkdwJh
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vxJrSm autif,lygwDu paumv,fawm acgif;aqmifwJh (35) OD;yg ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJwck[m
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420
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autif,l[m awmfvSefa&;twGuf tJ'Dvkdud;yrf;tm;xkwfwmawGtxd vkyfcJhayr,fh
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ukd,f tzrf;cH aphpyfaqG;aEG;w,fqkdwmukd auG;a=umf&if; ppftpkd;&qDvmcJh&mrSm zrf;qD;/ kH;wif/
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rqvppftpkd;&[m pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;awGukd rpm;&0cref; auG;a=umfoHawGeJ@twl quf
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421
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443
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ajrmufukd&D;,m;EkdifiHom; ZifrkdeJ@ uifrifcsL;ukd azmfxkwf&rdvkdufEkdifayr,fh/ wm0efayghav#mhr_ pGyfpGJ
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xrf;aqmifcJhygw,f?
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autkdifat tay: tid;eJ@ wqifhwkd; xkd;ppfqifcJhygw,f? OD;ae0if; &J pDrHcef@cGJr_atmufrSm ppftif
tm;ukd tqufrjywf wnfaqmufco
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xnfazmfaqmifpOfu wyf&if;aygi;f (85) &if;yJ&cdS ahJ yr,fh 1984 ckEpS x
f rJ mS awmh wyf&if;aygi;f (136)
&if;awmif &Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f? 1975 - 76 u umuG,fa&;tokH;pm;&dwf[m (91) ukausyfyJ&SdcJh&m
u 1984-85 ckESpfxJrSmawmh umuG,fa&;tokH;pm;&dwf[mvnf; (171) ukaausmftxd
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wkd;ae+yDjzpfygw,f? jynfolvlxk&J zGH@zd;wkd;wufa&;twGuf tokH;y&r,fh EkdifiHhbmaiGa=u;rsm;
[m wae@wjcm; wk;d wk;d vmwJh ppfwyf}uD;ukd ay;urf;axmufy/hH zk@d vu
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wefrsm;jym;vmcJh+yD; aiG;azmif;yGr_E_ef;[m ruHzl;atmif wae@wjcm; jrifhrm;vmcJh&ygw,f?
rqv ppftpkd;&&J t"du OD;wnf&efol[m Auy jzpfygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;a=unm+yD;u
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twGi;f rSm wyf&if;aygi;f (131) &if; a&Swef;ppfajrjyifawGrmS csxm;ygw,f? ta&Sajrmufppfa'or
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444
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jynfrSmvlOD;a&trsm;qkH;jzpfwJh ArmtrsdK;om;rsm;[mvnf; tkyfpdk;ol ppftpdk;&udk qef@usif+yD;
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vlrsKd; awmfvSefa&;orm;tm;vkH;&J A[kdcsufrozG,fjzpfcJhygw,f? awmfvSefa&;A[kd jzpfcJh&ygw,f?
vuf,m EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;&J vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;tjzpf ygvDref'Drkdua&pD
ay:aygufcJhayr,fh 1970 jynfhESpfavmufrS pwifay:ayguf+yD; oufwrf;uvnf; q,fpkESpfwckjynfh
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[m Auy omjzpfcJhygw,f? Auy [m orkdif;tpOftvm}uD;wJh vuf0JygwD}uD;jzpfovkd/ Armjynf
rSmxGef;um;cJhwJh EkdifiHa&;pmayukd =unfhr,fqkd&ifvnf; vuf0JEkdifiHa&; pmayomjzpfcJhwJhtwGuf/
EkdifiHa&;orm;rSefor# vuf0J0g'eJ@ywfouf+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDeJ@yg qufEG,fvm&wm[m
tifrwefobm0uswJhudpPjzpfygw,f? ArmjynfrSm vuf,mEkdifiHa&;pmayqkdwm r&SdcJhyg? urBmrSm
vnf; &Sdr,frxifyg?
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1985 ckESpf[m ArmjynftwGuf xl;jcm;wJh ESpfwESpfjzpfovkd EkdifiHwumh EkdifiHa&;a&pD;
a=umif;twGufvnf; xl;jcm;wJhESpfwESpfjzpfygw,f?
rqv ppftpk;d &[m Ekid if jH cm;acs;aiGawGudk enf;rsK;d pkeH @J acs;iSm;&,lo;Hk pGaJ e&&if;eJ@ auG;awG
ukdawmif b,fvkdjyefqyf&rSef; rodawmhEkdifavmufatmif pD;yGm;a&;t=uyftwnf; qkdufvmcJh
ygw,f? Armjynf&J jynfyauG;+rD[m ukaa':vm (300) avmuf&Sdae+yDjzpfygw,f? ykd@ukefwefzkd;
tm;vkH;aygif;&J 60 ausmf[m EkdifiHjcm;auG; wkd;&if;qyf&aiGjzpfoGm;ygw,f? Armjynf&J t"du
auG;&Sif (+rD&Sif) EkdifiH}uD;ESpfckuawmh *syef[m yxr/ *smr%D[m 'kwd,vkd@qdk=uygw,f? *syef[m
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w,f? Armjynf[m *syef&J jynfyaxmufyhHr_tm;vkH;aygif;&J (8) avmuf&&Sdolvnf;jzpfygw,f?
445
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pDrHudef;twGuf xyfrHacs;aiG rwfaiG (17) oef;,l&jyefygw,f? 85 ckESpf/ ZGefvtwGif;rSmyJ urBmh
b%fqDuvnf; acs;aiGawG,l&jyefygw,f? pkpkaygif; a':vm 3225 oef; jzpfygw,f? tm&SzGHzd;a&;
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460
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cJhwmawGvnf;&Sdygw,f? 1967 ckESpfrSm ay:aygufcJhwJh wkwf-Arm t"duk%f;eJ@ 1988 ckESpfxJrSm
ay:aygufcJhwJh Ak'<bmom-rlqvif t"duk%f;awGukd om"utjzpf =unfhjrifEkdifygw,f?
ay:aygufcJhor#aom vlxkwkdufyGJ/ vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_/ 'Drkdua&pDa&;ud;yrf;r_awGtm;vkH;ukd
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469
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avmufeD;yg; vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;awG jzpfay:vmcJh&ygw,f? &SdvmcJh&ygw,f?
(26) ESpaf usmf ppftyk pf ;kd r_umvtwGi;f rSm jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&; aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGt
J jzpf wjynf
vk;H vuQ%maqmifatmif yvkycf w
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hJ hJ aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGaJ wG[m oD;jcm;pDyvkycf hJ
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aemufw}udrf/ aqG;aEG;r_ (2) }udrf xyfvkyfcJhygw,f? t"du twkduftcHEkdifiHa&;ygwD}uD;jzpfwJh
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ajccHOya'ukd a&;qGJ+yD;/ Oya'eJ@tnD ay:xGufvmwJh tpkd;&ukdom e0wu tm%m tyfESif;rSmjzpf
w,f? v$waf wmfudk e0w uom ac:ay;rSmjzpfw,fqw
dk meJ@ Ekid if aH wmftm%mukd v$aJ jymif;&,la&;
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e0w u vufcHrSmr[kwfbl;qkdwmyJjzpfygw,f?
190 &J &nf&G,fcsufu NLD &J v$wfawmfac:a&; ud;yrf;csufrSefor#ukd jiif;y,f+yD;/
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ajymifajymifwif;wif; ydwfyifwm;jrpfcsufjzpfygw,f? *E<Dcef;rtpnf;ta0;}uD;rSm v$wfawmfukd,f
pm;vS,frsmu v$wfawmfzGJpnf;rSm tpkd;&zGJpnf;rSmukd udwifydwfyifwm;jrpf +cdrf;ajcmufvkdufwm
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514
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Zlvidk f (28) eJ@ (29) &ufae@rmS *E<cD ef;rtpnf;ta0;}u;D ay:xGe;f vmygw,f? OuU OD;wifO;D
eJ@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wkd@ tzrf;tqD;cHxm;&wJhtwGuf ,m,D OuU
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twGuf *E<Dcef;rtpnf;ta0;vkd@ trnfwGifcJhygw,f? NLD v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;eD;yg;
tygt0if/ NLD tzGJ0ifaygif; (500) ausmf wufa&mufcJh=uygw,f? vlxk}uD;u *E<Dcef;r tpnf;
ta0;}uD;u bm&v'fawGrsm; xGuaf y:vmrvJqw
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ukd zwf=um;jycJyh gw,f? *E<cD ef;rqk;H jzwfcsuu
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qkH;xm;+yD;) v$wfawmfac:ay;a&;/ (taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfa&; tmCmwuif;pifa&;rlrsm;eJ@ acsm
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dk pf m;vS,af wGe@J NLD tzGJ csKyftay:
ajymifajymifwif;wif; zdESdyfnpfywf apmfum;wmawG qufwkdufvkyfaqmifygawmhw,f? tm%m
v$aJ jymif;ay;a&;udk jiif;y,f+yD; tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;zk@d awmif;qko
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oHCmhomr*~D/ &[ef;ysKd pwJhtzGJtpnf;rsm;ua&m/ EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;uyg tm%m v$Jajymif;
aya&;/ NLD eJ@ e0w awGqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ukd awmif;qdv
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(2) ESpfajrmuf tudv_yf&Sm;r_awG &efukefeJ@ rE Wav;rd}uD;rsm;awGrSm xGufay:vmcJhygw,f? e0w
&J tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;a&; jiif;qefrt
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w,f? txl;ojzifh txufArmjynf rE Wav;rd[m EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_awG&J A[kdcsufrvkdjzpfvmyg
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acgi;f aqmifwhJ oHCmhor*~D u OD;aqmif+yD; trsK;d om;tusK;d pD;yGm;umuG,af pmihaf &;aumfrwD
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516
0if;wihfxGef;
pufwifbm (29) (30) eJ@ atmufwkdbm (1) &ufae@awGrSm tr&yl& v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f

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EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGukdvnf; tpkd;&&J xkwfjyefxm;wJh 190 ukd vkdufemygr,fqkdwJhta=umif; twif;
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TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvkdufaom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJpnf;&rnf
qkdwmukdawmh vkH;0 vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif;ryyg? 190 rSmyJ azmfjyxm;wJh v$wfawmfukd e0w
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517
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taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;awmif atmifjrifpGm usif;y+yD;+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf ppfwef;vsm;omjyefzkd@
&Sdawmha=umif; jynfwGif;jynfy 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;u axmufjya0zef awmif;qkd=uwmawGukd
vnf; rsufESmajymifwkdufaekHru v$wfawmfac:ay;a&; awmif;qkdolawGudk tm%ml;awGtjzpf
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tpkd;&&J wapmifwnf;aom owif;pmuae ppfAkdvf}uD;awGukd,fwkdif uavmifemrnf
trsKd;rsKd;cH+yD; 0ifa&;=uwJh oa&mfawmfawmfaighawmhawmh owif;aqmif;yg; qkdwmawGxJrSma&m/
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rv_yfyg? tEkdif& NLD eJ@ awGqkHaqG;aEG;a&; vkH;0rvkyfyg? e0w [m EkdifiHa&;ygwD tpkd;&r[kwfwJh
twGuf EkdifiHa&;t& awGqkHaqG;aEG;p&mta=umif; r&Sdbl;vkd@ qkdygw,f?
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A[kd usq;Hk &+y;D aemufyidk ;f rSm/ pckew
f ed @f ,ed ;f acgi;f aqmifwhJ (101) ppfa'o yef0g ukd Auy A[kad &muf
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vkduf+yD;jzpfwJhtwGuf (89) ckESpftukefrSm Auy A[kd[m (101) ppfa'ouae xGufcGmay;vkduf
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topfawGeJ@a&m/ t&ifrlvemrnfawGeJ@yg +idrf;tzGJawGjzpfae=u+yD;jzpfygw,f? Oyrm 0 uawmh
0oy emrnfe@J / (101) u NDA emrnfe@J jzpf+y;D aq;xif OD;aqmifwhJ SSA uawmh SSA
emrnfeJ@yJjzpfygw,f? e0w&J +idrf;tzGJawG ay:xGef;a&;ud;yrf;r_rSm bdef;bk&ifa[mif; avmfppf[ef
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xGufapa&;twGuf avmfppf[ef[m 1982 ckESpfuwnf;u zkef=um;&Sif;xH vl,kHv$wf+yD; ud;pm;cJh
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w,f? e0w tm%mykdifrsm;&J tvtwef;rsm;ukd vufrcHa=umif;/ e0w tm%mykdiftzGJtpnf;
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trsKd;rsKd; zdESdyfapmfum;vkyf&if; jynfolvlxkukdvnf; trsKd;rsKd; 'kuQay;aecJhygw,f? vrf;jyifwHwm;
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apmarmif ukd xkH;apmarmif vkd@ac:oluac:/ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f AkdvfcsKyfr}uD; apmarmifvkd@ vkyfxm;wJh
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520
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zdwf=um;jyowm/ kH;0efxrf;rsm; ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ukdyg r=unfhrae& t=unfhckdif;wmawG
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ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ e0w tzGJ}uD;uae z,f&Sm;vkdufygw,f?
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wufvmygw,f? *dkbmacsmh ywfusoGm;ygw,f? 91 ckESpftukefrSm oD;jcm;EdkifiH (15) EdkifiHtjzpf
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530
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541
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autJef,l eJ@ e0w wkd@&J pwkwt}udrfawGqkHaqG;aEG;yGJtjzpf (21-11-96) ae@uae
(23-11-96) ae@txd usif;yjzpfcJh=u+yD; e0w &J oabmxm;rrSefr_a=umifh bmatmifjrifr_rSr&yJ
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b,favmuf tusiyhf suf azmufjyefc=hJ uovJ/ b,favmuf tusn;f wefq;kd 0g; azmufjyefc=hJ uovJ
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w,f? 'Drkdua&pD tarSmifuscJh&ygw,f?
(26) ESpfwm rqv acwf}uD;uawmh 'Drkdua&pDtarSmifuscJ&Hkru wjynfvHk; tarSmifzHk;
cJ&h wJah cwf/ jynforl sm; 'kuyQ ifv,fa0cJ&h wJah cwf jzpfygw,f? ppftyk pf /k ppftm%m&Sipf epf&J azmuf
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f yfa&;&J t&om cHpm;Edik cf =hJ u+yD;/ jynforl sm;b0 tarSmifxu
J rwufEikd cf &hJ ovd/k rqvacwf
}uD;xJrmS awmh arSmifrkH urJ rGo
J xufrcJG &hJ ygw,f? eufi_d ;f vGe;f vSwhJ tarSmifacwf}uD;jzpfcyhJ gw,f?
vGwv
f yfa&;eJ@twl a&Sqifah emufqifh ayguzf mG ;vmcJ&h wJh jynfwiG ;f ppf}uD; ydrk u
kd s,jf yef@ eufi_d ;f vm
cJh&ygw,f?
(88) ckESpfupwJh e0w-etz acwf}uD;uawmh rqv wygwDtm%m&Sifpepf&J tquf
ppftm%m&Sipf epfacwf}uD;jzpf+yD;/ trdArmjynf}uD;wckv;kH arSmifrkH u rJ/ rJrkH u euf/ tk%rf wuf
Edkifao;wJh Armjynf}uD;jzpfcJh&ygw,f? ppftm%m&Sifpepfqdk;&J qdk;0g;r_/ &ufpufr_/ uvdefusr_/
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wJhacwfjzpfygw,f? Armjynf jynfolrsm;&J qif;&JwGif;euf&r_[m b,facwfueJ@rS rwl&avmuf
atmif qdk;0g;vSygw,f?
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&ifemp&m wnf&Sdae&ygao;w,f?
Edik if w
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rD'D,macwf/ +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ zGH@zd;a&;acwf/ acwf/ acwfvdk@ trsKd;rsKd; uifyGef;wyfajymqdk auG;
558
0if;wihfxGef;
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rGJawr_ edrfhusr_ txifao;cH&r_rsKd;pHkeJ@ aomueJ@ y&da'0awGt=um; w0Jvnfvnfjzpfae&qJ
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&mpk0ufausmf=um+yDjzpfwJh jynfwGif;ppf}uD; &Sd+rJ&Sdaeygao;w,f? qdk;0g;azmufjyefvSwJh
ppftm%m&Sifpepfqdk;&J 0J=oCtwGif;u rvGwfuif;Edkifao;wJh Armjynf jynfolrsm;b0 tarSmif
us+rJ usae&qJjzpfygw,f? EdkifiHa&;t=uyftwnf; pD;yGm;a&;/ t=uyftwnf;/ vlr_a&;t=uyft
wnf;/ bufaygif;pHkt=uyftwnf;awGuae/ trsKd;om;a&; t=uyftwnf;}uD;qD qdkufa&mufvm
cJ&h +yD;/ odyo
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&qJjzpfygw,f?
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rvif;Edkifao;wJh Armjynf}uD;[m tk%fwufcsdefudkawmh apmifhvifhaecJh+yDjzpfygw,f?
tckawmh tarSmif=um;u Armjynf/ tarSmif=um;u Armjynf?
0if;wifhxGef;
(20/ 11/ 2002)
559
0if;wihfxGef;
usrf;udk;
&nf ! e f ; ud k ; um; pmtk y f r sm;
1? udkvdkeDacwfjrefrmEdkifiHordkif;
2? udkvdkeDacwfjrefrmhordkif;tbd"mef
3? ESpf-200jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;tbd"gef
4? tESpfESpfq,f
5? wmaw paeom;
6? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; c&D;ESifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;
7? ausmf+idrf;
8? jrefrmjynfEdkifiHa&;rSwfwrf; (1492rS 1974)
9? wdkif;jynfuEkEk rkefwdkif;uxefxef
10? zqyv ESifh uGefjrLepfygwDwdk@.
tjyeftvSefay;pmrsm;
11? acwfopfjrefrmEdkifiHordkif;
12? vGwfvyfa&;a&$&wk (jynfwGif;ppfESpfig;q,f)
13? a&$jynfawmfar#mfra0;+yDrdk@
14? Adkvfae0if; Zmwfvrf;&_wfor#
15? jrefrmEdkifiHtusOf;axmifpepf
16? *vdkb,fvdkufaZ;&Sif;
17? vli,fwOD;&J rSwfwrf;rJhrSwfwrf;
18? jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;t"rRvkyftm;
19? KNU ESifh e0w=um;awGqHkaqG;aEG;a&;ESifh
ywfoufI KNU . &Sif;vif;csufpmwrf;
20? wyfrawmfordkif; (pwkwwGJ)
21? jrefrmhordkif;tusOf;ESifh wyfrawmfu
(wwGJ)
22? aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf(twGJ30)
23? tm%m&Sifodk@ay;pmrsm;
24?wdk@Armtpnf;tHk;ordkif; (y/ 'k)
560
- Aef;armfwifatmif
- jr[ef
- OD;pdefjrifh
- Adkvfr;cspfaumif;
- OD;Ek
- a'gufwmarmifarmif
- odef;azjrifh
- 0d"l&ocifcspfarmif
- Adkvfr;}uD;a[mif;wifarmif
- vrf;pOfowif;pmt,f'Dwm
tzGJ@
- (pwkwESpf 0dZmpmay;pm,loif
wef; ordkif;oifdk; r 402)
- OD;atmifapmOD;
- pnfolatmif/ armifrSwf
- a=u;rHk OD;aomif;
- atmifapmOD;
- atmifol+idrf;
- 0if;EdkifOD;
- ILO
- KNU
- wyfrawmfarmfuGef;wdkufr;Hk;
- wyfrawmfokawoDwOD;
- jyef=um;a&;Xme (e0w)
- ru'w/ okawoeXmecGJ
- (wdk@Armtpnf;tHk;ordkif;
ypka&;aumfrwD)
0if;wihfxGef;
25? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;odk@

26// ordkif;rSefuluGufrsm;
- q&mcs,f
- Adkvfr;csKyfausmfaZm
t*F v d y f b momeJ pmtk y f r sm;

(1) A Journalist, A General and An Army in Burma
(2) The Shan of Burma
(3) How strong is the military regime
(4) The situation of the elected MPs from NLD
(5) Irrawaddy -
- U Thaung
- Chao Tzang Yawnghwe
- (1CG Asia Report II)
- (ABSDF)
(vol.8 No.4,5, April, May 2000)
*sme,f r *~ Z if ; pmapmif p mwrf ; rsm;

1? jynfol@tm%m rsm; (1985 rS2000 txd)
2? rdk;ud; (owif;pOfrsm;)
3? acwfydif (*sme,frsm;)
4? oEl;xl; (*sme,frsm;)
5? a&$carmufrSwfwrf;v$m
6? rdk;*sme,frsm;
7? a'gif;tdk;a0
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561
jyKpk a &;om;ol . ud k , f a &;tusOf ;

1954 Zefe0g&DzGm;?
ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / a&$bkd rd@e,f/ awm&Gmw&GmrSmarG;zGm;w,f?
1973 ckEpS rf mS rd;k a0r*~Zif;uae uAsmjzifh pmayavmutwGi;f
w&m;0if a&muf&w
dS ,f?
1973 rS 1988 twGi;f rk;d a0/ aomif;ajymif;axGvm/ jrwfav;
r*~Zif;wk@d rmS uAsm/ 0wKwd/k oa&mfpmawG a&;cJw
h ,f?
yxrqk;H vk;H csi;f pmtky[
f m uAsmpmtky?f q&mwifr;dk eJ@ !Ge@f =uL; wk@d trSma&;om;
ay;=uwJh vk;H csi;f uAsm&Snpf mtky?f
Ed;k aeaom vuFmonf (1980 jynfEh pS x
f w
k )f jzpfw,f?
1982 rS 1986 txd/ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;tjzpf/ yk'rf 5neJ@ tif;pdeaf xmif om,m
0wDaxmif wk@d rmS aecJ&h w,f?
&Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfyt
Hk wGi;f ppftpd;k &udq
k ef@usif uef@uu
G cf hJ =uwJh pmaytEk ynm
&Sirf sm;vufrSwfa&;xdk;uef@uGufv$mwif&mrSmyg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhw,f?
ta&;awmfykH}uD; twGi;f pme,fZif;or*~ (,m,D) rSm omref tzG@J 0iftjzpfyg0ifw,f?
Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG ay:ayguv
f mwJt
h cg jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD A[kad umfrwD twGi;f a&;r;
tzG@J 0if (1)/ ygwzD suo
f rd ;f cH&+yD; 0&rf;ajy;wJt
h cg rE aW v;rSma&;om;xkwaf 0jzpfcw
hJ hJ
pmtkyf uawmh 1350 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk (vk;H csi;f uAsmpmtky)f eJ@ e0wppftpd;k &.
vl@tcGit
hf a&; csK;d azmufr_ rsm; (1990) wk@d jzpfw,f?
jynfyudak &mufvm+yD;aemuf a&;om;xkwaf 0jzpfcw
hJ hJ pmtkyaf wG uawmh
1? cGyaf 'gi;f wk@d &@J wGeu
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kd pf ed &f wk txdr;f trSwf
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2? a&$vrD mS odumQ ESpx
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3? axmifpak [mif;udk Ekwq
f uf axmifpo
k pftwGut
f ud (uAsmpmtky/f
Ed0k ifbm/ 2000 jynfEh pS )f
4? oHwikd =f um; auGomG ;&wJh =u,fpifawG (kyyf v
Hk m$ pum;ajy/=o*kwv
f / 2001)
5? (6) wdu
k rf mS avmufuu
kd w
f mcHz;l ovm; (ud,
k af wG@axmif0wWKwdrk sm;/ 2006)
rd;k ud;/ acwfydi/f a'gi;f tk;d a0/ opPm pwJh pmapmifr*~Zif; *sme,f awGrmS uAsm/
0wK/ aqmif;yg;av;awGa&;cJ/h a&;aeqJjzpfw,f?

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