- -

.
x2+x+2=0 , x2+5=0 , x2=-1

, .

( ) ,
x2 = - 1 . i
: i2= - 1

, :
,
0 1

i i2 = - 1
z z = + i , ,

+i ,
.

+i
= 0 ( . 4 = 4 + 0i ,

2
2
= + 0 i
5
5

.o. )

i ,
+i = 0 ( . 4i = 0 + 4i , -5i=0+(-5)i , ..) .
i , .
I

- -

z = + i , ,
z Re(z)
z Im(z)

z1= +i , z2= +i
z1 , z2

+i = +i = =


+i = 0 = 0 =0

;

.

=3,1 , =

17
, <
4

z1 = 2 + 3i , z2 = 1 + 2i : z1 > z2

z1 < z2 .

z1 , z2 z1 = z2 z1 z2 .
z1,z2 z1 > z2
:

( )

( )

Im z1 = Im z2 = 0

( )

: z1 z2 z1 > 0

( )

Re z1 > Re z2 .
z2 < 0 ..

- -

z = + i . :
z
(,)
(z)



x/x .

y/y .

z ,

. z=+i

(,)

+i , +i .
(+i) + (+i)= (+) + (+)i
(+i) - (+i)= (-) + (-)i

- -

+i +i :
(+i)(+i) = +i+i+i2 = +i+i-=(-)+(+)i
(+i)(-i) = 2 - (i)2 = 2-2i2 = 2 +2
O +i -i
+i +i , +i 0
:

+ i ( + i)( i) i + i + +
=
=
= 2
+
i
+ i ( + i)( i)
2 + 2
+ 2 2 + 2

.
: z1 =z , z2 =z . z ,
z = z-1 . z > 1
zo = 1 z =

1
>1 z 0
zv

i :
=4+ , =0,1,2,3
4 . :

iv = i4+

1,

i,
4
4

= i i = i i = 1 i = i =
1,
i

( )

=0
=1
=2
=3

z = +i . z z o

-i . i = + i +i , -i

- -

1) (,) / (,-)

z=+i z = -i

2) z=+i :

z+z =2

z z = 2 i

3) z1 ,z2 z1 + z2 = z1 + z2

z1 = + i , z2 = + i

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

: z1 + z2 = + i + + i = + + + i = + + i = ( i) + ( i) = z1 + z2

H . :

z1 + z2 + ... + z v = z1 + z2 + ... + z v
4) z1 ,z2 : z1 z2 = z1 z2

( ) = (z )

5) z

z z
6) z1 ,z2 , z2 0 : 1 = 1
z2 z2

x2 + x + = 0 ,, 0
2

=
x2 + x + = 0 0 x +

42
=2 - 4
>0 =0
2

2
i

=
<0 x +

- -

x 1,2 =

i
=
2

+
i
2
2

i
2
2

<0 : x 1 + x 2 =

, x1 x2 =

- -

1. = i /
2. z1 , z2 z1 z2 = 0 z1 = 0

z2 = 0

3. z = +i z=0 =0 =0 . z 0 0 0
4. z = +i z = 0
5. Re(z)=

6. Im(z)=

z I = 0

z+z
z+z
= 0 z + z = 0 z = z
, z I Re z = 0
2
2

()

zz
zz
= 0zz= 0z=z
, z Im z = 0
2i
2i

()

( )

( )

7. Re z1 + z2 = Re z1 + Re z2

( )

( )

m z 1 + z2 = Im z1 + Im z2

8. ,

iv = 1 v = 4
iv = i v = 4 + 1
iv = 1 v = 4 + 2
iv = i v = 4 + 3

( ( )) + (Im( z ))

()

9. z + z = 2Re(z) , z-z = 2Im z i , z z = Re z

10.

( ) ( )( )
( i) = ( z i) ( z + zi )
2

z2 + 2 = z2 i22 = z2 i = z i z + i
z3 + 3i = z3 3i3 = z3

- -

) (

x,y , : 2x y + 3x 2y i = 1 5i

+ i = + i = =

) (

: 2x y + 3x 2y i = 1 5i 2x y = 1 3x-2y=-5
:
x = 7 y = 13
2
z = x2+xi-1+2i , x . x
:
) z

) zI

) z

) z=0

z = x2+xi-1+2i z = x 2 1 + x + 2 i

()

) z Im z = 0 x + 2 = 0 x = 2

()

) z I Re z = 0 x 2 1 = 0 x = 1

()

) z Im z 0 x + 2 0 x 2
)

z = 0 x 2 1 = 0
x= 1

x+2=0
x=-2

z z = 0
3
z
:
) Re(z) = 1 ) 2Re(z) - 3Im(z) = 0

) z = x+yi . Re(z)=1 x=1 .

z
x = 1

- -

) z = x+yi . 2Re(z) - 3Im(z) = 0

2x - 3y = 0 . z
2x-3y=0
4
x, y (x+i)2+(y-i)2 = 1

x,y :

x 1 y2
10
+
=
2 3i 3 2i 13(1 i)

(
(

)(
)(

) (
) (

)(
)(

)
)

( )
( )( )

x 1 2 + 3i
y 2 3 + 2i
10 1 + i
x 1 y2
10
+
=

+
=

2 3i 3 2i 13(1 i)
2 3i 2 + 3i
3 2i 3 + 2i 13 1 i 1 + i
2x + 3xi 2 3i 3y + 2yi 6 4i
10 + 10i
+
=

2
2
2
2
2 +3
3 +2
13 12 + 12

(2x 2) + (3x 3) i + (3y 6) + (2y 4) i = 10 + 10i

13
13
132
2x 2 + 3x 3 i + 3y 6 + 2y 4 i = 5 + 5i

(
) (
) (
) (
)
(2x + 3y 8) + (3x + 2y 7 ) i = 5 + 5i

2x + 3y 8 = 5
2x + 3y = 13

x = 2,y = 3

3x + 2y 7 = 5
3x + 2y = 12

- -

i
-i ,
4 , :

:
=i53 +i-25 , B=i3v , v

( )

iv = i4+ = i4 i = i4

1,

i,
i = 1 i = i =
1,
i

(-i)v=(-i)4+=(-i)4(-i)

i53 = i413+1 = (i4 )13 i = i

1
1
1 i
i25 = 25 = 46+1 = = 2 = i
i i
i
i

iv
1 , -1 ,
i , -i
:

= i - i = 0


4

iv = 1 v = 4
iv = i v = 4 + 1
iv = 1 v = 4 + 2
iv = i v = 4 + 3

) = 4 ,
=i12k=(i4)3k=13k =1
) = 4+1 ,

( )

3 4k +1
= i ( ) = i12k +3 = i4

3k

i3 = i

) = 4+2 ,

( )

3 4k +2
= i ( ) = i12k +6 = i4

3k

i6 = i4 i2 = i2 = 1

) = 4+3 ,

( )

3 4k +3
= i ( ) = i12k +9 = i4

3k

i9 = (i4 )2 i = i

z1, z2 :

z1
= i . z1 + z2 = 0
z2

z1
= i z1 = iz2
z2

=0
=1
=2
=3

10

- -

z2 0

( )

+ z2 = 0 i z2 + z2 = 0 z2 i + 1 = 0 i + 1 = 0 i = 1 = 4 + 2 ,

(+i)v
= 2 , = 3

z1 + z2 = 0 iz2

:
=(1-i)12

B=(1+i)7

, =(1-i 3

)9

, =

(3 2i)11

(2 + 3i)

12

i ,

=(1-i)12
(1-i)2 = 1-2i+i2 = 1-2i-1= -2i

(( ) ) = (2i)
6

= 26 i6 = 26 i4+2 =

+i , +i. :
+i = -i2+i=i(-i)

B= (1+i)7
(1+i)2 = 2i
= (1+i)7 = (1+i)6(1+i)=((1+i)2)3 (1+i) =
(2i)3 (1+i) = 8i3 (1+i) = -8i(1+i) = -8i -8i2 = 8 - 8i

:
(+i)(-i) = 2 + 2

=(1-i)12 = 1 i

=(1-i 3 )9

1i 3

=(1-i 3

( ) ( ) = 1 3 3 i + 3(3) + 3 3 i = 8 =
2

= 13 312 i 3 + 31 i 3 i 3

3
3

= 1 i 3 = 8 = 512

)9

(3 2i)11

(2 + 3i)

12

(3 2i)11

( 2i

+ 3i

( )

(3 2i)11

) (i (3 2i))
12

12

(3 2i)11
12

(3 2i)

12

11

(i ) (3 2i)
4

1
3 + 2i
=
=
3 2i 3 2i 3 + 2i

)(

- -

z +i = 0
+i

z = z . m(z) = z z . z = z Im ( z ) = 0 z .
2i

z

z +i = 0
+i

z = z . Re(z) = z + z . z = z Re ( z ) = 0 z I .

( )
( z + i)

w =

( )
+ ( z i)

z+i zi
7

( z + i)
w=
( z + i)

( )
+ ( z i)
zi

( ) = (z + i) (z i)
( ) (z + i) + (z i)

z+i zi

w=

7
z + i + z i

(
(

)
)

( z + i)
=
( z + i)

( )
+ ( z i)
zi

( )

( )

( z + i)
=
( z + i)

( ) = ( z i) ( z + i)
+ ( z i)
( z i) + ( z + i)
zi

w = w w + w = 0 2Re w = 0 Re w = 0 w I

12

= w

- -

10
z * . :
) z =
) w= z +

1
1
w= z +
z
z

1
z +1
Im(z) 0 v =
I
z
1z

1
1
1 1 1 1
) w = z + = z + = z + = + = + z = w
z

z
z z 1 z
z

( )

( )

w = w w w = 0 2Im w i = 0 Im w = 0 w

)
2
2

1
1
1
1
w w = w z + = z + z + = z + zz + z = z2 z + z zz + z z2 z z = 0
z
z
z

( ) ( )

( )(

zz z z z z = 0 z z zz 1 = 0 z = z z =

Im(z) 0 , z =

1
z

1
1+z
+1
1+z
= z
= z =
= v
v =
1 z 1 1 z 1 z 1
z
z
z +1

()

()

v = v v + v = 0 2Re v = 0 Re v = 0 v I

13

1
z

- -

z , :

2
z + z + = 0 , ,, 0

, <0
z1,2 = i
2

z + z = , z z =
2
1
2
1

z+ ,

z2 + z + , ,,
z z , z = x + iy x , y

11
:

) z2 + 4z + 8 = 0

) z2 + 4 = 0

)z3 + 3z2 + z 5 = 0

( )

) = 4 4 1 13 = 36
z1,2 =

2 + 3i
4 i 36 4 6i
=
=
2
2
2 3i

) ) .
:

( )

)(

z2 + 4 = 0 z2 4i2 = 0 z2 2i = 0 z 2i z + 2i = 0 z = 2i

z=-2i

) z3+3z2+z-5=0 -5
:
1,5
1 Horner
:

( z 1) ( z

+ 4z + 5 = 0 z 1 = 0 z2 + 4z + 5 = 0 z = 1

14

z=

2 + i
4 i 4
=
2
2 i

- -

12
z2 z + 2 = 0

z = x+iy . : z2 z + 2 = 0 ( x + iy ) ( x iy ) + 2 = 0 x2 + 2ixy y2 x + iy + 2 = 0
2

(x

) (

y2 x + 2 + i 2xy + y = 0

y 2x + 1 = 0

y=0
x=-

(1) x

(1)

x 2 y2 x + 2 = 0

x 2 y2 x + 2 = 0

y = 0 x=-

1
2

x + 2 = 0

1
1
1
11
11
1 y2 + + 2 = 0 y2 = y =
2
4
2
4
2

z =

()

1
11
+
i
2
2

z=

1
11

i
2
2

13
z z = z 3

z = x+iy . : z = z 3 x yi = x + yi x yi = x 3 + 3x 2 yi 3xy2 y3i

x = x 3 3xy2
y = 3x 2 y y3

(
y (1+ 3x

)
y )=0

x 1 x 2 + 3y2 = 0
2

x = 0 1-x 2 + 3y2 = 0
y = 0 1+3x 2 y2 = 0

( )

x=0
y=0

( )

1 x 2 + 3y2 = 0

1 :

4 :

( )

2 :

1+ 3x 2 y2 = 0

z=0

x=0
x=0

2
2
y = 1
1+ 3x y = 0

x 2 = 1+ 3y2
1+ 3 + 9y2 y2 = 0

z=i z=-i z=1 z = - 1

15

( )

3 :

1 x 2 + 3y2 = 0
y=0

x = 1
y=0

- -

z
z=x+iy
((x,y) ,
x y . H

14
z

()

1
: Im z = 2Re iz
z

z =x+iy . (x,y)

()

1
:Im z = 2Re iz (1)
z

z 0 z (0,0)
:
z

1
1
x iy
x
y
x
y
= x + iy
= x + iy 2
=
x
+
iy

+
i
=
x

+
y
+
i
z
x + iy
x + y2
x 2 + y2 x 2 + y2
x 2 + y2
x 2 + y2

iz = i x yi = xi + y

()

1
y
y
= 2y 2
= y y = x 2 + y2 y
:Im z = 2Re iz y + 2
2
2
z

x +y
x +y

y x 2 + y2 1 = 0 y = 0 x 2 + y2 = 1
z x/x ( (0,0) )
(0,0) =1
15
z :
) z = +2 +(2-1)i ,
) z=1+ +i(2-)
) z =(+i)2 +1 ,

) z =x+iy , : x+iy= +2 +(2-1)i

=x2
x = +2
=x2

y
=
2
x

1
y = 2 1
y = 2x 5

16

- -

z () y = 2x - 5
) z=x+iy . : x+iy=(1+)+i(2-) , :
= (1 x)
x = 1+

y = 2
= (2 y)

: 2 + 2 = 1 1 x

) + ( 2 y)
2

) (
2

= 1 x 1 + y 2

=1

z (1,2)
= 1
) z=(+i)2+1=2+2i-1+1=2+2i

x = 2

z =x+iy . : x+iy=2+2i
y = 2

y
x=
2

y
=
2

y2 = 4x

y
2

z C : y2 = 4x
16

z w =

z +1
.
z 2i

z w I

z = x + yi

( ) ( )

z 2i x,y 0,2

w=

(
)

) (

)(

x + 1 + yi x + 1 + yi x y 2 i
x + 1 x x + 1 y 2 i + xyi + y y 2
x + yi + 1
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
x + yi 2i x + y 2 i
x + y2
x + y2

x 2 + x + y2 2y xyi + 2xi yi + 2i + xyi

x2 + y 2

x 2 + y2 + x 2y

x2 + y 2

( )

w I Re w = 0 x 2 + y2 + x 2y = 0

17

(1)

2x y + 2

x2 + y 2

- -

1
5
H ,1 =

2
2
(0,2) , z
(0,2)
17
z = -1 - 2i , , , : y=x-1
i) w =

z
+ 1 i
i

ii) +=0 , () (z) ,

(z) (0,0) ()

) z (-1, - 2) .
-2 = -1-1 =2-2 (1)

w=

z
+ 1 i = iz + 1 i = i 1+ 2i + 1 i = i + i + 2 + 1 i = 1+ 2 i
i

w ( 1+ 2 , - )
(x, y ) . :

x = 1+ 2
x = 1+ 2

xy=3

y
=

y
=
2
+
2

w (1) : y = x - 3
) = 2 - 2 . +=0 =-2 , =2
(-1, - 2) (-3,-4)
()
()

=

4
3

n =

3
4

() :

y+4=

3
x + 3 3x + 4y + 25 = 0
4

18

- -

18
z
) () z
z =

4
z

()

Im z 0

) z () ,

w =

1
4
z+

2
z

x/x

z = x + yi

( ) ( )

z = x+yi . z 0 x,y 0,0

) z =

4
z z = 4 x + yi x yi = 4 x 2 + y2 = 4
z

)(

m(z) 0 y 0
z
(0,0) =2 , ( )

) w =

4 x yi 1
4 x yi 1
1
4 1
4 1
z
+
=
x
+
yi
+
=
x
+
yi
+
=
x
+
yi
+

= 2x = x
2
z 2
x + yi 2
4
x 2 + y2 2
2

w
(x,0) ,
x/x .
x2+y2=4 : 2 x 2
w
(-2,0) (2,0)

19

- -

z = +i .
z
. (,)

( )

z : z = OM = 2 + 2

1) z = z = z


z , -z , z

2) z = z z z

3) A z1,z 2 z1z 2 = z1 z 2

z1z 2 = z1 z 2 z1z 2 = z1 z 2

)(

z1z 2 z1 z 2 = z1 z 2 z1z 2 z1 z 2 = z1 z1z 2 z 2

: z1z 2 ... z v = z1 z 2 ... z v
z v = z

4) z1 , z2 :

z1 z 2 z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2

20

- -

5) z1,z 2 z 2 0 :

z
z1
= 1
z2
z2

z1 = x1 + y1i , z 2 = x 2 + y2i

1( x1,y1) 2 x 2 ,y2

. :

( ) = ( x
1

x2

) + (y
2

y2

= z1 z 2

zo , >0
z .
z z o
z , zo
z z o =
(zo)

z1,z 2
z
z z1 = z z 2


(z1) (z2)

21

- -

-
19

5 2 4i
,
1+ i

z = (2-3i) + (3+8i) , w =

u=

( 4 i) (1+ 2i)
( 5 + 2i) (1 6i)

, = 2 4

200

z=+i

) (

z
, ,

z = 2 3i + 3 + 8i = 5 + 5i
:

z = 5 2 + 5 2 = 50 = 5 2

5 2 4i
w =
=
1+ i

u=

5 2 4i
1+ i

( ) + (4)
5 2

200

= 2 4i

200

12 + 12

( 4 i) (1+ 2i) = ( 4 i) (1+ 2i) =

( 5 + 2i) (1 6i) ( 5 + 2i) (1 6i)

= 2 4i

= 20

z = 2 + 2

200

66
2

66
= 33
2

4 i 1+ 2i
5 + 2i 1 6i

17 5
3 37

= 20100

20

:

z z 8i = 2 2z i

z = z z .

)(

)(

:
2

2
z 8i = 2 2z i z 8i z + 8i = 4 2z i 2z + i =

zz + 8iz 8iz + 64 = 16zz + 8zi 8zi + 4

2

z 0

15zz = 60 zz = 4 z = 4 z = 2

2 2
=

22

z = zz

- -

: z= +i.

z +i

z
z = x+yi x y
z
z

21
z + i = 2z

x + yi + i = 2 x yi x + y + 1 i = 2x 2yi x 2 + y + 1 = 2x 2yi

x + y + 1 = 2x

2y = 0
2

z =

2
2
x + 1 = 2x x + 1= 4x

y=0
y=0

x 0

x = 3 x = 3
3x 2 = 1
3
3

y = 0

y=0

3
3

.
.
. z = x x 0 , z = x . :
x 0

z + i = 2z x + i = 2x x 2 + 1 = 2x ... x =

22
11

z z 7 z = 1
) z
) z

23

3
3

- -

)
11

11

z 7 z = 1 : z 7 z

11

= 1 z7 z

= 1 z z

) z = 1 z = 1 z z = 1 z =

11

= 1 z z

11

= 1 z

18

= 1 z = 1

1
z

H :
11

1
z7
1
z = 1 11 = 1 4 = 1 z 4 = 1 z 4 1= 0 z 2
z
z
z

( )

z2 = 1

z 2 = 1 z = 1

)(

1= 0 z 2 1 z 2 + 1 = 0

z= i

23

z z i , * . w=

z + i
iz +

.
w I z I

w I Re(w) = 0

z + i
w+w
z + i
z + i
z i
= 0 w = w
=

2
iz +
iz +
iz +
iz +

( z + i)( iz + ) = ( iz + )( z i) izz + z + z + i = izz z z + i

2z + 2z = 0 2 ( z + z ) = 0 z = z z + z = 0 2 Re ( z ) = 0 Re ( z ) = 0 z I
2

24
, , w w =

+
, , 0

24

- -

) , w
) = w I

) = = =
(1)

()

(
(

)
)

+ + +
+ +
+
w=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=w

w
2
2

) = = = = (2)

+
2
+ + + ( ) +
+ +
+

w=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= w

(
(

)
)

25
z z 0 . w = z +

1
,
z

z z = 1

w z

z =1

1
1
1
1
w w = w z + = z + z + = z + z 2 z + z = zz + z
z
z
z

( ) ( )

( )(

zz z z z z = 0 z z zz 1 = 0 z = z
z=z

z = 1 z

z =1

25

zz = 1 z = z

z = 1

- -

,
. :

z = zz = 2 z =

2
z

:
1)

z = z (

2) A z=w

z = w

26
z1,z 2 ,z 3 z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 3 . :

z1 + z 2 + z 3 =

1
z z + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
3 1 2

: z1 = 3 z1 = 32 z1 z1 = 9 z1 =

9
z1

:
z = z z , :

z1 + z 2 + z 3 = z1 + z 2 + z 3 = z1 + z2 + z3 =
9

9z 2 z 3 + 9z1z 3 + 9z1z 2
9 9 9
+ +
=
=
z1 z 2 z 3
z1z 2 z 3

z z +z z +z z
z z +z z +z z
z 2 z 3 + z1z 3 + z1z 2
1
= 9 2 3 1 3 1 2 = 9 2 3 1 3 1 2 = z 2 z 3 + z1z 3 + z1z 2
z1z 2 z 3
3 3 3
3
z1 z 2 z 3

27
z , w z = 1 ,

zw
=1
1 zw

E z = 1 zz = 1 z =

1
z

1
1 zw
w
zw
zw
zw
zw
1 zw
z
=
=
=
= z
=
=
1
1 zw 1 zw 1 zw 1 zw
zw
zw
1 w
z
z

26

- -

zw
1
: =

1 zw

, = 1
28
z1 , z2 ,
) : z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1= 0 z1 + z 2 + z1z 2 1= 0
) : z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1 = z1 + z 2 + z1z 2 1
) z1 ,z2 : z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1= 0

z1 = 1 z1 = 1 z1 z1 = 1 z1 =

1
1
. : z 2 =
z1
z2

) z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1= 0 z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1= 0 z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 + 1= 0
1 1 1 1
+

+ 1= 0 z 2 + z1 1+ z1z 2 = 0
z1 z 2 z1 z 2
) z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1 = z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1 = z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 + 1 =
=

1 1 1 1
+

+1 =
z1 z 2 z1 z 2

z + z1 1+ z1z 2
z 2 + z1 1+ z1z 2
= 2
= z 2 + z1 1+ z1z 2
z1z 2
z1 z 2

) :

z1 + z 2 z1z 2 + 1= 0

z1 + z 2 + z1z 2 1= 0
: z1 + z 2 = 0

(1)

: z1z 2 = 1 (2) (1) (2)

: z1 = i , z 2 = i

z1 = i , z 2 = i

27

- -

29
z1 , z2 , z3

z1+z2+z3 = 0 z1z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z1z 3 = 0 . :

) z12 + z 22 + z 32 = 0

) z1 = z 2 = z 3

) : z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0 z1 + z 2 + z 3

= 0 z12 + z 22 + z 32 + 2z1z 2 + 2z 2 z 3 + 2z1z 3 = 0

z12 + z 22 + z 32 + 2 z1z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z1z 3 = 0 z12 + z 22 + z 32 + 2 0 = 0 z12 + z 22 + z 32 = 0

( )

) z1z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1 = 0 z1 z 2 + z 3 + z 2 z 3 = 0 z1 z1 + z 2 z 3 = 0 z12 = z 2 z 3
z = z1z 2 z 3 . :z = z1z 2 z 3
3
1

3
2

z = z1z 2 z 3
3
3

: z13 = z 32 = z 33 : z13 = z 32 = z 33 z1 = z 2 = z 3 z1 = z 2 = z 3
30

: 2 + 2i = 64

z , w zv = w

: 2 + 2i = 64 ,

( 2 + 2i)

z = w z = w
v

= 64 2 + 2i = 64 8 = 64

3v
3
3v
6
6
2
2
2 = 2 2 = 2 2 = 6 v = 4 ( )

31

z z 2

) = ( z 6)
8

. N z

x = 4

( z 2) = ( z 6 )
8

z 2

= z6

z2 = z6 z2 = z6

z
(2,0) (6,0) . : x = 4

28

- -

( - )
z1 , z2

z1 z 2 z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2

(1)

(1) z2 -z2 :

z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 + z 2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 + z 2

( 1) :
(2)

(1)
z1 , z2 z1 + z2 .
1

.

( )

z1 = , z 2 = () = ()
z1 + z 2 = (O)

: () () < () < () + () z1 z 2 < z1 + z 2 < z1 + z 2
2

:
() = () + () :

z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2

3

() = () - () () = () - ()

( ) ( ) ( )

: =

z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2

29

- -

32
(3,4)
z1
z2 .
z1 + z 2 = 12 z 2

z1 , z2
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2

12 = 3 + 4i + z 2 12 = 5 + z 2 z 2 = 7
33
z : z 1 i = 5 , :

10 z 10 13i 20

) (

: z 10 13i = z 1 i + 9 12i

) (

z 1 i 9 12i z 1 i + 9 12i z 1 i + 9 12i

) (

5 15 z 1 i + 9 12i 5 + 15

) (

10 z 1 i + 9 12i 20
10 z 10 13i 20

30

- -

.
:
1. z z
2. z1 z 2 z1 , z2
3. z zo

>0

z z o = z
zo ( z o = x o + iyo ,

( x x ) + (y y )
2

= 2 )

4. z z1 , z2 , z z1 = z z 2
z
z1 , z2 .
,
.
z 3
4 , z = x+iy ,

.
:
1. z z o > , >0 zo

zo
2. z z o < , >0 zo

zo
3. 1 < z z o < 2 , 1,2 > 0 zo

zo

31

- -

1 , 2
4. z z1 > z z 2 z1 , z2
,
z2
z1
5. H z z1 + z z 2 = 2 z1 z 2 < 2 ,
z1 , z2
z1 z2
6. z z1 + z z 2 = 2 z1 z 2 = 2
z1 , z2
z1 z2
7. z z1 z z 2 = 2 z1 z 2 > 2
z1 , z2
z1 z2
8. z z1 z z 2 = 2 z1 z 2 > 2
z1 , z2
z1 z2
( z2 )

32

- -

34
z1 ,z2 0 , ,
z1 + z 2 , z1 z 2 , z1 + i 3z 2 ,

= z1 + z 2 (z1 z 2 ) = z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 = 2z 2 = 2 z 2

A= z1 + z 2 (z1 + z 2 3) = z1 + z 2 z1 z 2i 3 = z 2 1 i 3 = z 2 1 i 3 = 2 z 2

B= z1 z 2 (z1 + z 2 3) = z1 z 2 z1 z 2i 3 = z 2 1 i 3 = z 2 1 i 3 = 2 z 2
= =
35
, z w z,w 0 .

z w
+ =1
w z

( )

)(

z w
+ = 1 z 2 + w 2 = zw z 2 zw + w 2 = 0 z + w z 2 zw + w 2 = 0 z 3 + w3 = 0 z 3 = w3
w z

:
3

z 3 = w3 z = w z = w OA = OB
= :

z = zw

z
z

zw
z

w
1= 1
z

1=

z
z
1=
z = w
w
w

36
z

i) z 2 + 3i = 2
ii) z + 5 = 1
iii) z = 2
i) 2z 6 + 3i = 4
v) z + 3i = 1+ i
vi) z 4 4i = 2

33

- -

i) z 2 + 3i = 2 z 2 3i = 2 ,

(2,-3) = 2

ii) z + 5 = 1 z 5 + 0i = 1 , z
(-5,0) = 1

iii) z = 2 z 0 + 0i = 2 z
(0,0) = 2

3
3
3
iv) 2z 6 + 3i = 4 2 z 3 + i = 4 2 z 3 + i = 4 z 3 i = 2
2
2
2

z ( 3,

3
)
2

= 2

v) z + 3i = 1+ i z 0 3i = 2

, z

(0,-3) = 2
vi)
37
z

i) z 2 2i < 3

ii) z 1 + i 2 iii) 2 < z 1 + 2i < 3

z 2 2i z 2 + 2i
z
2+2i (2,2)
3
z
(2,2)
= 3

34

( )

) z 1+ i = z 1 i

- -

z (1,-1) .
2
z

(1,-1) = 2
!

)
z

(1,-2) 2 3

38
z : z 3 + i = z + 1 2i

z 3 + i = z + 1 2i : z 3 i = z 1+ 2i .
z (3,-1)
(-1,2)

2+1
3
=
1 3
4

3 1 1+ 2 1
,
= 1,

2 2
2

=

:y

4
:
3

1 4
4
5
= x 1 y = x
2 3
3
6

35

- -

39
z : z 1 < z

z 1

z (1,0)
z
z (0,0)
z 1 < z
z


40
z
z 10 = 3 z 2

)(

) (

)(

z 10 = 3 z 2 z 10 = 32 z 2 z 10 z 10 = 9 z 2 z 2

( z 10)( z 10) = 9 ( z 2)( z 2) zz 10z 10z + 100 = 9zz 18z 18z + 36

8zz 8z 8z 64 = 0 zz z z 8 = 0
z = x+yi , :

( x + i)( x i) ( x + i) ( x i) 8 = 0 x

+ 2 x i x + i 8 = 0

x 2 + 2 2x 8 = 0
x2 + y2 +Ax+By+=0
2 + 2 - 4 = 36 > 0
z (1,0)
=

36
=3
2

z x+yi . ,
, z

36

- -

41
z z = 2 .
w : w = 2z + 4

w = 2z + 4 z

z =2
w = 2z + 4 w 4 = 2z z =

z = 2

w4
2

w4
w4
w4
=2
=2
= 2 w4 = 4
2
2
2

H w
(4,0) = 4
42
, z , w ,
w = z +

8
.
z

=2 ,

z = +i w=x+yi
(,)
z (0,0)
= 2 : 2 + 2 = 4 (1)
:

w=z+

8
z

x + yi = + i +
x + yi = + i +

+ i

8 i

( + i) i

8 i (1)
x + yi = + i + 2

+ 2

37

z , w
C
z
w
:
1. z=+i , w=x+yi
2.
C
(,)

3. z , w
(x,y)
(,)
4. C
,
x y . H

w

x + yi = + i +

- -

8 i
4

x
=
x = 3

3
y =
= y

) x + yi = + i + 2 i x + yi = 3 i
( )

x2
x 2 y2
2
+y =4
+
=1
(1)
9
36 4
w =6 =2 . 2 = 2 - 2

= 32 = 4 2
w

/ 4 2,0

, 4 2,0

2=12

43
z :

((1 i) z 2)

1 3 7i
1+ i

(( )

1 i z 2

(( )

1 i z 2

(1 i) z 2
1 i z

1 3 7i
:
1+ i

1 3 7i
5
5
1 3 7i
1 i z 2 =
1 i z 2 =
1+ i
1+ i

( )

( )

= 32 1 i z 2 =

( )=

2 1+ i
1+ 1

( )

64
2

2 10 5
32 1 i z
= 2
1 i

( )

( )

( )

2 2 z 1+ i = 2 z 1+ i = 1

z
(1,1) =1

38

- -

z
C
z .
C
z :
(z)
, :
min z = d(O,)

min z z1 = d M1,

(z)

,

z = z z1 = M1M

( )

( ) ( )
max z = ( OB ) = ( OK ) +
min z z = (M A ) = (KM )
max z z = (M B ) = (KM ) +
min z = OA = OK

(z)
x 2 y2
2 + 2 = 1 ,

( )

z = , :

) ( )

) ( )

min z = OB / = OB =
max z = OA / = OA =

39

- -

(z1) , (z2)
(,) ,

z1 z 2 = M1M2

min z1 z 2 = 0

( )

max z1 z 2 = = 2

(z1) , (z2)
(,) ,
z1 z 2 = M1M2 :

( )

( )

min z1 z 2 = = d K,

(z1) , (z2)
(1,1) (2 , 2 )
z1 z 2 = M1M2 :

( )

min z1 z 2 = = (1 2 ) 1 2

( )

max z1 z 2 = = (1 2 ) + 1 + 2

40

- -

44
)
z = 2 1 + 3 i ,

) (

) z .
;

) (

) z = 2 1 + 3 i , (2-1,-3)
(x,y) , :

= 2 1
= 3

= 2 + 3 1
= +3

x-2y-5=0 .

z x - 2y - 5 = 0
)

. :

( )

min z = d O, =

0 20 5

( )

1 + 2
2

5
5

= 5

1
= -2
2

: y=-2x
(1,-2) .
z = 1-2i

45
z 12 15i = 8 , :
i) z
ii) z 7 + 7i

41

- -

z
(12,15) =7
)

min z = (OA) = (OK) = 369 8

max z = (OB) = (OK) + = 369 + 8

)
()
z1 = 7 7i

( )
max z 7 + 7i = (M ) = () + =

min z 7 + 7i = M = () = 509 8
509 + 8

46
) z z 3 + 2i = 1
) z1,z 2 : z1 3 + 2i = z 2 3 + 2i = 1 .
z1 z 2
) z1 z 2 z1 + z 2

) z 3 + 2i = 1 z 3 2i = 1 , z
(3,-2) =1
) 1(z1) , M2(z2) . :

z1 3 + 2i = z 2 3 + 2i = 1
1 , 2 )

. 0 12 2

42

- -

z1 z 2 0 2=2

)
1 , 2

z1 z 2

2
:

z1 + z 2 = OM1 + OM2 = 2OK =

= 2(OK) = 2 13

47
w , z : z + 3 + 2i = 2

w 4 + 2i = 3

) z , w
)
=

1 z
+1
z

) z w
) z , w z w :
) )

) z
(-3,-2) 1 = 2 w
(4,-2) 2 = 3
)A=

1 z
1 z + z
1
1
+1 =
=
=
z
z
z
z

z + z
13 2 z 13 + 2

43

- -

z 13 2 13 + 2
=

1

z

1
13 + 2

1
13 2

) () = 2 - 1
.
z w
z w
=22 = 6

) z (,2)
w (,3)
z w
z , w z = w = -1-2i
z w z
z=-1-2i w w = -7-2i
48
) C1 z :

z 3i + z + 3i = 10
) C2 z :

z 3i + z + 3i = 6
) z1 , z2 C1 .
z1 z 2

) z ,E(0,3) /(0,-3) .

z 3i + z + 3i = 10 , :
()+(/) = 10 ()+(/)>(/)
(/) = 6 .
2=10
/

44

- -

) z ,E(0,3) /(0,-3) .

z 3i + z + 3i = 6 , :
()+(/) = 6 .

()+(/)>(/)
()+(/)=(/)


/ ,
()+(/)>6
/
/ , ()+(/)>6
/ , : ()+(/) = 6
C2 /

) z1 z 2 = M1M2

(12) 2=10
max z1 z 2 = 10

45