1

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG
--- ---



NGUYN TH HNG NHUNG


S DNG CHT CHUYN PHA
TR NHIT TRONG THIT B SY
DNG NNG LNG MT TRI


Chuyn nghnh: CNG NGH NHIT
M s: 60.52.80


LUN VN THC S K THUT



Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS HONG DNG HNG


Nng Nm 2011
2

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti
I HC NNG



Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS. HONG DNG HNG



Phn bin 1:..

Phn bin 2:..




Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn
tt nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng
vo ngy..thng... nm.





C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Trung tm Thng tin Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng

3


M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Hin nay, vic nghin cu ng dng cc thit b cung cp nhit
bng nng lng mt tri (NLMT) phc v cho cc qu trnh sn
xut cng nng nghip trn th gii pht trin rt nhanh. Vit Nam,
vic ng dng NLMT ch yu l dng cc h thng bp nu nh
nu n v cc nu nc nng sinh hot. Cn cc lnh vc khc nh
dng NLMT lm lnh, iu ho khng kh, syth cng c
nghin cu nhng cha su v trit .
Xut pht t tnh hnh ti chn nghin cu ti:
"S DNG CHT CHUYN PHA TR NHIT TRONG
THIT B SY DNG NNG LNG MT TRI"
2. Mc ch nghin cu:
Nghin cu kh nng tr cp nhit ca cht chuyn pha (PCM)
tr nhit cho thit b sy bng NLMT. Thit b sy ny dng
sy nng sn, hi sn ph hp vi iu kin kinh t Vit Nam
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu:
- Nghin cu qu trnh tr cp nhit ca PCM. Tnh thi gian
tr cp nhit ca PCM.
- Tnh ton thit k thit b sy hi sn bng Nng lng mt
tri c s dng PCM tr nhit. Thit b gm 2 phn:
Collector tm phng v bung sy.
Hai phn ny c kt ni vi nhau bi knh dn kh nng.
4. Phng php nghin cu:
Nghin cu l thuyt, thc nghim v kt hp cht ch c hai.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti:
ti ny cha c nghin cu iu kin Vit Nam.
6. Cu trc ca lun vn: Lun vn gm c 05 chng v kt lun.
4


Chng 1: TNG QUAN
Nu tng quan v nng lng nhit mt tri, phng php tnh
ton cng bc x mt tri. Tnh hnh s dng NLMT trn th
gii v Vit Nam.
Chng 2: CHT CHUYN PHA V CNG NGH TCH
TR NHIT BNG CHT CHUYN PHA
Nu cc c tnh ca tng loi PCM, c tnh l nhit cn c
kh s dng PCM tr nhit. Chn ra loi PCM hu dng nht
s dng trong thit b sy bng nng lng mt tri c gii nhit
40
0
C 60
0
C, l Paraffin
Chng 3: TNH TON THIT B THU TR CP NHIT
NNG LNG MT TRI DNG TRONG H THNG SY
Tnh ton qu trnh tr cp nhit nng lng mt tri trong
Collector tm phng Paraffin khng kh t tnh thi gian tr cp
nhit ca Paraffin. Tnh ton c th cho cc hnh dng bnh tch tr
khc nhau, t rt ra loi bnh ti u nht ch to thc t. Tnh
nhit lng Paraffin tch tr c.
Chng 4: THIT K CH TO M HNH TH NGHIM
THIT B SY HI SN BNG NNG LNG MT TRI
C S DNG PARAFFIN TR NHIT
Ch to m hnh th nghim gm 2 phn:
+ Collector tm phng gia nhit cho Paraffin.
+ Bung sy.
Hai phn ny c kt ni vi nhau bi knh dn kh nng.
Chng 5. KT QU THC NGHIM
Tng hp cc kt qu o c thc nghim. Rt ra nhn xt.
KT LUN V KIN NGH
Kt lun, kin ngh v a ra hng pht trin ti.
5


Chng 1 TNG QUAN

1.1. TNG QUAN V NNG LNG NHIT MT TRI
1.1.1 V tr, kch thc v cu trc mt tri
Mt tri l mt khi kh hnh cu c ng knh 1,390.10
6
km.
Khi lng mt tri khong 2.10
30
kg. Nhit T
o
trung tm mt tri
thay i trong khong t 10.10
6
K n 20.10
6
K, trung bnh khong
15.600.000 K. Vt cht ca mt tri bao gm chng 92,1% l Hydro
v gn 7,8% l Heli, 0,1% l cc nguyn t khc.
1.1.2 Nng lng bc x mt tri.
1.1.3 Phng php tnh ton nng lng bc x mt tri.
Cng bc x mt tri chiu n im M cch mt tri
mt khong l: E
t
=1353 [W/m
2
]. Khi tia bc x E
t
n kh quyn, mt
phn nh E
t
b phn x, phn cn li vo kh quyn b hp th v tn
x, phn cn li sau cng c truyn ti mt t gi l tia trc x.
1.1.4. Nng lng mt tri Vit Nam
Vit Nam nm tri di t v 8
0
Bc n 23
0
Bc, nm trong
khu vc c cng bc x mt tri tng i cao, vi tr s tng x
kh ln t 4,5 n 7,3[GJ/m
2
nm]. Do vic s dng nng lng
mt tri nc ta em li hiu qu kinh t ln.
1.2 THIT B S DNG NNG LNG MT TRI
Cc ng dng NLMT ph bin hin nay bao gm cc lnh vc
ch yu sau:
1.2.1 Pin mt tri
Pin nng lng mt tri l h thng cc tm vt liu c bit c
kh nng chuyn i quang nng ca nh sng mt tri thnh in
nng.
1.2.2. Thit b sy kh dng nng lng mt tri
6

Hin nay NLMT c ng dng kh ph bin trong lnh
nng nghip sy cc sn phm nh ng cc, thc phm ... nhm
gim t l hao ht v tng cht lng sn phm.
1.2.3. Bp nu dng nng lng mt tri
Bp NLMT c ng dng rt rng ri cc nc nhiu
NLMT nh cc nc Chu Phi. Vit Nam, bp NLMT cng
c s dng kh ph bin
1.2.4. Thit b chng ct nc dng NLMT
Thit b chng ct nc hot ng theo nguyn l: dng
NLMT un nc si bay hi trong mt hp kn np trn bng knh.
Hi nc bay ln s ngng t li v c hng em i s dng.
1.2.5 ng c Stirling chy bng NLMT
ng c Stirling l mt ng c nhit t ngoi dng pistong.
ng c ny to ra cng c hc bng cch dng ngun nhit ngoi
t nng mt u ng c, u cn li ngui v cng hu ch
c sinh ra nh s gin n ca cht kh nm bn trong ng c.
ng c ny cng hot ng c trn nhiu ngun nhit, t
nng lng Mt Tri, phn ng ha hc n phn ng ht nhn.
1.2.6. Thit b un nc nng bng NLMT
ng dng n gin, ph bin v hiu qu nht hin nay ca
NLMT l dng un nc nng. Cc h thng nc nng dng
NLMT c dng rng ri nhiu nc trn th gii.
1.2.7. Thit b lm lnh v iu ho khng kh dng NLMT
Trong s nhng ng dng ca NLMT th lm lnh v iu
ho khng kh l ng dng hp dn nht.
1.2.8. Thp nng lng mt tri - Solar power tower
Thp nng lng mt tri l mt loi l nng lng mt
tri s dng mt ct (hoc dn) thp nhn c nh sng
mt tri.
7

Chng 2 CHT CHUYN PHA V CNG NGH
TCH TR NHIT BNG CHT CHUYN PHA

2.1 CHT CHUYN PHA - PCM:
2.1.1 nh ngha, c im, yu cu.
PCM l cht c kh nng nng chy hoc ng c mt nhit
nht nh no v trong qu trnh th n c kh nng tch tr
hoc gii phng mt lng ln nng lng. Cc loi PCM phi p
ng c cc yu cu v: c tnh l nhit, ho hc v kinh t.
2.1.2 Phn loi PCM
2.1.2.1. PCM thng mi v phi thng mi.
2.1.2.2. PCM hu c v v c
Vi loi PCM hu c th nhit n nng chy, gii nhit
nng chy v h s dn nhit nhn chung l thp nhng tnh n nh
nhit rt cao.
Cn vi loi PCM v c th ng ch l cc vt liu v c
ngm mui v ng dng ca chng trong lnh vc lu tr NLMT
nhng n c nhc im l n mn vt liu.
2.1.3 Vn truyn nhit trong PCM
Ni chung, cc loi PCM u c h s dn nhit thp. khc
phc vn ny ngi ta dng cc l kim loi gn vo ng ng
PCM, ch to cu trc dng t ong lm ng ng PCM, nhi phoi
kim loi vo ng ng PCM, ng PCM vo cc tm phng Trong
phng php lm cnh v nhi phoi kim loi vo ng ng PCM
l c hiu qu hn tt thy nu xt v phng din kinh t v hiu
qu dn nhit. Mt phng php hu ch na l ng PCM vo cc
tm panel mng.
8

2.1.4 Paraffin Loi PCM c ng dng nhiu trong gii nhit
40
0
C 65
0
C
Paraffin l tn gi chung cho nhm cc hydrocacbon dng
Ankan. Cng thc ha hc tng qut ca paraffin: C
n
H
2n+2
. Trong
Paraffin c n = 20 45 l mt trong nhng mi cht tuyt vi tch
nhit, n c nhit nng chy nm trong khong t 47 65
0
C v c
nhit dung ring khong 2,14 2,94 kJ/ kgK
2.1.5 Chn loi PCM tr nhit trong thit b sy bng NLMT
vi di nhit sy t 45
0
C 60
0
C.
Vi cc ch tiu phn tch trn, tc gi la chn loi
Paraffin C
22
H
44
lm mi cht tch nhit
Bng 2.8: c tnh l nhit ca Paraffin C
22
H
46
c tnh vt l K. hiu G.tr n v
im nng chy t
c
60
0
C
Nhit dung ring th rn C
pr
2,9 kJ/kgK
Nhit dung ring th lng C
pl
2,93 kJ/kgK
Khi lng ring th rn
r
910 kg/m
3

Khi lng ring th lng
l
765 kg/m
3

H s dn nhit

0,21 W/mK
Nhit chuyn pha r 189 kJ/kg

2.2 CNG NGH TCH TR NHIT NNG LNG MT TRI
Ngoi cch th nht l tch tr nhit NLMT vo cquy thng
qua cc tm pin quang in th n nay vn ch c thm mt cch
na l tch tr bng PCM.
2.3 KT LUN
- C rt nhiu cht tr nhit khc nhau vi cc gii nhit
nng chy khc nhau v vi u nhc im khc nhau.
- Vi gii nhit sy l 40
0
C 60
0
C, tc gi chn Paraffin
C
22
H
46
lm cht tr nhit nghin cu.
9

Chng 3. TNH TON THIT B THU TR CP NHIT
NNG LNG MT TRI DNG TRONG H THNG SY

3.1 M T CU TO, NGUYN L V CC THNG S C
TRNG CA H THNG THIT B
3.1.1 S cu to h thng thit b v nguyn l lm vic
a. S cu to: (Hnh 3.1)
b. Nguyn l lm vic.
h thng thit b ny, thit b sy v thit b tch tr nng
lng nhit mt tri bng Paraffin l hai khi c lp c kt ni
vi nhau bng h thng knh dn kh nng. C thit b sy ln thit b
tch tr nhit u hp thu ngun nng lng mt tri trong qu trnh
lm vic.
- Khi tri c nng :
+ Vt liu sy c sy trc tip bng nng lng mt tri.
+ Paraffin tch tr nhit nng lng mt tri chuyn pha t
rn sang lng.
- Khi tri gim nng v tt nng vo cui ngy vt liu sy tip
tc c sy bng khng kh nng c gia nhit Collector.
Khi Paraffin s gii phng lng nhit tch tr c cho
khng kh v chuyn pha t lng sang rn.
3.1.2 Cu to v cc thng s c trng ca cc chi tit.
a. Thit b tr cp nhit.
Thit b tr cp nhit l mt Collector tm phng trong c
t cc ng ng Paraffin v c c l ht khng kh vo. Cu to
nh hnh 3.2



10






























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11

1. Lp m tm ph
trong sut
2. Lp cch nhit
3. Tm ph trong sut
4. ng ng PCM
5. L ht khng kh
vo
6. Lp tn bc
7. Khung Collector

4
a
b
1
2 3 5 6
7
Hnh 3.2 Collector tm
phng gia nhit cho PCM
t,
0
C
t
m
t
c
t
0 t
cuoi
,[h]

c0

c1

c2

c3

c4

c5
th 3.1 : th t() ca PCM
Trong
Collector tm phng
thit b ng
Paraffin c tnh
ton b tr theo
nhiu dng sao cho
kh nng tr nhit l
tt nht. C th l
ng Paraffin trong
cc ng di t nm
dc theo Collector
v ng Paraffin
trong khung hp
phng.
b. Thit b sy:
Thit b sy cu to bng khung thp, mi v tng bao bng
knh trong c th hp thu tt nh sng mt tri trong ngy.
Trong thit b sy c khung k sy bng g, khay sy bng li
thp vin khung g.
3.2 M T CC QU TRNH THU, TR, CP NHIT CA
THIT B
th t() ca Paraffin c m t trn th 3.1







12

3.3 PHT BIU BI TON TNH t() CA THIT B
3.3.1 Bi ton
Cho mt thit b thu bc x mt tri tr cp nhit c kt cu
v cc chi tit chnh c trng bi cc thng s m t trn hnh 3.4:









3.3.2 Cc gi thit khi tnh ton thit b tr cp nhit bc x mt
tri
- Collector c t c nh trong mi ngy sao cho mt thu
F
thu
vung gc vi mt phng qu o tri t
- Thit b c khi ng lc = 0, l lc mt tri mc
- Tri quang my, c nng trong khong [(0
n
/2) = 12
h
]
- Ti mi thi im , coi nhit Paraffin, nhit ng ng
Paraffin, nhit khng kh v hp thu ng nht, bng t().
- Cc thng s cho trc l bt bin trong khong thi gian
kho st.
3.4 TNH TON THNG S CC QU TRNH
3.4.1 Tnh giai on 1: Gia nhit cho Paraffin t nhit t
0
t
c

3.4.1.1 Xc nh hm t( ) khi gia nhit Paraffin rn
Phng trnh cn bng nhit:
Q
1
= dU + dI
pf
+ Q
2
, (3.1)

Hnh 3.4 M hnh bi ton tnh t() ca PCM
tf, 1.3
n

()
tf, 0.7
()
cn, cn
D,K,
mphoi, Cvt
tf ,
mppf, Cppf
13

DF
thu
E
n
sin
2
.d =
(m
v
C
v
+ m
phoi
C
v
+ m

C
v
) dt + m
pf
C
ppfr
dt + k
i
F
i
(t t
f
) d

, (3.4)

t : T() = t() t
f
, gi l gia nhit
V t: ,[K/s];, [s
-1
]

Th phng trnh [3.1] tr thnh : T'() = a sin
2
() - bT()
T'() + bT() = a sin
2
() , (3.5)
Vi iu kin u T(0) = 0 , (3.6)
Gii ra ta c:



3.4.1.2 Xc nh thi im
c1
khi Paraffin t nhit nng chy
Tm
c1
bng cch gii phng trnh: T() = t
c
t
f
= T
c

Ta c:



3.4.2 Tnh giai on 2: Gia nhit Paraffin nng chy hon
ton t pha rn n pha lng bo ho nhit t
c
= const

3.4.2.1 Tnh lng Paraffin nng chy.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit:
nc pf
Q r dm Q
1 2
= + , (3.13)
Gii ra c lu lng PCM nng chy lc :
, , (3.15)

( )
a b b
T sin( artg )
b
b
2 2
(
(
= 1 2 +
( 2 2
+ 4

n
c c
b b b
T tg
a b
2 2
1
(
2 + 4 | |
= 1 (
|
4 2
\
(

- ar
( ) ( ) ( )
thu n
c
nc
DF E
G sin sin
r
1
( =

thu n i i
f
i i i i
dt F DE sin k F
(t t )
d mC mC
2
=

dT dt
d d
=
thu n
i i
F DE P
a
mC C
= =

i i
i i
k F W
b
m C C
= =

14

3.4.2.2 Tnh thi im thit b lm nng chy hon ton m
mc
(kg)
Paraffin chn .
Thi im
c2
l lc thit b lm nng chy hon ton m
pf
(kg)
Paraffin chn s c xc nh theo phng trnh tch phn:
, , (3.16)

Phng trnh ny c dng:
( ) ( )
c c
c A B
2 2
= + os , (3.17)
Ta gii gn ng phng trnh trn bng phng php lp vi sai
s tu th s tnh c
c2

3.4.3 Tnh giai on 3: Gia nhit qa nhit lng Paraffin n
nhit t
m
> t
c
3.4.3.1 Tm hm phn b nhit ca lng Paraffin trong khong
thi gian qu nhit
Phng trnh cn bng nhit: Q
1
= dI
pf
+ dU + Q
2
, (3.18)
Gii ra c:




3.4.3.2 Xc nh thi im
m
khi lng Paraffin t nhit cc
i t
m

Thi im
m
khi lng Paraffin t nhit cc i t
m
c th
xc nh theo phng trnh :

, (3.25)


Ta s tm c thi im
m
khi lng Paraffin t nhit cc
( ) ( ) ( )
mc c c
c c
m
thu n
pf c
nc
DF E
dm G d sin sin
r
2 2
1 1
1
0
( = =

( )
b( )
c
c c
b b
sin( artg )

b
a
T
b b b b
T sin( artg ) e
a
b
2 2

2
2
2 2

1 2 + +

2
+ 4

=
`
(
2 2
( + 1 2 +

( 2
+ 4

)
b( )
c
c c
b
cos( artg )e

b b
b b b
T sin( artg )
a
b

2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 +
2
+4
2
=1 2 +
2
+4
( ) dT
d
= 0
15

i t
m
bng cch thay cc s liu cho trc vo phng trnh 3.25 ri
gii bng phng php lp vi sai s tu .
3.4.4 Tnh giai on 4: Lng Paraffin cp nhit cho khng kh
trong thi gian gim nng
3.4.4.1 Qu trnh lng Paraffin gim nhit t nhit t
m
xung
nhit ng c t

= t
c

a. Xc nh hm t() khi lng Paraffin gim nhit t nhit t
m

xung t
c
:
Phng trnh cn bng nhit: - dI
pf
= dQ
kk
+ Q
2
, (3.26)
Gii ra c hm phn b nhit ca lng Paraffin trong
khong thi gian
c3
n
c4
:
, (3.28)

b, Xc nh thi im
c3
khi lng Paraffin h nhit xung nhit
ng c t

= t
c

Ta tm
c3
bng cch gii phng trnh: t(
c3
) = t
c

, (3.29)

3.4.4.2 Qu trnh Paraffin ng c hon ton vi nhit ng
c t

= t
c
=const
a. Xc nh thi im
c4
khi lng Paraffin ng c hon ton
Phng trnh cn bng nhit:
dd kk
m.r dQ Q
2
= +
Gii ra c thi im
c4
khi lng Paraffin ng c hon
ton:

3.4.4.3 Qu trnh Paraffin ngui xung nhit cui t
=
t
cuoi

a. Xc nh hm t() khi lng Paraffin gim nhit t nhit t

=t
c
xung t
cuoi
:

pf dd
c
k i i f
m r

n .k .F (t t ) k F(t t )
4

=
+

( )
M( )
c
m
N N
t t e
M M

3
| |
= +
|
\
c
c m
m
N
t
M
ln
N
M
t
M
3

1
=

16

Phng trnh cn bng nhit: - dI
pf
= dQ
kk
+ Q
2
, (3.31)
Gii ra c: hm phn b nhit ca lng Paraffin trong khong
thi gian
c4
n
c5
:
, , (3.33)

b, Xc nh thi im
c5
khi lng Paraffin h nhit xung nhit
cui t
cuoi

Ta tm
c5
bng cch gii phng trnh: t(
c
) = t
cuoi

, (3.34)

3.5 XC NH LNG PARAFFIN CN DNG
Ta xc nh lng Paraffin cn dng c th tch tr c
mt lng nhit sy cho 1kg hi sn trong 1 gi ng h.
Ngha l ta tnh ton cho mt module.
Sau khi tnh ton qu trnh sy, tnh c nhit lng cn thit:
Q = L.(I
1
I
0
) = 520.(99,42 83,78) = 8132,8 kJ/h
- Nhit lng 1kg Paraffin tch tr c (ch yu l nhit
chuyn pha)
r = 189 kJ
- Lng Paraffin cn dng:


Nh vy, b tn tht ta chn khi lng Paraffin cho 1
module l m
pf
= 45kg
3.6 TNH TON CHO CC TRNG HP C TH


( )
M '( )
c
c
N ' N '
t t e
M ' M '

4
| |
= +
|
\
c u o i
c c
c
N '
t
M '
ln
N '
M '
t
M '
5 4

1
=

pf
Q ,
m kg
r
8132 8
= = = 43
189
Sau khi tnh ton cho hai trng hp l Paraffin ng trong
cc ng di t dc theo Collector v Paraffin ng trong khung hp
phng mng, ta c c kt qu trn th 3.2
17

3.7 NHIT LNG PARAFFIN TCH TR C THEO TNH
TON L THUYT:
q
lt
= C
pr
(t
c
t
0
) + r + C
pl
(t

t
c
)
= 2900(60 30) + 189000 + 2930(88,21 60) = 358655 J/kg
3.8 KT LUN
- th t() trong ngy ca Paraffin theo tnh ton c dng
ging nh m t l thuyt.
- Thi im t nhit nng chy, thi im t nhit cc
i, thi im khi lng Paraffin nng chy hon ton l
hp l.
- Qua so snh kh nng tr cp nhit ca cc dng bnh tch tr
khc nhau, tc gi chn dng bnh tch tr l ng thp en
60/57, trong ng c nhi phoi kim loi lm ng ng
Paraffin trong ch to thc nghim.
18

Chng 4. THIT K CH TO M HNH TH NGHIM
THIT B SY HI SN BNG NNG LNG MT TRI
C S DNG PARAFFIN TR NHIT

4.1 TNG QUAN V K THUT SY HI SN KH
4.2 THIT K M HNH TH NGHIM THIT B SY HI SN.
Yu cu: Ch to mt thit b sy c bng NLMT c s dng
paraffin lm cht tr nhit, nng sut G = 1 kg/h
- Chn dng Thit b sy: Vi nng sut l 1kg/h c lm sch
nguyn con, ta chn h thng sy bung.
- Ch sy: Hi lu mt phn tc nhn sy v pha sau
thit b gia nhit
- Tc nhn sy chuyn ng song song vi vt liu sy
- Mt tc nhn sy trn khay sy: 1kg/0.25m
2

- Nhit kh nng vo: 45
0
C. Nhit kh thi ra: 32
0
C

4.2.1. Collector tm phng.
- Collector c kch thc
a x b x h = 1200x1600x250mm.
Trong c t 13 ng ng
Paraffin c ng knh
60/57mm, di 1500mm.
Trong ng c nhi phoi kim
loi. Khi lng Paraffin l
45kg. Kch thc chi tit ca
Collector c th hin trn
hnh 4.2


1
6
0
0
1200
m
tm
phu
2
0
0
90 90
170
60
Cach
nhit
Tm
phu
13 ng ng
PCM 60/57 ,
trong ng co
nhi phoi kim
loai
L hut
khng
kh vao
Tole
boc
Khung

170 100 100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100 100 100
Hnh 4.2: Chi tit Collector
19

4.2.2. Bung sy.
Bung sy c kch thc a x b x h = 820x420x1000mm. Chiu
cao chn l 600mm. Trong bung sy c t k sy vi 4 khay
sy. (Hnh 4.3)













- K sy lm bng thp, c 4 tng, kch thc mi tng l
800x400x150mm. (Hnh 4.4)
- Khay sy lm bng li thp vin khung g, kch thc
650x400mm. (Hnh 4.4)
- Khong h u k sy, gia k v khay sy l 150mm, vi
mc ch l to ng i cho lung khng kh nng. Nh vy
khng kh nng chuyn ng song song vi cc khay sy v
c dn i theo 4 pass.




Hnh 4.3. Bung sy v kch thc chi tit bung sy
600
820
1000
4
2
0
20

Chng 5. KT QU THC NGHIM

5.1 CH TO M HNH TH NGHIM


























Hnh 5.1a. Ch to m hnh th nghim h thng sy
bng NLMT c s dng Paraffin tr nhit
21

5.2 KT QU O C THC NGHIM
5.2.1 Mc ch th nghim
- o nhit ti cc im trong h thng :
- T cc gi tr nhit rt ra kt lun:
+ Kh nng tr nhit ca Paraffin
+ Kh nng pht nhit ca Paraffin ra khng kh
+ Kh nng sy ca h thng kh nng ng dng vo
thc t
5.2.2 o c thng s.
Qu trnh th nghim c tin hnh trong 6 ngy, trong :
Bin thin nhit ca h thng c m t bng
bng v biu .

22

23


5.2.3 Kt qu sy c.
- Khi lng c a vo sy lc 7
h
sng : 2kg ( m 100%)
- Khi lng c lc 17
h
chiu, sau khi sy c 10 gi ng
h: 1kg ( m 29,5%)
- Khi lng c lc 22
h
ti, sau khi sy c 15 gi ng
h: 0,8kg ( m 14,5%)
Nh vy, sau 15 gi sy lin tc, m ca c t 100% gim
xung cn 14,5% gn t yu cu thnh phm.
Nh vy: vn cn nhn mnh y l lc 17
h
chiu, tri tt
nng, m ca c sy l 29,5%. Ta tip tc sy thm n 22
h
ti th
m ca c sy h xung cn 14,5% v nhit ca khng kh
trong Collector vn trong di t 44
0
C n 50
0
C chng t
Paraffin c kh nng tr nhit tt v c vn c tip tc sy nh
24

nhit lng m Paraffin to ra. Nh vy, kh nng tr nhit ca
Paraffin l ng quan tm.

5.3 NHIT LNG PARAFFIN TCH TR C THEO THC
NGHIM:
q
tn
= C
pr
(t
c
t
0
) + r + C
pl
(t

t
c
)
= 2900(60 35) + 189000 + 2930(82 60)
= 325960 J/kg = 325,96 kJ/kg



Nh vy: : Sai s gia tnh ton l thuyt v o c thc t l 9%

5.4 KT LUN
Vi kt qu 3 ngy o i din cho 6 ngy thc hin th
nghim. Ta rt ra cc kt lun:
+ Vi ngy tri mt, nhit mi trng t
max
= 34
0
C th nhit
ca khng kh trong Collector v trong bung sy khng
cao lm (35
0
C 68
0
C) nhng cng ph hp sy (nhit
tc nhn sy cn thit l 45
0
C).
+ Vi ngy tri nng to, nhit mi trng t
kmax
= 39
0
C th
nhit ca khng kh trong Collector v trong bung sy
rt cao (40
0
C 82
0
).
+ Vo cui ngy, khi tri tt nng (t 17
h
22
h
) th nhit
ca dng khng kh qua Collector vn nm mc 48
0
C
50
0
C chng t trong thi gian ny Paraffin gia nhit cho
dng khng kh. V vi kt qa sy c, trong thi gian ny
m ca c vn h xung thm c 15% cng khng
tn
tt
q ,
, %
q ,
325 96
= 1 = 1 = 0 09 = 9
358 6
25

nh Paraffin c kh nng tr nhit tt v duy tr nhit
cao cn thit trong khong thi gian di.
+ Thi im t nhit cc i ca khng kh trong
Collector (14
h
15
h
) kh ph hp vi thi im Paraffin t
nhit cc i theo tnh ton (13
h
58). Nh vy, cng
thc tnh ton l ng
Nh vy:
- S sai khc gia tnh ton v thc nghim l khng ng k
nn cc cng thc tnh ton l ng, c th s dng lm ti
liu tham kho. S sai khc l do cho vic tnh ton
n gin th phi gi thit: Ti mi thi im , coi nhit
Paraffin, nhit khung ng Paraffin, nhit khng
kh v hp thu ng nht v bng t(). Ngoi ra, cn mt
s gi thit khc nu chng 4















26

KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt qu lun vn
- Tng hp c tnh l nhit ca cc loi PCM v c v hu
c.
- Tnh ton c thi gian tch tr v gii phng nng lng
ca Paraffin trong Collector tm phng.
- Kt qu o c thc nghim ph hp vi kt qu tnh ton
l thuyt.
2. Kt lun v kin ngh
- Paraffin c kh nng tr nhit tt, l mt cht tr nhit
ng quan tm khi dng tr nhit trong thit b sy
bng NLMT
- Kh nng dn nhit ca Paraffin tng i thp. Ta c th
khc phc bng cch nhi phoi kim loi vo ng, lm cnh
trong ng, lm li nhm gn trong ng ng
Paraffinnhng nu cn nhc n tnh kinh t vi ch tiu
l gi thnh thp th phoi kim loi l la chn tt nht.
- Thit b sy bng Nng lng mt tri c s dng Paraffin
c kh nng duy tr nhit sy thch hp (40
0
C 45
0
C)
trong thi gian di. C th l t 17
h
n 22
h
.
3. Hng pht trin ti.
- Tnh ton chnh xc qu trnh truyn nhit ca Paraffin
trong thit b tch tr vi cc loi hnh dng bnh tch tr
khc nhau (ng ngn ng, ng di nm, khung hp
phng)
- Tnh ton chnh xc v so snh cc phng php nng cao
h s truyn nhit ca thit b khi s dng Paraffin tr
nhit ( lm cnh, lm li, nhi phoi)