(data flow diagram)

(Context Diagram)

(Diagram 0)
(Lower
Level Data Flow Diagram)

data
dictionary

5.1 (Data Flow Diagram)

(Data Flow Diagram)

INPUT

OUTPUT

( )

5.2 (DFDs)

(DFDs) 4

62

1. Process

2. Data flow

3. Data store

4. External entity

DFDs

1. Gane and Sarson
2. Yourdon

(Process)

(DataStore)

(DataFlow)

(External Entity)

DeMarco&Yourdon
Symbols

Gane&Sarson
Symbols

5.1

1. (Process Symbol)

Input --> Output

(Process)

(Data Flow)

63

(Process) Input / Output

1 (Process)

(Process)

5.1 (Process)

2. (Data Flow Symbol)

(Process) 1

64

(data flow) 1 (data flow) (

)

5.2 (Data Flow Symbol)

(data flow)

(Process)

(data flow)
(Process)

Data flow symbol

65

5.3 (Data Flow Symbol)

5.4 (Data Flow)

(Process)

(Data flow symbol)

66

5.5 (Data Flow)

(Process)

3. (Data Store Symbol)

(Data Store)

(Data Flow)

(Data Store) (Process)

(Data Flow) (Data
Store)

Dn

67

(n=1,2,3, )

Data Store

5.6 5.7
5.8

Transcript

D1

Tran

Transcript

script

5.6 (Data
Store)

(Data Store symbol)

68

5.7 Data Store data flow

diagram

(Data Store symbol)

69

5.8 Data Store data flow

diagram

5.8

(Data Store) (data flow diagram)

(Data Store)

(Data Store)
(process) (Data Store)

(data flow) (data flow)

4.

(External Entity Symbol)

()

70

5.9

(External
Entity Symbol)

5.3

(DFD)

2
1.

(Logical Data Flow Diagram)

71

2.

(Physical Data Flow Diagram)

physical data flow
diagram physical
Physical DFD

Logical DFD

Logical DFD

Physical DFD

5.10
L o g ic a l D a ta F lo w D ia g r a m

D 1

P h y s ic a l D a ta F lo w D ia g r a m

D1

U P C

U P C B ar C ode
S c a n n e r

U P C

D 2

C o de
2

, , , ,

72
4

L o g ic a l D a ta F lo w D ia g r a m

5.11

Logical Data Flow Diagram
D 1

P h y s ic a l D a ta F lo w D ia g r a m

D 1

U P C

U P C

C o de

D 2

U P C B ar C ode
S c a n n e r
( )

, , , ,

( )

5.12 Physical Data Flow Diagram

5.4

1.

2.

(Context Diagram)

(External Entities)

73

3.

Diagram (

Diagram 0 Parent Diagram)

(Process) (Data
Store)
4.

(Process) Diagram 0 1
(Level-1 diagram)

Level-2 diagram , Level-3 diagram

5.

(Data Flow) (Process)

6.

DFD Context diagram

7.

Logical Data Flow Diagram

Physical Data Flow Diagram

8.

Physical Data Flow Diagram

Diagram

74

5.5 (Context Diagram)

Entity 1
Entity 2

Input A
Input B

System
Name

Output
C

Entity 3

5.13 (Context Diagram)

(DFDs)

1 (process)

(process)
(process) 0

(context diagram)

external process (1 process) data flow (

data store )

Process

(Context
diagram)

75

5.14 (Context diagram)

Context diagram

76

5.15 (Context
diagram)

5.6 (Diagram 0 Parent

Diagram)

(Context Diagram)

(Context Diagram)

Parent / Child /
DFD Context Diagram DFD Level 1
DFD

Leve1 1 DFD DFD Leve1 2

Entity 1

Input A

Data flow B

General
process Data flow C
AAA

2
General
process
BBB

Record A
D1

Data store 1

Entity 2

Entity 3

Record E
D2

Data store 2

Record A
Input B

Output C

Record E

General
process
CCC

General
process
DDD

77

5.16
(Diagram 0 Parent Diagram)

5.7
1.

(Process) Diagram 0 (

Parent Process) Diagram (

Child Diagram)
2.

Child Diagram

Child Diagram
Parent Process
3.

(Process) Child

Diagram (Process) Child

Diagram Parent Process

( Parent Process 3
Diagram 1 Process 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, )
4.

External Entity Child Diagram

Diagram 0
5.

Child Diagram Data Store

Parent Process
6.

Process Child Diagram

78

(Lower Level Data Flow

Diagram)

D1

Data store 1
Record A

Input B

Transaction
record 1
D5
Detailed
process
XXX
3.1

3.2
Transaction
Detailed
record 1
Transaction file 1
process
YYY
Detailed
data flow Z

3.3

Detailed
process
YYY
Data flow D

5.17
(Diagram 0 Parent Diagram)

5.8

(DFD)

DFD

79

DFD

1. DFD

DFD

2. (Process)

(Process)

3. (Process)

2 (Process)

2
(Process)

4.

(Process) 1 2
(Process) 2 10

(Process)

(Process)

5.

(Process)
(Process)

80

(Process)

DFD

DFD

DFD

(Food Ordering System)

Context Diagram

5.18 Context Diagram

81

D1

D2

5.19 Data Flow Diagram 0

Data Flow Diagram 1 Process 1 -

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.4

82

5.20 Data Flow Diagram 1 Process 1 -

Data Flow Diagram 1 Process 4

D1

4.1

D2

4.2

4.3

5.21 Data Flow Diagram 1 Process 4

Data Flow Diagram 2 Process 4.3

4.3.1

4.3.2

5.22 Data Flow Diagram 1 Process 4

83

5.9 (Data Dictionary)

(Format)

1,000
50,000

data repository

(Data flows)

(Data stores)

(External entities)
(Processes)

(Data elements) (data items, fields)

Records (data structures)

84

5.23

5.24

85

5.24 (Process)

Data Flow Description Form

()
Name _

5.25

Description
_

Alias _ ____________
Source __

86

Destination process 3.0

5.26

5.26
(Data Structure Description)
=

()

[]

{ }
[]

Data Structure Description Form

87

()
+

= + +

+ + { } + +
() +

= + + +

+ + +
+ +

+ +

= [ | |

= [Worlds Trend | AmExpress | Visa |

Discover]

5.27

88

Data Element Description Form

()

ID_______________________________________________________
________________

Name _
Description

5
Length ____6
Input Format

Dec.Pt.

9(6)

Output Format

9(6)

Default Value

Continuous or

Alphabetic
Alphanumeric
Date

Numeric

Discrete

Continuous

Base

Derived

Discrete
Value

Upper Limit

or

Meaning

< 999999

5.28

Lower Limit

>0

89

Data Element Description Form

()
ID________________________________________________
(Data Element Description)
_______________________
Name _

Description
Length ____2
Input Format

Output Format

Dec.Pt.
x(2)

Alphanumeric

x(2)

Default Value WH
Continuous or

Alphabetic
Date

Discrete

Numeric

Base

or Derived
Continuous
Upper Limit

Discrete
Value

BL

Meaning

Blue

Lower Limit
WH
White
5.29

GR

Green

90

(Data Store Description)

Data Store Description Form
()
ID_______D1___

Name _

Description
__

Data Store Characteristics

File Type

File Format
Sequential

Computer

Database
Direct

Record Size (Characters) :

4000

Manual

Indexed

200

Block Size :

91

Number of Records : Maximum

45,000

Percent Growth per Year :

6%

42,000

Data Structure

Secondary Keys

Primary Key

Average :

Comments

5.30

(Data Structure Description)

()
92

= + +
+

+ ( ) + +

= +

= [ | | ]

= + + + +
+ +
=

[Executive | VIP | Regular]

5.31
(Data Element Description)

93

Data Element Description Form

()

ID________________________________________________
_______________________
Name _
Description

(76 )

Length ____15
Input Format

Output Format

Default Value -

Continuous or

Dec.Pt.

Alphabetic

x(15)

x(15)

Alphanumeric
Date

Discrete

Numeric

Base

5.32

5.10 (Process Description)

(Data Flow Diagram)

(Process
Description) Process Specification

94

Process Specification

1.

2.

95

3.

(Data Flow Diagram)

DFD DFD
-- (Top -

Down)

5.11

(Data Flow Diagram)

3
1.
2.
3.

(Structured Language)
(Decision Table)

(Decision Tree)
96

1.

(Structured Language)

3
1. Sequence
2.
3.

Selection IF-THEN-ELSE, CASE

Iteration FOR, DO-WHILE, REPEAT-UNTIL

GET, FIND,
RECORD, CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE,
CALCULATE, WRITE, SORT, MERGE

""

" " "" "" "" ""

1. .. (Ifelse..)
2. . (Case)

3. (Do..Loop)

4. (Sequence

1
97

Employee

= X
= X

IfElse
- A - B
-C

- C
If

Else

- C

3
Repeat.Until
Repeat

Employee

= X

= X
98

Until Employee

4
DoCase

Do

Case1 >=80
= A

Case2 >=70
= B

Case3 >=60
= C

Case4 >=50
= D

End ( )
= E

=
Total
0 IfELSE

Do While
order

process

Inv_total = 0

5
order

Do While
Inv_total = Inv_total +

Item_amount

99

2. (Decision Table)

Condition stubs

Action stubs

Rules (column)

Decision Table
1.

100

+1

- Row (Condition stubs) =

- Col = (

) + 1

2. = ( Col -1) /
1
3.

4.

5.
(X)

6. Col

> 50,000

Y Y N N

> 1

Y N Y N

2%

1% X

X X X

5.33

101

1. (Limited Entry Form)

(Y) (N)
-

(Decision Table)

X -,

2 22

3
5.34 (Limited
Entry Form)

102

(Decision Table)

4 =24=16
*** 2
4Y

5.35 (Limited
Entry Form)

2. (Extended Entry Form)

103

5.36
(Extended Entry Form)

3. (Mixed Entry Form)

5.37 (Mixed
Entry Form)

104

4.
(ELSE Form)

ecisionTable)

(D

(Conditions) (Actions)

G
P
F

79

50 50
79

5.38 (ELSE
Form)

3. Decision Tree ()

Decision Table
Decision Tree

105

Decision Tree

1.
2.
Decision Tree

1

3.

4.

5. (Actions)
6. Key Title

5.39

106

(Process)
25,000

25,000 250,000

10

10
250,000
1

1.

2.
3.

a. < 25000

b. 25000 - 250000
c. > 250000

a. <= 10

b. > 10
a.

b.

< 25000

25000 - 250000
> 250000

107

< 25000

<=10

25000 - 250000
> 250000

> 10

< 25000
<=10

25000 - 250000

> 250000

> 10

108

< 25000
<=10

25000 - 250000

> 250000

> 10

5.12
1.

(Structure Language)

2.

(Decision Table)

3.

(Decision Tree)

109

1.

Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram

ATM

2.

Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram

(Payroll system)

800

Manual

slip
110

ATM

(
)
3.

Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram

Master

111

112