Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

LI M U
Hin nay, cng ngh thng tin v ang pht trin rt mnh m trn th gii cng nh nc ta. Cng ngh thng tin gn lin mi mi hot ng hng ngy ca chng ta. Cng ngh thng tin c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca i sng v n em li nhiu thnh tu to ln. H iu hnh Microsoft Windows hin ang c s dng rt ph bin trn th gii cng nh ti Vit Nam. khai thc, s dng hiu qu nhng kh nng bo mt d liu, qun tr h thng trong Windows XP vi h thng qun l tp tin cng ngh mi NTFS v gip ngi dng my tnh ci h iu hnh Windows XP c th bo v d liu c nhn c an ton hn, nn chng ti tin hnh chn ti: Bo Mt Windows XP Vi NTFS. Nguyn Thanh Thnh

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

MC LC

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

CHNG 1: C S L THUYT LIN QUAN 1.1 C s l thuyt 1.1.1. H iu hnh Windows. Microsoft Windows l tn ca cc dng phn mm h iu hnh c quyn ca hng Microsoft. Ln u tin Microsoft gii thiu mt mi trng iu hnh mang tn Windows (ca s) l vo thng 11 nm 1985 vi nhng tn nng thm vo MS-DOS(Microsoft Disk Operating System) giao din hnh tng (Graphical User Interfaces, GUI). Windows l mt h iu hnh a nhim (multi tasking) c th x l nhiu chng trnh cng mt lc.Cc h iu hnh Windows gm Windows 98, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows XP, Windows Server ... Windows XP l mt h iu hnh ca Microsoft dnh cho h thng my tnh bn hoc thng mi. Windows XP c cc phin bn: Windows XP Home Edition dnh cho ngi s dng gia nh, Windows XP Profesional thm cc tnh nng qun l, bo mt dnh cho qun tr h thng..., cn Windows XP Media Center Edition thm cc tnh nng media h tr ngi dng gii tr c th nghe nhc v xem phim, Windows XP c thit k vi giao din ha, p mt v thn thin vi ngi dng. 1.1.2. H thng qun l tp tin. 1.1.2.1. FAT FAT (File Allocation Table) l bng cp pht tp tin. FAT c gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1977 vi phin bn FAT12. Sau l cc phin bn FAT16 v FAT 32. FAT cu trc th mc dng bng, nh v tp tin bng danh sch lin kt. FAT12 c dng cho a mm, a c dung lng t 32MB tr xung. FAT12 s dng 12 bit m nn ch c kh nng qun l cc a c dung lng thp hn 32Mb vi s lng cluster thp.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

FAT16 c cng b vo nm 1981 a ra mt cch thc mi v vic t chc v qun l tp tin trn a cng, a mm. Tuy nhin, khi dung lng a cng ngy cng tng nhanh, FAT16 bc l nhiu hn ch. Vi khng gian a ch 16 bit, FAT16 ch h tr n 65.536 lin cung (cluster) trn mt partition, gy ra s lng ph dung lng ng k (n 50% dung lng i vi nhng a cng trn 2 GB). FAT32 c gii thiu trong phin bn Windows 95 Service Pack 2 (OSR 2), c xem l phin bn m rng ca FAT16. Do s dng khng gian a ch 32 bit nn FAT32 h tr nhiu cluster trn mt partition hn, do vy khng gian a cng c tn dng nhiu hn. Ngoi ra vi kh nng h tr kch thc ca phn vng t 2GB ln 2TB v chiu di ti a ca tn tp tin c m rng n 255 k t. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca FAT32 l tnh bo mt v kh nng chu li (Fault Tolerance) khng cao. 1.1.2.2. NTFS(New Technology File System). NTFS(New Technology File System ) l h thng tp tin cng ngh mi, c Microsoft gii thiu vo thng 7 nm 1993 cng vi h iu hnh Windows NT version 3.1. V cc h iu hnh Windows NT sau , Windows 2000, Windows XP v Windows Server 2003 u h tr NTFS. Vi khng gian a ch 64 bit, kh nng thay i kch thc ca cluster c lp vi dung lng a cng, NTFS hu nh loi tr c nhng hn ch v s cluster, kch thc ti a ca tp tin trn mt phn vng a cng, NTFS c kh nng chu li cao v tnh bo mt tt hn FAT32. NTFS s dng bng qun l tp tin MFT (Master File Table) nhm tng cng kh nng lu tr, tnh bo mt cho tp tin v th mc, kh nng m ha d liu n tng tp tin. Ngoi ra, NTFS c kh nng chu li cao, cho php ngi dng ng mt ng dng cht(not responding) m khng lm nh hng n nhng ng dng khc. H thng file NTFS c kh nng hot ng cao v c chc nng t sa cha. Nh c tnh nng lu gi li cc thng tin x l, Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 4

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

NTFS c kh nng phc hi file cao hn trong nhng trng hp a c s c. N h tr ch bo mt mc file, nn v kim nh. N cng h tr cc a ln v cc gii php lu tr mnh m nh RAID(Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks). NTFS h tr cc tnh nng bo mt nh phn quyn qun l, m ho, thit t c quota (hn ngoch) s dng cho ngi dng. NTFS hin c cc phin bn: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 cc phin bn Windows NT 3.51 v 4, phin bn 3.0 phin bn Windows 2000, phien bn 3.1 cc phin bn Windows XP v Windows Server 2003. Ring Windows XP v Windows Server 2003 cn h tr cc phin bn 4.0, 5.0, 5.1. 1.2. Tnh cp thit ca ti. 1.2.1. Tnh cp thit H iu hnh Windows ni chung v Windows XP ni ring c s dng rt ph bin trn th gii cng nh nc ta. Hin nay, Microsofts Windows ang chim u th trong th trng my tnh c nhn trn ton th gii vi s lng c ci t h iu hnh ny hn 80%. Windows XP l h iu hnh a ngi dng, c th c nhiu ngi s dng vi nhiu ti khon khc nhau trn mt my, vy cho nn cn phi bo v d liu c nhn khng cho ngi dng khc s dng d liu ca mnh. nh dng FAT16, FAT32 khng gii quyt c vic bo mt ny, nhng vi NTFS nh dng mi ny gii quyt c cc vn v bo mt ni trn. 1.2.2. Mc tiu H thng tp tin NTFS gip ngi dng bo mt d liu an ton khi c nhiu ngi cng dng mt my tnh. V d nh phn quyn qun l, m ha d liu, thit t hn ngoch a cho ngi dng. 1.2.3. i tng Ngi dng h iu hnh Microsoft Windows cn bo v d liu c nhn. Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 5

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

CHNG 2: BO MT WINDOWS XP VI NTFS 2.1. nh Dng NTFS. Trong mi trng windows XP nu mun bo mt d liu trn a cng th a phi nh dng kiu NTFS, nu a ang khng phi nh dng NTFS th tin hnh nh dng sang kiu NTFS bng cch sau: vo Start/Run g lnh CMD trong ca s DOS g lnh convert Tn a:/FS :NTFS,v d: convert D:/FS :NTFS. Bng cch chuyn i nh dng ny th d liu c trn a s khng b mt. Chng ta th dng phn mm nh dng a nh Partition Magic nh dng a cng theo mun. 2.2. Phn quyn trn h thng tp tin NTFS. thit lp bo mt vi NTFS ta vo My Computer, trn thanh Menu chn Tools\Folder Options

Hp thoi Folder Options hin ln ta b chn mc Use simple file sharing (Recommended)

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Lc ny ta nhp phi vo th mc, tp tin hay da bt k, chn Properties s c thm Tab Security bo mt d liu.

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Trong tab Security c cc quyn hn c qui nh nh sau: Full Control: Ton quyn x l. Modify: C th sa cha,c, xa. Read & Execute: Ch c th c v thc thi. List Folder Contents: Duyt danh sch th mc con. Read: Ch cho php c. Write: Cho php ghi. Allow: khi chn mc ny l chp nhn cc quyn chn. Deny: t chi cc quyn chn. Nt Advanced cho php ta chnh sa cc quyn ca user i vi th mc, tp tin hay a c chn.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Nt Add dng thm User vo qun l d liu trn th mc c chn click vo nt Add s xut hin hp thoi sau:

Thm User vo qun l chon Advanced sau chn Find Now tm tt c cc user ang c trong H iu hnh

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Lc ny ta chn tn User m ta cn a vo qun l th mc ang chn sao nhn OK. Lc ny trong hp thoi Select User or Group s xut hin User chn.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Ta Nhn OK s xut hin hp thoi la chn phn quyn hn ca User c chn qun l.

Trong mc apply onto: c nhiu ty chn ln Folder, Sub Folder v File. This Folder only: Ch Phn quyn ln Folder ang chn.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

This folder,subfolder and files: phn quyn ln th mc ang chn, th mc con, v files. This folder and subfolders: phn quyn ln th mc ang chn v th mc con. This folder and files: phn quyn ln th mc ang chn v Files trong n. Subfolder and files only: phn quyn ln th mc con v Files trong n. Subfolder only: phn quyn ln th mc con. Files only: phn quyn ln Files trong n.

Trong mc Permissions ta chn cc quyn hn m User ang chn c php truy cp, Nhn OK hon thnh vic phn quyn cho user. Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 12

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Khi ta thit lp quyn qun l ca mt user no cho mt th mc trn phn vng NTFS th ch c user mi c quyn truy cp vo d liu phn quyn , cc user khc khng c phn quyn qun l khi truy cp vo s b t chi, khng c php truy cp:

2.3. Qun l cc ti khon trong Windows XP vi NTFS. Trong Windows XP c hai loi ti khon ngi dng: Computer Administrator v Limited. Loi ti khon Computer Administrator: c ton quyn qun l Loi ti khon Limited: cc quyn hn b hn ch bi ngi qun l c ton quyn h thng. Vi h thng nh dng a NTFS th chng ta c th phn quyn truy cp d liu trn a theo tng ti khon to ra trn h thng. to v qun l ti khon ta vo control panel\ user accounts

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Khi tin hnh to ti khon mi trong h thng sau khi chn tn th ta c th chn ti khon thuc loi Computer Administrator hay Limited Ch : khi t tn cho user th khng nn g tn c du

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Chng ta c th t mt khu cho cc user bng cch chn User sau chn create a password:

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Ci password th khng nn dng ting vit. Gi s to hai ti khon trn my ,mt ti khon administrator l T_Admin, ti khon Limited l People. Ti khon T_Admin l ti khon ngi qun l chnh, cn People l ti khon b gii hn quyn hn. dm bo an ton thng tin ta t mt khu cho ti khon T_Admin ngi c quyn cao nht qun l my tnh, ti khon Limited l cho nhng ngi dng khc. Th mc Tin05 c cha trong phn vng NTFS v cn c phn quyn i vi tng User. i vi ti khon limited ta c th cm vic thay i password nh sau: vo control Panel\Administrative ToolsComputer Management chn Local Users and Groups\Users

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Trong Khung phi ta click phi vo user cn cm thay i password chon proverties:

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

User cannot change password : Cm user i password Password never expires : Password khng bao gi ht hn Account is disabled : Ti khon b kho .Khi chn chc nng ny th user tng ng s b kha. Th mc Tin05, ngi qun l T_Admin mun ch c ti khon T_Admin mi c quyn truy cp vo th mc ny, people c quyn c cn cc user cn li th cm truy cp: Ta thit lp quyn cho T_Admin cho th mc Tin05: trong Properties chn tab security chn Advanced, trong mc permission chn Add

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Trong Select User or Group tm vo chn ng ti khon T_Admin, sau phn quyn Allow cho user ny l Full control. Phn quyn cho ti khon People:

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Chn Advandced tm v thm user People vo qun l Th mc Tin05

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Nh vy th mc Tin05 by gi c ti khon T_Admin l ton quyn x l, ti khon People ch c th c v thc thi, cc ti khon khc khng c quyn truy cp. Khi ng nhp vo h thng vi quyn ca ti khon T_Admin th ta ton quyn x l d liu trn th mc Tin05. Khi ng nhp vo h thng vi quyn ca ti khon People th ta ch c th c v thc thi, v d by gi ta xa d liu trong Tin05 hocchnh n th s bo li v khng th xa c

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Khi ng nhp vo h thng vi quyn ca ti khon ngoi hai ti khon trn th ta khng th truy cp vo Th mc Tin05 v s bo li. Cho nn khng d liu c bo v an ton.

Nu ta mun b lun cc quyn truy cp ca ti khon People th trong tab security chn ti khon People v chon nt Remove th lc ny People cng khng th truy cp vo th mc Tin05. Ti khon Administrator nn c quyn cao nht, cho nn nu ta mun che du d liu c nhn th ch cn t mt khu cho ti khon Administrator ca mnh v gii hn quyn truy cp vo d liu th ta c th bo v an ton d liu c nhn ca mnh 2.4. Chia s d liu qua mng cc b. s dng tnh nng bo mt khi share d liu trn mng ta phi b chn mc Use simple file sharing (Recommended) trong Folder Options nh lm trn. Sau khi b chn mc Use simple file sharing (Recommended) th khi click phi vo th mc hay a, chn properties, chn tab Sharing s c hnh nh sau:

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Trong Tab Sharig c cc mc ty chn sau: Do not share this folder: Khng chia s th mc ny qua mng LAN. Share this folder: chia s th mc ny qua mng LAN Share name: Tn th mc ngi dng nhn thy trn mng LAN Comment: M t thm thng tin v th mc ny. User Limit: S ngi truy xut ti a vo 1 thi im. Permissions: Cho php thit lp danh sch quyn truy cp i vi tng ngi. Caching: Cho php th mc c lu tr tm ti liu khi lm vic di ch Offline. New Share: to chia s mi.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Khi ting hnh chia s d liu trn mng LAN trong tab Sharing chn Share this folder, trong mc Share name g tn m ngi dng nhn thy trn mng LAN. Trong mc User limit c hai ty chn sau:

Maximun allowed: khng gii hn s ngi truy cp. Allow this number of users: gii hn s ngi dng trn mng truy cp vo ti mt thi im, nh trn l ti a ch c 10 ngi truy cp vo d liu ti mt thi im. Nt Permissions dng phn quyn cho ngi dng trn mng, click chn Permissions tin hnh phn quyn cho ngi dng trn mng.

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh

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Chuyn Windows Ta c ty chn ba phn quyn: Read: ch c php c. Change: c php c, sa i.

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Full Control: Ton quyn vi d liu c chia s. Gi s ta c Th mc Tin05 v mun chia s d liu ny trn mng. Nu phn quyn Full control th khi ngi dng trn mng truy cp vo th ton quyn x l. Nu phn quyn Change th khi ngi dng trn mng truy cp vo th ch c th thay i (sa ,thm, xa). Nu phn quyn Read th khi ngi dng trn mng truy cp vo ch c th c, to mi th s bo li.

Khng c php xa

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Nh vy chng ta c th hn ch c quyn hn ca ngi dng trn mng i vi d liu m ta chia s trn mng, d liu c m bo an ton. 2.5. M ha d liu. Vi nh dang NTFS chng ta c th m ha d liu, iu ny khng th lm nh dng FAT32. M ho d liu bng EFS (Encrypting File System): l mt k thut dng m ho cc tp tin lu trn phn vng c nh dng NTFS.Vic m ho s b sung thm mt lp bo v an ton cho h thng tp tin.Ch ngi dng c ng kho mi c th truy xut cc tp tin ny cn nhng ngi khc th b t chi truy cp. Ngoi ra ngi qun tr mng cn c th dng tc nhn phc hi (recovery agent) truy xut n bt k tp tin no b m ho. m ho cc tp tin,ta tin hnh theo cc bc: - Chn cc tp tin v th mc cn m ho. - Click phi ln cc tp tin v th mc,chn Properties, chn Advanced.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

- Hp thoi Advanced Attributes xut hin.

nh du mc Encrypting contents to secure data v nhn OK Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 27

Chuyn Windows Nu mun b m ha ta thc hin ngc li.

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

2.6. Thit lp hn ngoch cho a(Disk Quota). Thit lp hn ngch a nhm mc ch ch nh khng gian a ti a m mt ngi dng c th s dng. Chc nng hn ngoch cho a ch c nhng phn vng a nh dng bng NTFS, cn khi ta nh dng phn vng bng FAT, FAT16, FAT32 th khng c ch nng ny. thit lp hn ngoch cho a ta click phi vo phn vng a chn Properties, chn mc Quota. Theo mc nh chc nng ny khng c kch hot.

Enable quota management: Thc hin hay khng thc hin qun l hn ngch a. Deny disk space to users exceeding quota limit:ngi dng s khng th tip tc s dng a khi vt qu gii hn.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Select the default quota limit for new users on thi volume: nh ngha cc gii hn s dng.

Do not limit disk space: khng gii hn dung lng a s dng. Limit disk space to: Gii hn dung lng a s dng, nh hnh trn th gii hn dung lng a s dng l 2GB, nu ta chn mc Deny disk space to users exceeding quota limit th khi ngi dng s dng dung lng a vt qu 2GB th hn ngoch a (Quota) s khng cho php dng qu gii hn v bo li, v d nh li copy bo nh sau:

Set warning level to: gii hn cnh bo khi ngi dng s dng qu gii hn, nh trn th gii hn cnh bo 1GB. Select the quota logging options for this volume: C ghi nhn li cc s kin lin quan n s dng hn ngch a. Quota Entries: Thit lp hn ngoch a cho tng user. Thit lp hn ngoch a cho tng user ta nhp Quota Entries

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Trn thanh menu chn Quota, chn New Quota Entry thm user vo hn ngoch a, xut hin hp thoi Select Users

Chn Advanced a user vo. Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 30

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Chn tn user m ta cn a vo thit lp hn ngoch cho a, c ngha l ta chn tn User m ta cn gii hn dung lng s dng ca user i vi phn vng a. Chn tn ng ta nhn OK ting hnh p c gii hn dung lng a m user c quyn s dng.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Do not limit disk usage: khng gii hn Limit disk space to: Gii hn dung lng a s dng, nh hnh trn th gii hn dung lng a s dng l 3GB Set warning level to: gii hn cnh bo khi ngi dng s dng qu gii hn, nh trn th gii hn cnh bo 1GB. Nhn OK hon tt qu trnh thit lp hn ngoch s dng a cho user. Chng ta c th thay i vic thit lp hn ngoch p t nh sau:

Nhp phi vo user cn thay i chn properties: Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Thnh 32

Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

Tin hnh thay i theo nh ri nhn OK Nh vy vi vic qun l hn ngoch(Quota) a phn vng NTFS ngi c quyn cao nht Administrator c quyn p t cc user limited ch c s dng dung lng a nh dng NTFS theo dung lng cho php.

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Chuyn Windows

Bo Mt Windows XP vi NTFS

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. VN-Guide , Khm ph Windows XP, Nh Xut Bn Thng K. 2. Nhm Tc Gi, Bo Mt V Cc K Thut Bo V H Thng My Tnh, Nh Xut Bn Giao Thng Vn Ti. 3. Lng Bo Khnh, Bo Mt Windows, Nh Xut Bn Giao Thng Vn Ti. 4. inh Phan Ch Tm , Windows XP Tu Bin - Bo Mt - Mng, Nh Xut Bn Giao Thng Vn Ti. 5. Nguyn Ngc Tun - Hng Phc , Cc K Thut Thm Nhp Windows XP, Nh Xut Bn Giao Thng Vn Ti.

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