= GU PHAR TIENG A ect =DLOI NOI DAU uén "Ngit phap tiéng Anh" nay dugc bién soan nhim muc dich phuc vu viée hoc tiéng Anh trong cdc trudng Dai hoe va Trung hoc chuyén nghiép déng théi cing nhim déng gop vao viéc hoc tiéng Anh ca hoc sinh cdc trudng phé théng, cae lép tai chtte va cdc ban tu hoc. Né6 cé tinh chat cha mét cuén Ngit phap tiéng Anh ca ban va thue hanh, noi dung cha yéu nham gidi thiéu nhiing quy tac co ban va thong dung, kém theo nhiéu bai tap dé gidp ngudi hoc van dung dude cdc quy tac trong viéc rén luyén ky nang néi, nghe, doc, viét tiéng Anh. Do dé sach nay chua dé cap dén nhiing van dé phic tap, ft gap va it ding, cing khéng di s4u vao ng phap ly thuyét. Mat khac, dé dam bdo “Tinh chat Viét Nam va hién dai", ching téi cing cha y dua vao kinh nghiém thyc té day tiéng Anh cho ngudi Viét két hgp véi nhitng thanh tuu cia ngén ngi hoc va phuong phap gidng day ngoai ngit hién dai dé trinh bay cAc van dé ngit phap mét cach don gian, ngin gon nhung ro rang, dé hiéu, dé nhd, thich hop véi déi tugng ngudi Viét. Vé mat thuat ngi, chting t6i cha truong ding nhiing thuat ngit tiéng Viét va tiéng Anh cia ngit phap truyén théng, cé chon lee va tinh gian trong sO nhiing thuat ngi da quen ding, dé ngudi hoc khdi bd nga. ‘ Vé6i nhitng .dac diém nhu trén, chting téi hy vong cuén sach ~ sé dap ting duige yéu cdu cua déng dao cac ban hoc tiéng Anh. N66 thé ding lam gido trinh day ngit ph4p d trong lép, lam tai liéu 6n tap va tham khdo ngu phap cho hoe sinh va giao vién. Sau day chung téi gidi thiéu bé cuc cuén sach va mét sé goi y huéng d4n cach st dung. 1) Cuén sach gém 8 phan lén: Phan I gém 11 chugng, 31 bai, gidi thiéu cha yéu cach phan loai, hinh thai cdu tao, chtte nang va cach diing cac ti loai trong tiéng Anh, c6 két hop giai quyét mot sé van dé ct php (cach dat cAu) lién quan dén viéc st dung tix loai d6. Phan II gém 5 chuong, 14 bai, gidi thiéu cha yéu c&c van dé cu phap co ban, cé tinh ch&t nang cao va khai quat héa cach dat cau tiéng Anh theo nhiing cau tric, céng thtic, mAu co ban. Phan III 1a dap an cdc bai tap khé, nhdm gitp cdc ban tu hoc c6 thé tu kiém tra, danh gia két qua hoc tap cha minh. 2) Méi bai gdm ph4n trinh bay nhiing quy tac va phan bai tap ting dung, nham gidi thiéu gon va tap trung mét hay nhiéu v&én dé ngit phap co lién quan, theo tiing buée tir d& dén kho. Tuy nhién, cé nhiéu van dé khéng thé gidi quyét gon mét lan la xong duge, vi cé nhiéu diém lién quan dén cae van dé kh4e, thi chung t6i gidi thiéu tig phan, phan sau cé nhac lai, ciing cd, bd sung va nang cao phan truéc. Cac ban hoc nén chi y diém nay: hoc phan sau nén 6n lai va déi chiéu véi phan truéc, nhu vay mdi hiéu duge van dé mot céch ddy di, su va chdc. 3) Phan trinh bay quy tde trong méi bai duce viét theo tinh than tinh gidn, ngan gon, kém theo nhiéu thi dy minh hoa. Chiing t6i st dung réng rai cach trinh bay tom tat duéi dang cc bang téng hop, biéu dé, so dé va céng thie kém theo nhiing 131 ghi, nhiing cht thich can thiét.Cae ban hoe cén cha ¥ doc ky, hiéu chdc va hoc thude cdc thi du trong bai vi chting khéng nhiing cé tac dung minh hoa, gitip ngudi hoc ndém viing duge quy tac thay cho ldi gidi thfch tritu tugng, ma con 1a nhiing cau tiéu biéu cho cach dién dat cha ngudi Anh cé thé duoc sit dung trong nhiéu tinh huéng khac nhau. 4) Cac bai tap trong méi bai khéng tap trung 6 cudi ma dude bé tri rai ra trong titng muc nhé, theo phusng cham “hoc dén dau luyén dén dé", nhim gitip ngudi hoc vita ndm duge quy tc ngi phap via rén luyén dude ky nang stt dung ngén ngi. Cac bai tap duge danh s6 tha ty lién tuc trong tiing bai dé dé déi chiéu véi phan dap an. C&c ban hoe cfn dic biét cht ¥ lam céc bai tap mét cach ddy da, nghiém tic va luyén cho dén mite thudn thuc. Muén vay khéng nén chi nhin bing mat va viét ra gidy ngay, ma cén thong qua khau luyén miéng. Can doc to va nhac lai nhiéu lan nhiing cau tap da lam ding. . 5) Nhtng cau thi du va cau cho trong bai tap duge chon theo tiéu chudn tiéng Anh hién dai, pho thong, c6 néi dung thuc tién va tu tuéng tét, déng théi chi ding mét sé von tit ngit don gian (trudng hgp cé tit ngit khé thi chia nghia tiéng Viét). Cac ban gido vién huéng din cé thé tay theo trinh dé va von tit cha ngudi hgc ma cho thém thi dy hode bai tap thich hgp. Cuén "Ngit phap tiéng Anh" nay duge bién soan ldn dau, chdc chén khéng thé tranh khdi thiéu st. Mong cdc ban gép ¥ kién nhan xét dé ching téi hoan chinh cuén sach nhim pkac vu t6t hon cho viée hoc tiéng Anh cia déng dao ban doc. Cac tac gidPHAN MOTCHUONG MOT TU VA CAU (Words and Sentences) TU LoAI VA CAU TRUC CAU (Word Classes and Sentence Structures) L GIGI THIEU Cac khai niém vé tif loai va cau tric cdu trong tiéng Anh c6 nhiing diém gidng tiéng Viét, nhung do dic diém riéng cua ting ngon ngit, nén tat nhién cing cé nhiéu diém khac. Thi dy nhiing khai niém chung vé danh tit, déng ti, tinh ti, chi ngi, vi ngi... thi giéng, nhung di vao chi tiét cdu tao, chic nang, vi tri v.v... thi hae nhau nhiéu. Co nhiing khai niém chi tiéng Anh co ma tiéng Viét khong cé nhu c4ch sé hitu cia danh ti, thi ca déng tir, dong tinh tw, déng danh tw v.v... Bai dau nay nham gidi thiéu tong quat vé tw loai va céu tric cau tigng Anh dé ngudi hoe cé khai niém chung truéc khi di vao cc chi tiét cy thé. IL TU LOAI (Word Classes, hay cén ggi la Parts of Speech) C6 nhiéu cach phan loai, nhung theo ngit phap truyén thong Anh, ta cé thé chia 1am tam loai nhu sau: 11Tén tit logi Céng dung | Thi du 1. Danh tw (Noun) Chi ngudi, vat, sw iéc hay khai niém Jooy, table, cat, freedom, lhappiness. 2. Dai tw (Pronoun) [Dung thay cho danh ter II, he, them, who, which, Imine, this... 3. Tinh tu (Adjective) ps nghia (néi r6 jthém) cho danh tit. |Gém nhiéu loai, ké cdi lmao tix (article) va sé ttt (numeral) ja good worker, the heroic Vietnamese people, my first lesson, some new books, those two houses are large. 4. Dong tix (Verb) ‘Chi hanh déng hoac 'e are learning tinh ti hode pho tit khac trang thai English. {The enemy was defeated, ‘5. Phé tix (Adverb) |Bé nghia cho déng tit, They work very hard. |He came here esterday. II was too tired. 6. Gidi tir bi trudc danh tw hodell spoke to him. \Preposition) {dai tir dé chi quan hé The desk of the pa chting véi céc tit teacher is near the Ikhae indow. (7. Lién tix INGi cc tit, cum tit. You and I. He is poor (Conjunction) hhoac cau véi nhau, put honest; he will _ me if you ask him. “8. Than ty Dién ta cam xtc ih! Ah! Hello! Alas! (Interjection) 12Ghi cha: Can luw ¥ mét diém quan trong 1a viée phan chia tit loai trong tiéng Anh chi yéu dua vao chic nang cac tir dé trong cau. Do d6, mét tY cd thé khi 1A danh ti, khi 1a déng tw, hoac khi 1a tinh ti, khi la dai tw v.v... Nhiing tit nhu vay tuong déi nhiéu, can chu y hoc cach ding cu thé cua ching. Thi du: T have two hands - (Téi cé hai tay - hands 1a danh tit). He hands me the paper (Anh 4y dua cho t6i ta gidy - hand la dong ti). Around table (Cai ban tron - round la tinh ti). A round of beer. (Mét chau bia - round 1a danh tit). The earth moves round the sun (Trai dat quay xung quanh mat trdi - round 1a gidi tt). The police rounded them up (Canh sat quay ho lai - round 1a dong tw). This is his hat (Day 1a cai mit cua anh y - This la dai tu, his la tinh tiv sd hitu). This hat is his (CAi mi nay 1A cha anh 4y - This 1a tinh tu, his 1a dai tit sé hitu). Bai tap 1. Doc to nhiing cdu sau, tim hiéu ¥ nghia va ni ré tit logi cua nhitng tit in nghiéng. . 1. It is hard work, but I know you can work hard. 2. He éame by a very fast train. He can run very fast, but he is running slowly. 133. I like to drink tea. Let us have another drink. 4. These oranges are bigger than those. 5. This is my book. It is not yours. 6. The room is quite dark. He is not sitting in the dark, 7. This lamp gives a poor light. Light the other lamp, please. 8. Cotton is not heavy, it is light. 9. Nam is sitting at the back of the class. He has come back through the back door. 10. Let's go for a walk. We shall walk down the street. 11. CAU TRUC CAU (Sentence Structures) Mét cau tiéng Anh don gidn c6 thé chia lam hai phan chinh 1a cha ngit (Subject) va vi ngit (Predicate). Phan vi ngit trong cau tiéng Anh luén gém mét dong tit da chia vA néu cdn thi co thém tan ngit (Odject) hodc bé ngit (Complement). Ngoai ra, cau con cé nhiing thanh phan thit yéu 1a trang ngit (Adverbial Modifier) va tinh ngit (Adjective Modifier). Nhiing van dé nay sé hoc ky trong phan II ca sach nay, 6 day chi gidi thiéu so b6 dé cé khai niém chung khi hoe cc tit loai. C6 thé tom tat cau tric cu co ban nhat trong tigng Anh bing hai biéu dé nhu sau: A - Truéng hop cau chi cé nhiing thanh phan cha yéu (goi la cau hat nhan hay cau téi thiéu) 14