Pollution Dispersion

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.

,
, .

.
. nonreactive
2

.
photochemistry
, NO2 , 3.

. photochemical
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unreactive , smokestacks
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,
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1:

10m

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3-Feb

5-Mar

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= x (g/m3)
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y

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= ()

y= centerline ()
= 2.71828
y z

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y 90 (1 ) , z 20 (2
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2

44 / 3 .

,
, particulately
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atmospheric pollutant

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.
( 2), (3 ) , (2 ), (), :

(
)
(CO), ().
EPA

1.5 / 3

0.053

( )

50 / 3

(Arith. )

150 / 3

24

15.0 / 3

(Arith. )

65 / 3

24

0.08

0.12

(10 3 / )
35
(40 3 / )

(100 / )
3

(10:00)

(14:05)

0.03

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0.14
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24

-------

0.5
(1300 /
)

asthmatics,

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,
,

, , .
.


, (NO)
. (55%), (22%), ,
, (22%) .
, .
. , ,
oxidants . ( ) (,
)
.
, :
1. ,
.
2. , ( ), NO2,
.
3. .
4. .
5. ,
.
6. .
7. .
8. .
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/no2scia_world2004.png
2004 troposphere .
. . Envisat

Chartography (SCIAMACHY) .
gmes .


. EPA 2006
.
(3 )
. ,
() . troposphere ,

. Tropospheric , aggravates,
inflames. , .
smog .
() . ,
.
:
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/ozoneform.gif
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/ozonechemistry.gif
VOC NOx
. () VOC NOX
, . , NOx
.
(1991)
.
48 .
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/map8hrnm.jpg

:
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/hawaii_omi_2008117_lrg.jpg
9. Kilauea 26 , 2008

10. ( ) ,
11. , , .
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environmentbook/Images/SO2Emissions%20from%20Smelters.jpg

12. , dimethylsulfide (), 2 .


,
2
. , , 1982 2001
accorning 2 52 EPA . , ,
.

Sulfer readilly , . OH
, () ,
.
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/mapso2.jpg

, , , ,
- . ,
, .

.

( 2), (3 ) , (2 ), (), :

(
)
(CO), ().

EPA

(10 3 / )
35
(40 3 / )

1.5 / 3

0.053

( )

(100 / 3 )
(10:00)

(14:05)

50 / 3

(Arith. )

150 / 3

24

15.0 / 3

(Arith. )

65 / 3

24

0.08

0.12

0.03

(Arith. )

-------

0.14
-------

24

-------

0.5
(1300 /
)

asthmatics,

""
,

, , , .
.

, (NO)
. (55%), (22%), ,

, (22%) .

, .
. , ,

oxidants . ( ) (,
)
.

, :

1. ,
.

2. , ( ), NO2,
.

3. .
4. .

5.
,
.

6. .
7. .

8. .
2004 troposphere .

.
. Envisat

Chartography (SCIAMACHY) .
gmes .






. EPA 2006
.

(3 )

. ,

() . troposphere ,

. Tropospheric , aggravates,
inflames. , .
smog .

() .
, .

:
.
VOC NOx

. () VOC NOX
, . , NOx
.

(1991)
.
48 .
EPA

:
9. Volcanos ,

Kilauea 26 , 2008
.

.
10. ( ) ,

11. , , .

.
.

Smelters .
12. , dimethylsulfide (), 2 .

,
2
. , , 1982 2001
accorning 2 52 EPA . , ,
.

Sulfer readilly
, . OH
, () ,
.

EPA .
Particulates
Particulates (), . :

13. SO2 sulfates,


14. NO2 ,
15. ( ),

16. (), )
17.
( Mountains ),
18. ( ).

PM2.5 2.5 micrometers PM10 2.5 10

micrometers .
. .

http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/FineAerosolsAnnual%202004.jpg
2004 .
, .
visiblity . NOAA / ()
.
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/mappm-10.jpg
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/mappm2.5.jpg
PM2.5 2000 , .
:
13. .
14.
( ) .
a. .
,
.
b. . ,
,
.
15. .
a.
.
b. regins 30-50%
8 (2007 Rosenfeld .) .

thermodynamic .

(CCN)

.
. ,

, .
, stratocumulus ,


. iLEAPS , 2 , 2006 .

http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/shipaerosols.jpg
, MODIS
. 19:40 26 2003.
.
. ( ) ,
. iLEAPS , # 2 , 2006 .

, oderless, Cabon
, . ,
77%
. , 95
. EPA .
, .
: 65% 41% 1982 2002
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/clerbaux-spring_NASA-e.jpg
. troposphere MOPITT

. ,
. 5.6 Mbyte
2000
.
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/Images/mapco.jpg

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