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These bonds are very strong Very directional Covalent bonds Valence electrons are shared between atoms

Valance electrons are donated from the cation to anion

Very strong Non directional Mix of ionic and covalent Ceramics Structure and bonding Ionic bonds Structure of ionic ceramics are dependant on Relative size of the cations(smaller) and anion Balance of the charges

Rc/Ra Dependant on the Ionic radius ratio Co-ordination number Less then 1 always

Dont have slip due to the charges between ions.

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