KHOA QUAN TR KINH DOANH

AI HOC KINH TE TP HO CH MINH

QUAN TR HOC
GV: TS Phan Th Minh Chu TP. HCM 8-2010

Chng 1: Nhng van e chung ve Quan tr

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Khai niem quan tr oi tng cua quan tr Cac chc nang cua quan tr Nha quan tr Vai tro cua nha quan tr Cac ky nang can thiet oi vi nha quan tr Khoa hoc va nghe thuat quan tr Cac thach thc cua quan tr

1. KHAI NIEM QUAN TR

Quan tr la nhng hoat ong can thiet khi co nhieu ngi ket hp vi nhau trong mot to chc nham hoan thanh muc tieu chung Quan tr la tien trnh lam viec vi con ngi va thong qua con ngi nham at c muc tieu cua to chc trong moi trng luon thay oi. Trong tam cua qua trnh nay la s dung hieu qua nguon lc co gii han

Quan tr la hoat ong co hng ch (co muc tieu) Quan tr la s dung co hieu qua nguon lc e at c muc tieu Quan tr la hoat ong tien hanh thong qua con ngi Hot ng qun tr chu s tac ng ca moi trng ang bin ng khong ngng

ieu quan trong nhat trong cuoc i la quyet nh c ieu g la quan trong nhat
( Ken Blanchard, Michael OConnor)

HIEU QUA VA HIEU SUAT Hieu qua( Effectiveness) lam ung viec can lam (doing the right things) Hieu suat ( Efficiency) lam viec ung cach (do the things right) Trong quan tr quan trong nhat la lam ung viec. Lam ung viec cho du khong phai bang cach tot nhat van hn la lam khong ung viec cho du bang cach tot nhat To chc/doanh nghiep can hng ti at ca hieu qua va hieu suat

2. OI TNG CUA QT
Tiep can theo qua trnh hoat ong
QT au vao - QT van hanh - QT au ra Tiep can theo cac lnh vc hoat ong QT san xuat - QT nguon nhan lc - QT tai chnh QT marketing - QT nghien cu phat trienQT van hoa to chc

Tip cn theo cc chc nng QT Hoch nh-T chc-iu khin-Kim soat

3. CAC CHC NANG CUA QT

Hoach nh

To chc

ieu khien

Kiem soat

CAC CHC NANG CUA QUAN TR

Hoach nh:

Chc nang xac nh muc tieu can at c va e ra chng trnh hanh ong e at muc tieu trong tng khoang thi gian nhat nh chc nang hoach nh lien quan en d bao va tien lieu tng lai cua to chc , a ra cac ke hoach khai thac c hoi va han che bat trac cua moi trng.
Xac nh ung muc tieu hoat ong cua To chc

CAC CHC NANG CUA QUAN TR

To chc: Chc nang tao dng mot moi trng noi bo thuan li e hoan thanh muc tieu thong qua viec xac lap mot c cau to chc va thiet lap tham quyen cho cac bo phan, ca nhan, tao s phoi hp ngang, doc trong hoat ong cua to chc. Xay dng bo may quan ly hu hieu va phan chia

quyen hp ly

CAC CHC NANG CUA QUAN TR ieu khien : Chc nang lien quan en lanh ao, ong vien nhan vien, thong tin va giai quyet xung ot nham hoan thanh muc tieu ke hoach e ra. Phong cach lanh ao hieu qua va ong vien ung

CAC CHC NANG CUA QUAN TR

Kiem soat: Chc nang lien quan en kiem soat viec hoan thanh muc tieu thong qua anh gia cac ket qua thc hien muc tieu, tm cac nguyen nhan gay sai lech va giai phap khac phuc.

Can phoi hp

Kiem soat lng trc Kiem soat trong khi thc hien Kiem soat sau khi thc hien

4. NHA QUAN TR LA AI?

Nha quan tr la ngi nam gi nhng v tr ac biet trong mot to chc, c giao quyen han va trach nhiem ieu khien va giam sat cong viec cua nhng ngi khac nham hoan thanh muc tieu chung cua to chc o
* To chc la mot thc the co muc ch rieng biet, co nhng thanh vien va co mot c cau chat che co tnh he thong, TC co the la DN, benh vien, trng hoc

CAP BAC QUAN TR TRONG TO CHC

QTV Cap Cao (Top Managers)

QTV Cap gia(trung) (Middle Managers) QTV thap(c s) (First Line Managers) Nhng ngi thc hien ( Operatives )

Cac quyet nh chien lc --------------------- Cac quyet nh chien thuat ------------------Cac quyet nh tac nghiep ----------------Thc hien quyet nh ---------------

NHA QUAN TR VI CHC NANG QUAN TR

Nha quan tr moi cap bac ( cap cao, cap trung, cap thap ) eu phai tien hanh cac cong viec : Hoach nh To chc ieu khien Kiem soat S khac biet gia cac nha quan tr khi thc hien cac chc nang nay la pham vi va tnh chat cong viec lien quan en tng chc nang va ty le thi gian danh cho tng cong viec o.

PHAN BO THI GIAN CHO CAC CHC NANG QUAN TR

Chc Nang Cap Bac Quan Tr Vien Cap cao Quan Tr Vien Cap trung Hoach nh To Chc ieu Khien 22% Kiem tra

28%

36%

14%

18%

33%

36%

13%

Quan Tr Vien Cap c s

15%

24%

51%

10%

( HENRY MINTZBERG 1973 ) LNH VC VAI TRO

5. VAI TRO CUA NHA QUAN TR

QUAN HE VI CON NGI THONG TIN

- Ngi ai dien - Ngi lanh ao - Ngi lien lac

-Thu thap va x ly thong tin - Pho bien thong tin - Cung cap thong tin - Nha kinh doanh - Ngi giai quyet cac xao tron - Phan phoi tai nguyen/nguon lc - am phan

QUYET NH

6. CAC KY NANG CAN THIET CUA NHA QUAN TR

KY NANG T DUY (NHAN THC) KY THUAT (CHUYEN MON) QUAN HE ( NHAN S) YEU CAU

- Kha nang khai quat hoa cac moi quan he gia cac s vat - hien
tng qua o giup cho viec nhan dang van e va a ra giai phap. -Tam nhn chien lc, t duy co he thong,

- Nam bat va thc hanh c cong viec chuyen mon lien quan en
pham vi mnh phu trach -Hieu biet ve nhu cau , ong c , thai o , hanh vi cua con ngi -Biet tao ong lc lam viec cho nhan vien - Kha nang thiet lap nhng quan he hp tac co hieu qua , co nghe thuat giao tiep tot - Quan tam va chia se en ngi khac

CAP BAC QUAN TR & CAC KY NANG C BAN CAN CO CUA NQT

QTV CAP CAO QTV CAP TRUNG QTV CAP THAP

KY NANG CHUYEN MON (KY THUAT)

KY NANG NHAN S

KY NANG T DUY

7. KHOA HOC VA NGHE THUAT QUAN TR

Quan tr la mot khoa hoc oc lap va lien nganh. Khoa hoc quan tr xay dng nen ly thuyet ve quan tr, giup nha quan tr cach t duy he thong, kha nang phan tch va nhan dien ung ban chat van e va cac ky thuat e giai quyet van e phat sinh , Cong viec quan tr mang tnh khoa hoc, no oi hoi nha quan tr phai suy luan khoa hoc e giai quyet van e, khong nen da vao suy ngh chu quan, ca nhan.
A. Quan tr la khoa hoc

B. Quan tr la nghe thuat Thc hanh quan tr la nghe thuat ,oi hoi nha quan tr phai sang tao van dung cac ly thuyet ve quan tr vao giai quyet tnh huong Nghe thuat quan tr co c t viec hoc kinh nghiem thanh cong va that bai cua chnh mnh va cua ngi khac. Tnh nghe thuat cua quan tr oi hoi nha quan tr phai van dung linh hoat cac ly thuyet quan tr, khong dap khuon, may moc khi giai quyet van e.

C. MOI QUAN HE GIA KHOA HOC VA NGHE THUAT QUAN TR

Khoa hoc quan tr giup hnh thanh nghe thuat quan tr thong qua viec cung cap cho nha quan tr phng phap khoa hoc e giai quyet van e hieu qua. Nghe thuat quan tr giup hoan thien hn ly thuyet quan tr qua viec uc ket, khai quat hoa cac khai niem thc tien thanh van e ly thuyet mi.

8 nguyen tac tuyet hao trong

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

quan tr cong ty

7.

Khuynh hng thien ve hanh ong Lien he chat che vi khach hang. T quan va co tinh than doanh nhan Nang suat thong qua con ngi Phat trien cac gia tr van hoa Bam chat lnh vc s trngHnh thc to chc n gian va gon nhe Quan ly ong thi va chat va va long

5 b quyet thanh cong cua Shiseido

Chat lng la tren het ong cam cong kho, cung chu rui ro va cung hng li Ton trong khach hang On nh noi bo e cao tnh chan thanh , trung thc trong KD

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What ? : Muc tieu muon at c la g ? Why ? : Tai sao ieu o lai can thiet ? When ? : Tien o thc hien nh the nao ? Where ? : Ta ang au ? Se i en au ? Who ? : Ai co kha nang thc hien ? How ? : Can tien hanh nh the nao ?

8. Cc thch thc ca qun tr S tng ln ca s lng cc t chc ton cu. Xy dng li th cnh tranh thng qua thng qua hiu sut, cht lng, s i mi, v s p ng cp cao hn. S gia tng kt qu thc hin trong khi vn duy tr c cc nh qun tr c o c. S qun l mt lc lng lao ng a dng ngy cng tng. S dng cc cng ngh mi.

4 xu hng cua quan tri ng ai

1. Vin canh ton cu ha
S gia tng ca cc cng ty ton cu => kinh doanh phi i mt vi cnh tranh ton cu S hp nht cc cng ty vt qua ranh gii quc gia => vt qua s khc bit thnh cng Cty phi kinh doanh vi o c kinh doanh (d c nhng bt li cho h) =>xy dng nn tng o c kinh doanh => Cc vn lin quan: vn ha t chc, ao c kinh doanh, mi trng hoat ng

2. Quan l s thay i v i mi
S thay i l nhng trng thi thay i m cty phn ng li mi trng bin ng i mi l nhng tng mi v ci tin qu trnh SX/dch v ng dng cng ngh mi

=> Cty thay i v i mi s tn ti v pht trin. => Cc vn gii quyt lin quan n: thay i cu trc t chc (PPqun l), QTNNL, cng ngh, vn ha t chc

3. Quan l lc lng lao ng a dang ngy cng gia tng s dng ti a nng lc ca nhn vin t c mc tiu pht trin nng lc nhn vin qun l s khc bit vn ho =>Ngi lnh o phi s dng c NNL khc nhau vi hiu qu cao. => Cc vn gii quyt lin quan n: Lnh o, ng vin, phng php qun l (hoch nh, t chc, lnh o, kim sot)

4. S tm kim cht lng ton din v tip tc i mi

Xy dng li th cnh tranh thng qua hiu sut, cht lng, s i mi s p ng cp cao hn c c s ng h ca khch hng => Cc vn lin quan: Cc phng php qun l thay i c bn t quan im (xc nh mc tiu, xy dng c cu t chc, qun tr NNL)

Cu hoi tho lun CH1 1. V sao trong qun tr lm ng vic l quan trng nht? 2. Phn bit hiu qu v hiu sut. t c hiu qu v hiu sut, cn lm g? 3. im ging nhau v khc nhau gia cc nh qun tr trong mt t chc?T phn tich cho anh chi nhn nh iu g? 4. Cc vai tro ca nh qun tr theo nghin cu ca H. Minzberg. Nu nh qun tr khng thc hin tt cc vai tro ny s gy nh hng nh th no n hot ng ca t chc ?( cho vi d). 5. Tm quan trng ca cc ky nng qun tr? Chng gip ich g cho cc nh qun tr trong cng vic qun tr t chc? Mc oi hoi v cc ky nng ny thay i nh th no theo cc cp bc qun tr? Nh qun tr Vit Nam cn lm g pht trin cc ky nng ny? 6. Phn tich tinh khoa hc v tinh ngh thut ca qun tr v mi quan h gia chng, qua c th rt ra iu g? 7. T phn tich cc xu hng ca QT ng i, gip nhn ra iu g?