S PHAT TRIEN CUA T TNG QUAN TR

I. BOI CANH LCH S II. TRNG PHAI QUAN TR CO IEN III. TRNG PHAI TAM LY XA HOI IV. TRNG PHAI NH LNG V. TRNG PHAI HOI NHAP TRONG QUAN TR VI. TRNG PHAI QUAN TR HIEN AI

CHNG 2

I. BOI CANH LCH S

4 moc quan trong

1. Trc cong nguyen : t tng quan tr s khai, gan lien vi t

tng ton giao & triet hoc 2. The ky 14 : S phat trien cua hoat ong thng mai thuc ay s phat trien cua quan tr 3. The ky 18 : Cuoc cach mang cong nghiep la tien e xuat hien ly thuyet QT 4. The ky 19 : S xuat hien cua nha quan tr chuyen nghiep anh dau s ra i cua cac ly thuyet quan tr

I. BOI CANH LCH S

T tng quan tr ra i gan lien vi nhng ieu kien : Kinh te Chnh tr Xa hoi Van hoa


Thi ky Biet lap 1.TP QT Khoa Hoc (W.Taylor) 2.TP QT Tong Quat (Hanh chinh) (H.Fayol; M Weber) 3.TP TamLy-XaHoi (E.Mayo; A.Maslow;M.Gregor) 4.TP QT nh Lng ( H. Simon)

TP Qua trnh QT (H.Koontz) TP QTHe Thong TP NgauNhien

Thi ky Hien ai Thuyet Z Mo hnh 7S

Thi ky Hoi nhap

II. TRNG PHAI QT CO IEN

1. Trng phai quan tr khoa hoc 2. Trng phai quan tr hanh chnh

II.1. Trng phi qun tr khoa hc

1. Ph phn cch qun l c: a. Thu mn ch da trn c s ai n trc thu trc -> khng da trn kh nng b. Khng c hun luyn nhn vin mi c. Lm vic theo thi quen -> khng c phng php d. Hu ht vic v trch nhim c giao cho cng nhn e. Nh qun l lm vic bn ngi th -> qun ht trch nhim qun tr 2. T tng ch yu ca ng th hin trong tc phm ni ting Nhng nguyn tc trong qun tr hc

* Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 1915) Charles Babbage (1792 1871) Federich W Taylor (1856 1915) V chong Frank Gilbreth (1868 -1924) & Lillian Gilbreth (1878 -1972) Henry Gantt

3. Trng phai nay hng en Hieu qua QT thong qua viec tang Nang suat lao ong tren c s cua hp ly hoa cac bc cong viec.

II.1. Trng phi qun tr khoa hc

NGUYN TC TAYLOR CNG TC QUN TR TNG NG

1. Xy dng c s khoa hc cho cc cng vic vi nhng nh mc v cc phng php phi tun theo

Nghin cu thi gian v cc thao tc hp l nht thc hin mt cng vic

2. Chn cng nhn mt cch khoa hc, Dng cch m t cng vic la chn ch trng k nng v s ph hp vi cng nhn, thit lp h thng tiu chun cng vic, hun luyn mt cch tt nht v h thng hun luyn chnh thc hon thnh cng vic 3. Khen thng m bo tinh thn hp tc, trang b ni lm vic mt cch y v hiu qu Tr lng theo nng sut, khuyn khch thng theo sn lng, bo m an ton lao ng bng cc dng c thch hp

4. Phn nhim gia qun tr v sn xut, Thng tin trong cng vic, ch trng to ra tnh chuyn nghip ca nh qun vic lp k hoch v t chc hot ng tr

 II.2 Trng phai quan tr hanh chnh (tong quat)

Trng phai nay hng en Hieu qua QT thong qua viec tang Nang suat lao ong tren c s phat trien nhng nguyen tac quan tr chung cho ca mot to chc

Cac nha quan tr tieu bieu : 1. Henry Fayol (1814 - 1925) 2. Max Weber (1864 - 1920)

II.2. Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh

1. L mt nh qun tr hnh chnh ngi Php

2. xem cng vic qun tr nm trong 06 phm tr: 1. K thut ch to

2. Thng mi mua bn 3. Ti chnh kim sot t bn 4. An ninh bo v cng nhn v ti sn 5. K ton thng k
6. Hnh chnh

Henry Fayol (1841-1925)

3. a ra 14 nguyn tc qun tr tng qut

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Phan chia cong viec Tham quyen va trach nhiem Ky luat Thong nhat ch huy Thong nhat ieu khien Li ch ca nhan phu thuoc li ch chung Thu lao xng ang. Tap trung va phan tan He thong quyen hanh (tuyen xch lanh ao) Trat t. Cong bang. On nh nhiem vu. Sang kien. Tinh than oan ket.

II.2. Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh

1. L mt nh x hi hc ngi c 2. a ra khi nim quan liu bn giy: H thng chc v v nhim v c xc nh r rng, phn cng phn nhim chnh xc, mc tiu ring bit, h thng quyn hnh c tn ti trt t 3. Ch ngha quan liu ca Weber:
1. Phn cng lao ng vi trch nhim v thm quyn c xc nh r v c hp php ha 2. Cc chc v c thit lp theo h thng ch huy, mi chc v nm di mt chc v cao hn 3. Nhn s c tuyn dng v thng cp qua thi c, hun luyn v kinh nghim 4. Hnh vi hnh chnh v cc quyt nh phi thnh vn bn 5. Cc nh qun tr phi tun th iu l v th tc

Max Weber (18641920)

III. TRNG PHAI TAM LY XA HOI

Trng phai nay hng en Hieu qua QT thong qua viec tang Nang suat lao ong tren c s nhan manh en vai tro cua yeu to tam ly, tnh cam, quan he xa hoi cua con ngi trong cong viec Cac nha quan tr tieu bieu : 1. Robert Owen (1771-1858) 2. Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) 3. Elton Mayo (1880-1949) 4. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) 5. Doulas Mc Gregor ( 1906-1964)

1. a ra nhn thc mi v yu t con ngi trong qun tr => Phong tro quan h con ngi Phong tro qun tr khoa hc ca Taylor
2. nh hng tp th ng vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra phong cch c nhn

*Elton Mayo (1880-1949)

3. Nh qun tr phi tm cch tha mn tm l v tinh thn ca nhn vin

IV. TRNG PHAI NH LNG

Trng phai quan tr nh lng hng en Hieu qua QT thong qua ra quyet nh ung vi viec ap s la ly thuyet quyet nh, ap dung thong ke va mo hnh toan kinh te vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t trong viec. 1. Chu trong vao cac quyet nh. 2. Dung cac mo hnh toan hoc e giai quyet van e. 3. Coi may tnh la cong cu c ban.

V. CAC TRNG PHAI HOI NHAP

TRONG QUAN TR
1. Trng phai Quan tr qua trnh Quan iem cua khao hng nay c e cap t au the 20 qua t tng cua Henri Fayol, nhng thc s ch phat trien manh va tr thanh mot phng phap tiep can ve quan tr t nam 1960 do cong cua Harold Koontz. T tng nay cho rang quan tr la

Qua trnh quan tr

Hoach nh To chc ieu khien Kiem tra

V. TRNG PHAI HOI NHAP TRONG QUAN TR

2. Trng phai Ngau nhien

Ly thuyet nay cho rang ky thuat quan tr thch hp cho mot hoan canh nhat nh tuy thuoc vao ban chat va ieu kien cua hoan canh o. Trong quan tr luon co s tac ong cua nhng yeu to ngau nhien,v the khong the co mot khuon mau giai quyet cho tat ca cac trng hp ma phai linh hoat van dung

2. Trng phi ngu nhin

Nu c

Tt c

Ph thuc

Z: l bin ngu nhin

V. TRNG PHAI HOI NHAP TRONG QUAN TR

3. Trng phai Quan tr he thong

Coi to chc(doanh nghiep) la mot he thong va hoat ong cua no van hanh theo nguyen ly c ban cua ly thuyet he thong. Gia cac bo phan cua DN cung nh gia doanh nghiep vi moi trng co moi quan he tac ong hu c vi nhau, bat ky mot thay oi du nho cua he thong con

3. Trng phi qun tr h thng

Mi trng

u vo

Bin i

u ra

VI. TRNG PHAI QUAN TR HIEN AI

1. Ly thuyet Z Ly thuyet Z c mot giao s ngi My goc Nhat Ban la giao s William Ouchi xay dng tren c s ap dung cach quan ly cua Nhat Ban vao cac cong ty My. Ly thuyet ra i nam 1978, chu trong en quan he xa hoi va yeu to con ngi trong to chc

VI. TRNG PHAI QUAN TR HIEN AI 2. Tiep can theo 7-yeu to (7S) Cach tiep can nay nhan manh rang trong quan tr can phai phoi hp hai hoa 7 yeu to quan tr co anh hng len nhau, khi mot yeu to thay oi keo theo cac yeu to khac cung b anh hng

M hnh 7 yu t (7s) ca McKinsey

1. Strategy (chin lc) 2. Structure (c cu) 3. System (h thng) 4. Staffs (nhn vin) 5. Style (phong cch) 6. Skill (k nng) 7. Shared values (gi tr chia s)

VI. TRNG PHAI QUAN TR HIEN AI 2. Tiep can theo 7-yeu to (7S) Cach tiep can nay nhan manh rang trong quan tr can phai phoi hp hai hoa 7 yeu to quan tr co anh hng len nhau, khi mot yeu to thay oi keo theo cac yeu to khac cung b anh hng

M hnh 7 yu t (7s) ca McKinsey

1. Strategy (chin lc) 2. Structure (c cu) 3. System (h thng) 4. Staffs (nhn vin) 5. Style (phong cch) 6. Skill (k nng) 7. Shared values (gi tr chia s)

Cu hoi tho lun ch 2 1.S kin lch s quan trng no l nguyn nhn su xa thc y s ra i ca khoa hc qun tr? 2. S quan tm chung ( mc tiu hng n) gia cc trng phi qun tr l g ? 3. S ging/khc nhau gia cc trng phi: QTKH,QTTQ,TL-XH, QTL l g? 4. Phn tch ngha 14 nguyn tc ca H. Fayol 5. ngha vn dng ca 3 t tng: Qu trnh, h thng, ngu nhin 6. M hnh 7S, thuyt Z : t tng v ngha vn dng.