TECHNICAL PAPER

BY

G M V S R ANJANEYA KUMAR & B VENKATA BHARAT

SASI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

UTILIZATION OF HYBRID ENERGY IN AUTOMOBILES

EFFICIENT USAGE OF BRAKE REGENERATION AND ENGINE SHAFT ENERGY

INTRODUCTION

Our main aim is to outwit the existing models in automobiles which use the brake regeneration system. We would like to introduce a new model which can use brake regeneration process and can also use engine shaft energy efficiently. This model is based on ENERGY CONSERVATION LAW There are two existing models which resembles our model in some aspects, but they suffer many drawbacks when compared to our model. So we would like to give you a brief description about the existing models.

EXISTING MODELS

The System with one AC machine

The System with two AC machines

THE SYSTEM WITH ONE AC MACHINE

 In

this system the wheel shaft is connected to Motor/Generator which in turn is connected to the IC engine. Motor/Generator is connected to a power controller which is in turn connected to the battery. inverter is also connected to the battery to convert the produced alternating current to Direct current. controller guides the AC machine to behave as MOTOR or GENERATOR according to the situation.

 The

 An

 Power

WORKING

The motor first starts the engine and thus the engine and the motor drives the wheel shaft.  When the battery gets discharged, the motor converts into generator and the IC engine rotates the generator shaft to generate electricity and stores it into battery.  While braking the IC engine gets disengaged and the rotational energy of the wheel shaft is used to rotate the generator shaft thus producing electricity.Thus the regenerative braking comes into vision.


THE SYSTEM WITH TWO AC MACHINES

 The

system consists of two AC machines and one IC engine connected with power splitter acting as junction.  The shafts of the IC engine and motor are coupled, similarly the wheel shaft and generator shaft are coupled.  The two AC machines are connected to battery by means of a power controller each.  A power splitter is an assembly of a gear driving the engine, a gear driving motor and a gear driving wheel shaft.  By the mechanism involved in this, power is distributed accordingly.

WORKING

The motor first starts the engine and both engine and motor drives the shaft connecting wheel axle and generator using power splitter.  When the system is running the wheel shaft rotates the generator continuously producing electric energy which get stored in battery.  While braking the power splitter comes into action and disengages the wheel shaft with the engine and motor shaft.  Now total power of engine is used to drive the motor which acts as generator by using power controller. The energy of wheels are used to drive generator, this causes the energy generation which charges the battery.


DEVELOPED MODEL(OUR MODEL)

This model can outwit all the existing models in all aspects. This model will be successful in utilizing both the brake regeneration energy and the engine shaft energy efficiently. The total control of the system resides with the CLUTCH. Gearing system will be efficiently used in our model when compared to the existing models. This model works efficiently while Coasting, Braking and also normal working.

CONSTRUCTION
The IC engine and the Motor/Generator are connected through a shaft. The gearbox is provided for the shaft. The wheel shaft is provided with two gears. A Generator/Motor provided with a shaft which has a gear. A battery is connected to the two AC machines. The inverters and the power controllers are included in the midst the AC machine and the battery.

ASSEMBLY
y

POWER CONTROLLER

GENERATOR

BATTERY

WHEEL SHAFT

IC ENGINE
IC ENGINE

GENE

I RATO

MOTOR/GENERATOR

WORKING
The engine gets started by the motor/generator by means of battery. When the engine attains required speed, then AC machine stops working as motor and starts acting as a generator. Some part of engine energy is used to drive the generator and the remaining to wheel axles. While running, the continuous working of generator charges the battery continuously. This is one of the efficient way to generate electricity during running than previous models .

While using the clutch the gears of the wheel shaft and engine shaft are disengaged and wheel shaft engages with the generator. y When gears of engine shaft are disengaged the total energy from the IC engine is transmitted to the Motor/Generator. y Here the Motor is converted as generator by power controller. y The generator thus generates high amount of energy and charges the battery continuously. y The generator engaged to the wheel shaft also generates electricity.
y

HOW IT ACTUALLY WORKS?

Clutch

Generator Battery

Wheel shaft

IC Engine

Motor/Generator

BULLET POINTS ON WORKING

 While

starting, motor starts the IC engine.  While using clutch wheel shaft disengages with engine shaft and engages with generator.  In high traffics due to continuous application of clutch the engine shaft energy is being used efficiently.  Generator works using wheel axles rotational energy.  When high torque is required both IC engine and motor drives the shaft.  When IC engine fails motor drives the shaft for some period.

COMPARISONS
EXISTING MODELS
Both AC

DEVELOPED MODEL
The AC

machines engages at all instances. The IC engine doesnt rotate the generator directly. The power generation is done only during coasting or braking. The load on the wheel axles is present all the time.
When

clutch is used the engine shaft energy becomes useless.

machine engages according to the need. Here IC engine is engaged directly to the generator. The power generation starts simultaneously when engine gets started. The load on the wheels are applied only at the time of braking. When clutch is used engine shaft energy is used to make generator work.

EXISTING MODELS
The

DEVELOPED MODEL
The

regenerated energy is continuously used by motors. The regenerated energy is not high.

regenerated energy is not used continuously. regenerated energy is high.

The

ADVANTAGES
y y y y y y y y

The engine shaft energy is efficiently used at the time of operating the clutch. Efficient braking system is observed in this model than previous models. Load on the battery is less. Dual way of charging battery is provided. Chances for the failure of the battery are low. Maintenance cost is low. All the components which generally run on engine shaft energy can run with the help of battery. Thus efficiency of the engine can be increased by decreasing extra loads on the engine.

The internal accessories can be operated on the battery. y Even when IC engine fails the motor comes into action and runs the vehicle. y When high torque is required both IC engine and motor drive the wheel axles. y Continuous energy generation is present in this system.
y

DISADVATAGES
y y y

The complexity of the system is high. The initial cost of the system may be high. Weight of the system may be high.

CONCLUSION
y

If the practical application of above model is made, it may overcome all the existing problems in the regenerative braking system. The size and complexity of the system may be decreased by reducing the size of the components.Thus this system may also be used in two-wheeler vehicles. Finally, this system can be regarded as a far better one when compared to the existing models and we can expect a practical application of this model in the near future.

Q?

POWER SPLITTER

ACTUAL VIEW OF POWER SPLITTER

KENWORTH HYBRID TRUCK

INVERTER USED IN KENWORTH

PIRUS PRIMER & HONDA CIVIC HYBRID

ENGINE OF PIRUS PRIMER