Kajian Status Limbah Abu Batu Bara Sebagai Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun

Yulinah Trihadiningrum1), Yunitya Sari2)

1)

Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP, Institut Teknologi Surabaya, Surabaya, 60111 e-mail: yulinah@radnet.id 2) PT Guna Elektro, Jakarta
Diterima 22-07-2004 Disetujui 22-11-2004

ABSTRACT
Coal ash, which is largely generated by steam electric power generation plant (PLTU), is classified as hazardous waste according to Government Act No. 85/1999 concerning hazardous waste management. This paper describes the classification of coal fly ash and bottom ash according to its chemical characteristics and compares its classification status in USA and Japan. The chemical characteristics of fresh ash of coal originated from Bukit Asam and Kalimantan, that of PLTU Suralaya and mixed ash land filled at the ash valley of PLTU Suralaya were determined in this study. The chemical parameters determined were pH, conductivity, total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), sulphates, copper, zinc, and lead concentrations. In addition, the fly ash leach ate quality was compared to the quality of the control well water. The Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test was also performed in order to determine whether the coal ash was classified as hazardous waste or not. Results of the TCLP test showed that lead, copper, and zinc concentrations were in the ranges of < 0.01-0.539 mg/l, < 0.011.045 mg/l, and < 0.01-0.67 mg/l respectively, which were far below the TCLP test standards. These data reflected that coal ash was not classified as hazardous waste according to these parameters. In contrast, dissolved solids and sulfate concentrations in the settling ponds of the ash valley, of which ranges were of 892-1120 mg/l 320-445 mg/l respectively, were considerably high in comparison to the control well water quality. Consequently sufficient control of TDS and sulfate should be undertaken in the final disposal sites of the coal ash for minimizing the negative impacts to soil and groundwater. Considering the low levels of the heavy metals measured in this research, classification of coal ash as hazardous waste as stated in the Government Act No. 85/1999 should be reviewed, and revised when necessary. Keywords: coal ash, hazardous waste, Steam Electric Power Plant