QGIS-1.7.0 User Guide KR

Quantum GIS
Version 1.7.0 Wroclaw
Quantum GIS .
,
. Quantum GIS GNU General Public License
. Quantum GIS
http://www.qgis.org .
,
.
.

, . , , ,

. .
PDF
http://qgis.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals.html
. QGIC
.
http://www.qgis.org/wiki/
.
PDF
http://qgis.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals.html
. QGIC
.

http://www.qgis.org/wiki/ .

Tara Athan
Radim Blazek
Godofredo Contreras
Otto Dassau
Martin Dobias
Peter Ersts
Anne Ghisla
Stephan Holl
N. Horning
Magnus Homann
Werner Macho
K. Koy
Carson J.Q.Farmer
Lars Luthman
Tyler Mitchell
Claudia A. Engel
Brendan Morely
David Willis
Jrgen E. Fischer
Marco Hugentobler
Gavin Macaulay
Gary E. Sherman
Tim Sutton
Bertrand Masson, msys(MS Windows)

Tisham Dhar, MAC OCX
Tom Elwertowski William Kyngesburye, Carlos
Dvila, Paolo Cavallini, Christian Gunning .
.

.
.
ii
Copyright 2004 - 2011 Quantum GIS Development Team

Internet : http://www.qgis.org

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in section B1)
entitled "GNUFreeDocumentationLicense".
1) 373 B. GNU Free Documentation License
iii

1
3
1. GIS 17
1.1. ? 18
1.1.1. 19
1.1.2. 19
2. 21
2.1. 21
2.2. 22
2.3. 24
3. 27
3.1. QGIS 27
3.1.1. 28
3.2. QGIS 31
3.2.1. 32
3.2.2. 42
3.2.3. 42
3.2.4. 45
3.2.5. 46
3.2.6. 47
3.2.7. 48
3.2.8. 48
3.3. 49
3.3.1. 50
3.3.2. 50
3.4. 52
3.4.1. , , 52
3.4.2. 54
3.5. 54
3.6. 56
3.7. GUI Option 57
3.8. (Annotation tools) 63
3.8.1. 64
3.9. (Spatial Bookmarks) 65
3.9.1. 65
3.9.2. 66
3.9.3. 66
3.9.4. 66
3.10. GPS 67
3.10.1. 68
3.10.2. GPS 68
3.10.3. GPS 69
3.10.4. GPS 69
4. 71
4.1. ESRI Shapefiles 72
4.1.1. Shapefile 73
4.1.2. 76
4.1.3. MapInfo 76
4.1.4. ArcInfo Binary Coverage 76
4.2. PostGIS Layers 77
4.2.1. 77
4.2.2. PostGIS 79
4.2.3. PostgreSQL 80
4.2.4. PostgreSQL 81
4.2.5. 83
4.2.6. 180 85
4.3. SpatiaLite Layers 86
4.4. 87
4.4.1. 88
4.4.2. 91
4.4.3. Style Manager 97
4.4.4. 97
vi
4.4.5. (Labels Tab) 100

4.4.6. 105
4.4.7. (Attribute Tab) 109
4.4.8. (General Tab) 112
4.4.9.
(Metadata Tab) 113
4.4.10. (Action Tab) 113

4.4.11. (Joins Tab) 118
4.4.12. (Diagram Tab) 119
4.5. 122
4.5.1. 122
4.5.2. / 124
4.5.3. 125
4.5.4. 132
4.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite 137
4.5.6. 139
4.6. 144
4.7. 146
5. 151
5.1. ? 151
5.2. QGIS 152
5.3. 153
5.3.1. (Style Tab) 154
5.3.2. (Transparency Tab) 155
5.3.3. (Colormap Tab) 156
5.3.4. (General Tab) 157
5.3.5. (Metadata Tap) 158
5.3.6. (Pyramid Tab) 158
5.3.7. (Histogram Tab) 159
5.4. 159
5.5. 160
6. OGC 163
6.1. OGC 163
6.2. WMS 164
6.2.1. WMS 164
6.2.2. WMS 165
vii
6.2.3. WMS Layer 167

6.2.4. (Server-Search) 170
6.2.5. (Layer Order) 171
6.2.6. Tilesets 171
6.2.7. 172
6.2.8. WMS Client 173
6.3. WFS WFS-T 174
6.3.1. WFS 174
7. QGIS Server 179
7.1. Debian Squeeze 180
7.2. QGIS project WMS 181
8. 185
8.1. 185
8.2. 186
8.3. (OTF) 188
8.4. 190
9. GRASS GIS 193
9.1. GRASS 194
9.2. GRASS 194
9.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSET 196
9.3.1. GRASS LOCATION 196
9.3.2. MAPSET 199
9.4. GRASS LOCATION 200
9.5. GRASS 202
9.6. GRASS 203
9.7. GRASS 204
9.8. GRASS 207
9.9. GRASS 209
9.9.1. GRASS 210
9.9.2. GRASS 210
9.9.3. GRASS 213
9.9.4. GRASS LOCATION 222
9.9.5. GRASS 223
10. 225
10.1. 226
viii
10.2. 227
10.3. QGIS 228
10.3.1. - 230
10.3.2. - 231
10.4. 232
10.4.1. - 232
10.4.2. - 235
10.4.3. -, 237
10.4.4. - 239
10.5. 241
10.6. 241
10.7. 242
10.8. 243
10.9. , , 244
10.10. 245
10.11. 246
11. QGIS (QGIS Plugins) 249
11.1. 249
11.1.1. QGIS 250
11.1.2. QGIS 251
11.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer 252
11.2. (Data Provider) 257
12. QGIS 259
12.1. 261
12.2. 262
12.2.1. 262
12.2.2. 263
12.2.3. 264
12.3. 265
12.4. Dxf2Shp 267
12.5. eVis 269
12.5.1. 269
12.5.2. 276
12.5.3. 276
12.6. fTools 285
ix
12.7. GDAL 293

12.7.1. GDALTools ? 293
12.7.2. GDAL 293
12.7.3. 297
12.8. Georeference[] 300
12.9. GPS 307
12.9.1. GPS ? 307
12.9.2. GPS 307
12.9.3. GPSBabel 309
12.9.4. GPS 309
12.9.5. GPS 309
12.9.6. GPS 310
12.9.7. GPS 311
12.10. 312
12.11. MapServer 315
12.11.1. 315
12.11.2. 316
12.11.3. 319
12.12. 320
12.13. GeoRaster 321
12.13.1. 322
12.13.2. GeoRaster 323
12.13.3. GeoRaster 325
12.14. OpenStreetMap 326
12.14.1. 330
12.14.2. 330
12.14.3. OSM 332
12.14.4. OSM 333
12.14.5. OSM 334
12.14.6. 338
12.14.7. OSM 340
12.14.8. OSM 342
12.14.9. OSM 343
12.14.10. OSM 345
12.15. 345
12.16. 348
12.17. 350
12.18. SQL Anywhere 352
13. 355
13.1. 355
13.2. IRC 357
13.3. Bug Tracker 358
13.4. Blog 359
13.5. Wiki 359
: 361
A GNU General Public License 363
A.1 Quantum GIS Qt exception for GPL 371
B GNU Free Documentation License 373
Literature and Web References 387
xi

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(OSGeo) . (OSGeo, Open Source
GeoSpatial Foundation) , GIS

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, . OSGeo
http://www.osgeo.org
, OSI
. Quantum GIS(QGIS) OSGeo
.
GIS OSGeo (OSGeo
Korean Chapter, www.osgeo.kr) 2008 .
OSGeo GIS
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GIS(QGIS) .
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QGIS
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OSGeo
2 QGIS 1.7.0

GIS(Geographical Information System)
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Geographic Information System). 2002 5
, 6 SourceForge .
( ) GIS ,

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QGIS Qt (http://qt.nokia.com) C++ .
QGIS ,
GUI .
QGIS , GIS
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Public License(GPL) . QGIS
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QGIS Tip 1

http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/doc/manual/, QGIS

http://www.qgis.org/en/documentation .
.
QGIS , Appendix A2)
.

QGIS GIS
. 6
.

QGIS
/ / .
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PostGIS SpatialLite , ESRI shape
, MapInfo, SDTS, GML , OGR

GeoTiff, ERDAS Img., ArcInfo Ascii Grid, JPEG, PNG ,
GDAL(Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)

SpatiaLite (4.3 )
GRASS GRASS .
9
OGC- Web Map Service (WMS) Web Feature Service
(WFS) . OGC- Web Map
Service (WMS) Web Feature Service (WFS) 6
.
OpenStreetMap (12.14 ).
2) 363 A. GNU General Public License
4 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS , GUI
. GUI
.
(on the fly projection)
(map composer)
(overview panel)
(spatial bookmarks)
/(identify/select features)
//(edit/view/search attributes)
(feature labeling)
/ (change vector and raster symbology)
(add a graticule layer)
fTools

, , (decorate
your map with a north arrow scale bar and copyright label)
(save and restore projects)
, , ,
QGIS , , ,
. GRASS
. QGIS
.
OGR GRASS
shapefile GRASS
Georeferencer[]
GPX / GPS .
GPS GPX GPS (Linux usb
. GPS ) /
OpenstreetMap
SPIT shapefile PostGIS
5
PostGIS
(4.5.6 ) Table Manager

PostgreSQL/PostGIS , fTools
Python OGR
. QGIS , , ,
. GRASS
, 400 GRASS
.(9 )

QGIS mapfile , UMN MapServer

. QGIS WMS
WFS WMS .
QGIS
QGIS
. QGIS
. C++
Python .
(Core Plugins)
1. (x,y
)
2. ( )
3. (, , )
4. ( )
5. (
) (
6 QGIS 1.7.0
)
6. DXF2Shp (DXF Shape )
7. GPS (GPS )
8. GRASS (GRASS GIS )
9. GDAL (GDAL QGIS )
10. Georeferencer[] GDAL (GDAL
)
11. (
(interpolation))
12. PostGIS QGIS
13. Mapserver (QGIS project MapServer map

)
14. ( )
15. OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap )
16. Oracle Spatial GeoRaster
17. (QGIS python )
18. SpatiaLite (SpatiaLite SpatiaLite GUI)
19. ( )
20. ( )
21. SPIT (Shapefile PostgreSQL/PostGIS )
22. SQL Anywhere ( SQL Anywhere
)
23. (Spatial Query) (
)
24. WFS (QGIS canvas WFS )
25. eVIS ((Event) )
26. fTools ( )
27. Python (QGIS )
Python
QGIS python
7
. PyQGIS
, Python .(11
)
1.7.0
.
, QGIS 1.0.x QGIS 1.6.0
.
.
277 ,
.
(Symbology labels and diagrams)
.

.
(symbology-ng).

(Font marker) X,Y .
:

/

:
svg .

()
:

//
8 QGIS 1.7.0

:
GDAL DEM GUI
$x, $y, $perimeter

(voronoi)

.
.
.
0

(CRS)

( )

AND OR

Providers and Data Handling
SQLAnywhere
(Table join)

NULL

value NULL (combo boxes).
value id

: expr_
,
NULL

( /, )

undo/redo

/
OGR . (: DGN/DXF).
API
QgsFeatureAttribute .
QgsVectorLayer::featureAdded

C++
. .
fTools . ,
, .
QgsGeometry.validateGeometry .
QGIS
10 QGIS 1.7.0
properties WMS
(wms_metadata.xml )
GetPrint-Request WMS

quickprint - easyprint
OGR - save as
Printing
Undo/Redo
11

. .
GUI
GUI GUI
. ,
GUI
.
Layer
Setting
Add a Raster Layer

Toolbar
Add a Raster Layer
Save as Default
:
:
Digitizing
Layer Properties
General
nviz - Open 3D-View in NVIZ
: Render
: Postgis
:
EPSG ID
Hue 60
: Outline style
Solid Line |
:
13
:
: Transparency 10%
020mm
: Display Name lakes.shp

.

, ,
.
: http://qgis.org
:
Ctrl+B Ctrl B
.
: lakes.shp
: NewLayer
: classFactory
: myhost.de
: --help
.
PROJCS["NAD_1927_Albers",
GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1927",

GUI : {
QGIS}
Quit QGIS .
14 QGIS 1.7.0
File
Linux, Unix, Window File

Quit , OSX QGIS
, Quit .
.
.
.
.
.

.

,
.
,
.
.
15
1. GIS
(GIS)([3]3)) , ,
. (Geospatial data)
.
.
Spatial data , (geographic data), GIS
, , , ,
.
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.

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,
.

,
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3) Tyler Mitchell(http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/7053)
Creative Commons License . Tyler Web Mapping
Illustrated(OReilly, 2005) .
387
17
1.1 ?
5.
6.
,
. ,
.
1.1. ?
.
.
.
. (GPS : Global positioning system)
, 20
.
,
.

, .
GIS CAD
.
PC
, , ,
.
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?
.
.
18 QGIS 1.7.0
1.1.1.
1.1.1.
(raster)
.
. (DEM: digital elevation
model) .
, .
(cell) (pixel)
. .
, (: 30m x 30m).
(: //
)
. (band)
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,
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.
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.
1.1.2.
.
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. x, y
.
x , y
.
1. GIS 19
1.1 ?
,
.

. (map projection) ,
.
3 . ,
.
1.
(x,y)
.
2.
(x1 y1, x2 y2, x3 y4, ... xn yn)
, (x1 y1) (x2 y2)
. (line segment)
. ,
. ,
(line string) .
3.
2 ,
. , ,
.
.
20 QGIS 1.7.0
2.
QGIS , QGIS

.
2.1.
QGIS . MS Windows Mac OSX
. GNU/Linux
. QGIS
.
http://download.qgis.org

QGIS ,
QGIS
.
http://www.qgis.org/en/documentation/manuals.html
QGIS QGIS .

QGIS -configpath , (
/.qgis )
. QGIS
21
2.2.
2.2.
QGIS
.
Windows QGIS
. [ ]
[GIS Database] .
.

.
GIS
QGIS
http://download.qgis.org
QGIS
GNU/Linux Mac OSX rpm, deb, dmg

.
ZIP TAR
qgis_sample_data
.
http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/data
Alaska
. GRASS
. Alaska Alaska Albers Equal Area
, (ft) . EPSG 2964
.
22 QGIS 1.7.0
PROJCS["Albers Equal Area",

GEOGCS["NAD27",
DATUM["North_American_Datum_1927",
SPHEROID["Clarke
1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7008"]],
TOWGS84[-3,142,183,0,0,0,0],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
PROJECTION["Albers_Conic_Equal_Area"],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_1",55],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_2",65],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",50],
PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",-154],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["us_survey_feet",0.3048006096012192]]
QGIS GRASS
, GRASS GIS
(Spearfish South Dakota) .
http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php
2. 23
2.3.
2.3.
QGIS QGIS
.
QGIS
QGIS_sample_data/raster/landcover.img ,
QGIS _sample_data/gml/lakes.gml .
QGIS
Linux: QGIS
QGIS .
Windows: QGIS
QGIS .
Mac OSX: QGIS
.

1.
Add Raster Layer[ ] .
2. qgis_sample_data/raster/ ERDAS IMG

landcover.img
Open[]
.
3.
Filetype "Erdas Imagine Images(*.img, *.IMG)"
.
4.
Add Vector Layer[ ] .
24 QGIS 1.7.0
2.1. QGIS
5. Add Vector Layer[ ] Source Type[ ]
File[] Browse[]
.
6. qgis_sample/gml/
lakes.gml ,
Open[] . [Add Vector]
OK .

lakes
Properties[ ]
Style[] Fill options
10.
Display Labels
2. 25
2.3.
Field containing label[

] Name .

Buffer Labels

Apply
OK
QGIS
. QGIS ,

.
26 QGIS 1.7.0
3.
2 QGIS
.
.
3.1. QGIS
2.3 QGIS .
QGIS ,
.
Linux: QGIS ,
qgis QGIS
QGIS .
QGIS .
Windows:
, QGIS QGIS
.
Mac OSX:
QGIS . , QGIS
/path-toinstallation-executable/Contents/MacOS/Qgis
.
QGIS , Linux, Windows {
File
27
3.1. QGIS
QGIS
Quit[] . Ctrl+B
3.1.1.
QGIS
. , 'qgis --help'
. QGIS
.
qgis --help
Quantum GIS - 1.7.0-Wroclaw Wroclaw (exported)
Quantum GIS (QGIS) is a viewer for spatial data
sets, including raster and vector data.
Usage: qgis [options] [FILES]
Options:
[--snapshot filename] emit snapshot of loaded
datasets to given file
[--width width] width of snapshot to emit
[--height height] height of snapshot to emit
[--lang language] use language for interface text
[--project projectfile] load the given QGIS
project
[--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax] set initial map
extent
[--nologo] hide splash screen
[--noplugins] dont restore plugins on startup
[--optionspath path] use the given QSettings path
[--configpath path] use the given path for all
user configuration
28 QGIS 1.7.0
3.1.1.
[--help] this text

FILES:
Files specified on the command line can include
rasters, vectors, and QGIS project files (.qgs):
1. Rasters - Supported formats include GeoTiff,
DEM and others supported by GDAL
2. Vectors - Supported formats include ESRI and
others supported by OGR and PostgreSQL layers using
the PostGIS extension
QGIS Tip 2
QGIS
. qgis_sample_data
. ,
QGIS . qgis ./raster/landcover.img
./gml/lakes.gml
--snapshot
QGIS PNG
. ,
.
800x600 PNG .
--width --height
. --snapshot
.
--lang
QGIS locale (localization)

. , .
, --lang=it QGIS
.
3. 29
3.1. QGIS
.
http://www.qgis.org/wiki/GUI_Translation_Progress
--project
QGIS QGIS .
--project QGIS , QGIS
.
--extent
QGIS
. --extent xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax
.
--nologo
QGIS QGIS .
noplugins
QGIS
QGIS .
QGIS Plugin Manager[ ]
.
--optionspath
QGIS ,
.
3.7 .
,

.
--configpath
30 QGIS 1.7.0
--optionspath , QGIS
(./qgis) QSettings
.
QGIS .
3.2. QGIS
QGIS QGIS
. ( 1 6 QGIS
.
.)
3.1. Alaska QGIS GUI

: ( )
3. 31
3.2. QGIS
.
QGIS GUI 6 .
1.
4.
2.
3.
5.
6.
QGIS 6
.
.
3.2.1.
QGIS
. .
, 4)
. ,
,
.
. 3.2.2.
.
New Project[ ]
Ctrl+N
3.5
File[]
Open Project[ ]
Ctrl+O
3.5
File[]
File[]
4) .
[Settings] [Configure Shortcuts]
.
32 QGIS 1.7.0
3.2.1.
Open Recent Projects
3.5
[ ]
Save Project[ ]
Save Project As
[ ]
Ctrl+S
Ctrl+
Shift+S
Save as Image
File[]
3.5
File[]
3.6
[ ]
New Print Composer
[ ]
Ctrl+P
Composer Manager
[ ]
Print Composers
3.5
File[]
10
File[]
10
[ ]
Exit[]
10
Ctrl+Q
Ctrl+F
4.5.4
Edit[]
Undo[ ]
Redo[ ]
Cut Features
[ ]
Copy Features[ ]
Paste Features
[ ]
Ctrl+
Shift+Z
4.5.4
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Ctrl+X
4.5.3
Digitizing
Ctrl+C
4.5.3
Digitizing
Ctrl+V
4.5.3
Digitizing
3. 33
3.2. QGIS
Move Features
[ ]
Delete Selected
[ ]
Simplify Feature
[ ]
4.5.3
Digitizing
4.5.3
Digitizing
4.5.4
Add Ring[ ]
4.5.4
Add Part[ ]
4.5.4
Delete Ring[ ]
4.5.4
Delete Part
[ ]
Reshape Features
[ ]
Split Features
[ ]
Merge selected Features
[ ]
4.5.4
4.5.4
4.5.4
4.5.4
Merge attributes of
selected Features
4.5.4
[ ]
Node Tool[ ]
Rotate Point Symbols
[ ]
34 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.3
4.5.4
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
Digitizing
Advanced
Digitizing
3.2.1.
Toggle Editing[ ] ,
(, , ) Edit[] (Feature
Capture) .
Capture Point[ ]
4.5.3
Digitizing
Capture Line[ ]
4.5.3
Digitizing
Capture Polygon[ ]
4.5.3
Digitizing
View[]
Map
Pan Map[ ]
Zoom In[]
Ctrl++
Zoom Out[]
Ctrl+-
Select[]
Navigation
Map
Navigation
Identify Features
3.4.2
Ctrl+
Zoom Full[ ]
3.4
Ctrl+
Navigation
Map
Navigation
[ ]
[ ]
Attributes
Map
Shift+F
Zoom To Layer
Zoom To Selection
Attributes
Attributes
Shift+I
[ ]
Measure[]
Navigation
Map
Ctrl+J
Map
Navigation
3. 35
3.2. QGIS
Map
Zoom Last[ ]
Navigation
Map
Zoom Next[ ]
Navigation
Zoom Actual Size

[ ]
Attributes
Map Tips[ ]
New Bookmark[ ]
Show Bookmarks
[ ]
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+
Shift+B
Refresh[ ]
3.9
Attributes
Map
Navigation
6.2.6
[ ]
Live GPS Tracking
3.10
[ GPS ]
Toolbars[]
Attributes
Ctrl+R
Tile Scale Slider
Panels[]
3.9
Tile Scale
GPS
Information
Toggle Full Screen Mode

[ ]
Ctrl+F
Layer[]
New[ ]
Add Vector Layer

[ ]
36 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.5
Ctrl+
Shift+V
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
3.2.1.
Add Raster Layer

[ ]
Add PostGIS Layer
[PostGIS ]
Add SpatiaLite Layer
[SpatiaLite ]
Add WMS Layer
[WMS ]
Add Delimited Text Layer
[
]
Add Oracle GeoRaster Layer
[Oracle GeoRaster ]
Add SQL Anywhere Layer
[SQL Anywhere ]
Add WFS Layer
[WFS ]
Open Attribute Table
[ ]
Save Edits[ ]
Toggle Editing
[ ]
Ctrl+
Shift+R
Ctrl+
Shift+S
Ctrl+
Shift+L
Ctrl+
Shift+W
4.2
4.3
6.2
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Manage
Layers
Map
Navigation
Attributes
Digitizing
Digitizing
Save As
[ ]
3. 37
3.2. QGIS
Save Selection as Vector File

[ ]
Remove Layer
[() ]
Ctrl+D
Set CRS of Layer(s)
Ctrl+
[ ]
Shift+C
4.5.6
Set Project CRS from Layer

[ ]
Properties[]
Query[]
Labeling[]
Add To Overview
[ ]
Ctrl+
Manage
Shift+O
Layers
Add All To Overview

[ ]
Remove All From Overview
[ ]
Show All Layers
[ ]
Hide All Layers
[ ]
Setting[]
38 QGIS 1.7.0
Ctrl+
Manage
Shift+U
Layers
Ctrl+
Manage
Shift+H
Layers
3.2.1.
Ctrl+
Project Properties
Shift+P
[ ]
Custom CRS
3.5
8.4
[ ]
Style Manager[ ]
Configure Shortcuts
[ ]
3.7
Options[]
Snapping Options
[ ]
Plugin[]
Manage Plugins
11.1
[ ]
Plugin
Python Console
[Python ]
Vector[]
Analysis Tools
[ ]
Research Tools
[ ]
Geoprocessing Calculator
[ ]
3. 39
3.2. QGIS
Geometry Tools
[ ]
Data Management Tools
[ ]
Database[]
Spit
Raster[]
Raster Calculator
5.4
F1
5.4
Help[]
Help Contents
[QGIS ]
Whats this
Shift+F1
API Documentation
[API ]
QGIS Homepage
[QGIS ]
Check QGIS Version
[QGIS ]
About[QGIS ]
40 QGIS 1.7.0
Ctrl+N
Help
3.2.1.
QGIS Sponsors
[QGIS ]
KDE
. GNOME
Settings[] ,
.
Project Properties
[ ]
Edit
Options[]
Configure Shortcuts
[ ]
Style Manager
Custom CRS
[ CRS]
Toolbars[]
Edit
Edit
[ ]
Panels[]
File menu
Toggle Full Screen Mode

[ ]
Tile Scale Slider
[ ]
Edit
View
View
View
View
3. 41
3.2. QGIS
Live GPS Tracking

[ GPS ]
View
3.2.2.

,
. .
.

.
.
QGIS Tip 3
, Setting[]
Toolbars[]
.
3.2.3.
.

.
(Z-ordering) .

.

.
42 QGIS 1.7.0
3.2.3.
Add Group[]
, Enter .

.
,
.
,
Make to top level item[ ] .
.

.

.
GRASS Toggle Editing[ ]
. GRASS
9.7 .

Zoom to layer extent[ ]
Zoom to best scale (100%)[(100%) ]

Show in overview[ ]
Remove[]
Set layer CRS[ ]
Set project CRS from layer[ ]
3. 43
3.2. QGIS
Properties[]
Rename[ ]
Add Group[ ]
Expand all[ ]
Collapse all[ ]

Show in overview[ ]
Remove[]
Set layer CRS[ ]

Open attribute table[ ]
Toggle editing (not available for GRASS layers)[ ]

Save as[ ]
Save selection as[ ]

Query[]
Properties[]
Rename[ ]
44 QGIS 1.7.0
3.2.4.
Add Group[ ]
Expand all[ ]
Collapse all[ ]

Zoom to group[ ]
Remove[]
Set group CRS[ CRS ]

Rename[ ]
Add Group[ ]
Expand all[ ]
Collapse all[ ]
Ctrl

.
.
Ctrl
Ctrl+D
.
.
3.2.4.
QGIS
3. 45
3.2. QGIS
. .
(
.) , ,
.
.
.
.
QGIS Tip 4

. , (
) , ( )
.
.
Setting[]
Option[]
Map tools[] .
QGIS Tip 5
.
,
, .
.
.
3.2.5.

.
View[]
Panels[]
.
.
. ,
46 QGIS 1.7.0
3.2.6.

.

,
Show in overview [
] . Overview

.
,
3.2.6.

(: ) .
, (, , )

.

.
, .
QGIS Tip 6
QGIS (degree). ,
. Settings[]
Project Properties[ ]
General[] (meter) ,
CRS status[ ]

(Coordinate Reference System)
. , (:
+units=m) .
3. 47
3.2. QGIS

.
.
.(3.3 )
.

EPSG .
.
3.2.7.
QGIS .
3.2.1 .
Settings[]
Configure Shortcuts[ ]
Set default[ ]
Change[] ,
Set none[ ]
XML . QGIS
.
3.2.8.
,
.
, .
48 QGIS 1.7.0
3.2.8.
3.2.
(KDE)
3.3.
QGIS
.
.

//
GIS
3. 49
3.3.
on/off
QGIS
.
3.3.1.
,
.
Properties[] . General[]
Use
scale
dependent
rendering[ ] .
, /
, QGIS .
3.3.2.
.
a)
/
Render
[] .
Render[]
QGIS 3.3
. ,
.

50 QGIS 1.7.0
3.3.2.

Render[]
,
.
b)
.
,
.
,
.
Option[]
Settings[]
Rendering[] .
By
default new layers added to the map should be displayed [

.]
,
.
c)

. QGIS
.
Option[]
Settings[]
Rendering[]
.
. 0 (0 ).

3. 51
3.4.
, . 500
.
d)

. Settings[]
Option[] Rendering[]
.
Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of some drawing
performance [ ( .)]
Fix problems with incorrectly filled polygons [
]
3.4.
(: UTM) . ,
() , /
.
(8 ).
.
.

3.4.1. , ,
QGIS ,
Settings[]
Option[] Map tools[ ]

52 QGIS 1.7.0
3.4.1. , ,
. rubberband
(meter, feet), (, , gon) .

.
.
.
.
.
(4.5.1 ).
,
.

.
(a)
(c)
(b)
3.3.
3. 53
3.5.
.
.
,
.
3.4.2.
QGIS
.
.

3.5.
QGIS . QGIS
.
,
(3.7 ). QGIS
File[]
File[]
File[]
Save Project[ ]
Save Project As[ ]
QGIS
Open Project[ ]
54 QGIS 1.7.0
File[]
New Project[ ] .
,
.
.

XML .
QGIS .
QGIS .
QGIS .
Settings[]
Option[]
General[] .
Promt to save project changes when required [

]
Warn when opening a project file saved with an older version
of QGIS [ QGIS
]

File[]
Settings[]
,
.
General[] , , ,
3. 55
3.6.
, , (/)
. ( )
.
CRS[]
. /
.
Identifiable layers[ ]
(identify tool) (3.7

).
WMS Server[WMS ] QGIS
, .
Add WKT geometry
to feature info response [ WKT ]
WMS .
3.6.
QGIS .
3.5 .
.
Save as Image[ ]
(PNG, JPG ), , .
,
(world file, PNGW JPGW) .
New Print Composer[ ]
(10 ).
56 QGIS 1.7.0
3.7. GUI Option

Option[]
QGIS
. Setting
Option[]
.
.
General[]
Prompt to save project changes when required [

]
Warn when opening a project file saved with an older
version of QGIS [ QGIS
]

(Default[], Classic[], gis )
. 12, 24, 32
open layer properties[ ]
open attribute table[ ]
Capitalise layer names in legend [
]
Display classification attribute names in legend [
]
Create raster icons in legend [
]
Hide splash screen at startup [ ]
Open identify results in a dock window (QGIS restart
required) [ . (QGIS
)]
Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart
3. 57
3.7. GUI Option
required) [ (QGIS )]
Open attribute table in a dock window [
(QGIS )]
Add PostGIS layers with double click and select in extended
mode [ PostGIS
]
Add new layers to selected group [
]
( (),
, )
NULL
C++
Rendering[]
By default new layers added to the map should be displayed

[
.(y)]

Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws [
]
Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of some
drawing performance [ (
)]
Fix problems with incorrectly filled polygons [
]
Use new generation symbology for rendering [
]
SVG /
SVG ,
58 QGIS 1.7.0
Settings[]
General[] .
Map tools[ ]
(identify tool)
. Current layer[ ] Top
down[] Top down, stop at first[,
] ,
(3.5

) .
Open feature form, if a single feature is identified[
]
(%)
.
.
.
.
Keep base unit[ ]
Define preferred measurement units (meters or feet) [
] (meter, feet]
Define preferred angle units (Degrees, Radians or Gon) [
] (Degree, Radian, Gon)]
(Zoom[], Zoom and recenter[
], Zoom to cursor[ ],
None[])
.
Overlay[]
(central point (standard)[

[ ], chain[(), popmusic tabu chain[
3. 59
3.7. GUI Option
()], popmusic tabu[ ()], popmusic chain

[ ( )] )
Digitizing[]
.
(to vertex[ ], to
segment[ ], to vertex and segment[
])
.

.
Show markers only for selected features[
.]
(Cross[()], Semi transparent circle
[ ], none[]) .
Reuse last entered attribute values[ ]
Suppress attributes pop-up windows after each create feature
[
.]
CRS[]
.
.
.
Enable on the fly reprojection by default [
(f)]

.
Prompt for coordinate Reference System(CRS)[
(c)]
60 QGIS 1.7.0
Project wide default Coordinate Reference System (CRS) will

be used [ (p)
Global default Coordinate Reference System (CRS) displayed
below will be used [ (y)]
Locale[]
Overwrite system locale and use defined locale instead [

]
(locale)
Network[]
Use proxy for web access [Web ],

, ,
Proxy type
Default Proxy
Proxy .
Socks5Proxy
Generic
proxy. TCP, UDP, binding to a port(incoming connections),

.
HttpProxy
: CONNECT . TCP
. .
HttpCachingProxy
: HTTP . HTTP

FtpCachingProxy
: FTP . FTP

.( )
WMS . .
http://geopole.org/wms/search?search=%1&type=rss
3. 61
3.7. GUI Option
3.4. QGIS Proxy-setting

( ms) - 60000
URL Add[]
( 3.4). URL
,
URL .
.

Remove[]
http://doc.trolltech.com/4.5/qnetworkproxy.html#Pro
xyType-enum QT-library-documentation
.
62 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS Tip 7
.
.
.
QGIS .
:
$HOME/.config/QuantumGIS/qgis.conf
:
$HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist
:
\\HKEY\CURRENT_USER\Software\QuantumGIS\qgis
3.8. (Annotation tools)

QGIS
.
.

. .
,
.
,

. GIS,
.

.
3. 63
3.8. (Annotation tools)
3.5.
3.8.1.
.

qt ( 3.6
). qt
. QGIS
http://blog.qgis.org/node/143 .
: ( , , )
Ctrl+T .
64 QGIS 1.7.0
3.6. qt
3.9. (Spatial Bookmarks)

()
.
3.9.1.
:
1. .
2.
View[]
New Bookmark[ ]
Ctrl+B .
3. ( 255) .
3. 65
3.9. (Spatial Bookmarks)
4.
OK
Cancel
.
.
3.9.2.
View[]
Show Bookmark[ ] .
Geospatial Bookmarks[ ] ,
(Zoom to) .
.
3.9.3.
Geospatial Bookmarks[ ]
Zoom To[] .
.
3.9.4.
Geospatial Bookmarks[ ]
,
.
OK
66 QGIS 1.7.0
Delete[]
3.10. GPS
GPS View[]
Live GPS Tracking[ GPS ] .
GPS .
GPS 4 .( 3.7
3.8 )
(a)
GPS .
.
(b)
GPS
(c)
GPS . .
(d)
GPS ( 3.8. )
GPS
Connect[] QGIS GPS .
( Disconnect[ ] ) GPS
.
GNU/ , GPS
. GPS gpsd
.
[]: GPS
.
3. 67
3.10. GPS
(a)
(b) GPS
(c) GPS
3.7. GPS
3.10.1.
GPS 3.7(a)
.
3.10.2. GPS
GPS ( 3.7(b))
68 QGIS 1.7.0
3.10.4. GPS
3.10.3. GPS
3.7(c)
.
ID.
3.10.4. GPS
GPS
Autodetect []
Use path/port below [ / ] , GPS

/ .
Connect[] GPS .
GPS Cursor Size[GPS ] 10%

.
Auto-add
vertices [ ] GPS
( ) .
GPS map recenter[GPS ] GPS
GPS ,
,
,
.
Track[] .

Position Coordinates[
] , Add feature[ ]
.
3. 69
3.10. GPS
3.8. GPS
70 QGIS 1.7.0
4.
QGIS ESRI Shape , Mapinfo MIF TAB
OGR 5) .
OGR [5]6) 60
.

http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr_formats.html
.
: QGIS
. ,
, , OS GDAL/OGR
. QGIS
.
*.* .
GRASS 9 .

.(ESRI shape files, PostGIS layers, SpatialLite layers) QGIS

. QGIS ,
(identify), (select), (labeling) (attribute)
.
GRASS PostgreSQL QGIS
5) GRASS PostgreSQL QGIS
.
6) 387
71
4.1 ESRI Shapefiles
4.1. ESRI Shapefiles

QGIS ESRI Shapefile. OGR
Simple Feature Library (http://www.gdal.org/ogr/)
. Shapefile ,
3 .
.shp
.dbf dBase
.shx
Shapefile .prj
. , .
Shapefile .
ESRI .
http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shap
efile.pdf
Shape.prj
.prj shape , QGIS

, Layer Properties[ ]
General[]
.
.prj QGIS ,
CRS[]
.
QGIS Shapefile
. , ESRI
72 QGIS 1.7.0
4.1.1. Shapefile
, .prj, QGIS
, .qpj
. QGIS .qpj .prj
.qpj .
4.1.1. Shapefile
Shapefile
QGIS
Add Vector Layer[ ]
Ctrl+ Shift+V .
. ( 4.1 ).

File[] Browse[]
. ( 4.2
) Shape File
.
4.1.
4. 73
4.1 ESRI Shapefiles
4.2. OGC
OGR
. Shapefile
. Open[]
QGIS . 4.3 alaska.shp
.
QGIS Tip 8
.
.
/
.
.
74 QGIS 1.7.0
Properties[]
4.1.1. Shapefile
Layer Properties[] .
4.4.1
.
QGIS Tip 9 OS X
OS X
File[]
Open Project[ ]
. OS X /
. /Volumes

.
4.3. QGIS Alaska Shape File
4. 75
4.1 ESRI Shapefiles
4.1.2.
Shapefile ,
. .
QGIS .qix .
.
Shapefile
Layer Properties[] ( Shapefile
Properties[] )
General[]
Create Spatial Index[ ] .
4.1.3. MapInfo
MapInfo
Add Vector Layer
Ctrl+Shift+V .
[OGR]MapInfo (*.mif*.tab*.MIF*.TAB|
.TAB .tab .
4.1.4. ArcInfo Binary Coverage

ArcInfo Binary Coverage
Add Vector Layer
Add Vector Layer .
76 QGIS 1.7.0
Ctrl+Shift+V
Directory
Arc/Info Binary Coverage | .

.
UK National Transfer Format
TIGER Format
.
4.2. PostGIS Layers

PostGIS PostgreSQL .
PostGIS ,
. PostGIS ,
QGIS OGR .
4.2.1.
PostGIS
PostgreSQL
Add PostGIS Layer Layer[]
Ctrl+Shift+D
Add PostGIS
. Add Vector Layer
Database
. Add PostGIS Table(s)

.
New
Create a New PostGIS Connection .
4.1 .
.
4. 77
4.2. PostGIS Layers
Save Username [ ]
Save Password [ ]
Only look in the geometry_columns table [geometry_columns
]
Only look in the public schema ['public'
]
Also list tables with no geometry [geometry
]
Use estimated table metadata [
]
Test Connect
.
4.1. PostGIS
Name
Service
Host
Port
Database
SSL
Mode
.
.
/
.( ) pg_service.conf
.
. Ping

.
PostgreSQL .
5432.
Database
SSL .
.
-disable : SSL
-allow : Non-SSL , SSL
-prefer() : SSL, non-SSL
-require : SSL
78 QGIS 1.7.0
4.2.2. PostGIS
PostGIS
SSL .
User
name
Password
QGIS Tip 10
QGIS .
: .QGIS
:
QGIS
.
4.2.2. PostGIS
PostgreSQL
. PostgreSQL
Data .
4.2.4 .
PostGIS .
Add PostGIS Table(s)
Add PostGIS Layer .
Connect .
Also list tables with no geometry [geometry
] .

Search
Options
Build Query Build query
4. 79
4.2. PostGIS Layers

.
.
Shift
.
PostgreSQL Query Bulider
4.6 .
Add .
QGIS Tip 11 PostGIS
PostGIS geometry_columns table .
1.6.0 QGIS geometry_columns table
. .
.
PostgreSQL .
4.2.3. PostgreSQL
QGIS PostgreSQL
. QGIS
,
. QGIS PostgreSQL ,
QGIS , QGIS
PostgreSQL
.
QGIS
PostgreSQL .
.
QGIS int4( 4byte)
. ctid .
, oid .
80 QGIS 1.7.0
4.2.4. PostgreSQL
.(PostgreSQL
)
PostgreSQL ,

. QGIS
. SQL
. QGIS SQL
. SQL
.
, QGIS
.
.(int4 ,
)
4.2.4. PostgreSQL
Shp2pgsql
PostgreSQL .
PostGIS PostGIS shapefiles
shp2pgsql . ,
gis_data PostgreSQL lakes.shp
shapefile , :
shp2pgsql
-s
2964
lakes.shp
lakes_new
psql
gis_data
QGIS Tip 12
PostGIS
pgsql2shp PostGIS - shapefile

shp2pgsql .
PostGIS .
4. 81
4.2. PostGIS Layers
gis_data lakes_new
. 2964 (SRID)
. 8
.
SPIT Plugin
QGIS SPIT (PostGIS

Shapefile ). SPIT shapefiles
. Plugin[]
Plugin manager ,
OK
SPIT plugin
. Plugin SPIT
.
Shapefile
SPIT
SPIT-Shapefile to PostGIS Import Tool .
PostGIS Connect .
.
Add
.
OK
. shapefile
/
.
QGIS Tip 13
PostSQL SHAPEFILES
Shapefile PostgreSQL

.
.( )
shapefile .
82 QGIS 1.7.0
4.2.5.
ogr2ogr
PostGIS shp2pgsq SPIT

: ogr2ogr GDAL
. PostGIS shapefile .
ogr2ogr -f "PostgreSQL" PG:"dbname=postgis

host=myhost.de user=postgres \
password=topsecret" alaska.shp
alaska.shp
shapefile
PostGIS
postgis .( myhost.de, topsecret,

postgres)
OGR PostGIS PostgreSQL
.
ogrinfo --formats | grep -i post
PostgreSQL COPY- INSERT INTO
- (
export PG_USE_COPY=YES
ogr2ogr shp2pgsl
. SQL
CREATE INDEX . ( 4.2.5
)
4.2.5.
PostgreSQL
4. 83
4.2. PostGIS Layers
.
postgreSQL
. PostGIS
GiST( ) .
GiST27) .
CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename]
USING
GIST
(
[geometryfield]
GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS );

. , VACUUM ANALYZE .
PostGIS [8]8) .
GiST .
gsherman@madison:~/current$ psql gis_data
Welcome to psql 8.3.0, the PostgreSQL interactive
terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute
query
\q to quit
gis_data=#
alaska_lakes
gis_data-#
CREATE
INDEX
USING
sidx_alaska_lakes
GIST
ON
(the_geom
GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS);
7) GiST http://postgis.refractions.net PostGIS
.
8) 387
84 QGIS 1.7.0
4.2.6. 180
CREATE INDEX
gis_data=# VACUUM ANALYZE alaska_lakes;
VACUUM
gis_data=# \q
gsherman@madison:~/current$
4.2.6. 180
GIS () 180
. QGIS ,

. 4.4 (Chatham )
.
4.4. 180
PostGIS ST_Shift_Longitude9)
.
/ , 0
360 .
PostGIS SPIT PostGIS

.(4.2.4 )
9)http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/manual-1.4/ST_Shi
ft_Longitude.html
4. 85
4.3. SpatiaLite Layers
4.5. ST_Shift_Longtitude 180

PostGIS
. ( TABLE PostGIS )
gis_data=# update TABLE set
the_geom=ST_shift_longitude(the_geom);
,
, ( 4.5)
.
4.3. SpatiaLite Layers

SpatiaLite ,
Add SpatiaLite Layer Layer[]
L
Add SpatiaLite Layer[SpatiaLite ]
86 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS SpatiaLite
,
.
, New SpatiaLite
, .sqlite
.
SpatiaLite ,
.
Save as[ ] , , sqlite
CRS[] , OGR
SPATIALITR=YES . SpatiaLite
OGR .
http://www.gdal.org/ogr/drv_sqlite.html
.
SpatiaLite
SpatiaLite , 4.5.5 .
QGIS Tip 14 SpatiaLite
SpatiaLite 'QGIS Contributed Repository
Python Plugin . ,
Python Plugin QGIS SQL (QGIS ,
ViewSpatial Tables, QGIS Queries) ,
SQL Query Builder .
4.4.
Layer Properties[] , ,
PostgreSQL/PostgGIS
General[]
4. 87
4.4.
Query Builder SQL
. Layer Properties[]

Properties[] .
4.4.1.
QGIS 1.4.0
. QGIS 1.7.0

.
4.4.4 .

: ( ),
( ), ( ).
.
,
. .
.

.

Font marker:
Simple marker:
SVG marker: SVG

88 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.1.
4.6.
Line decoration: , :
Marker line:
Simple line: ( ,
)

Centroid fill:
SVG fill: SVG
Simple fill: ( ,
, )
Outline: Line decoration : , :

4. 89
4.4.
Outline: Marker line : Area
Outline: Simple line : Area , ,

Color ramps

. .
3 .
Gradient
Random:
ColorBrewer:

Style Manager Color ramp
Add
.(4.4.3
)
Syles
.

. ( )
. QGIS
.
Renderers
Renderer .
Renderer 4 .(single symbol, categorized (
unique ), graduated and rule-based)
Renderer Renderer ,
Renderer .
90 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.2.
Categorized Graduated Renderer

.
.
4.4.2.
Style[] 4 Renderer
: single symbol, categorized, graduated and rule-based.

Renerer .
. Style
Manager Style Manager .(4.4.3 )
Style Manager ,
.
Single Symbol Renderer
Single Symbol Renderer

.
Style[]
.

.
.
.
Simbol Properties[]
Change
Color .
Style[]

. ( Save as style
4. 91
4.4.
Advanced
).
Symbol levels
(
).

( Save as style ), .
Categorized Renderer
Categorized Renderer
,
. Style[] .
(Column listbox )
(Symbol dialog )
(Color Ramp listbox )

Advanced
.

.
4.8 QGIS
category
rendering .
New color ramp
. ramp (Gradient, Random,
ColorBrewer) .

.
4.9 .
92 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.2.
(a) Sing symbol point properties (b) Sing symbol line properties
(c) Sing symbol area properties

4.7.: Single Symbolizing options
Graduated Renderer
Graduated Renderer

. Categorized Renderer
.
the categorized , Style[]
.
(Column list box )
(Symbol Properties button )
(Color Ramp list )
4. 93
4.4.
4.8. Categorized Symbolizing options

(Mode list ) .
.
Equal Interval
Quantile
Natural Breaks (Jenks)
Standard Deviation
Pretty Breaks
Style[] ,
.
94 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.2.
4.10 QGIS
.
Rule-based rendering
Rule-based rendering
Rule-based
. SQL .
Query Builder .
,
.
4.11 QGIS
Rule-based rendering .
4.9.
4. 95
4.4.
Point displacement
QGIS
.

.
.
Symbol Properties

.
.
Layer Properties Style[]
Properties[]
.
,
, .

.
Symbol Layer Type .
(Point, Line, Polygon).

SimpleMarker: , , , , Offset
X,Y
SvgMarker: , , Offset X,Y, SVG Image

LineDecoration:
MarkerLine: Marker, Marker , Marker , Line offset
SimpleLine: , , , Offset, Join style and
Cap style
96 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.4.

SimpleFill: , , , ,

4.4.3. Style Manager

Style Manager ,
.
. Style Manager
Setting[]
Style Manager .
4.4.4.
: QGIS 1.7
,
.(4.4.1 )
Layer Properties
Style[] Old symbology .
, Setting[]
Option
Rendering
Use
new
generation
symbology for rendering [ ]

.
QGIS renderer .
Single symbol

Graduated symbol

4. 97
4.4.
4.10.
Continuous color

Unique value

, Layer Properties
.
(Style Options)
.
(mapfeature) .
renderer
98 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.4.
.
.
Fill options Fill style
Fill style ? Texture |
.
*.jpeg, *.xpm, *.png
.
Fill color
Outline options Outline style

.
no pen .
Outline color
Outline width
,
(*.qml).
,
Load Style...
Save Style...
.

Save As Default
. ,
Restore Default Style
.
Vector transparency( )
QGIS .
Style[] Transparency 10%
.( 4.11 )
.
4. 99
4.4.
4.11. Ruled-based Symbology options
4.4.5. (Labels Tab)

QGIS 1.7.0 old/new labeling
. Labels[] old labeling
. new labeling
old label .
new labeling ,
4.4.6 . Labels[] old labeling
labeling , , , ,
. QGIS_example_dataset shapefile
labeling :
100 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.5. (Labels Tab)
1. Shapefile(Alaska.shp) GML lakes.gml QGIS .

2. .
3. lakes .
4. Layer Properties .
5. Labels[] .
6.
Display labels [ ]
.
7.
NAMES |
.
8. . QGIS NAMES

.
Multiline labels? [
9.
?] . QGIS label field
, .
\n( .
/ n ).
. (
)
10. Apply .
label . ?
marker symbol .
Font[] Font[] Color[]
.
.
:
4. 101
4.4.
4.12.
1.
Font[]
2. Placement[]
.
Right[]
3.
4. Apply
, label marker
. Position
.
X, Y offset() . X
102 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.5. (Labels Tab)
offset 5 label marker

. marker symbol
.
label Buffer . Buffer
.
label :
1.
Buffer labels? [ ?]
.
2. .
3. Color[]
, .
4. Apply .
, Apply
.
1 (point) .
map unit .
Labels[]
. Data defined
label .
Labels[] .
4. 103
4.4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.13.
104 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.6.
4.14. Style Manager
4.4.6.
Labeling[] ,
.
4.4.5 QGIS labeling
, (on-the-fly)
.

1. QGIS , ,
.
4. 105
4.4.
2. QGIS
Labeling[] .
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) Unique Value
4.15.

Label this layer [ ]
, .

label placement, text style, labeling priority, scale-based
visibility . ( 4.16).
106 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.6.

, .

label placement, orientation, distance to feature, text
style, labeling priority, scale-based visibility . (
4.17).

, .

label placement, distance and text style, labeling
priority, scale-based visibility . ( 4.18).
4.16. Smart labeling
Engine settings
label placement . Chain, Popmusic Tabu,
4. 107
4.4.
Popmusic Chain, Popmusic Tabu Chain and FALP

. candidate , ,
label (colliding label ) candidate
.
108 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.6.

.
: left, center, right
: bottom, base, half, top
Colors can be specified in svg notation, : #ff0000
for bold, underlined, strikeout and italic: 0 = false 1 = true
. : base right or bottom
left
4.19.
4.4.7. (Attribute Tab)
Attribute[] /
4. 109
4.4.
Toggle Editing[ ]
New Column[ ]
Delete Column[ ]
PostGIS Column . GDAL

version >= 1.6 OGR Library column
.
GDAL/OGR trac patch ticket .
QGIS(
(http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/2671)
GDAL/OGR SW) shapefile column 2
.
QGIS 2 Table Manager
.
Edit widget
Attribute[] edit widget Column
. Column attribute table column

.
Edit widget
, widgets
. widgets
.
Line Edit: (
)
Classification: Style[] unique value
(Classification)
.
Range: . edit
widget spin box .
Unique values:
110 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.7. (Attribute Tab)
.
Autocompletion line edit
combo box .
File name: dialog .
Value map: . (Value)
attribute combo box .
CSV
.
Enumeration: Columns Type
combo box . POSTGRES
.
Immutable: The immutable attribute column .
.
Hidden: attribute column .
.
Checkbox: () .
attribute column
.
Text edit:
.
Calendar: widget . Column
type .
4. 111
4.4.
4.20.
4.4.8. (General Tab)

General[]
. Display name
spatial index (PostGIS OGR
) projection
. Qt Creater IED http://qt.nokia.com/products/developer-tool
Edit User Interface
. Query Builder
Subset .
attribute table Advanced Search
112 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.10. (Action Tab)
4.4.9. (Metadata Tab)

Metadata[] , , , ,
.
Extents extent Layer Spatial
Reference System CRS .
.

QGIS action
. argument

action . Action

.
. .

action Layer Properties .

Action
Layer Properties
Action[] . Action Action
.

.
Action %
4. 113
4.4.
. %%
identify results
. ( Using Actions ). Double quote mark ,
command
. Double quote .
name substrings name (: col1
and col10) name [ ] .
(: [%col10])
%col10 name %col1 name
. QGIS
.
[[%col10]] .
Identify Result (Derived)
. derived name (Derived)

.
x y
%(Derived).Xand%(Derived).Y Action .
Derived
Identify Result
Attribute Table .
2 .
konqueror
http://www.google.com/search?q=%nam
konqueror http://www.google.com/search?q=%%
Konqueror URL
.
. Action
.

.
/opt/kde3/bin/konqueror
114 QGIS 1.7.0
http://www.google.com/search?q=%nam actions
konqueror .
%%
. Action %%
.

Action Identify Result Attribute Table
Identify Features[ ]
Open Attribute Table[ ]
).
Action
. Action action
. Action . %%
Action

Identify Result Attribute Table
.
bash echo command(
)
. , Taxon_name,
lat long .
(localities) record
export . (QGIS ).
Action .
bash -c "echo \"%taxon_name %lat %long\" >>
/tmp/species_localities.txt"
4. 115
4.4.
Action
output .
Acacia mearnsii -34.0800000000 150.0800000000
Acacia mearnsii -34.9000000000 150.1200000000
Acacia mearnsii -35.2200000000 149.9300000000
Acacia mearnsii -32.2700000000 150.4100000000

.
URL
.
URL . QGIS
URL
http://google.com/search?q+qgis .
.
1.
2. Legend
Properties
Layer Properties .
3. Action[]
4. Google Search Action .
5. Action
. Firefox .
.
6. URL
. .
http://google.com/search?q=
7. Action Text .
firefox http://google.com/search?q=
8. lakes
116 QGIS 1.7.0
Insert Field[ ]
.
9.
NAMES |
Insert Field[ ] .
10. Action Text .

firefox http://google.com/search?q=%NAMES
11. Insert Action[ ] .
Action .
:
firefox http://google.com/search?q=%NAMES
Action . Layer Properties
. lakes
. Result action .
4.21.
4. 117
4.4.
Action
Firefox
URL
http://www.google.com/search?q=Tustumena .
Action .
Action +
Insert Field[ ] .
Identify Result
.
Action .

viewer Action .

Action .
4.4.11. (Joins Tab)

Joins[]
. join layer, join field target field

key column . QGIS OGR
non spatial table formats, , PostgreSQL Provider
join . ( 4.22).
Add vector join[ ]
.
Cache join layer in virtual memory [
]
Create attribute index on the join field [
]
118 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.11. (Joins Tab)
4.22.
4.4.12. (Diagram Tab)

Diagram[] Graphic
.( 4.23).

,
.
labeling .
climate vector
Barchart . 2
4. 119
4.4.
4.23.
QGIS . (2.2 )
1.
Add Vector Layer[ ]
QGIS Alaska.shp
climate.shp .
2. climate Layer Properties
.
3. Diagram[] Pie chart[ ]
.
4. 3 T_F_JAN, T_F_JUL
T_F_MEAN . T_F_JAN
120 QGIS 1.7.0
4.4.12. (Diagram Tab)
+ . T_F_JUL T_F_MEAN
.
5. Linear
T_F_JUL .
scaling
6. Find maximum value[ ]

10 Apply .
7.
. 4.24 .
8.
OK
4.24.
4. 121
4.5.
4.5.
QGIS OGR, PostGIS
.
: GRASS .
9.7 .
QGIS Tip 15
QGIS 1.7.0
tracking .
.
4.5.1.

.

.

.
.
1. Setting[]
(
Edit
Option[]
QGIS
Option[] ) Digitizing[] ,

122 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.1.
.
.
.
/ .
( ) feet .
1:10,000 300ft
.
2.
Setting[] (
File[] )
Snapping option[] .( 4.25
)

.

.
.

.
4.25.
4. 123
4.5.
QGIS .
,
. QGIS
.
.

Setting[]
Option[]
Digitizing[]
4.5.2. /
, /
. .
Pan[]
Zoom-in /
Zoom-out
.
/

, . /

, .
. Setting[]
Option[] Map tools[] .
124 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.3.

, ,
, .

. PgUp PgDn / .

Setting[] (
File[] )
Snapping option[]
.
Enable topological editing [
]
Avoid
Int [ ] .

Enable topological editing [ ]

.
QGIS
.

Avoid Int [
].
.
4.5.3.
QGIS .
.
4. 125
4.5.
, (
), .
PostgreSQL/PostGIS
.
4.5.4 ,
.
View[]
Toolbars[] /
. .
4.2.
Toggle Editing[ ]
.
.
Toggle Editing[ ] .
,
.
QGIS Tip 16
Save Edits[ ] .
.
126 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.3.
Capture points[ ]
Capture line[ ]
Capture polygon[ ]
QGIS .

.
.

.
4.26.
.
.
4.26 rivers
.
Setting[]
Option[]
Digitizing[]
4. 127
4.5.
.
Reuse last entered attribute values[ ]
Suppress attributes pop-up windows after each created feature[
.]

Move Feature[ ]
.
QGIS Tip 17
shapefile .
Enter Attribute Value[ ]
.
Attribute Table[ ] .
Shape-file PostgreSQL/PostGIS
Node Tool[ ] CAD
.
, .
,
. QGIS ,
.
.
Setting[]
Option[]
Digitizing[]
Search Radius[ ] 10
.
.
128 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.3.
QGIS Tip 18
QGIS , ,
3 .
Setting[]
Option[] Digitizing[]

Node Tool[ ]
.
.
.
.
.
: ,
.
.
.
Ctrl
Ctrl
Shift
. (,
,
.)
:
.
,
.
: Delete
Node Tool[ ] . QGIS
4. 129
4.5.
Delete Selected[ ]
: .

, .

.
undo .
.
, .
, ,
Toggle Editing[ ]
, QGIS
, , .

. CSV , OGC
WKT(Well-Known Text) .
QGIS 1.7.x QGIS
. ?
/
. ? 5,000
,
.
, / .
.
1. ()
2. () .
3. .
4. .
130 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.3.
Select[ ]
5.
.
6.
Copy Feature[ ] .
7. .
8.
Paste Feature[ ] .
9. .
?(
) QGIS
.
. (
)
.
QGIS Tip 19

.

.
.
Select[ ]
.
.
Delete Selected[ ]
Cut Feature[ ]
.
.
Paste Feature[ ]
. , undo . ,
4. 131
4.5.
, .
.
QGIS Tip 20
ESRI shape file , QGIS GDAL 1.3.2
.
OS X QGIS GDAL 1.3.2
.
QGIS
. , .
Save Edits[ ]
, .
Toggle Editing[ ]
( QGIS )
. (
) QGIS
. .
QGIS Tip 21

. QGIS
, .
4.5.4.

Undo[]
Redo[]
.
, /
.( 4.27 )
132 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.4.
.
/ .
/
.
Undo[] ,
. (:
) ,
.
4.27. Redo Undo

/ .
,
.

Simplify Feature[ ]

. .
4. 133
4.5.
4.3.
OK
. ( MultiPolygon[
]) .

Add Ring[ ]
. ,
.
,
.

Add Part[ ] (
)
. ,
.

Delete Ring[ ]
. .
134 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.4.
.
.
.

Delete Part[ ]
.
, . ,
.
, , , .
.

Reshape Feature[ ]
.

.
.
, .
.
.
.

.
. .

. .
,
.
: reshape .
4. 135
4.5.
,
.

Split Features[ ]
.
.

Merge selected Features[ ]
Merge attributes of selected Features[ ]

.

Rotate Point Symbols[ ]
.
Layer Properties Style[]
,
.
.
, .
( 4.28 ).
.
:
Ctrl 15 .
136 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite
4.28.
4.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite

QGIS shapefile spatilite
. GRASS GRASS
. GRASS
9.6. .
Shapefile
Shape
New[]
Layer[]
New Shapefile Layer[ Shapefile ]
4.29
New Vector Layer[ ] .
(, , ) .
QGIS 2.5D (measure feature)
. shapefile .
4. 137
4.5.
OGR PostgreSQL
.
shapefile ,
, Add[ ]
. . id
.
Type
Real[] | ,
Type
Integer[] | ,
Type
String[]| .
OK
shapefile . .shp .
, 4.5.3
.
SpatiaLite
Layer[]
New[]
New Spatialite Layer[ Spatialite ]
spatialite . 4.30
New Spatialite Layer[ Spatialite ] .
Spatialite spatialite
.
.
.
Create an
autoincrementing primary key [ ]
. spatialite
,
Add to attribute list[ ] .
138 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.6.
4.29. shapefile

OK .
, 4.5.3
.
Spatialite
OK Apply .
4.5.6.
.
4. 139
4.5.
4.30. SpatiaLite
,
. , , .
,
.
Layer[]
Open Attribute Table[ ] .
140 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.6.
.
. ( 4.31
)
.

.
.
.
.
Ctrl ,
Shift
4.31.
.

.
4. 141
4.5.
.
, .
.
.( ,
)
Look for[ ] . (
) Search[] .

.
. 4.6 .

Show selected only [
] .

Search selected only [ ]
.
Case sensitive [ ]
.
.
Unselected all[ ]
Ctrl+U
Move selected to top[ ]
Ctrl+T
Invert selection[ ]
Ctrl+S
Copy selected rows to clipboard[ ]

Ctrl+C
Zoom map to the selected to rows[ ]
Ctrl+J
Toggle editing[ ] : Ctrl+E
142 QGIS 1.7.0
4.5.6.
Delete Selected feature[ ] Ctrl+D

New Column[ ]
GDAL 1.6 PostGIS
OGR : Ctrl+W
Delete Column[ ]
PostGIS :
Ctrl+L
Open field calculator[ ]
Ctrl+I
OGR
.
, (3.2.3 ) .
OGR .
QGIS Tip 22
PostGIS
. QGIS
. GDAL/OGR 1.6.0
.
QGIS .
OGR , , PostgresSQL
.
,
.
Open Attribute Table[ ] ,
4. 143
4.6.

.
4.4.7 .
4.6.
Advanced search...[] Query Builder[
] , SQL
, shapefile
. , population towns
, SQL population
> 100000 10
. 4.32 PostgresSQL PostGIS
.
SQL .
Fields[]
. SQL
.
, , SQL where
.
Values[] .
, , All[]
.
Sample , .
SQL where
.
Operators[]
. SQL where
. (=, >, ),
(LIKE), (AND, OR, ) .
144 QGIS 1.7.0
Test
, .
Clear
SQL .
Save
Load SQL .
QGIS Tip 23
, SQL
.
Layer Properties[ ]
General[] Query Builder SQL

. 4.4 .
OK
QGIS 4.6
. 4.6
.
Select by Query[ ]
.
.
,
.
Advanced search...[] .
4.6
.

4. 145
4.6.
4.32.
OGR
, .
, (3.2.3 )
. OGR .
4.7.

Open field calculator[ ]
(
) .

146 QGIS 1.7.0
.
PostGIS GDAL 1.6.0 OGR
.
( 4.33
) .
,
, ,
4.33.
.
, (, ,
), , .
10 3 6
, 3 .
Fields[]
4. 147
4.7.
.
.
, .
Values[] .
All[]
. .

.
Operators[] .
.
(+,-,*, ), (sin, cos, tan, ), (,
) , (||)
.
!
. QGIS
_example_dataset railroads
.
1. railroad.shp QGIS Attribute Table

.
2.
Toggle editing[ ]
Open field calculator[ ] .
3.
Update existing field [
] .
4. length ,
real, 10 3 .
5. length $length

OK
,
148 QGIS 1.7.0
4. 149
4.7.
4.4.

NULL
Null
sqrt(a)
sin(a)
a
cos(a)
a
tan(a)
a
asin(a)
a
acos(a)
a
atan(a)
a
to int(a)
a
to real(a)
a
to string(a)
a
lower(a)
a
upper(a)
a
length(a)
a
atan2(y,x)
y/x (arctan)
replace(a, replacethis,
a replacethis withthat
withthat)

a from len
substr(a,from,len)
( 1)
a || b
a b
$rownum

$area

$perimeter

$length

$id
feature id
$x
x
$y
y
a ^ b
a b
a * b
a b
a / b
a b
a + b
a b
a b
a b
+ a
a
- a
a
String
150 QGIS 1.7.0
5.

. QGIS GDAL , Arc/Info Binary
Grid, Arc/Info ASCII Grid, GeoTIFF, Erdas Imagine
.
, GDAL 100
http://www.gdal.org/foramts_list.html .
: QGIS
. , ,
OS GDAL
. QGIS ,
. *.*
.
GRASS 9
.
5.1. ?
GIS ,
.
(QGIS
).
.
151
5.2. QGIS
,
.
X/Y . QGIS
.
QGIS ( GeoTiff) ,
world .
5.2. QGIS
Add Raster Layer[ ]
Layer[]
Add a Raster Layer[ ]
.
Open a GDAL Supported Raster Data Sources
[GDAL ]
Ctrl
Shift
.
,

.

Zoom to best scale (100%)[(100%) ]

Show in overview[ ]
Remove[]
152 QGIS 1.7.0
Set layer CRS[ ]
Properties[]
Rename[ ]
Add Group[ ]
Expand all[ ]
Collapse all[ ]
5.3.
,

Properties[] .
5.1 Raster Layer Properties[ ]

.
Style[]
Transparency[]
Colormap[]
General[]
Metadata[]
Pyramidsl[]
Histogram[]
5. 153
5.3.
5.3.1. (Style Tab)

QGIS
.

,

3
3 Red,
Green, Blue

Invert color map[ ]
.
Single band rendering[ ]
.
. ( )
.
color map[ ]
color map |
Colormap[] .
5.3.3 .
3
3
. RGB
.
QGIS Tip 24
(, Red ) , Green Blue

NOT SET[ ]
, . Red
grayscale , Gray Red
.
154 QGIS 1.7.0
5.3.2. (Transparency Tab)
5.1.
5.3.2. (Transparency Tab)

QGIS
.
.
.
3
.

Add value display[ ]
NODATA .
Custom transpareny option[ ]
5. 155
5.3.
.
.
landcover.tif 20%
. .
1. landcover .
2. ,
Properties[]
Properties[] .
3. Transparency[] .
Add value manually[ ]
4.
.
5. ( 0 ) 20%
.
6. Apply[] .
4, 5
. ,
Export to file[ ]
Import to file[ ]
5.3.3. (Colormap Tab)

Colormap[]
.(5.3.1 )
3 .
Discrete[]
156 QGIS 1.7.0
Linear[]
Exact[]
Add Entry[]
.
Delete Entry[]
.
Sort[]
.
. Select color ,
.
identify feature tool[ ]
.
Load colormap for Band[ ]
( ).
Generate New Colormap[ ]
.
Number of classes[ ] 15
Classify[] .
Classification mode[ ]
Equal Interval[] |
5.3.4. (General Tab)

General[]
5. 157
5.3.
, .
scale-dependent visibility[ ]
.
(CRS) PROJ.4 .
Specify[] .
5.3.5. (Metadata Tap)

Metadata[]
.
,
.
,
. Histogram[]
Refresh[] . 5.3.7
.
5.3.6. (Pyramid Tab)

QGIS .
(, pyramids) , /
QGIS .

.
.
Average[]
Nearest Neighbor[]
158 QGIS 1.7.0
Build pyramids internally if possible [

] QGIS
. ,
.
.
5.3.7. (Histogram Tab)

Histogram[]
.
Histogram[]
.
.
5.4.
QGIS Tip 25
pseudocolor[]
Apply . ,
QGIS ..
Raster[] Raster Calculator[
.
GDAL .
Raster bands[ ]
. raster calculater
expression[ ] .
.
Result layer[ ]
5. 159
5.4.
.
, X, Y ,
.
, nearest neighbor[ ]
.
Operation section[]
.
. ( +,-,* ), (sin, cos, tan,
)
.
!
Add result to project [ ]
.
5.5.
, QGIS 1.7 GDALTools
.
12.7 .
160 QGIS 1.7.0
5.2.
5. 161
6. OGC
QGIS WMS WFS . WMS
WFS WFS-T .
6.1. OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) 300
, ,
. OGC , GIS
.
,
GIS
(Specification) .
http://www.opengeospatial.org
.
OGC .
WMS - Web Map Service
WFS - Web Feature Service
WCS - Web Coverage Service
CAT - Web Catalog Service
SFS - Simple Features for SQL
GML - Geography Markup Language
163
6.2. WMS
OGC

. QGIS SFS, WFS, WMS 3
. SFS PostgreSQL/PostGIS (4.2
) WFS, WMS .
6.2. WMS
6.2.1. WMS
QGIS WMS 1.1 1.1.1, 1.3 WMS
. DEMIS JPL OnEarth
.
WMS (QGIS ) , ,
, WMS
. WMS

. QGIS JPEG PNG .
WMS
REST(Representational State Transfer) .

QGIS URL ,
QGIS
. WMS ,
WMS
.
URL ,
, HTTP , WMS
.
164 QGIS 1.7.0
6.2.2. WMS
6.2.2. WMS
WMS ,
.
Add WMS layer[WMS ]

Layer[]
Add WMS Layer [WMS ]
.
Add Layer(s) from a Server[ ]
, .
Add default servers[ ]
. NASA (JPL) WMS

3 WMS .
New[ ]
Layer[] WMS
. 6.1
WMS .
WMS
,
Settings[]
Option[] Network
,
Use proxy for web access [Web ]
.
Proxy type[ ]
. WMFS
QGIS .
6. OGC 165
6.2. WMS
6.1. WMS
Name
. Server Connections
WMS
URL
.
URL.
Ping
User
name
Password
.
WMS .
.
WMS .
Ignore
.
Ignore GetMap URI reported in capabilities
GetMap
[GetCapabilites GetMap URI
URI
]
GetCapabilities GetMap URI
Ignore
URL .
Ignore GetFeatureInfo URI
GetFeatur
capabilities
eInfo URI
GetFeatureInfo URI ]
GetCapabilities
reported
[GetCapabilities
in
GetFeatureInfo URI URL

.
QGIS Tip 26
WMS URLs
WMS URL URL .

URL request=GetCapabilities version=1.0.0
WMS .
166 QGIS 1.7.0
6.2.3. WMS Layer
6.2.3. WMS Layer

(WMS URL ) Connect[]
.
, ,
.
, WMS
. WMS
, WMS
.
6.1(NADA JPL OnEarth WMS )
.
(Image Encoding)
Image encoding[ ]
.
.
(Options)
Options[] WMS /
.
.
WMS
.
Change...
WMS .
QGIS Tip 27
WMS JPEG PNG .
WMS
JPEG . JPEG PNG
6. OGC 167
6.2. WMS
5 .

PNG ..
6.1. WMS
(Layer Order)
Layer Order[ ] WMS
.
.
.

. ,
WMS QGIS .
QGIS Tip 28 WMS
WMS Layers
168 QGIS 1.7.0
6.2.3. WMS Layer
Layer Order[ ] .
(Transparency)
QGIS
.
QGIS Tip 29
WMS
WMS .
PNG GIF JPEG .
(Coordinate Reference System)
Coordinate Reference System (CRS) QGIS OGC

. WMS WMS
. Layer[]
Coordinate Reference System (x available)
[ (x )] x .
Change...
. 8.3
8.2 . WMS
8.2 WMS
WMS
.
QGIS Tip 30 WMS
, WMS
. WMS
.

(8.2 ) . WMS
WMS WMS
.
6. OGC 169
6.2. WMS
6.2.4. (Server-Search)
QGIS WMS .
Add Layer(s) from a Server[ ]
Search[] . ( 6.2 )
6.2. WMS

Search[]
170 QGIS 1.7.0
6.2.5. (Layer Order)

Add selected row to WMS list[ WMS ]
. Layer[] .
QGIS
WMS .
Connect[] .

. http://geopole.org
API.
6.2.5. (Layer Order)

Layer Order[ ]
. WMS
.

.
6.2.6. Tilesets
http://labs.metacarta.com/wms-c/Basic.py
WMS-C (Cached WMS) , Tilesets[]

. , ,
.
View[]
Tile scale slider
,
.
6. OGC 171
6.2. WMS
6.2.7.
WMS , WMS

.
WMS .
, WMS
.

WMS ,
Properties[]
.
(Metadata Tab)
Metadata[] WMS
(GetCapabilities) . WMS [6]10), [7]11)

,
.
Server Properties
WMS Version[WMS ]
WMS .
Image Formats[ ] -
MIME-type . QGIS image/png
image/jpeg Qt
Identity Formats[ ] -
MIME-type. QGIS text-plain .
10) 387
11) 387
172 QGIS 1.7.0
6.3.1. WFS
Layer Properties
Selected[]

.
Visible[] - Visible
.
Can Identify[ ]
.
[Identify]
Can be Transparent[ ]

,
QGIS .
Can Zoom In[ ]
,
QGIS WMS
, .
Cascade Count[ ] - WMS
WMS
.
Fixed Width[ ], Fixed Height[ ] -
. QGIS
.

WGS 84 Bounding Box[WGS 84 ] - WGS 84

Available in CRS[ ]
.
Available in style[ ]
WMS
WMS
6.2.8. WMS Client

QGIS WMS
6. OGC 173
6.3. WFS WFS-T
. .
WMS
Add WMS layer[WMS ] WMS
.
WMS .
WMS
WMS .
WMS . WMS

6.2.2 .
QGIS Tip 31 OGC
(basic authentication) WMS
, InteProxy
.
http://inteproxy.wald.intevation.org
InteProxy .
QGIS Tip 32 QGIS WMS MAPSERVER
1.7.0 QGIS WMS 1.3.0 (Map Server)
. 7 .
6.3. WFS WFS-T

6.3.1. WFS
QGIS, WFS
.
. QGIS 1.6 WFS-T()
, .
174 QGIS 1.7.0
6.3.1. WFS
WFS
Plugin[]
Manage Plugins[ ]
plugin[WFS ]
OK
WFS
Add WFS layer[WFS ]
WMS
. . WFS
WMS
.
.
WFS
DM Solutions WFS
.
URL .
http://www2.dmsolutions.ca/cgi-bin/mswfs_gmap
1. WFS ,
Plugin[]
Manage Plugins[ ]
.
2.
Add WFS layer[WFS ]
.
3. New[ ] .
4. Name[] DM Solutions
.
5. [URL]
http://www2.dmsolutions.ca/cgi-bin/mswfs_gmap
.
6.
OK
6. OGC 175
6.3. WFS WFS-T
7. Server Connections[]
DM Solutions |
.
8. Connect[] .
9. .
10. Parks .
6.3. WFS
11.
OK
12. .
, WFS
.
Only request features overlapping the current view extent[
] QGIS
WFS .
, ,
176 QGIS 1.7.0
6.3.1. WFS
WFS ,
BBOX WFS
. WFS
.
QGIS
. ,
.
MapServer WFS
.
.
.
WFS WFS 1.0.0 .
WFS
,
. 13 .
QGIS Tip 33
WFS
WFS (Google)
. WFS URL
.
6. OGC 177
7. QGIS Server
QGIS Server WMS 1.3 ,
. QGIS
Server C++ FastCGI/CGI(Common Gateway Interface)
, (: Apache, Lighttpd) .
EU , Sany, Uster
.
QGIS GIS QGIS
. C++
Qt . WMS
QGIS SLD/SE
.
QGIS Publish to Webp[ ]
. QGIS
QGIS . QGIS
SLD .
QGIS
, GIS .
,
. SLD
, ,
.
QGIS .
URL .
179
7.1. Debian Squeeze
http://karlinapp.ethz.ch/qgis_wms/
http://www.qgis.org/wiki/QGIS_mapserver_tutorial
http://linfiniti.com/2010/08/qgis-mapserver-a-wms
-server-for-the-masses/
7.1. Debian Squeeze

Debian Squeeze QGIC
. OS QGIS
. URL
.
QGIS QGIS-map
Apache2 . Aptitude
, apt get
.
QGIS
. /etc/init.d/apache2 start Apache
. http://localhost
. Apache , It works!
.
QGIS
/usr/lib/cgibin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi qgis_mapserv.fcgi ,
WMS .
6.2.2
WMS
http://localhost/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi WMS
.
180 QGIS 1.7.0
7.2. QGIS project WMS

QGIS WMS QGIS
. qgis_sample_dataset
regions airport .
, shp . QGIS
, .
7.1. USA QGIS WMS

Setting[]
WMS Server[WMS] Service Capabilities[

], Coordinate System Restrictions[ ], Advertised
Extend[ ] .
Add WKT geometry
to Feature into response[ WKT ]
( 7.2
7. QGIS Server 181
7.2. QGIS project WMS
).
alaska_airports.qgs .
7.2. QGIS WMS

WMS
/usr/lib/cgi-bin/project
alaska_airports.qgs qgis_mapserv.fcgi .
.
WMS , 6.2.2
WMS URL http://loacalhost/cgi-bin/project/qgis_mapserv.fcgi
WMS . ( 7.3 ).
182 QGIS 1.7.0
7.3. QGIS QGIS WMS
7. QGIS Server 183
8.
QGIS ,

(Coordinate Reference System = ) .

(OTF: On The Fly) . QGIS

.
8.1.
QGIS 2700 .
QGIS SQLite
. .
,
. .
8.4 .
QGIS EPSG(European Petroleum Group)
IGNF(Institut Geographique National of France)
, GDAL
. EPSG QGIS
.
(OTF) ,
, ,
185
8.2.
. PostGIS
ID . OGR , QGIS
. Shape
, WKT(Well Known Text)
. Shape
.prj. , shape
alaska.shp alaska.prj
.
,
Setting[] (KDE,
Edit[] (Gnome,
OSX)
Project Properties[ ] General[]
8.2.
QGIS (global
default projection) . EPSG:4326
WGS84(proj=longlat
+ellps=WGS84
+datum=WGS84
+no_defs) QGIS .
, QGIS
.
(Gnome, OSX) Setting[]
Edit[]
Options[]
Options[] (KDE,)
CRS[]
. 8.1 .
Prompt for CRS [ ]
Project wide default CRS will be used [
]
186 QGIS 1.7.0
Global default CRS displayed below will be used [

]

, (5.3.4 ) (4.4.8 )
General[] .
, 4.6 .
8.1. QGIS
QGIS Tip 34
(3.2.3 )
.
Set Layer CRS[ CRS ]

.
General[] Select[CRS ]
.
Set project CRS from Layer[ CRS CRS ]

.
8. 187
8.3. (OTF)
8.3. (OTF)
OGIS
. , .
,

Enable on the fly projection [
] .
.
1.
Edit[] (Gnome, OSX) Setting[] (KDE, )
2.
CRS status[ ]
3. Option[] CRS[]
Enable
on the fly projection by default[

] OTF

, Project Properties[ ]
CRS[] , ,
Enable on the fly
projection [ ]
.
CRS status[ ]
,
.
CRS[]
8.2 5 .
188 QGIS 1.7.0
8.2. Projection
1.
Enable on the fly CRS transformation[ ] / . ,

. ,
.
2. - , ,
QGIS .
.
.
3. Proj4text - Proj4
8. 189
8.4.
.
.
4. Search[] - EPSG ,
.
Find[] .
Hide deprecated CRSs[
]
.
5. Recently used coordinate references systems[ ]
GIS ,
.
.
QGIS Tip 35
Project Properties
Edit[] (Gnome,
OSX)
(KDE,
Project Properties[ ] , CRS[]
CRS status[ ]
CRS[] .
8.4.
QGIS ,
.
Edit[] (Gnome, OSX) Setting[] (KDE, )
Custom CRS[ ] .
QGIS .
,
.
190 QGIS 1.7.0
8.3. Custom
QGIS Proj.4
. ,
Cartographic Projection Procedures for the
UNIX Environment - A User 's Manual (Gerald I. Evenden, US
Geological
Survey
Open-File
Report
90-284,
1990
http://download.osgeo.org/proj/OF90-284.pdf )
8. 191
8.4.
. proj.4
. proj.4
, QGIS .
Custom Coordinate Reference System Definition[ ]

.
1.
2. PROJ.4

New
Save[]
.
+proj=
. test[] Calculate[]

. Parameters[]
, WGS84 North East
. Calculate[]
.
192 QGIS 1.7.0
9. GRASS GIS
GRASS GRASS GIS
. GRASS ,
, , ,
300 GRASS 2/3GRASS
. GRASS

. 9.1 GRASS
.
Open mapset[MAPSET ]
New mapset[ MAPSET]
Close mapset[MAPSET ]
Add GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]
Add GRASS raster layer[GRASS ]
Create new GRASS vector[ GRASS ]
Edit GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]
Open GRASS tools[GRASS ]
Display current GRASS region[ GRASS ]
Edit current GRASS region[ GRASS ]
193
9.1. GRASS
9.1. GRASS
GRASS , GRASS / QGIS
GRASS
Plugins[]
Manage Plugins[] ,
GRASS
, OK .
GRASS LOCATION(9.2 )
. GRASS LOCATION
(9.3.1 )
(9.4 ) GRASS (9.9 )
.
9.2. GRASS
GRASS
. QGIS
(2.2 ) .
GRASS LOCATION
.
1.
Grassdata
http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/data/ QGIS
qgis_sample_data. zip
.
2. QGIS .
3. GRASS Plugins[]
Manage Plugins[]
194 QGIS 1.7.0
GRASS
GRASS . GRASS
.
4. GRASS
.
5. Gisdbase grassdata
.
6. LOCATION alaska MAPSET demo
.
7. OK . GRASS
.
8.
, gtopo30 [OK] .
.
9.
Add GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]
, alaska OK .
gtopo30 .
4.4 ,
.
10. rivers airports
.
GRASS
. GRASS LOCATION
.
http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php
GRASS LOCATION .
QGIS Tip 36
GRASS
QGIS
, GRASS .
(9.1)
9. GRASS GIS 195
9.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSET

GRASS GISDBASE .
grassdata , QGIS GRASS
. GRASS
GIS ,
LOCATION .
LOCATION , ,
. LOCATION ,
(Neteler & Mitasova 2008[4]12))
MAPSET (LOCATION )
. GRASS
GRASS LOCATION
.13)
9.3.1. GRASS LOCATION

Albers Equal Area GRASS
LOCATION alaska QGIS
. GRASS GIS
GRASS LOCATION alaska .
. (2.2
).
1. QGIS GRASS .
12) 387
13) . r. external v. external
GRASS
GDAL/OGR .
GRASS

196 QGIS 1.7.0
9.3.1. GRASS LOCAITION
9. 1 alaska LOCATION GRASS

(Neteler & Mitasova 2008[4])
2. QGIS (2.2) alaska.shp Shape

(4.1.1 ) .
3. GRASS
New mapset[ MAPSET]
MAPSET
4. GRASS (GISDBASE) grassdata
LOCATION
. Next .
5. LOCATION(9.3.2 )
MAPSET LOCATION
.
Create new location [ ]
( 9.2 ).
6. LOCATION . alaska
Next .
7.
Projection[]
.
9. GRASS GIS 197
8. Alaska Albers Equal Area ()

. EPSG ID 2964
.(: LOCATION
EPSG ID ,
CRS status[ ] (8.3
)
9. Find[] Albers Equal Area ()
.
10.
Next .
11. , , ,
LOCATION .
Set Current QGIS Extent[ QGIS ]
alaska.shp GRASS
.
12. Next .
13. LOCATION MAPSET .
. demo
.14)
14.
Finish
.
15. LOCATION alaska demo PERMANENT
MAPSET . MAPSET
demo.
LOCATION
14) LOCATION , GRASS

PERMANENT MAPSET (Neteler &
Mitasova 2008).
198 QGIS 1.7.0
9.3.2. MAPSET
. alaska LOCATION
(9.4 ). QGIS alaska
(2.2) GRASS LOCATION alaska
9.5 .
9. 2.: QGIS GRASS LOCATION

MAPSET
9.3.2. MAPSET
GRASS MAPSET
. MAPSET
, MAPSET
. MAPSET WIND
. WIND MAPSET
.(Neteler & Mitasova 2008
9. GRASS GIS 199
9.4. GRASS LOCATION
[4]15), 9.8 ).
1. QGIS GRASS .
2. GRASS
New mapset[ MAPSET]
MAPSET .
3. GRASS (GISDBASE) grassdata
alaska LOCATION . MAPSET
test .
4. Next .
5. LOCATION
MAPSET , LOCATION
. [ Select location] ( 9.2
) Next .
6. MAPSET test .
MAPSET
.
7. Next ,
Finish
9.4. GRASS LOCATION

QGIS alaska GRASS LOCATION
alaska .
QGIS alaska landcover.img
lakes. gml GML (2.2).
1. QGIS GRASS .
2. GRASS
15) 387
200 QGIS 1.7.0
MAPSET .
3. GRASS grassdata, LOCATION
alaska, MAPSET demo OK
.
4.
. GRASS (9.9 ) .
5. landcover.img Module Tree[ ]
r.in.gdal . GRASS GDAL
GRASS LOCATION .
r. in. gdal .
6. QGIS alaska raster
landcover. img .
7. landcover_grass Run[]
. Output[] GRASS r. in.
gdal -o input=/path/to/landcover. img output=landcover_grass
.
8. Succesfully finished[ ]
View output[ ] . landcover_grass
GRASS QGIS .
9. GML
lakes.gml
Module Tree[ ] v.in.ogr .
GRASS OGR GRASS LOCATION

. v.in.ogr .
10. QGIS alaska gml lakes.gml
.
11. lakes_grass Run[]
. . Output[]
GRASS v. in. ogr -o
9. GRASS GIS 201
9.5. GRASS
dsn=/path/to/lakes. gml output=lakes_grass .

12. Succesfully
finished
View output[ ] . lakes_grass
GRASS QGIS .
9.5. GRASS
GRASS
. GRASS .
,
.
, .
.
( ) .
.
,
'' . GRASS
,
. .16)
GRASS ''
. , , ,
. ,
.
. , ,
.
'' GRASS ''
16)
GRASS .

.
202 QGIS 1.7.0
.
, .
, GRASS
.
GRASS GRASS LOCATION DBase SQLITE3
, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle
.
'(Category)'
. ''(Key, ID)
,
.
9.6. GRASS
GRASS GRASS
Create new GRASS vector[ GRASS ]
. 9.7
, , .
GRASS (, ,
) . GRASS
. GRASS
. Shapefiles Simple Feature
(4.5.5 ) ,
.
QGIS Tip 38 GRASS
,
. ( 9.7 ).
9. GRASS GIS 203
9.7. GRASS
9.7. GRASS
Edit GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]
GRASS
. , GRASS ,
. 9.4
GRASS .
.
QGIS Tip 39
GRASS
GRASS () , No category[
] .
Next not used[ ]
(label) .
.
9.3 GRASS GRASS

. 9. 1 .
9.3. GRASS
( )
204 QGIS 1.7.0
( label )
(vertex)

(
)
, ,

, , (
)
( :
.)
(
)
9.4. GRASS
9. GRASS GIS 205
9.7. GRASS

Category[]
.
Mode[]:
Next not used[ ] -

,
Manual entry[ ] - 'Category'

No category[ ]
. ,

Category[]: (id) .
.
Field(layer)[]: GRASS
.
1.

Setting[] (snapping)
.
.
(dangles) .
10 .

Symbology[] , (: / )
206 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.1. GRASS

Table[] ''
.
GRASS
. (9.6 )
9.5. GRASS
QGIS Tip 40
QGIS GRASS
'()'
.

.
9.8. GRASS
GRASS (
) .
.
9. GRASS GIS 207
9.8. GRASS
9.6. GRASS
9.7. GRASS
, GRASS
GRASS
$LOCATION/$MAPSET/WIND , , ,
, ,
208 QGIS 1.7.0
.
Display current GRASS region[ GRASS ]
QGIS GRASS
.
Edit current GRASS region[ GRASS ]
QGIS GRASS
.
OK . QGIS
.
QGIS
OK .
GRASS g. region
.
9.9 GRASS
.
9.9. GRASS
GRASS
LOCATION MAPSET .
GRASS (
MAPSET ) LOCATION
MAPSET . GRASS
, LOCATION
MAPSET .
GRASS GRASS
GRASS (330 )
. ,
9. GRASS GIS 209
9.8. GRASS
200 GRASS
.
9.9.1. GRASS
QGIS GRASS
GRASS :
http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS-QGIS_relevant_m
odule_list
9.9.2. GRASS
GRASS GRASS
GRASS (330 )
. ,
200 GRASS
.
.
QGIS 1.7.0
GRASS
GRASS
(http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS-QGIS_relevant_mo
dule_list) .
GRASS
. 9.9.5 .
9.
GRASS
Module Tree[ ] Module Tree[ ]
Option[] ,
Output[] ,
Manual[]
210 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.2. GRASS
. 9.9 GRASS v. buffer .

QGIS Tip 41
GRASS
GRASS GRASS MAPSET .

, MAPSET
.
Option[] QGIS

.
.
, GRASS
.
QGIS 1.7.0
Option[]
show advanced options[ ]>>

. , .
(a)
(b)
9.8. GRASS
9. GRASS GIS 211
9.9. GRASS
Output[] .
Run
Output[] ,
. ,
.
Manual[] GRASS HTML
.
.
,
. .
g. manual
.
QGIS Tip 42
,
' (View Output)'
212 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.3. GRASS
(a)
(b)
(c)
9.9. GRASS
9.9.3. GRASS
GRASS
.
9. GRASS GIS 213
9.9. GRASS

(DEM)
. 9.4 Alaska LOCATION
.
Open mapset[MAPSET ] LOCATION
Alaska .
demo gtopo30 .

.
Raster[]
Surface Management
[ ]
Generate vector contour lines[
] .
r. contour 9.9.2
. Name of input raster map
gtopo 30
Increment between Contour levels
100
. (
100 .)
Name for output vector map
ctour_100 .
Run[] .
.
View Output[] Close[] .
214 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.3. GRASS
(a) r. contour
(b) r. contour
9.10. GRASS r.contour

.
, 4.4

.
.
. GRASS v.
generalize
.
. (: Douglas Peuker and Vertex
reduction) .
.
, ,
.
9. GRASS GIS 215
9.9. GRASS
QGIS Tip 43
QGIS fTools GRASS v. generalize Douglas-Peuker

,
Simplify geometries[] .
, . r. contour
. v. generalize
Chaikens ( Hermite splines) .
,

.
GRASS Vector[]
Develop map[
]
Generalization[ ]
v. generalize .
Name for input vector map
ctour_100
.
Chaikens .
Name for output vector
map
ctour_100_smooth Run[]
.
.

View Output[]
Close[] .

.

.
216 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.3. GRASS
9.11. GRASS v,generalize

QGIS Tip 44
r. contour
.
,
( ) .
Hillshade 3D
3
.
. 3
hillshading . hillshade
,
.
. () .
9. GRASS GIS 217
9.9. GRASS
gtopo30 . GRASS
Raster[] Shape analysis[
] Terrain analysis[ ] .
r.shade.relief .
azimuth angle
Shaded
relief
270 315 . Output

map
name
gtopo30_shade
Run[] .
, hillshade .
.
Hill shading gtopo30
hillshade gtopo30 , gtopo30
Properties[] Transparency[]
25% .
hillshade
gtopo30 . gtopo30_shade
hillshading .
GRASS
QGIS GRASS
, GRASS . ,
,
. GRASS (
) GRASS
,
.
r. shaded. relief
.
218 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.3. GRASS
9.12. GRASS , r, shaded.relief

r. shaded.relief X-Y
hillshade zmult
.
gtopo30 GRASS
GRASS .
Enter
r.shaded.relief
map=gtopo30
shade=gtopo30_shade2 azimuth=315 zmult=3
Browse[]
9. GRASS GIS 219
9.9. GRASS
gtopo30_shade2 QGIS
. gtopo30_shade2
.
,
gtopo30_shade2 gtopo30 ,
gtopo30 .
3D
.

.
, GRASS shapefiles
trees shapefile . (9.4 )
: GRASS
trees (centroids)
.
Vector[]
Develop map[ ]
Manage fetures[ ] v. centroids
.
output vector map forest_areas
.
forest_areas , ,
. Properties[]
Symbology
Unique value |
Legend
Type
. Classification field
VEGDESC . (4. 4. 1 )
, GRASS Vector[]
220 QGIS 1.7.0
Vector
9.9.3. GRASS
9.13. r. shaded. relief GRASS

update by other map[ ] .
v. rast. stats , gtopo30 forest_areas
.
: column
prefix elev Run[] .
( 2 )
.
forest_areas ,
. elev_min, elev_max,
elev_mean .
9. GRASS GIS 221
9.9. GRASS
9.9.4. GRASS LOCATION

GRASS GRASS LOCATION
. 9. 14 ,
LOCATION MAPSET .
Browser[] LOCATION
MAPSET .
, , ,

.
9.14. GRASS LOCATION
222 QGIS 1.7.0
9.9.5. GRASS
Browser[]
LOCATION .
.

MAPSET .
MAPSET
.
9.9.5. GRASS
GRASS GRASS
. XML
. v. buffer (v. buffer. qgm)
XML .
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE qgisgrassmodule SYSTEM
"http://mrcc.com/qgisgrassmodule.dtd">
<qgisgrassmodule label="Vector buffer" module="v.buffer">
<option key="input" typeoption="type"
layeroption="layer"/>
<option key="buffer"/>
<option key="output"/>
</qgisgrassmodule>
9. GRASS GIS 223
9.9. GRASS
, XML
.
QGIS
.
http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/Adding_New_Tools_to
_the_GRASS_Toolbox
224 QGIS 1.7.0
10.
.
QGIS , , , , , ,
.
, , ,
.
, , , PDF, SVG17)
.
. 10.1 .
10.1.
PDF
SVG
QGIS
17) SVG QT4

. .
225
10.1.

,
.
.
10.1.
QGIS
,
. ,
File[]
226 QGIS 1.7.0
10.2.
10.1.
, QGIS
, , , , , ,
. 10.1
Snap to grid [ ]
. 3 .
General[] , , (dpi)
,
.
Snap to grid [ ]
0 .
Print as raster [
10. 227
10.3. QGIS
] ,
.
Item[] .
Select/Move item[ /]
(, , ) Item[]
,
.
Command history[ ]
.

.
,
, , .
, .
, Delete Backspace
.
10.3. QGIS
Add new map from QGIS map canvas[ ] ,

QGIS .
Item[] 3
:
Rectangle[] | ,
.
228 QGIS 1.7.0
Cache[] |
.
, /.
Render[] |
.
.

.
Select/Move item[ /]
,
.
Item[] , .
Move item content[ ]

.
.
Item[]
Lock layers for map item
[ ]
.
: QGIS 1.7.0 (new
labeling plugin) ,
.
.
10. 229
10.3. QGIS
10.3.1. -
(a)
(b)
10.2.

Map[]
( 10.2a ):
Preview[]
-Rectangle[], Cache[], Render[]-
.
Update preview[ ] .
Map[]
. 0 |
. )
0 .
Lock layers for map items
[ ]
Draw map canvas items [
] .
230 QGIS 1.7.0
10.3.1.
, , , , QGIS

Update preview[ ] .

( 10.2b ):
Mapextent X
Set to map canvas extent[ ]
.
QGIS , , ,
,
Item[] Update preview[ ]
( 10.2a )
10.3.2. -

(10.3).
Show grid[ ?]
.
. X Y , XY,
.
Draw annotation[ ]
.
. , ,
10. 231
10.4.
. , ,
.

(
10.3b):
,
Position[ ]
Set items position[ ] ,
.
Show frame[ ]
.
10.4.
QGIS ,
, , , ,
.
10.4.1. -
Add label[ ] ,
.
.
232 QGIS 1.7.0
10.4.1.
(b)
(a)
10.3. -

( 10.4a ):

. ,
, mm
.
10. 233
10.4.

( 10.4b ):
,
Position[ ]

.
Show frame[ ]
.
(a)
(b)
10.4.
234 QGIS 1.7.0
10.4.2.
10.4.2. -
Add image[ ]
.
.

( 10.5a):
Search directories[ ] SVG

.
Preview[]
.
Options[] ,
, .
SVG .
Sync from map [
] , QGIS
( ) .

( 10.5b)
,
.
Position[ ]
Set items position[ ]

,
.
Show frame[ ]
10. 235
10.4.
(b)
(a)
10.5.

236 QGIS 1.7.0
10.4.3.
10.4.3. - ,

(a)
(b)
(c)
10.6. ,
10. 237
10.4.
Add new legend[ ]
.
.
/ .

( 10.6a)
. ,
,
. , ,
.

( 10.6b)
.
, ,
. QGIS

Update .
Up
Down

( 10.6c)

238 QGIS 1.7.0
10.4.4.
Position[ ]
Set items position[ ]
,
.
Show frame[ ]
.
10.4.4. -
Add new scalebar[ ]
.
.
/ .

( 10.7a):
,
.
.
.
, // ,
.
, , ,
. ,
.
10. 239
10.4.
(b)
(a)
10.7.

.( 10.7b)

.
Position[ ]
.
Show frame[ ]
.
240 QGIS 1.7.0
10.5.
4 .
Zoom in[]
Zoom out[]
Zoom to full extend[]
Refresh the view[ ] ,
..
10.6.

. .
Revert last changes[ ]
Restore last changes[ ]
Command history[ ]
. ( 10.8 ).
10. 241
10.5
10.8.
10.7.
(a)
(b)
10.9.:
242 QGIS 1.7.0
(, , )
.
Shape , ,
. , , ,
.
Arrow
. , ,
, , , SVG
. SVG
SVG .
10.8.
(a)
(b)
10.10.:
10. 243
10.8.

( 10.10a ):

,
.
.

.

.

( 10.10b ):
,
. Position[ ]
Show frame[ ]
.
10.9. , ,
Raise selected items[ ]
.

244 QGIS 1.7.0
. ( 10.1 ).
Align selected items[ ]
( 10.1 ).

. .
10.10.
10.11
.
,
() :
Print[]
.
Export as Image[ ]
PNG,
BPM, TIF, JPG .

Export as PDF[PDF ]]
canvas PDF .
Export as SVG[SVG ]
SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) . :

SVG .
QGIS , QT .
.
10. 245
10.10.
10.11.
Save as template[ ]
*.qpt ,
Load from template[ ]
10.11. , , ,

File[]
Composer Manager[ ]
Composer Manager[ ]
246 QGIS 1.7.0
10.12.
10. 247
11. QGIS (QGIS Plugins)

QGIS (plugin architecture)
.
. QGIS
.
(Core Plugins) QGIS ,
QGIS . C++
Python . 12
.
(External Plugins) Python
.
. Python Plugin
Installer QGIS .
11.1.2 .
11.1.
Python Plugin Manager
. Python
Plugin Installer , .
Plugin
Manager .
249
11.1.
11.1.1. QGIS
QGIS Plugins[]
Manage Plugins[] .
11.1. Plugin Manager

Plugin Manager[QGIS ]
( ) .
Python Plugin Installer
(11.1.3 ).
.
11.1 Plugin Manager[QGIS ] .

OK .
, QGIS
250 QGIS 1.7.0
11.1.2. QGIS
.
QGIS Tip 45
QGIS , .
, ( 3.7 )
.
false .
Delimited text plugin
Linux $HOME /.config/QuantumGIS/qgis.conf
, Add Delimited Text Layer = false
. [Plugins]
. QGIS Plugin Manager
1
.
11.1.2. QGIS
QGIS Python .
QGIS QGIS
.
Fetch Python Plugins[Python ]
Python Plugin Installer .

, QGIS , , ,

.18)19)
(QGIS 1.7 ) 13 , 120
.
( Open Street Map
18) (external overlays)
.
19) fTools, Mapserver Export, Plugin Installer Python .
QGIS , QGIS Plugin
Manager (11.1.2 ).
11. QGIS (QGIS Plugin) 251
11.1.
, Google Map layers )

, (
) .
.
(named repository) ,
( ) (
11.2 ).
QGIS :
(11.1.3 ).
Plugin Manager[ ]
.
QGIS Tip 46 (ADD MORE REPOSITORIES)

Plugins[]
Fetch Python Plugins[Python ]

Installer
Repositories[]
Plugin
Add 3rd party repositories[ ] .

Edit[]
disabled[] Delete[]
.
11.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer
Python
Plugins[]
Fetch Python Plugins[Python ] .
252 QGIS 1.7.0
Plugins[]
Manage Plugins[]
11.2. Python
Plugin Manager[ ]
Plugin
Installer . 11.2 Plugin

Installer . Plugins[]
Python Python
. .
(not installed) -
.
Install Plugin[ /]
.
(new) - .
(installed) -
.
Downgrade Plugin[ ]
11.1.
.
(upgradeable) -
.
Upgrade Plugin[ ] ,
Upgrade all[ ] .
(invalid) -
.
.
(Plugins tab)
Install Plugin[ ]
.
. OS .
Linux unix :
. /share/qgis/python/plugins
/home/$USERNAME/.qgis/python/plugins
Mac OS X :
./Contents/MacOS/share/qgis/python/plugins
/Users/$USERNAME/.qgis/python/plugins
Windows :
C:\Program Files\QGIS\python\plugins
C:\DocumentsandSettings\$USERNAME\.qgis\python\plu
gins
.
.
Python (missing) .
.
254 QGIS 1.7.0
OS
.
Linux
.
Windows .
Options[]
Gnome,
OSX
Windows
KDE,
Edit[]
Settings[]
Options[] Proxy
.
Uninstall Plugin[ ]
.
,
Uninstall Plugin[ ]
Quntum GIS .
.
(Repositories tab)
Repositories[] Plugin Installer

. QGIS
.
Add 3rd party repositories[ ]
QGIS (the central QGIS Contributed Repository)

. QGIS
.
.
11.1.
Edit[]
.
(Option tab)
Options[] Plugin Installer[ ]
.
Check for updates on startup [
] QGIS
.

Repositories[] .
1 1
.
.
Plugin Installer[ ]
.
(plugin installer) 80
,
. QGIS
a looking for new plugins ...
, .
.
.
:

(experimental)

(experimental)

256 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS Tip 47

. '' ' '
. QGIS

11.2. (Data Provider)

""
. QGIS PostGIS GDAL/OGR
.
QGIS
.
QGIS .
Plugin Manager
QGIS .
12. QGIS
12.1. 26 QGIS
X, Y

12.3
12.1
12.2.1
4.4.12

()
DXF2Shape
eVis
fTools
GPS
GRASS

DXF SHP

4.4.2
12.4
12.5
, , geoprocessing,

GPS

GRASS
12.6
12.9
9
:
GDAL
12.7

Georeferencer
[]
GDAL

MapServer
GDAL

QGIS
MapServer
12.8
12.10
12.11
259

OpenStreetM
ap
Spatial
OpenStreetMap

GeoRasters
GeoRaster
Python plugin
, , DEM
SPIT
SQL
anywhere

WFS

Shapefile
Postgres/PostGIS

SQL anywhere

12.2.2
12.12
12.14
12.13
11.1.3
12.15
12. 16
4.2.4
12.18
12.2.3
12.17
QGIS WFS
260 QGIS 1.7.0
6.3
12.1.

(CRS: Coordinate Reference Systems)
.
12.1.
1. QGIS Setting[] (KDE, )
File[] (Gnome,
OSX)
CRS[]
.
CRS status[ ] .
2.
Enable on the fly projection [ ]

(8 ).
3. Coordinate Capture Plugin[

]
(11.1.1
Panels[]
View[]
Coordinate Capture [ ]
. 12.1
.
12. QGIS 261
12.2.
4.
CRS status[ ]
.
5. Start capture[ ] .

.
6.
Mouse tracking[]
.
7. .
12.2.
,
.
.
12.2.1.
.

1. .
2. Plugins[]
Copyright Label[ ]
Decorations[]
Copyright Label[ ] .
3. .
HTML .
4. Placement[] Bottom Right[] |
.
262 QGIS 1.7.0
12.2.2.
5.
Enable Copyright Label [ ]

.
6. OK .
()
.
12.2.2.

. .
QGIS
. QGIS
.
.
12.3.
12. QGIS 263
12.2.
12.2.3.

.
. QGIS
.
. ,
.
:
1. Plugins[]
Decorations[]
Scale Bar[]
Scale Bar[] .
2. Placement[] Top Right[] |

.
3. Scale bar style Tick Down[ ] | .

4. Color of bar[ ]
.
5. Size of bar[ ] 30 degrees
6.
.
Enable scale bar [ ]
.
Automatically snap to round number on resize[
7.
]
.
8. OK .
QGIS Tip 48
.qgs , ,
,
.
264 QGIS 1.7.0
12.4.
12.3.
Delimited Text Plugin[ ]
QGIS .
,
.
1. ( ) .
.
2. X Y .
.
3. x y .
.
elevp.csv .
12. QGIS 265
12.3.
QGIS (2.2 ) .
X; Y; ELEV
-300120; 7;689;960; 13
-654360; 7;562;040; 52
1640; 7512840; 3
[. . . ]
.
1. ; .
.
2. . X, Y ELEV .
3. (") .
4. x X .
5. y Y .

11.1
.
Add Delimited Text Layer[ ]
12. 5 .
Browse[]
(:
qgis_sample_data/CSV/elevp.csv) .
, ( (;))
.
. \t(
+ t) .
, X Y
, WKT .
12. 5 (: elevp)
266 QGIS 1.7.0
OK .
QGIS .
12.5.
12.4. Dxf2Shp
dxf2shape DXF Shapefile
.
.
DXF : DXF .
SHP : Shapefile .
: Shapefile .
, , .
: ,
12. QGIS 267
12.4. Dxf2Shp
(point) Shapefile , DBF

DXF TEXT
.
12.6. Dxf2Shape

1. QGIS , Dxf2Shape
(11. 1. 1 ), QGIS
Dxf2Shape Converter . Dxf2Shape
12.6 .
2. DXF , , .
Export text labels [
3.
] .
4. OK .
268 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5. eVis
eVis (AMNH)
(CBC)20) .

.
(, X,Y )
QGIS
. eVis QGIS
,
(11.1 ). eVis
,
. ,
,
.
12.5.1.
QGIS
.
, QGIS
. ,
,
.
QGIS .
20) Horning, N., K. Koy, P. Ersts. 2009. eVis (v1. 1. 0) Users
Guide. American Museum of Natural History, Center for Biodiversity and
Conservation .
http://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/ GNU FDL
.
12. QGIS 269
12.5. eVis

12.7. eVis
Event Browser[eVis ]
Plugins[]
eVis
eVis Event Browser[eVis ]
Generic Event Browser[ ]

. .
Display[] .
Options[] eVis
. , Configure External
Application[ ]

270 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.1.
Display
.
.
(A):
(B): .
,
.
(C): .
(D): .
(E):
.
,

.
.
(F): ,
.
(G):
.

(A):
URL
.
Path is relative[]
.
.
12.5.1 .
12. QGIS 271
12.5. eVis
12.8. eVis
Compass Bearing[ ](B):
.
,
Display
Compass Bearing[ ] .
Compass Offset[ ](C):
.
Mannual[]
, ,
From Attribute[] .
+, .
272 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.1.
(D): 12.8(A) Path is relative[

.] ,
A .
(E): , A
. (A
.)
(F): ,
, ,
.
,
.
: ,

.
:
: .
.
: .

12.9. eVis
(A): eVis
.
12. QGIS 273
12.5. eVis
.
,
.
(B):

.
(C): .

, URL
. 12. 2 .

, eVis
. Event Browser[
] [ ]

.
URL .
, URL . :
URL .

.
12.2. , URL
X
C:\Workshop\eVis_Data\g
780,596
1,784,017
roundphotos\DSC_0168.JP
275
780,596
1,784,017
G
/groundphotos/DSC_0169.
80
274 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.1.
JPG
http://biodiversityinfo
780,819
1,784,015
rmatics.amnh.org/evis_t
10
est_data/DSC_0170.JPG
pdf:http://www.testsite
780,596
1,784,017
.com/attachments.php?at
76
tachment_id-12

,
.
.
( eVis
) ,

,
.
.
, [ ]
.
, eVis
.
Compass Bearing[] ,

. ,
.

.
12. QGIS 275
12.5. eVis
12.5.2.
, QGIS
, .
, ,
.
QGIS
.

Event ID[eVis ]
Plugins[]
eVis
Event ID Too[eVis ]
. "i"
.
, QGIS
. , Generic
Event Browser[ ]
.
, / .
12.5.1 .
12.5.3.

ODDBC .
eVis Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 4
. ODBC(: Excel
276 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.3.
) . ODBC
, ODBC
.

eVis Connection[eVis ]
Plugins[]
eVis
Database Connection[eVis ]
Database Connection[ ] .
Predefined Queries[ ] ,
Database Connection[ ] SQL Query[SQL]
. Output Console[ ]
.

Database Connection[ ] .
Database Type[ ]
.
, .
. MSAccess
.
localhost .
. ODBC
, .
Connect[] .
.
12. QGIS 277
12.5. eVis

.
:

:
: MYSQL PostgreSQL

:
:

:
:

:

: " "
: " "
SQL : "SQL "
:
OK: " "
SQL
SQL ODBC
. eVis ,
QGIS .
SQL Query[SQL] , SQL
. SQL
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ . ,
Excel , select * from
[sheet1$] . "sheet1" .
278 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.3.
Run Query[ ] .
, " "
.
.
12.10. eVis
Name of New Layer[
]
.
SQL : SQL
SQL :
12. QGIS 279
12.5. eVis
:
:
OK: " "
X Coordinate
Y Coordinate
12.11. eVis SQL

QGIS SQL
.
QGIS
" . . . "
280 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.3.
"shapefile " .

Predefinded Query[ ] XML

. SQL
.
Predefined Queries[ ]
.
Open File[ ]
. SQL
.
Open File[ ]
XML
,
.
, SQL
.

.
SQL Query[SQL] Run Query[ ]
.
.
.
Open Query File[ ]: " "
XML
.
Predefined Queries[ ]: XML
.
Query description[ ]: .
.
Console Window[ ]: .
12. QGIS 281
12.5. eVis
12.12. eVis
: .
OK: " " .
QGIS Tip 49
Microsoft Excel ,
0
. 'backspace'
. Excel ( QGIS
.) Edit[]-Delete[]
.

.
282 QGIS 1.7.0
12.5.3.
eVis XML
12.3. eVis XML
query
shortdescription
description
databasetype
databaseport
databaseName
.
eVis
.

.

.
.

.
databaseusernam
e
databasepassword
sqlstatement

SQL .

autoconnect
( "true"
"false").
XML .:
<?xml version="1. 0"?>
<doc>
<query>
12. QGIS 283
12.5. eVis
<shortdescription>Import all photograph

points</shortdescription>
<description>This command will import all of the
data in the SQLite database to QGIS
</description>
<databasetype>SQLITE</databasetype>
<databasehost />
<databaseport />
<databasename>C:\textbackslash
Workshop/textbackslash
eVis\_Data\textbackslash PhotoPoints.
db</databasename>
<databaseusername />
<databasepassword />
<sqlstatement>SELECT Attributes. *, Points. x,
Points. y FROM Attributes LEFT JOIN
Points ON Points. rec_id=Attributes.
point_ID</sqlstatement>
<autoconnect>false</autoconnect>
</query>
<query>
<shortdescription>Import photograph points
"looking across Valley"</shortdescription>
<description>This command will import only points
that have photographs "looking across
a valley" to QGIS</description>
<databasehost />
<databaseport />
<databasename>C:\Workshop\eVis_Data\PhotoPoints.
db</databasename>
284 QGIS 1.7.0

Points ON Points. rec_id=Attributes. point_ID
where COMMENTS=Looking across
valley</sqlstatement>
</query>
<query>
<shortdescription>Import photograph points that
mention "limestone"</shortdescription>
<description>This command will import only points
that have photographs that mention
"limestone" to QGIS</description>
<databasehost />
<databaseport />
<databasename>C:\Workshop\eVis_Data\PhotoPoints.
db</databasename>
Points ON Points. rec_id=Attributes. point_ID
where COMMENTS like %limestone%
</sqlstatement>
</query>
</doc>
12.6. fTools
fTools
12. QGIS 285
12.6. fTools
, GIS
. fTools
. QGIS
fTools ,
, (11.1 )
. fTools , QGIS Vector[]
fTools Information
286 QGIS 1.7.0
12.4. fTools
fTools
Distance
Matrix

Sum Line
Length

Points in
Polygon

List Unique
values

a)
, b) , c)
. K
.

.
Basic Statistics (, , N,

, CV) .
Nearest
Neighbor
Analysis

Mean
ID
Coodinates

Line
Intersection

.
shapefile
.
, > 0
.
12. QGIS 287
12.6. fTools
12.5. fTools
fTools
Random
Selection

n n%
.
Random
Selection
within subsets
ID
.

Random
Points

(pseudo-random points) .
Regular Points

shapefile .
Vector Grid
Select by
location
Polygon from
layer extent
288 QGIS 1.7.0
12.6. fTools Geoprocessing
fTools Geoprocessing
Convex Hulls

Buffers
Intersects
Union
Symmetrical
Differnce
ID
()
.

.

.
.

.
Clip
Difference
Dissolve

.

.
.
12. QGIS 289
12.6. fTools
12.7. fTools
fTools
Check
Geometry
, ,
.

Export/Add
geometry
columns
(XCOORD, YCOORD), (),
(, ) .
Poligon
centroid
Delaunay
triangulatio
ne

() .
Voronoi
Polygon
voronoi
Simplify
geometry
Douglas - Peucker
Multipart to
single parts
(multipart)
(singlepart)
290 QGIS 1.7.0
Singleparts
to multipart
Polygon to
lines
Line to
polygon
Extract
nodes

ID
(multipart)
.
,
(singlepart)
.
,
singlepart .

.
12. QGIS 291
12.6. fTools
12.8. fTools
fTools
Export to
projection

shapefile .
Define
projection
shapefiles
Join
attributes by
location
shapefile .
Split vector
layer

Merge
shapefiles
(, , )
shape
shapefile
shapefile .
292 QGIS 1.7.0
12.7.2. GDAL
12.7. GDAL
12.7.1. GDALTools ?
GDAL (Geospatial
Data Abstraction Library), http://gdal.osgeo.org
GUI . GDAL
, , (warp), .
DEM () ,
vrt (XML )
. GDAL
.
12.7.2. GDAL
GDAL ,
.

. GDAL
, .
12.9. GDAL
Build
virtual
raster
gdal VRT (
) .
()
Contour
(DEM)
12. QGIS 293
12.7. GDAL
Rasterize
(
)
Polygonize
(
)
.
(, ) .
OGR . ,

(fly reporjection)
.

. .
,
ESRI shapefile .

Merge
.
.
.
.
gdal_sieve. py (
Seive
)
.
,
.
Proximity
(
)
gdal_proximity. py

.

.

Near Black

( ) (
) .
,
.
294 QGIS 1.7.0
12.7.2. GDAL
gdalwarp ,
Warp
.
,

GCP .
Grid
()
Translate
()
Informatio
n
Assign
Projection

OGR
() .
,
.
gdal_translate
.
, ,
.
gdalinfo GDAL
.
---- . ( wrap
)
Build
Overview
gdaladdo downsampling
()
Clipper
---
RGB to
PCT
RGB
PCT
. ( Merge
downsampling RGB medican

cut RGB
(pseudo color table)
.
(pseudo color image) .
12. QGIS 295
12.7. GDAL

Floyd-Steinberg dithering( ) .
PCT to
RGB
PCT
RGB
(pseudocolor band)
RGB .
Tile Index

,
,
shapefile .
DEM
(DEM) .
terrain
GDAL
models
, , , ,
DEM ,
296 QGIS 1.7.0
12.7.3.
12.13. GDALTools
12.7.3.
GDAL .

SRTM .
GDALwarp
.
Albers (QGIS )
WGS84 (4326 EPSG) .
12. QGIS 297
12.7. GDAL
12.14.
12.15.
298 QGIS 1.7.0
12.7.3.
12.16.
12.17. GCAL
12. QGIS 299
12.8. Georeference[]
world
. ,
GeoTiff world
.
.
12.16.
GDAL
GCP
GCP

GCP

QGIS
300 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS
X Y (DMS (DD mm ss.

ss), DD (dd. dd) (mmmm. mm)) ,
:
(: )
. .
,
,
,
. QGIS
, .

, ,
. world
.
.
QGIS ,
(11.1.1),
QGIS
Georeferencer[] . 12.18
georeferencer[] .
, SDGS topo
. GRASS spearfish60 LOCATION
.
.
http://grass.osgeo.org/sampledata/spearfish_topo
sheet.tar.gz
12. QGIS 301
12.18. georeferencer[]
(Ground Control Points: GCPs)
1. (georeferencing),
.
, .
2.
Add Point[ ]
( 12.19 ).
.
A. X Y
.
B.
from map canvas[ ] .
QGIS ,
.
302 QGIS 1.7.0
C. GCP
.
3. GCP . 4 ,
. GCP
, //
.
12.19.
([
].points) .
.
mapX, mapY, pixelX, pixelY .
GCP Points[GCP ]
oad
Save GCP Points[GCP
] . GCP
. GCP
.

GCP ,
.
12. QGIS 303
12.20. georeferencer[ ]

.

.
.
Linear Algorithm[ ] world
, .
,
.
Helmert transformation[ , ]
(scale) .
Polynominal algorithm[ ] 1-3
,

304 QGIS 1.7.0
. polynomial 2
(
) . 1 (affine)
, .
Thin plate spline(TPS)[ ]

.
.
Projective transformation[ ]
.

.
(Nearest neighbor) , ,
.
5
.
1. (Nearest neighbour)
2. (Linear)
3. (Cubic)
4. (Cubic Spline)
5. Lanczos

.
Create world file [ ] linear
transformation[ ] .

. world , Output[
] .
Output Raster[
12. QGIS 305
] .
([ ] _modified) .
(8
).
PDF PDF .
,
, GCP RMS .
Set Target Resolution [ ]

.
1 .
Use 0 for transparency when needed [ 0
] 0
. ,
.
Load in QGIS when done [ QGIS ] ,
QGIS
.

Settings[]
Raster Properties[ ]

.
Georeferencer[]
GCP ID .
(map unit)
.
PDF ,
PDF .
306 QGIS 1.7.0
show georeferencer window docked [
] .

GCPs
Start georeferencing[ ] ,
12.9. GPS
12.9.1. GPS ?
GPS ( ) GPS
. GPS ,
.
GPS , , ()
. ( ),
(,
) . ,
GPS . QGIS GPS
(linestring)
.
12.9.2. GPS
GPS . QGIS
GPX (GPS eXchange format, GPS )
, ,
.
12. QGIS 307
12.9. GPS
GPX
Plugins[]
Manage Plugins[]
.
GPS
Tools[GPS ] .
GPS . GPX
QGIS
.
/qgis_sample_data/gps /national_monuments.gpx.
2.2 .
1.
GPS Tools[GPS ] Load GPX file[GPX ]
.
2. Browse[] qgis_sample_data/gps/
GPX national_monuments.gpx
Open[] .
12.21. GPS
GPX
.
OK
. national_monuments.gpx
.
308 QGIS 1.7.0
12.9.5. GPS
12.9.3. GPSBabel
QGIS GPX , GPS
GPX
.
GPS
http://www.gpsbabel.org GPSBabel
. GPS
GPS . QGIS GPSBabel
GPSBabel
. , GPX
. GPSBabel 1.2.3 QGIS ,
.
12.9.4. GPS
GPX GPS , GPS
Import other file[ ]
. ,
, GPX ,
. GPS
,
.
12.9.5. GPS
QGIS GPSBabel GPS
. GPS
Download from GPS[GPS ]
( 12.22 ). GPS ,
12. QGIS 309
12.9. GPS
( USB), , GPX
, .
12.22.
GPS GPS ,
GPSBabel GPS . GPS
(12.9.7
).
, GPS

. USB GPS
USB .

OK
/dev/ttyS0 /dev/ttyS1
COM1 COM2 .
12.9.6. GPS
GPS Upload to GPS[GPS ]
310 QGIS 1.7.0
12.9.6. GPS
QGIS GPS
. (GPX
), GPS , ( USB)
.
. QGIS
.
GPS
.
12.9.7. GPS
GPS .
QGIS
Download from GPS[GPS ]
Upload to GPS[GPS ]
.
Edit devices[ ] GPS
New device[ ] , /
Update device[]
.
.
. GPX
. GPSBabel , GPX

. QGIS %type, %in, and %out
.
%type "-w",
12. QGIS 311
12.10.
"-r",
"-t"
GPSBabel
. %in , %out
GPX
. gpsbabel
%type -i garmin -o gpx %in %out (
GPS device: Garmin serial |
), /dev/ttyS0 output.gpx
, QGIS gpsbabel -w -i
garmin -o gpx /dev/ttyS0 output. gpx
.
GPS
. %in
%out .
GPSBabel
http://www.gpsbabel.org .
12.10.
(interpolation) TIN
IDW .
,
( 12.23 ).
.
: QGIS
.
. :
Type
structure lines break lines

.
312 QGIS 1.7.0
: (attribute column) .
Use Z-Coordinate [ z ] Z
.
: . Triangulated Irregular Network
(TIN)[
(TIN)]
... |
Inverse
Distance
Weighted (IDW)[ (IDW)] ... |

.
/ : ( )
.
: .
12.23.

1. QGIS . (:
elevp.csv).
2. (11.1.1 )
QGIS
Interpolation[]
. 12.23 .
3. ( : elevp ... | ) (: ELEV)
.
4. (Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)[
12. QGIS 313
12.10.
(TIN)] ... | ) , 5000 ,

(: elevation_tin) .
5.
OK
. ,
.
6. (: elevation_tin)
" " .
Style[]
Color map[ ] .Pseudocolor[] |

. 5.3
.
12.24 elevp.csv TIN
998X812(5 )
. ,
.
12.24. TIN elevp
314 QGIS 1.7.0
12.11.1. .
12.11. MapServer
QGIS ,
MapServer
.
12.11.1.
MapServer Export[MapServer ]
, QGIS
. .
MapServer ,
MapServer ,
QGIS .
MapServer
. QGIS
(2.2 ) .
1.
Add Raster Layer[ ]
landcover. tif .
2.
Add Vector Layer[ ]
Shapefile lakes. shp, majrivers. shp, airports. shp

.
3. .( 12.25
)
4.
File[]
Save Project[ ]
mapserverproject.qgs
.
12. QGIS 315
12.11. MapServer
12.25. QGIS
12.11.2.
QGIS MapServer
msexport, QGIS QGIS
. QGIS
, MapServer
(11.1.1 ).
.
.
316 QGIS 1.7.0
12.11.2. .
12.26. MapServer
QGIS
QGIS (.qgs) .
.

. mapserver
.

. ()

. ()

12. QGIS 317
12.11. MapServer
MapServer

MapServer

MapServer
MapServer .

QGIS . ,
,
. QGIS
, .
mapserverproject.qgs ( 12.26 )
.
1.
MapServer Export
MapServer ( 12.26 ).
2. (: qgisproject.map).
3.
QGIS
mapserverproject.qgs) .
4. (: MyMap) .
(:
5. (: 600, 400)
.
6. (m)
318 QGIS 1.7.0
12.11.3. .
.
7. "PNG" .
8.
OK
qgisproject.map .
.
, MapServer WMS
.
12.11.3.
.
shp2img .
shp2img MapServer FWTools .

.
shp2img -m qgisproject.map -o mapserver_test.png .
QGIS
PNG . , PNG
. 12.27 ,
.
WMS ,
. ,
, .
Christopher Schmidt 5 , QGIS
.
QGIS( 0. 8) ,
.21)
12. QGIS 319
12.12.
12.27. MapServer shp2img PNG
12.12.
,
.
, PostGIS
.
,
, .
Offline Editing[ ] , spatialite
( PostGIS WFS-T)
,
, . ,

.
21) http://openlayers.org/presentations/mappingyourdata/
320 QGIS 1.7.0
12.13.1.
PostGIS WFS-T
.
.
' '
. spatialite .
.
, ''
.
12.28. PostGIS WFS
12.13. GeoRaster
(Spatial Extension) Oracle
SDO_GEORASTER
12. QGIS 321
12.13. GeoRaster
. QGIS
Oracle GeoRaster Plugin[Oracle GeoRaster ]
GDAL ,
.

. GeoRaster
.
$
gdal_translate
geor:scott/tiger@orcl
-of
georaster
input_file.tif
GDAL_IMPORT RASTER
.
12.13.1.
GeoRaster
(11. 1. 1 ). QGIS GeoRaster
, Oracle
.
Oracle GeoRaster Plugin[Oracle GeoRaster ] "
Spatial GeoRaster " .

New[ ] ,
( 12.29 ).
: .
:
.
:
.
:
322 QGIS 1.7.0
12.13.2. GeoRaster
12.29.
OK , "
GeoRaster" ( 12.30 ) .
Connect[]
Edit[]
, Delete[]
.
12.13.2. GeoRaster
GeoRaster
., GDAL
.
12. QGIS 323
12.13. GeoRaster
Select
.
GeoRaster .
, GeoRaster ,
.
,
Select
/ . GeoRaster
. ,
ID .
GeoRaster
,
.
12.30. GeoRaster
324 QGIS 1.7.0
12.13.3. GeoRaster
Selection[]
geor:scott/tiger@orcl,gdal_import,raster,geoid=
Where .
http://www.gdal.org/frmt_georaster. html
.
12.13.3. GeoRaster
, ID
GeoRaster , , QGIS .
" Spatial GeoRaster " .
,
,
.
: GeoRaster ,
. QGIS PL/SQL
gdaladdo .
gdaladdo :
gdaladdo
georaster:scott/tiger@orcl,georaster\_table,georaster,geo
rid=6 -r
nearest 2 4 6 8 16 32
PL/SQL
$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL> DECLARE
gr sdo_georaster;
BEGIN
12. QGIS 325
12.14. OpenStreetMap
SELECT image INTO gr FROM cities WHERE id = 1 FOR
UPDATE;
sdo_geor. generatePyramid(gr, rLevel=5,
resampling=NN);
UPDATE cities SET image = gr WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
END;
/
OpenStreetMap .

. OSM GPS ,
.
QGIS , OSM
.
OSM
. , , , ,
OpenStreetMap
. OSM , OSM
. OSM

.
OSM . OSM

.
OpenStreetMap
http://www.openstreetmap.org .
326 QGIS 1.7.0
OpenStreetMap
OpenStreetMap
. OpenStreetMap GPS , ,
.
, ,
.
. OSM
, Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2. 0
.
OpenStreetMap .
( 12.31 )
Edit[]
, .
GPS ,
.
OSM API
12. QGIS 327
. (Node), (Way),
(Relation) .
/ .

(Point of Interest[ ]) .
,
.
.
:
. ,
.
(' ', ', '
', ' ' )
. OSM
, (key) (value) . OSM
XML . XML OSM
.
QGIS - OSM
OSM QGIS
. , OSM
, , . QGIS
, , . ,

.

. , (way)
.
(way)
. , .
328 QGIS 1.7.0
(way)
.
OpenStreetMap (relation)
.
.
. , ,
.
OSM QGIS
. QGIS
, .
OSM QGIS , (
) ,
.
QGIS OSM
. OSM .
QGIS ,
OSM OSM .
QGIS OSM ()
.
, OSM
.
ID .
.
OSM OSM
. , OSM
. OSM , , ,
, .
: OSM QGIS
QuantumGIS .
12. QGIS 329
12.14.1.
OpenStreetMap QGIS . Python
11.1.1 ,
OpenStreetMap Plugin .
12.14.2.
OSM QGIS
, 12.32
.
12.32. OSM
OSM
OSM OSM .

. OSM
330 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.2.
.
.
. OSM
.
OSM /
/
. , ,
.
OSM / . OSM
.

Load OSM from file [ OSM ]:
OpenStreetMap
XML .
Show/Hide OSM Feature [OSM
/]
OSM . OSM
OSM .
Download OSM data [ OSM ] OpenStreetMap
.
Upload OSM [ OSM ] ( )
.
Import data from a layer [ ]
.
OSM
.
Save OSM to file [OSM ] OSM
XML .
12. QGIS 331
,
(, ) .
12.14.3. OSM
OSM OSM
. OSM shapefile
OpenStreetMap .
.
Load OSM from file
. , QGIS
OpenStreetMap
.
View[]
Toolbars[]
OpenStreetMap
12.33. OSM
.
.
OpenStreetMap file to load ( OSM ):
OSM .
Add columns for tags ( ): OSM
332 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.4. OSM
QGIS . OSM
( ) .
QGIS ( ) .
QGIS
OSM
.
Replace current data ( ):
.
. OSM

.
Use custom renderer ( ):
. OSM
.
OSM ,
, Small scale . Medium scale
Large scale
. QGIS 1.7.0
.
OK
. OSM
,
. ,
.
12.14.4. OSM
OSM , OSM
12. QGIS 333
. , OSM
. ,
.
Properties[] .
Relation[]
.

.
.
.
.

. .
.
.
.
12.14.5. OSM
OSM OSM
.
. OSM .
, .
.
/ ,
OpenStreetMap .

OSM /
334 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.5. OSM
. OSM
. .
12.34. OSM
Value
.
Remove selected tags[] .
'<next tag value>'

. ,
.
,
.

OSM
Create point[ ] .
12. QGIS 335
, .
,
/ . ,
.
.
.
12.35. OSM

(snapping) .
Ctrl
.

Create line[ ]
.
.
.
.
: 2 .
.
(
) (snapping) .
Ctrl .
336 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.5. OSM

Create polygon[ ]
.
.
.
.
. .
. (
) (snapping)
. Ctrl
.

Move feature[ ] .
( .)
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
. (snapping)
.
(/ )
.
/
.
12. QGIS 337
/ snapping
. , OSM /
3 .
. Ctrl
.

, .
OSM
Remove this feature[ ]
. / , /
. , /
. / ,
/ ()
.
.

2 . ,

.
,
.
, .
12.14.6.
OSM OSM
. ,
( ), ,
.
. QGIS OSM .
338 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.6.
, , , .

,
. OSM
Relation[]
.
.
. Relation Tag[ ]
. Relation Members[ ]
.
.

:
1. OSM
Move feature[ ]
2. OSM
Relation[]
Add relation

. ,
,
. ,
.
.
.
,
Generate tags
.
. .
,
12. QGIS 339
.
, OK .
.

(
).
OSM
Edit relation[ ] . ' '
.
. , ,
. OK
.
12.14.7. OSM
OSM OpenStreetMap
Download OSM data . QGIS
OSM .
Settings[]
Toolbars[]
OpenStreetMap
.
.
(Extent):
. OpenStreetMap
.

.
340 QGIS 1.7.0
help
12.14.7. OSM
12.36. OSM
(Download to):
.
Browse[] .
(Open data automatically after
download): QGIS
. ,
Load OSM from file .
(Replace current data):

Open data
automatically after download [ ]
.
. QGIS
OSM ,
.
(Use custom renderer):
Open data automatically after download [
] .
. OSM
12. QGIS 341
. OSM
,
Small scale . Medium scale

Large scale
. QGIS 1.7.0
Download
.
,
.
.
.
12.14.8. OSM
OSM . ,
OSM , OSM
. OSM
Upload OSM . QGIS
OSM .
Toolbars[]
View[]
OpenStreetMap
. Upload .

. .
.
.
342 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.9. OSM
12.37. OSM
' (Comment on your changes)' ,

.
,
. 'OSM '
. OSM , http://www. openstreetmap. org
. Upload
.
12.14.9. OSM
XML
12. QGIS 343
Save OSM to file . QGIS
OSM .
Toolbars[]
View[]
OpenStreetMap
. .
12.38. OSM
OK
. OSM
XML . OSM
0. 6. OSM (<node>, <way>,
<relation>) (changesets) uids
. . OSM
XML 0.6 DTD .
OSM .
.

. /
.
344 QGIS 1.7.0
12.14.10. OSM
OSM OSM
. OSM
.
Import data from a layer
.
:
12.39. OSM
. OSM
.

.
OK OSM .
.
12.15.
, , (ruggedness)
(DEM)
. ,
( 12.
12. QGIS 345
12.15.
12.40. OSM
41 ). .
(Analysis): , , ruggedness,
(Input layer):
.
(Output layer):
.
(Output format):
( GeoTiff ).

(Slope): ((degrees) ). 1
(Aspect): ( 0
, )
(Ruggedness):
(Total curvature) : ,
346 QGIS 1.7.0
12.41.

1. QGIS DEM .
2. (11.1.1
),
QGIS
Raster Terrain Modelling[ ]
. 12. 41
.
3. (: Slope[] ) .
4. .
5.
OK
12. QGIS 347
12.16.
12.16.
Road Graph[ ]
,
C++ .

,

(
)
QGIS
.
. ,
, .

.
.
.
- ;
- .
,
.
,
.
.
348 QGIS 1.7.0
QGIS
. Plugins[]
Road Graph[]
Road graph plugin settings[ ]

12.42 .

OK
12.42.
12. QGIS 349
12.17.
12.17.
Spatial Query[ ] ,
( )
. GEOS
.

Crosses
Intersects ()
12.43.
Is disjoint
Touches
Within
'Touches Crosses'
350 QGIS 1.7.0
,
. .
QGIS regions. shp airports. shp
.
(11.1.1 )
QGIS
Spatial Query[ ]
. 12.44
.
regions. shp, airports. shp
.
'Contains[]' Apply .
( ) ID
. .
Create layer with list of items[ ]
ID
Create layer with list of items[ ]
.
'And use the result to[ ]'
Remove from current selection[ ]
Zoom to item [ ]
Log messages
[ ] .
12. QGIS 351
12.18. SQL Anywhere
12.18. SQL Anywhere

SQL Anywhere Sybase
(RDBMS). SQL Anywhere OGC, shapefile
, KML, GML SVG
.
SQL Anywhere GPL v3 QGIS ,
. SQL Anywhere
.
Add SQL Anywhere layer[SQL Anywhere ] PostGIS
SpatiaLite .
12.44.
352 QGIS 1.7.0
12.45. SQL Anywhere
12. QGIS 353
13.
13.1.
QGIS ,
.
QGIS ..
, QGIS
.
qgis-user
QGIS ,
QGIS . URL QGIS
.
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-user
fossgis-talk-liste
FOSSGIS e.V.
fossgis-talk-liste .
QGIS GIS .
URL fossgis-talk-liste
.
https://lists.fossgis.de/mailman/listinfo/fossgis-talk-liste
qgis-developer
, qgis-developer
. URL .
355
13.1.
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-developer
qgis-commit
QGIS ,
.
, .
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-commit
qgis-trac
.
, ,
. URL .
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-trac
qgis-community-team
, , ,
, , , ,
.
. URL
:
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-community-team
qgis-release-team
, OS
. URL
:
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-release-team
qgis-tr
.
GUI(Graphical User Interface) ,
356 QGIS 1.7.0
. URL
:
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-tr
qgis-edu
QGIS . QGIS
, . URL
:
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-edu
qgis-psc
Quantum GIS ,
. URL
:
http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/qgis-psc
.
.
qgis-commit qgis-trac ,
.
13.2. IRC
IRC . irc.freenote.net #qgis
.
.
. QGIS .
http://qgis.org/en/commercial-support.html
.
13. 357
13.3. Bug Tracker
IRC !
, .
http://logs.qgis.org IRC-logs
.
13.3. Bug Tracker

QGIS QGIS xyz
, QGIS
.
http://hub.qgis.org/projects/quantum-gis/issues
QGIS .
,
.
, ( ,)
.
, ,
.

. , enhance .
,
.
http://hub.qgis.org/projects/quantum-gis/issues
trac . Patch
. QGIS
.
. .
358 QGIS 1.7.0
13.4. Blog
QGIS
http://www.qgis.org/planet
. QGIS
.
13.5. Wiki
http://www.qgis.org/wiki WIKI
. QGIS, ,
,
. .
.
13. 359
:
2010
EPSG
GIS .
2012 1 3 GDAL 1.9
GIS EPSG
. GIS
EPSG
.
QGIS EPSG
QGIS
. QGIS 1.7.3 GDAL 1.8 .
:
.
, , ,
.
QGIS srd.db qgis.db

http://www.osgeo.kr/44 QGIS_SRS.zip
, qgis.db srs.db .
.
MS-Windows: QGIS (, C:\Program Files\Quantum
GIS Wroclaw\ ) apps\qgis\resources\
.
361
Mac OSX: /Applications/QGIS.app/Contents/Resources/resources/

.
QGIS GDAL
http://www.osgeo.kr/44 data.zip
,
.
MS-Windows : QGIS (, C:\Program Files\Quantum
GIS Wroclaw\ ) share\gdal\ data.zip
.
Mac OSX :
/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/gda
l/ data.zip .
QGIS QGIS EPSG
. Linux
,
.
OSGeo
.
362 QGIS 1.7.0
A. GNU General Public License

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59
Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Fondations software and to any other program whose authors commit
to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered
by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply
it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
363
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These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
"Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work
based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative
work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
364 QGIS 1.7.0
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications

and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee
is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Programs
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and
give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along
with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for
a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy
and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section
1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part
thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties
under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
A. GNU General Public License 365
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty)
and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions,
and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception:
if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such
an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to
print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on
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3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on
it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
following:
366 QGIS 1.7.0
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable

source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1
and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years,
to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of
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c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed
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program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in
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The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt

otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
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However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
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6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
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7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
368 QGIS 1.7.0
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms
and conditions either of that version or of any later version published
by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by
the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation;
we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided
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generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF
CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO
THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM
"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS
WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW
OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER,
OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
370 QGIS 1.7.0
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL,

SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA
OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
A.1. Quantum GIS Qt exception for GPL

In addition, as a special exception, the QGIS Development Team
gives permission to link the code of this program with the Qt library,
including but not limited to the following versions (both free and
commercial):
Qt/Non-commerical
Windows,
Qt/Windows,
Qt/X11,
Qt/Mac, and Qt/Embedded (or with modified versions of Qt that use

the same license as Qt), and distribute linked combinations including
the two. You must obey the GNU General Public License in all
respects for all of the code used other than Qt. If you modify this
file, you may extend this exception to your version of the file, but
you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete
this exception statement from your version.
B. GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
<http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but hanging it is not allowed.
Preamble
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or

other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom:
to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that
373
the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this
License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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world-wide, royaltyfree license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
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You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
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The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
374 QGIS 1.7.0
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that

says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
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can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
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B. GNU Free Documentation License 375
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF

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The Title Page means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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Preserve the Title of such a section when you modify the Document
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
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2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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376 QGIS 1.7.0
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
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distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document).
You may use the same title as a previous version if the original
publisher of that version gives permission.
378 QGIS 1.7.0
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or

entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Documents license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled History, Preserve its Title, and
add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled History in the Document, create
one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document
as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
History section. You may omit a network location for a work
that was published at least four years before the Document itself,
or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives
permission.
K. For any section Entitled Acknowledgements or Dedications,
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled Endorsements. Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled Endorsements
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Versions license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled Endorsements, provided it
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
various parties for example, statements of peer review or that the
text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
380 QGIS 1.7.0
added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are

acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace
the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that
added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released
under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of
the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified,
and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a
single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same
name but different contents, make the title of each such section
unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
History in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled History; likewise combine any sections Entitled
Acknowledgements, and any sections Entitled Dedications. You
must delete all sections Entitled Endorsements.
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, is called an aggregate if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
rights of the compilations users beyond what the individual works
permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License
does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not
themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
of the entire aggregate, the Documents Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
382 QGIS 1.7.0
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the

whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
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386 QGIS 1.7.0
Literature and Web References

[1] GDAL-SOFTWARE-SUITE. Geospatial data abstraction library.
http://www.gdal.org, 2011.
[2] GRASS-PROJECT. Geographic
ressource
analysis
support
system. http://grass.osgeo.org, 2011.

[3] MITCHELL, T. Web mapping illustrated, 2005.
[4] NETELER, M., AND MITASOVA, H. Open source gis: A
grass gis approach, 2008.
[5] OGR-SOFTWARE-SUITE. Geospatial data abstraction library.
http://www.gdal.org/ogr, 2011.
[6] OPEN-GEOSPATIAL-CONSORTIUM. Web map service (1.1.1)
implementation
http://portal.opengeospatial.org, 2002.
specification.
[7] OPEN-GEOSPATIAL-CONSORTIUM. Web map service (1.3.0)

implementation
specification.
http://portal.opengeospatial.org, 2004.
[8]
POSTGIS-PROJECT.
Spatial
support
http://postgis.refractions.net/, 2011.
for
postgresql.
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Quantum GIS

Version 1.7.0 Wroclaw

Bertrand Masson, msys(MS Windows)

Copyright 2004 - 2011 Quantum GIS Development Team

1) 373 B. GNU Free Documentation License

4.4.5. (Labels Tab) 100

(Metadata Tab) 113

4.4.10. (Action Tab) 113

6.2.3. WMS Layer 167

12.7. GDAL 293

2) 363 A. GNU General Public License

QGIS mapfile , UMN MapServer

13. Mapserver (QGIS project MapServer map

Add a Raster Layer

Add a Raster Layer

nviz - Open 3D-View in NVIZ

: Display Name lakes.shp

Linux, Unix, Window File

GNU/Linux Mac OSX rpm, deb, dmg

PROJCS["Albers Equal Area",

Add Raster Layer[ ] .

2. qgis_sample_data/raster/ ERDAS IMG

Add Vector Layer[ ] .

Style[] Fill options

Field containing label[

QGIS , Linux, Windows {

[--help] this text

QGIS locale (localization)

3.1. Alaska QGIS GUI

Open Recent Projects

Zoom Actual Size

Tile Scale Slider

Toggle Full Screen Mode

Add Vector Layer

Add Raster Layer

Save Selection as Vector File

Set CRS of Layer(s)

Set Project CRS from Layer

Add All To Overview

Toggle Full Screen Mode

Live GPS Tracking

Make to top level item[ ] .

Zoom to best scale (100%)[(100%) ]

Set layer CRS[ ]

Set project CRS from layer[ ]

Set layer CRS[ ]

Set project CRS from layer[ ]

Toggle editing (not available for GRASS layers)[ ]

Save selection as[ ]

Set group CRS[ CRS ]

default new layers added to the map should be displayed [

Option[] Map tools[ ]

Save Project As[ ]

Promt to save project changes when required [

(identify tool) (3.7

3.7. GUI Option

Prompt to save project changes when required [

3.7. GUI Option

By default new layers added to the map should be displayed

(central point (standard)[

3.7. GUI Option

()], popmusic tabu[ ()], popmusic chain

Project wide default Coordinate Reference System (CRS) will