RA4120-30A - LTE RPESS LTE EPS Overview

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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Module Objectives After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

List the LTE/SAE main requirements Underline the LTE/SAE key features Review the 3GPP specification work concerning LTE/SAE. Describe the LTE Network Architecture List the key functionalities of the evolved NB Understand the protocol stack implemented on EUTRAN
interfaces Identify the LTE Terminals categories

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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP driven initiative

LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020 & beyond.

It shall especially compete with WiMAX 802.16e/m

It must keep the support for high & highest mobility users
like in GSM/UMTS networks

The architectural changes are big compared to UMTS

LTE commercial launch has started early 2010.

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What are the LTE challenges?

The Users expectation ..leads to the operators challenges

Best price, transparent flat rate Full Internet Click-bang responsiveness

User experience will have an impact on ARPU
Throughput Latency

reduce cost per bit provide high data rate provide low latency
Price per Mbyte has to be reduced to remain profitable

Cost per MByte

HSPA

LTE

HSPA

LTE

UMTS

HSPA

I-HSPA

LTE

LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
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LTE = Long Term Evolution

Next step for
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA

A true global roaming technology

Peak data rates of 303

Mbps / 75 Mbps

Enhanced consumer experience

Low latency 10-20 ms Scalable bandwidth of

1.4 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band

OFDM technology
Flat, scalable IP based
architecture
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Decreased cost / GB

Schedule for 3GPP releases

Next step for

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000
Specification:
UMTS/ WCDMA 3GPP Rel. 99/4 2000 HSDPA IMS Rel. 5 2003 HSUPA MBMS WLAN IW Rel. 6 2005

A true global roaming technology

HSPA+ LTE Studies Rel. 7 2007

LTE & EPC Rel. 8 2008

LTE-A studies Rel. 9 2009

LTE-A Rel. 10 2011

year

LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility. HSPA and LTE have in common: Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency Same kind of Turbo coding The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements. WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.
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Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

Peak data rates of

303 Mbps / 75 Mbps

Enhanced consumer experience:

- drives subscriber uptake - allow for new applications - provide additional revenue streams

Low latency 10-20

ms
Max. peak data rate
350 300 250 Downlink Uplink

Mbps

200 150 100 50 0

HSPA R6

Latency (Rountrip delay)*

GSM/ EDGE HSPA Rel6
Evolved HSPA (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO) LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO) LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO)

HSPAevo (Rel8) LTE

min max

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200 ms

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator) * Server near RAN

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Scalable Bandwidth
Scalable bandwidth

Scalable bandwidth
of 1.4 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming (Cost efficient deployment on lower
frequency bands supported)
Urban

2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz

LTE UMTS

or
2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz 2006 2008

LTE UMTS
2010 2012 2014 LTE 2016 2018 2020

Rural
900 MHz GSM

UMTS
LTE

or
900 MHz

GSM

LTE

2006
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2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

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Increased Spectral Efficiency

OFDMA technology
increases Spectral efficiency

LTE efficiency is 3 x HSPA R6 in downlink HSPA R7 and WiMAX have Similar Spectral Efficiency

All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE assume 2-antenna BTS transmission (2x2 MIMO)
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Downlink Uplink

bps/Hz/cell

ITU contribution from WiMAX Forum shows DL 1.3 & UL 0.8 bps/Hz/cell

Reference: - HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960

- HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335

HSPA R6

HSPA R6 + UE equalizer

HSPA R7

WiMAX

LTE R8

- HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia simulations

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Reduced Network Complexity

Flat, scalable IP based

architecture

Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture IP based Interfaces

Flat, IP based architecture

Access Core Control

MME

IMS

HLR/HSS

Internet
Evolved Node B Gateway

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LTE/SAE Requirements Summary

1. Simplify the RAN:
- Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their complexity. - Minimize the number of RAN interface types.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Increase throughput: Peak data rates of UL/DL 50/100 Mbps

Reduce latency (prerequisite for CS replacement).

Improve spectrum efficiency: Capacity 2-4 x higher than with Release 6 HSPA Frequency flexibility & bandwidth scalability: Frequency Refarming Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network: CSFB for initial phase

Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS services will be supported via VoIP, etc: EPS bearers for IMS based Voice
Flex interface

8. Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the eNBs S1-

9. Support for inter-working with existing 3G system & non-3GPP specified systems. 10. Operation in FDD & TDD modes 11. Improved terminal power efficiency
A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR 25.913.
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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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LTE Radio Interface Key Features

LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
SAE-GW MME

eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

Packet Data Network

LTE Radio Interface Key Features Retransmission Handling (HARQ/ARQ) Spectrum Flexibility

FDD & TDD modes

Multi-Antenna Transmission Frequency and time Domain scheduling Uplink (UL) Power Control
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EUTRAN Key Features

LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
SAE-GW MME

eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

Packet Data Network

EUTRAN Key Features: Evolved NodeB IP transport layer UL/DL resource scheduling QoS Awareness Self-configuration
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EPC Key Features

LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
SAE-GW MME

eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

Packet Data Network

EPC Key Features: IP transport layer QoS Awareness Packet Switched Domain only 3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option Prepare to connect to non-3GPP access networks
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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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Standardisation around LTE

Collaboration agreement established in December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards bodies: ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC. More in www.3gpp.org Next Generation Mobile Networks. Is a group of mobile operators, to provide a coherent vision for technology evolution beyond 3G for the competitive delivery of broadband wireless services. More in www.ngmn.org LTE/SAE Trial Initiative. Is was founded in may 2007 by a group of leading telecommunications companies. Its aim is to prove the potential and benefits that the LTE technology can offer. More in http://www.lstiforum.com/

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From 3GPP Specs into Commercial Launch

Historically, 1.25-1.5 years from the specs approval until backwards compatibility (ASN.1) with HSDPA and HSUPA Historically, 1.25-1.5 years from the backwards compatibility until commercial launch with HSDPA & HSUPA LTE backwards compatibility: 03/2009. First commercial launch: 12/2009

HSDPA

1.5 years 1 2003 2 2004

1.5 years 3 2005 1 2 2006 2007 3

HSUPA

1.25 years 1.25 years LTE

1 2008 2

1.25 years
1 = Specs approved 2 = Backwards compatibility 3 = 1st commercial launch

0.75 years 3
2009 2010

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3GPP LTE Specification Work

End 2004 Beginning 2005 December 2005 March 2006 September 2006 December 2007 December 2008 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution Study item started Multiple Access selected Functionality split between radio and core Study item closed & approval of the work items 1st version of all radio specs approved 3GPP REL. 8: content Finalized and specification frozen Standardization
LTE Workshop
2004

Start of the Study

2005

Close Study and Start Work Item

2006

1st full set of specifications

2007

LTE R8 Content Finalized

2008

Multiple Access Decision

RAN/CN functional split

PDCP moved from CN to EUTRAN

FDD/TDD Frame Structure Alignment

Technology
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3GPP LTE Specification Work & early deployments

March 2009 Protocol Freezing (Backwards compatibility starts) December 2009 3GPP R9 was frozen On December 14, 2009, the world's first publicly available LTE service was opened by TeliaSonera in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo. On September 21, 2010, MetroPCS began to roll out its LTE network in Las Vegas, Nevada March 2011 3GPP Release 10 was frozen.

Standardization
3GPP R8 ASN.1 Code Frozen
2008 2009

3GPP R9 was frozen

20010

3GPP R10 was Frozen (LTE-Advanced)

2011 2012

TeliaSonera launched first commercial LTE network in Sweden and Norway

Metro PCS initiates LTE deployment in the US

Deployments
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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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Network Architecture Evolution

HSPA HSPA R6 GGSN SGSN RNC
Node B (NB)

Direct tunnel HSPA R7 GGSN

I-HSPA HSPA R7 GGSN

LTE
LTE R8 SAE GW
MME/SGSN

SGSN
RNC
Node B (NB)

SGSN

Node B + RNC Functionality

Evolved Node B (eNB)

Flat architecture: single network element in user

plane in radio network and core network

User plane Control Plane

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Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture - Subsystems

The EPS architecture goal is to optimize the system for packet data transfer. There are no circuit switched components. The EPS architecture is made up of: EPC: Evolved Packet Core, also referred as SAE eUTRAN: Radio Access Network, also referred as LTE
EPS Architecture
LTE or eUTRAN SAE or EPC

EPC provides access to external packet IP networks and performs a number of CN related functions (e.g. QoS, security, mobility and terminal context management) for idle and active terminals eUTRAN performs all radio interface related functions

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LTE/SAE Network Elements

Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

HSS eNB

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

Mobility Management Entity

S6a X2

MME

S10

Policy & Charging Rule Function S7 PCRF Rx+

S11 S1-U LTE-Uu S5/S8 SGi

PDN Serving Gateway SAE Gateway PDN Gateway

LTE-UE

Evolved Node B (eNB)

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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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Evolved Node B (eNB)

eNB Functions Inter-cell RRM: HO, load balancing between cells Radio Bearer Control: setup , modifications and release of Radio Resources Connection Mgt. Control: UE State Management, MME-UE Connection Radio Admission Control eNode B Meas. collection and evaluation Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) IP Header Compression/ de-compression Access Layer Security: ciphering and integrity protection on the radio interface

Only network element defined as

part of eUTRAN. Replaces the old Node B / RNC combination from 3G. Terminates the complete radio interface including physical layer. Provides all radio management functions To enable efficient inter-cell radio management for cells not attached to the same eNB, there is a inter-eNB interface X2 specified. It will allow to coordinate inter-eNB handovers without direct involvement of EPC during this process.

MME Selection at Attach of the UE

User Data Routing to the SAE GW

Transmission of Paging Msg coming from MME

Transmission of Broadcast Info (e.g. System info, MBMS)
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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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LTE Radio Interface & the X2 Interface

(E)-RRC
User PDUs

.. User PDUs

LTE-Uu interface
TS 36.300

PDCP RLC MAC LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

eNB

Air interface of LTE Based on OFDMA in DL & SC-FDMA in UL FDD & TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth: 1.4MHz - 20 MHz

LTE-Uu X2-UP (User Plane)

User PDUs

X2 interface
Inter eNB interface X2AP: special signalling protocol
(Application Part) Functionalities: X2 In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover and provide data forwarding. In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management. Logical interface: doesnt need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. can be routed via CN as well

X2-CP (Control Plane)

TS 36.423 TS 36.422

X2-AP
SCTP IP L1/L2

GTP-U
UDP IP L1/L2 TS 36.421 TS 36.424

TS 36.421

TS 36.420

eNB
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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME interface
Control Plane interface between eNB &
MME
TS 36.413 TS 36.412 S1-MME (Control Plane)
NAS Protocols

S1-AP SCTP IP L1/L2 TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane)

MME

S1AP:S1 Application Protocol MME & UE will exchange NAS signaling

via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)

S1 Flex: an eNB is allowed to connect to a

maximum of 16 MME. (LTE2, RL20)

eNB
TS 36.414

User PDUs

GTP-U UDP

Serving Gateway

IP

S1-U interface

User plane interface between eNB & Serving Gateway. Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

TS 36.411

L1/L2

TS 36.410

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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Terminals LTE Summary

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LTE UE Categories

All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Power Class 1

Tx Power (dBm) [+30]

Tolerance (dB)

2
3 4

[+27]
+23 [+21] +/-2 dB

Class 1

Class 2 50/25 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 1-4 Tx 2x2

Class 3 100/50 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 1-4 Tx 2x2

Class 4 150/50 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 1-4 Tx 2x2

Class 5 300/75 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 64QAM Yes 1-4 Tx 4x4

Peak rate DL/UL RF bandwidth Modulation DL Modulation UL Rx diversity BTS Tx diversity MIMO DL

10/5 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 1-4 Tx Optional

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Module Contents

LTE Requirements LTE Key Features LTE Standardization LTE Architecture Evolved NB functionalities EUTRAN Interfaces LTE Summary

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LTE: What is new?

new radio transmission schemes: OFDMA in DL SC-FDMA in UL MIMO Multiple Antenna Technology New radio protocol architecture: Complexity reduction Focus on shared channel operation,
no dedicated channels anymore

new network architecture: More functionality in the base

station (eNodeB) Focus on PS domain Flat architecture (2-nodes) All-IP

Important for Radio Planning Frequency Reuse 1

No need for Frequency Planning No need to define neighbour lists in LTE

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access SC-FDMA: Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access PS: Packet Switched
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