Purpose

Of overload protection and flow control is to avoid the network becoming heavily loaded, which in the worst case could lead to a total collapse of service in a network element. Overload situation can lead to, for instance, call clea

In case of overload, overload protection and flow control ais to maintain the service level of estalished calls as nor

Flow sets certain restrictions for a new call attempts within the network. Flow control on radio interface is perform may be abandoned in the network, but allowing for priorisation , as, for example, in the case of emegency calls.

Two types of blocks: channel or buses with a certain fixed bandwidth, and processors. There are several different types of processors in 1 didgital signal processors (DSP) 2 BTS TRX comtrollers 3 BSC main CPU's (BCSU,MCMU) 4 BSC pre-processors (AS7) BSC BTS TRX BCSU

AS7, LAPD BTS TRX

Abis LAPD link DSP MCMU

Air inter channel CCCH, TCH SDCCH

Marker and Cellular Managementt Unit (MCMU) Performs that control functions of switching matrix and function of the radio interface. Assumes responsibility for radio channels that are contr in the MCMU. It reserves and tracks the radio resources of the BSC. Thus, the BSCs MCMU load might rise in high protected against ezxceptionally high traffic cases.

System Throughput

System Throughput VS Offered Laod

100% LOAD NOMINAL LOAD

ly loaded, which in the worst case scenario n can lead to, for instance, call clearing or reset procedures.

vice level of estalished calls as normal as possible. This also pertains to handover attempts caused by the radio enviroment.

ontrol on radio interface is performed by limiting access from MSs according to specified rules. If required, cew call attempts e, in the case of emegency calls.

ral different types of processors in the system: BCSU BCSU

BCSU signalling unit performs those BSC functio on the volume of traffic. It consists of two parts

PCU CPU AS7, #7

Gb Interface

In the BSC design phase, BCSU was thought to b functional unit of the BSC even though the MCM BCSU distributed. A very large number of radio BTS/MS are processed by the BCSU.

Ainterface # 7 link

This assumption confriemd by testing and live n That is why the main focus is to keep the BCSU area when loding the BSC. However, normally t not the limiting factor and even in high traffic ca overload protection.

Packet-switched traffic has only a marginal effe handles it. If PCU gets overloaded upgrade with Message bus CPU PCU

PCU is used to control EGPRS radio resources. Its procedures include radio resource allocation establisment and management, scheduling, dat control. Reliability is achieved by N+1 redundan

The PCU is protected against exepetionally high data. The data will not be lost since other netw

Managementt Unit (MCMU) functions of switching matrix and the BSC specfic management

With the FULL PCU config, you can share the BS One BTS is, however, always controlled by one from the O&M point of view. This is because no are needed when the network is growing.

for radio channels that are controlled by the BSC. This is centralised ves and tracks the radio resources requested by the MSC or the HO procedures SCs MCMU load might rise in high traffic cases, but the CPU has been eptionally high traffic cases.

OVERLAOD CASES In BSS divided into two types: External overlaod: overlaod in the network as a Internal overload: BSCs owbn processor overloa

m Throughput VS Offered Laod

system implemented by Nokia to keep it on curve 1 -1

External overload indicated by messages sent from on transfer channels can also be conge In the BSC, external overload is man * overlaod at MSC, indicated by O * overload at t the BTS, indicated b * MTP congestion * LAPD congestion

-2

Offered Laod

all attempts

erforms those BSC functions that are depandent c. It consists of two parts, a AND Abis interfaces

e, BCSU was thought to be the heavist loaded BSC even though the MCMU is centralised and the ry large number of radio measurements coming from the by the BCSU.

emd by testing and live networks. ocus is to keep the BCSU CPU load in the safest BSC. However, normally the BCSU CPU load is and even in high traffic cases the CPUs have suffiecnet

c has only a marginal effect on BCSU load, since the PCU overloaded upgrade with new PCU cards to distribute the laod.

EGPRS radio resources. radio resource allocation and managment, connection agement, scheduling, data transfer and Gb load sharing and flow chieved by N+1 redundancy.

gainst exepetionally high traffic cases by ignoring the overflowing be lost since other network elements will resend it in the ack mode. There are also other software-specific overload protecting mechanis

nfig, you can share the BSC controlled BTS domain for multiple PCUs. always controlled by one PCU. This means that the packet switched traffic load can be shared among BCSUs. The equal sharing of the BTSs f view. This is because no BTS switchovers from one PCU to another network is growing.

rlaod in the network as a whole s owbn processor overload

y messages sent from one network element to another. The message annels can also be congested. external overload is manofested in the following cases: d at MSC, indicated by OVERLOAD messages d at t the BTS, indicated by OVERLOAD and LOAD INDICATION

cific overload protecting mechanisms.

SUs. The equal sharing of the BTSs is also effeiecnt