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Review Exercises For Chapter 5: LN 3 1 1 LN 1 LN 1
Review Exercises For Chapter 5: LN 3 1 1 LN 1 LN 1
Chapter 5
4. ln x2
x=3
1 x
ln x2
ln x
6. 3 ln x
2 ln x2
2 ln 5
3 ln x
6 ln x2
ln 52
ln x3
ln x2 xx x
ln 25
ln
25x3 x 1
2
8. ln x
ln x ln x x xx x2 3x
3 3 3 1 x x
10. h x h x
ln 1 x
1 2 1 1
ln x 1 x 2
ln x x2 x3
1 4x 3x2
ln x 2 2x
12. f x f x
ln x x2 1 x 1 ax 1 ax
2 3
ln x 7x2 3x3
2 ln x2 3 6 6x
14.
y dy dx
1 a b2 1 b b2
bx
a ln a ab bx
bx x a bx
2 2x 3 x2 2 b a bx ln a2 x b ln a a2 1 x2
16.
18. u ln x 1 x 1 ax2 1 bx
e
x2 x x2 1
1, du dx
2x dx 2x 1 dx 2 x2 1 1 ln x2 2 1 C
bx
dy dx
1 a 1 ax2
b b a2 a bx
b a a2 x a bx x2 a
b ax a bx
a bx bx ax2 a bx 1 dx x 1 2 ln x
20. u
ln x, du ln x dx x
4
22.
1
ln x dx x
ln x
1
1 dx x
1 ln x 2
e 2 1
1 2
1 dx x
1 ln x 4
24.
0
tan
x dx
ln cos 0 ln
4 1 2
x
0
1 ln 2 2
549
5x 5x x
7 7
(b)
10
1 6
7 7 x
10
y x 5 f f
1
(c) f
f x x
f f
5x 7 5
7 5
5x x 5
7 5 7 7
x x
28. (a)
f x y
3 3
x3 x3 x y
3
2 2
(b)
4
1 5
y x f
1
2 2 x
(c) f
f x
1
f f
1 3
x3 x
2 2
3 3
x3 x 2
2
3
2 2
x x
f f 30. (a) f x y y x f
1
x2 x2 x y x
5, x 0 5
(b)
f 1
6
5 5 x
(c) f
f x
1
f f
x2 x
5 5
x2 x
5 5
2
5 5
x for x 0. x
f f 32. f x f 4 f x f 4 f
1
x x 4 x 1 1 f 4 e1 e1 1 1 1 1
x x
34. f
f x
1 1 1
ln x ex ex e0 1
x x 0
3 2 1 3 3
1 xx 2
1 2
f f
36. (a)
f x y ln y x y f
1
(b)
x ln y ln x ln x
f f
2 1 5
(c) f
f x
f 1
e1 1
1 x x e1
ln e1
f f
f 1
ln x
ln x
eln x
550
Chapter 5
38. y
4e
x2
y 5 4
40. g x
ln
ln ex g x 1
1 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 x 1 2 3 4 5
42. h z h z
z2 2
44. y
z2 2
3e 3e
3 t
46. f 3t
2
ze
3 t
9e 3 t2
48.
cos x2 2x sin x2 dy dx
xey xey dy dx ey x2 ey
50. Let u e1 x dx x2
1 , du x e1
1 dx. x2
x
2x sin xey e dx
2x,
1 dx x2
e1
e2x e e
2x 2x
du
2e2x
2x
dx.
x3
1
1, du 1 x3 e 3
3x2 dx.
1
2e 2x dx e 2x e
2x
dx
3x2 dx
1 x3 e 3
56.
e2x dx e2x 1
10,000
0 0
(b)
V V t V 1 V 4
8000e
0.6t
, 0 t 5
4800e
0.6t
60. Area
0
2e
dx
2e
x 0
2e
2 e2
1.729
62. g x
62
y
x2
64. y
log4 x2
y 5 4 3 2 1
8 6
5 4 3 2 1
2 x 2 4
x 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
Review Exercises for Chapter 5 66. f x f x 4xex 4xex ln 4 4xex x x 1 1 x 1 4xex 1 ln 4 68. y y 2 x4 4
1 t x x
551
ln 4
70. h x h x
log5
log5 x
log5 x
72.
t2
dt
1 2 ln 2
1 t
1 1 ln 5 x
1 1 ln 5 x x 1 18,000 18,000 h
74. t
50 log10
18,000 18,000 h
t
50
50 log10
h h
10
t 50
Vertical asymptote: h
18,000
76. 2P 2 ln 2 r
78.
y y 600
5 5
600 1620
3.868 grams
6.93%
80. (a)
0.012y, s > 50 ds C1
0.012s
(b) Speed(s) Miles per Gallon (y) 50 28 55 26.4 60 24.8 65 23.4 70 22.0
1 ln y 0.012 y When s y dy dx dy y
28
Ce
0.012 50
28e0.6
0.012s,
s > 50
82.
e e
2x 2x
2x
dx e
2x
1 2e 2 1 e C
2x 2x
dx
1 ln 1 2
552 84. y
Chapter 5 ey sin x dy dx e
y
Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions 0 ey sin x sin x dx cos x 1 cos x ln 1 cos x C C C1 C C1 ln cos x C
dy
y
ey y
86.
dy dx
3x x 3x
y y dx
Let y 3x
vx, dy vx dx 3x
x x dv 2vx dx 3
2v 2v 2v 2y
1 2
ln C2
C 3 3Cx
y x
2Cy
3Cx 2C
88.
dv dt (a)
kv
(b) lim v t
t
9.8 k 1 9.8 k 1 9.8t k kv0 1 kv k 0 1 kv k2 0 9.8 1 kv k2 0 1 kv k2 0 9.8 ekt dt 9.8 ekt 9.8 ekt C C 9.8 ekt 9.8 ekt s0 1 C s0 1 kv k2 0 1 kv k2 0 s0 9.8 9.8 C
1 ln kv k ln kv kv
(c) s t
At t
0,
v0 v
553
3 arcsin 2x
y
arccot 2 2
5 1
tan arccot 2
2 4 2 4
tan 5
1 . 2
arcsec 5 5
5 2
cos arcsec
cos
1 . 5
94. y y
arctan x2 1 2x x2 1
1
2
96. y x4 2x 2x2 2 y
98. y y
x2 x x
2
1 x 2
x
2
4 x2
x2 4 x x
2
4 4
x2 x
100. Let u 3
5x, du 1 dx 25x2 1
5x
5 dx
1 5x arctan 5 3 3
102.
16 4 4
x2
dx
1 x arctan 4 4 1 4
104.
x dx x2
x2 1 1
2
dx
1 2
x2
1 2
2x dx
4 arcsin
x 2
x2
106. Let u
arcsin x, du
x2
dx.
108.
2
arcsin x dx 1 x2
1 arcsin x 2
C
4
y = arcsin x
sin y dy , 1 0.571.
arcsin x dx
110. y y
x tanh x 2 1
2x tanh
1
x3, du
4x2
2x
x2 sech x3 2 dx
3x2 dx
1 tanh x3 3
554
Chapter 5
(b)
4 3 2 1
1 2
3 2
3 2
sin x dx
0
sin x dx
0
sin x dx
0
0
sin x (d)
1 y
2 dx
22
(c)
1 2
x 1 1
arccos x dx
1
1 ,
1 tan x 1 . 4 2
point
1 tan x
dx
1 2 2
4. y y
0.5x and y 2x
1.2x intersect y x.
x.
y = 0.5 x
y = 2x y = x
y = 1.2 x
Suppose y ax y
x is tangent to y x1 x.
x
ax at x, y .
6 2
x a
ax ln a
1 x ln x1
e
1 ln x
1 x
e, a x.
e1
ax intersects y
arcsin x
sin y
6
dy
cos y
6
2 2
3 2
3 2
0.1589
Area B
2 2
1 2
12 Area C
0.2618 2 2 3 2 2 8 1 12 2 2 A 2 12 3 0.1346 B
(b)
1 2
arcsin x dx
4 2 8
CONTINUED
555
(c) Area A
0
ey dy
ln 3
ln 3
y = ln x
ey
0 3
3 ln x dx
1 3 ln 3
2 A 3 ln 3 2 ln 27 2 1.2958
A B
ey = x
Area B
1
x 1 2 3
(d)
tan y Area A
x
3
tan y dy
4 3
ln cos y
4
y = arctan x
1 ln 2
3
2 ln 2
ln 2 3
1 ln 2 2 1 ln 2 2 4 1
3 4
A C
x 1 3
Area C
1
arctan x dx 4 3 3
3 1 ln 2 2
0.6818
tan x, du
4 0
sec2 x dx 1
4
sin x
4 cos x
dx
0 1 0
sec2 x dx tan2 x 4 du
eax
u2
4
1 0
1 u arctan 2 2 1 1 arctan 2 2
1 1 4 dt t t et
1. (b)
1 y
12. (a)
y1 1 1
y ,y 0 dy y y 1 y 1 y y y y
ln 1 ln
C C
C
6 4 2 x 2 4 6
C1et yC1et
t
dy dt d2y dt 2
t
y1 y
y y
y2 0 for y 1 2
C1et 1
2yy y
C1e C1et 3
1 C2e
y0
1 4
1 1 1 C2
C2
Hence, y
1 . 3e t
d2y 1 1 d2y > 0 if 0 < y < and 2 < 0 if < y < 1. 2 dt 2 2 dt 1 , the Thus, the rate of growth is maximum at y 2 point of inflection.
CONTINUED
556
Chapter 5
As before, y y0 Thus, y 1 2
C2 2
t.
1 2 e
14. (a) u v
985.93 985.93
985.93
1
12t
0.095 12
12t
1000
u v
120,000 0.095 12
(b) The larger part goes for interest. The curves intersect when t (c) The slopes are negatives of each other. Analytically, u u 15 (d) t 985.93 v 15 du v dt 14.06. dv dt
27.7 years.
0 0
35
12.7 years