: SPSS (2)

7 :

1. .
2. , .
3. .
4. , .

<1>
1.

.

.
.

(measurement error)
. .
.

.
.
,
.

(X) (T) (E)

.

.

X=TE E=X-T

. (positive)
(negative) .
(random)
.
.
(

).

,
x=t+e .
x=(t+e)
x=(t+e)
x=t+e+2te

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.

<2>
2.

, , ,
.

. (agreement between/among raters)

(inter-rater reliability) 2
.


.

2
, 3 2
, 2
( , 2005, p. 98 )

2 50 //
<> 2 88% .

20
2
0
14
0

0
2
10

22
18
10
=(20+14+10)/50=0.88, 88%

22
16
12
50

Cohen(1960) (K: Kappa)

.
.

. (retest reliability)

,
. ,
.

.

.

, , ,

.

.
.

.
, ,
,
.

. (equivalent form test reliability)

.

.
.

, , .
, ,
(parallel-form test) .

.
(pool) .

.

.
.
(, ) .


.

. (Spilit-half test reliability)

.
.
,
.

 . ,
, .
.

.
, ,

.
,
Spearman-Brown ,
.

, Spearman-Brown

. 0.5 20.5/1+0.5=0.33 .

. (item internal consistency)

.

.
Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) (Cronbach's alpha coefficient)
.

.

,
.
.

.

1) Kuder-Richardson ( )
Kuder-Richardson ,

. .
,
. K/(K-1)
.

K=

=
=i

=1-
.

10 3 .
1, 0 .

10

10

100

81

16

23

529

=65.7-58.8=117.5

(p) (Np)
. (q) (1-p) .


Np

1
3

2
3

3
3

4
2

5
2

6
3

7
2

8
2

9
2

10
1

0.67

0.67

0.67

0.67

0.67

0.33

0.33

0.33

0.33

0.33

0.33

0.67

pq

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

=0+0+0+0.22+0.22+0+0.22+0.22+0.22+0.22=1.33

0.11

2) (Cronbach's alpha coefficient)

.
.

1, 0
5, 4,
3, 2, 1

.

,

. n/(n-1)
.

n=

( )

( )

3.

, , ,
.

KR
.
.
,
.
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, .
1
1 6
. 1 6
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1 .
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. (speed test)
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<3>
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.

. 266
, 267 533. 200, 333
, 1, 2 40%
, 3 15% .

266

49.9


Total

267
533

50.1
100.0

1
118
59.0%
102
30.6%
220
41.3%

2
65
32.5%
170
51.1%
235
44.1%

3
17
8.5%
61
18.3%
78
14.6%

200
100.0%
333
100.0%
533
100.0%

50 ,
.
(, , ) .
, 1, 1
2,

3, 4,

5 .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

48
49
50

.
.
.
.
.
.
(: ) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

1
1
1

2
2
2

3
3
3

4
4
4

5
5
5

SPSS

SPSS Analyze -> Scale -> Reliability Analysis

( )
1. Items .
2. Model , (alpha) .

Method
Alpha
Split half
Guttman
Parallel

( )
-
Guttman

Strick parallel

3. Statistics .
4. , Item, Scale, Scale if item deleted
.
Statistics
Hotelling's T-square Hotelling's T
Turkey's
test
of
Turkey
addictivity
Intraclass correlation , F
coefficient

Statistics
Item

Scale

Scale if item deleted
Summaries
Means
Variance
Covariance
Correlation

Inter-Items
Correlation
Covariance

ANOVA Table
None
F-test
Friedman chi-square
Cochran chi-square

6. output .
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted

Scale Variance if
Item Deleted

Q1
Q2

Q50

alpha=0.97

Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation

Alpha if Item
Deleted

7. .

20 0.97 .
0.96
.

- ,
.
.
- , , ,
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1. . ?
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2. . ?
2
.
,
.

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3. ?