THAM LUN NG DNG PHN MM NGUN M V IN TON M MY TRONG PHT TRIN CHNH PH IN T

Trnh by: TS. Phm Huy Hong Vin Cng nghip phn mm v ni dung s Vit Nam - B Thng tin v Truyn thng

M U Th gii cng ngh thng tin v vin thng lin tc c ci tin v thay i khng ngng theo m hnh xon c theo thi gian i, t th k ny n th k khc. Nhng cng ngh mi m ra nhng c hi v thch thc khng ch gc cnh tranh gia cc doanh nghip trong nc v ngoi nc m cn nh hng ln n s cnh tranh pht trin ca cc quc gia v ang pht trin trn ton cu. Trong , tro lu phn mm ngun m v in ton m my l mt trong nhng cng c, cng ngh h tr cho nhng t chc nh nc, t nhn nghin cu, pht trin mang tnh nhy vt, thu ngn khong cch trnh v chun kin thc cng ngh mi, to ra nng lc cnh tranh, i mi t duy v cn nhiu hn na. c bit, cc t chc cng nh cc quc gia ang pht trin bit tn dng v trin khai phn mm ngun m v cng ngh in ton m my mt cch ph hp s mang n nhiu li ch cho quc gia. Nghin cu, pht trin v trin khai cc sn phm phn mm ngun m v cng ngh in ton m my khng ch l tro lu ca doanh nghip Vit nam m l mt nh hng pht trin CNTT ca t nc do ng v Nh nc xng v ch o thc hin, c th bng Quyt nh s 235/2004/Q-TTg k ngy 2/3/2004 ph duyt d n tng th v PMNM, Quyt nh s 49/2010/QTTg k ngy 19/7/2010 ph duyt Danh mc cng ngh cao c u tin u t pht trin v Danh mc sn phm cng ngh cao c khuyn khch pht trin. Tham lun ny vi mong mun ng gp v thc y qu trnh nghin cu, pht trin v trin khai PMNM v cng ngh TM Vit Nam, ng thi cng a ra mt cch nhn tng th v nhng vn , dch v v cng ngh lin quan da trn m ngun m. I. TNG QUAN 1. Phn mm ngun m Theo Wikipedia, phn mm ngun m (PMNM) l phn mm vi m ngun c cng b v s dng mt giy php ngun m. Giy php ny cho

php bt c ai cng c th nghin cu, thay i v ci tin phn mm, v phn phi phn mm dng cha thay i hoc thay i [1]. iu ny khng c ngha l chng c th c sao chp, sa cha thoi mi hay s dng vo mc ch no cng c. M ngun m c cng b di rt nhiu iu kin khc nhau, mt s trong cho php pht trin, s dng v bn ty min l gi nguyn cc dng v ngun gc sn phm, mt s bt buc tt c cc sn phm lm ra t cng phi l phn mm m ngun m, mt s khc i hi phi cng b trn vn m ngun, mt s khc khng cho php s dng vo mc ch thng mi, mt s khc li khng c rng buc g ng k v.v Cho d vi iu kin s dng nh th no i chng na, phn mm ngun m em li cho cc t chc, doanh nghip v ngi s dng nhng li ch sau: a. S t do: khi cc t chc, doanh nghip v ngi dng chuyn sang s dng phn mm m ngun m, h s thot khi s kim sot v nhng yu cu kht khe v gi c, thi gian s dng sn phm ca cc nh cung cp c quyn phn mm c bn quyn; c th kim sot c vic t ra quyt nh v nhiu la chn phn mm m khng ph thuc vo cng ty no; lun c mt cng ng rng ln gm cc nh thit k, pht trin v nhng ngi s dng khc sn sng h tr, chia s thng tin v kinh nghim. b. Cht lng: phn mm thng mi do mt nhm thit k ca mt cng ty thc hin, trong khi phn mm ngun m c sng to bi rt nhiu nh thit k v ngi s dng hon thin n theo ng nhu cu v gi tr k vng thc t ca h. iu m cc nh cung cp phn mm bn quyn c th thng xuyn p ng nhanh c yu cu ca cng ng ngi s dng trong mt khong thi gian ngn. c. Tnh linh hot: t chc, doanh nghip v ngi s dng c th s dng phn mm ngun m trn cc phn cng my tnh li thi hn. Trong khi, phn mm bn quyn nh Windows v Office ca Microsoft lun yu cu ngi dng phi tun th vic nng cp phn mm v phn cng. i vi vic s dng phn mm ngun m, khng phi cc nh cung cp, m chnh ngi s dng mi l ngi quyt nh khi no cn cp nht cc phn mm. d. Tnh tng thch: phn mm m ngun m c kh nng tng thch vi cc chun m tt hn l cc phn mm bn quyn. ng thi cng khng b gii hn bi nhng nh dng d liu gia cc phin bn c v mi trong phn mm ngun m. e. Tnh an ton: m ngun c ph bin rng ri gip t chc, doanh nghip v ngi s dng d pht hin, khc phc cc l hng an ton trc khi chng b li dng. a phn cc li h thng ca phn mm ngun m c pht hin trong qu trnh r sot nh k v c sa trc khi gy ra bt k thit hi no. Cc h thng phn mm ngun m thng c quy trnh r sot ch ng ch khng phi r sot i ph. Chnh s cng khai m ngun v cc yu t

trng tm ca m ngun m m cc li k thut nhanh chng c cng ng pht hin v x l nhanh chng, ci thin tnh an ton. y l iu hon ton tri ngc vi phng chm s an ton c c nh vo tnh b mt, vn thng c s dng nh gi cc phn mm c bn quyn thng mi khc. f. Bn quyn: theo nh gi ca Lin minh phn mm Quc t BSA, Vit Nam vn l 1 trong 10 nc c t l vi phm bn quyn phn mm cao nht th gii. Nm 2011, Vit Nam c cho l c t l vi phm bn quyn phn mm my tnh l 81% [2]. y l mt vn khng th gii quyt trong ngy mt ngy hai Vic chuyn sang s dng phn mm ngun m bc u gp khng t kh khn nhng l mt trong nhng gii php gip ci thin ng k tnh trng vi phm bn quyn hin nay, mang li nhng c hi tit kim chi ph s hu phn mm, thu hp khong cch trnh cng ngh, nghin cu sng to, tn trng cc gi tr ca sn phm tr tu ng thi vi nng cao nng lc cnh tranh lnh mnh. g. Chun cng ngh m: phn mm ngun m trong qu trnh s dng rng ri trong cc khu vc hay ngnh ngh nht nh s t hnh thnh nn nhng chun m. Khi s dng phn mm ngun m, ngi s dng c xem nh tham gia vo qu trnh xy dng chun cho ng dng phn mm ngun m, chun cng ngh m cho a phng, quc gia m bo rng nhng chun s ph hp vi c im vn ha v nhu cu thc t ca a phng, quc gia . h. Tnh ty bin: cc t chc, doanh nghip v ngi s dng c th bin i mt phn ca gi phn mm m ngun m bin chng ph hp vi nhng nhu cu ca mnh. Nh vo tnh m ca cc m ngun m cc t chc, doanh nghip c th ty chnh, pht trin b sung thm tnh nng cung cp nh dch v cng, dch v c thu ph. iu ny rt kh thc hin i vi nhng phn mm c bn quyn thng mi. Ngay c khi phi tr ph cao cho nh cung cp phn mm c bn quyn c quyn thay i m ngun, cc t chc, doanh nghip vn b mt s cc iu kin rng buc nht nh v nm trong tm kim sot ca nh cung cp. k. o to ngun nhn lc CNTT: tnh m v tnh cng ng ca phn mm ngun m l iu kin tt cho vic nghin cu, pht trin ngun nhn lc ti ch, p ng cc yu cu trin khai s dng phn mm ngun m cho cc t chc nh nc, doanh nghip. Vi cc cng c pht trin ng dng phong ph, cc ti liu cng ngh c th t do ti v t mng internet, cc kho m ngun do cng ng ngun m trn th gii pht trin v cung cp min ph, vic o to ngun nhn lc nghin cu v pht trin CNTT c bi bn s to ra nhng sn phm hon ton c th thay th cc sn phm thng mi. 2. in ton m my Wikipedia nh ngha in ton m my (TM) l m hnh in ton s

dng cc cng ngh my tnh v pht trin da vo mng internet. m hnh in ton ny, mi kh nng lin quan n CNTT u c cung cp di dng cc dch v, cho php ngi s dng truy cp cc dch v cng ngh t mt nh cung cp no trong m my m khng cn phi c cc kin thc, kinh nghim v cng ngh , cng nh khng cn quan tm n cc c s h tng phc v cng ngh [3]. y l nh ngha mt cch khi qut v 03 kiu dch v in ton m my chnh c cung cp trn th trng nh sau: a. Phn mm nh mt dch v (SaaS): l phn mm c pht trin v hot ng trn nn tng web c qun l bi nh cung cp v cho php ngi dng truy cp t xa. Khng ging nh phn mm ng gi truyn thng ngi s dng thng phi ci t vo h thng my tnh hoc cc my ch ca h, nh cung cp phn mm dch v SaaS lm ch s hu phn mm ny v chy phn mm trn h thng my tnh trn trung tm c s d liu. Khch hng khng s hu phn mm ny nhng h c th thu n tit kim chi ph, thng th khch hng s tr ph thu theo thng. Vic trin khai SaaS mang li nhng li im: Trin khai SaaS tn t thi gian hn vic trin khai cc phn mm ci t ti ch n gin l do ngi dng s khng phi ci t phn mm trn tng my tnh. Qun l ri ro tt hn do nh cung cp c chnh sch u t bo v d liu tt, cng nh h thng sao lu theo tiu chun m bo khi c thm ha xy ra vi trung tm my tnh ang lu gi d liu, th d liu cng khng th b mt. Truy cp t bt k a im no c kt ni Internet. D ang cng ty, nh hay thm ch ang i trn ng, ngi dng u c th truy cp vo d liu v hon thnh cng vic.
An ton v tin cy hn bng nhng bin php an ninh bao gm bc tng

la, k thut m ho, tnh nng bo mt socket, h thng pht hin s xm nhp v cc tnh nng bo v khc m nh cung cp ny tch hp trn h thng my ch ca h An ton khi virus do cc ng dng da trn Internet to nn mt giao dch gia ngi s dng v d liu ca h. Nng cp v bo tr dch v d dng hn do phn mm c pht trin v hot ng tp trung trn my ch ca nh cung cp. Tit kim chi ph cho c nh cung cp v ngi s dng do pht trin phn mm 1 ln nhng cung cp cho ng thi nhiu khch hng s dng. V d v SaaS l: cc ng dng Web nh Zoho (x l vn bn, bng tnh), Salesforce (CRM-Qun l quan h khch hng), Google Search (tm kim), Yahoo! Weather (D bo thi tit) l nhng ng dng tuyt vi ca in ton m my, nhng chng c th khng c ch cho mt doanh nghip ang mun

s hu mt in ton m my ring vi l do h khng trc tip c qun l d liu ca mnh trong h thng ca nh cung cp SaaS. b. Nn tng nh mt dch v (PaaS): l dch v m nh cung cp cho thu mt tp hp cc ti nguyn yu cu ngi pht trin c th thc hin c ton b vic pht trin v trin khai cc ng dng m khng cn bt k thao tc ti hay ci t phn mm no. Ngi pht trin khng s hu tp hp cc ti nguyn ny nhng c th thu n tit kim chi ph, thng ph thu tr theo thng, nm. Cc li ch do PaaS mang li: Chi ph v phn mm: l chi ph ban u cn thit s hu mt phn mm. i vi PaaS, chi ph ban u mua phn mm c phn phi cho nhiu ngi thu. Do , ngi s dng khng cn u t nhiu v phn mm, phn cng, cc thit b mng, cc phn mm v thit b trung gian (middleware), c s h tng. Chi ph vn hnh phn mm: bao gm cc chi ph v nng cp phn cng v phn mm, s thch hp ca cc gi. Vi PaaS, nhng chi ph trn c gim thiu hoc ngi s dng ch chi tr trong thi gian di thng qua hnh thc s dng. Tnh n nh: PaaS cung cp nhiu mc pht trin phn mm khc nhau. Mi mc u c s m bo an ton v thit b, v cc cam kt theo cc tiu chun s dng thng trc.
Chi ph qun l: cc h thng c h tr v do ngi s dng khng

cn quan tm nhiu n vic cp nht v bo tr phn mm nn. Mang li li th chin lc: PaaS cung cp chnh l chin lc pht trin da trn tim lc ca tng doanh nghip. Gim thiu ri ro: vic u t CNTT l mt u t c ri ro cao v s lc hu ca cng ngh phn cng v phn mm. Vi PaaS, cng nhiu ngi s dng dch v chng t dch v theo kp thi i. Mt s v d v cc nn tng nh mt dch v (PaaS) bao gm: Google App Engine, AppJet, Etelos, Qrimp, v Force.com l mi trng pht trin chnh thc cho Salesforce.com. Tuy nhin PaaS ca cc nh cung cp dch v cng tn ti mt s hn ch, bt li chnh l n c th kha ngi dng khi s dng ti nguyn. Do ngi s dng phi gn b vi nn tng ca nh cung cp v nu mun thay i ng dng th s phi vit li. c. H tng nh mt dch v (IaaS): l vic nh cung cp cho thu phn cng my tnh (my ch, cng ngh mng, lu tr v khng gian d liu) nh mt dch v, n cng c th bao gm vic cung cp cc h thng iu hnh v cc cng ngh o ha qun l ti nguyn. Vi IaaS, ngi s dng thu ti

nguyn thay v vic mua v ci t d liu vo trung tm d liu ca nh cung cp. Dch v thng c tr tin theo s dng, c th m rng quy m nu ngi s dng c nhu cu s dng nhiu ti nguyn hn so vi d kin, cng nh thu hp ty theo yu cu ca ng dng. Ton quyn qun l: ngi pht trin ton quyn gim st, cu hnh v trin khai cc my ch o trn phn cng cc my ch, kho d liu, thit b networking theo bn hp ng mc dch v vi nh cung cp.
C s h tng ng: ngi s dng c th iu chnh cc ti nguyn theo

yu cu s dng ca bn. IAAS trong cloud s p ng nhanh chng vic tng hay gim ti nguyn mt cch d dng. Amazon, IBM, Vmware, Microsoft l nhng nh cung cp dch v IaaS song hnh cng vi dch v PaaS v SaaS. i vi vic trin khai vn hnh Chnh ph in t v lu tr d liu quc gia rt quan trng cn phi u t lm ch h tng v c quy trnh qun l ring cht ch, khng th giao ph, thu nh dch v v lu tr d liu nm ngoi lnh th quc gia. II. NG DNG PMNM V CNG NGH TM TRONG CHNH PH IN T Theo nh ngha ca Wikipedia, Chnh ph in t l ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng cc c quan ca Chnh quyn t trung ng v a phng i mi, lm vic c hiu lc, hiu qu v minh bch hn; cung cp thng tin, dch v tt hn cho ngi dn, doanh nghip v cc t chc; v to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi dn thc hin quyn dn ch v tham gia qun l Nh nc [4]. 1. ng dng phn mm ngun m trong Chnh ph in t Quyt nh s 235/2004/Q-TTg ngy 02 thng 3 nm 2004 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt D n tng th v ng dng v pht trin phn mm ngun m Vit Nam giai on 2004-2008; B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh ch th s 07/2008/CT-BTTTT v y mnh s dng phn mm ngun m trong hot ng ca c quan, t chc nh nc, thng t s 41/2009/TTBTTTT v Danh mc cc sn phm phn mm m ngun m p ng c yu cu s dng trong cc c quan, t chc nh nc; B Gio dc v o to ban hnh thng t s 08/2010/TT-BGDT qui nh v s dng phn mm t do m ngun m trong cc c s gio dc; B Khoa hc v Cng ngh xy dng ti liu hng dn s dng v t chc tp hun cc phn mm ny cho nhiu c quan, t chc nh nc trn ton quc l nhng vn bn php l cho vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ti cc c quan ca Chnh ph t trung ng v a phng i mi, lm vic c hiu lc, hiu qu v minh bch hn; cung cp thng tin, dch v tt hn cho ngi dn, doanh nghip v cc t chc; v to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi dn thc hin quyn dn ch v

tham gia qun l Nh nc. n nay, vic ng dng phn mm ngun m: a. ng dng phn mm ngun m trong c quan nh nc Kt qu: Trin khai v s dng hiu qu phn mm ngun m gm phn mm h iu hnh Ubuntu, son tho vn bn OpenOffice, trnh duyt web Firefox, th in t Thunderbird/Evolution ti cc B, c quan ngang B, cc s ngnh a phng t kt qu thp hn nhiu so vi mc tiu ra trong Ch th s 07/2008/CT-BTTTT. Trin khai cc phm trong my ch nh h qun tr c s d liu (PostgreSQL, MySQL), phn mm my ch th in t (SendMail, Postfix), h qun tr ni dung (Alfresco, Drupal, Joomla) cn rt thp. Hn ch: Thi quen ngi s dng lu nay vi phn mm c bn quyn nh Windows, Office ca Microsoft, phn mm k ton, v ch vn hnh c trn h iu hnh Windows. Phn mm ngun m nh OpenOffice, b g ting vit, th in t (Thunderbird, Evolution), trnh duyt Firefox cha t n cht lng tha mn ngi s dng khi c so snh vi phn mm c bn quyn. Khi nng cp phn mm ngun m gp li th khng c ngi h tr kp thi, gy gin on cng vic ca ngi s dng. Thiu ti liu s dng phn mm ngun m bng ting Vit. Vic trin khai v vn hnh cc phn mm trn my ch cn phc tp, trong khi i ng cng ngh thng tin ti cc c quan nh nc cn mng v khng chuyn v ngun m. Chnh sch v t chc thc hin chnh sch cha hiu qu nn cn b cng chc cha nhn thc y v ch ng s dng. Mt s lnh o n v cng khng ng h phn mm ngun m hoc phn vn ra quyt nh chn s dng phn mm ngun m hay phn mm c bn quyn c nh nc h tr kinh ph. b. ng dng phn mm ngun m phc v ngi dn v doanh nghip Kt qu: Theo bo co thng k tnh n thng 5/2012, hin 96,6% cc b, ngnh c website ring, 100% cc tnh, thnh ph c cng thng tin in t, 83,6% cc thng tin ch o ban hnh c cng khai trn nn tng web.

 S liu thng k trong Sch Trng CNTT-TT Vit Nam nm 2012, c

nc c 9.800 dch v trc tuyn c cung cp mc 1 v 2 (cng b th tc v biu mu, ngi dn c th ti biu mu h s th tc v in); 860 dch v cng trc tuyn mc 3 (ngi dn c th ti biu mu v np h s qua mng) v 11 dch v cp 4 (mi h s c gi v tr qua mng, ngi dn khng cn n tn ni). Hn ch: a phn dch v cng cho doanh nghip v ngi dn c tnh 1 chiu (c quan Nh nc cng b biu mu, thng tin ngi dn ti v , sau in thng tin v mang n c quan np h s). Hin mi ch c 5% ngi dn giao tip 2 chiu cc dch v cng gi v nhn h s trc tuyn. H tng cng ngh thng tin cn phi c ci thin v bng thng, tnh n nh, an ton v c th truy cp mi lc mi ni. thng tin n c doanh nghip v ngi dn, h tng cng ngh thng tin l mt trong nhng cng c hu hiu ca vic truyn thng, cng nh p ng tnh nng tng tc (2 chiu). Thiu chun d liu c thng tin m t d liu (metadata) v cc kho lu tr d liu i vi cc d liu chuyn ngnh c qun l tp trung, phc v cho vic tm kim v trao i gia trung ng vi cc a phng. Thiu i ng cng ngh thng tin c k nng thit k gii php, tch hp v pht trin phn mm ngun m trin khai mt h thng mng t vn hnh, qun l v cnh bo khi c pht sinh s c, li phn mm h thng, xm nhp tri php C nhng d liu chuyn ngnh c th chuyn thnh dch v tng minh cung cp cho doanh nghip v ngi dn nhng cha c khai thc mt cch hiu qu. V d nh thng tin chung m c quan nh nc, doanh nghip v ngi dn u ht sc quan tm nh nhit mi trng, nhim khng kh, mc nc sng, cht lng nc sinh hot, nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip, nng lng tiu dng sn xut, y t cng ng, mt dn s ... T nhng hn ch trong vic trin khai, chng ta c th hnh dung ra nhng thiu st vic c mt hoc vi n v nh nc c giao nhim v thc hin nhng vic nh sau trong qu trnh thc y chuyn i ng dng phn mm ngun m trong chnh ph in t: Nghin cu, phn tch v nh gi u nhc im ca cc phn mm ngun m nm trong danh sch khuyn co s dng. xut bin php ci thin cht lng phn mm ngun m thn thin hn vi ngi s dng. Nghin cu, nh gi v xut gii php h tng cng ngh thng tin,

mt s m hnh mu v chun h thng mng ni b da trn phn mm ngun m p dng cho cc c quan nh nc. Nghin cu v phn tch v an ninh, an ton thng tin trong vic ng dng Chnh ph in t, xut gii php phng chng tn cng DDoS, Virus, bo v s ring t v an ton thng tin ca d liu. To lp v cp nht thng xuyn cc ti liu s dng phn mm ngun m bng ting Vit h tr ngi s dng, ngi vn hnh h thng. 2. ng dng in ton m my trong cc c quan nh nc Quyt nh s 49/2010/Q-TTg k ngy 19/7/2010 ph duyt Danh mc cng ngh cao c u tin u t pht trin v Danh mc sn phm cng ngh cao c khuyn khch pht trin l mt trong nhng quyt nh quan trng i vi cc c quan nh nc trong vic thc y ng dng cng ngh in ton m my trong cc c quan qun l hnh chnh nh nc. Mt s hot ng hi tho din ra ti H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, thnh ph Nng, Hu nhm mc ch gii thiu, phn tch v trao i kin la chn trin khai m hnh cng in ton m my nh th no trn nn tng phn mm m ngun m tit kim c chi ph nhng p ng tt qun l hnh chnh nh nc, cc cng tc chuyn ngnh v cung cp dch v cng cho doanh nghip v ngi dn. Gn y, bn cnh vic cc cung cp m hnh v dch v in ton m my cho doanh nghip, cc nh cung cp ang n lc gii thiu gii php v dch v SaaS, PaaS v IaaS ca h n vi cc c quan qun l hnh chnh nh nc i vi cc nc ang pht trin. C th Vit Nam chng ta c th thy nh dch v EC2 ca Amazon, m my Azure ca Microsoft, IBM cung cp Smart Cloud Enterprise, Google cung cp App Engine, Redhat cung cp Redhat's Openshift, Vmware l Cloud Foundry, Vin Cng nghip Phn mm v Ni dung s Vit Nam l iDragon Clouds trong Google Cloud, Redhat's Openshift, Vmware Cloud Foundry v NISCI iDragon Clouds l nhng PaaS m ngun m cho php thc thi trn mt nn h tng vi chi ph thp v d dng thay th bng mt gi khc m khng b nh hng. Vic p dng cng ngh in ton m my i vi Chnh ph in t Vit Nam l iu tt yu. Tuy nhin, cng gn tng t nh nhng nm u ca vic thc hin trin khai phn mm ngun m, cc c quan qun l hnh chnh nh nc hin nay cng ang lng tng hoc t mnh xoay s vic la chn ng dng cng ngh in ton m my v thiu nhng iu sau y: Nghin cu, phn tch, nh gi cc m hnh in ton m my ngun ng v ngun m, xut chun m hnh kin trc v cng ngh in ton m my ph hp vi iu kin kinh t hin nay, l c s nn tng cho vic tip tc pht trin.

Chun d liu v kho d liu cho cc chuyn ngnh, chun qun l v trao i d liu trn m my m bo tnh ring t, an ton thng tin, n nh v ton vn ca d liu. L trnh v kinh ph cho vic chuyn i t m hnh mng hin ti sang m hnh in ton m my. n v t vn, o to v h tr cc c quan nh nc trong qu trnh chuyn i v s dng cng ngh in ton m my. III. XUT Phn mm ngun m hay phn mm c bn quyn u c th mnh ring ca n. Cng ngh in ton m my ca cc nh cung cp cng vy. Tuy nhin, nhng l do sau y nh hng n hoch nh mc tiu v nh hng chnh sch trong pht trin v ng dng phn mm ngun m v cng ngh in ton m my da trn m ngun m, ng lc pht trin mang li nhng gi tr ch thc cho nn cng ngh thng tin Vit Nam ni chung v chnh ph in t Vit Nam: Chun kin trc nn tng h tng cng ngh thng tin xy dng chnh ph in t theo m hnh cng ngh in ton m my s dng m ngun m v chun m, p ng vic truy cp mi lc mi ni. Chun d liu, x l, trao i d liu v chun kho d liu cho cc chuyn ngnh phc v cng tc qun l nh nc, cng nh cung cp dch v cng 2 chiu cho doanh nghip v ngi dn trn nn in ton m my. Bo m an ninh quc gia v phn mm ngun m v cng ngh m ngun m cho php kim tra m ngun v kim sot hot ng bn trong phn mm, cng nh d dng thc hin vic ng gi h iu hnh v cc ng dng thnh mt phn mm sn (firmware) chy trn my ch v my trm hon ton min nhim vi virus v d dng nng cp ng lot. Tit gim chi ph nhp khu phn mm v ph thuc vo nh cung cp s gip gim bt gnh nng v kinh t cho nh nc, y cng l c hi cho vic nghin cu pht trin, hp tc pht trin phn mm ngun m gia cc Vin, trng i hc v doanh nghip trong nc, gp phn ci thin tnh trng vi phm bn quyn, cng nh nng cao nhn thc tn trng quyn s hu tr tu. C hi pht trin phn mm ni a v bn a ha p ng ng v cc yu cu ca chnh sch nh nc, c im vn ha v nhu cu thc t ca quc gia. Mi tng lp trong x hi u c th s dng dch v bng ngn ng ting Vit trong tt c cc dch v cng ca Chnh ph in t.
Ci thin tnh trng vi phm bn quyn l hon ton c th. Nh vo chi

ph kh thp v iu kin s dng rng ri v quyn s hu tr tu, phn mm ngun m v cng ngh m ngun m l gii php hu hiu ci thin tnh trng vi phm bn quyn hin nay i vi cc nc ang pht trin trong c Vit Nam. Nhng l do v ng lc r nhng thc hin thnh cng v hiu qu ng dng phn mm ngun m v in ton m my m ngun m trong chnh ph in t, nh nc cn phi h tr m hnh hp tc cng - t (PPP) vi vai tr nh nc t hng, cc Vin, trng i hc v doanh nghip lin kt thc hin, ngi dn gim st, nh gi kt qu s dng. IV. KT LUN ng dng phn mm ngun m v in ton m my m ngun m trong Chnh ph in t l mt iu tt yu i vi cc nc ang pht trin. Nh nc cn phi giao ph cc n v chuyn mn nghin cu xy dng chun d liu, x l v trao i d liu chuyn ngnh da trn phn mm ngun m, cng ngh chun m, cng ngh in ton m my m ngun m lm nn tng cho s pht trin Chnh ph in t. Bn cnh , nh nc phi trc tip thc hin h tr m hnh hp tc cng - t (PPP) vi vai tr nh nc t hng, cc Vin, trng i hc v doanh nghip lin kt thc hin cc dch v cng theo cc chun nh nc ban hnh, ngi dn gim st, nh gi kt qu s dng hon thin hn Chinh ph in t. y l c hi rt tt c quan nh nc t trung ng v a phng i mi, lm vic c hiu lc, hiu qu v minh bch hn, cung cp thng tin, dch v tt hn cho ngi dn, doanh nghip v cc t chc hot ng tt, gp phn pht trin kinh t ca t nc; v to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi dn thc hin quyn dn ch v tham gia qun l Nh nc. Ti liu tham kho: [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source [2]http://ictnews.vn/home/CNTT/4/Ti-le-vi-pham-ban-quyen-phan-memgiam/102561/index.ict [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Government