General Equation Construction Formulas Group 1 Metals a) Reaction with Oxygen/Water ~ Group 1 metals : Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr : react with oxygen

to form metal oxide Ex: 4Li + O2 2Li2O ~ Group 1 metals : Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr : react with water to form alkaline hydroxide solution Ex: 2Li + 2H2O2LiOH + H2 ~ Metal oxide of group 1 elements dissolves in water to form alkaline hydroxide solution Ex: Li2O + H2O 2LiOH b) Reaction with Halogen ~ Group 1 metals : Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr : react with chlorine to form white solid metal chlorides. Ex: 2Li + Cl2 2LiCl

Group 17 Halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2,I2) a) React with water : forms acidic solutions and bleaching agent Ex: Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl (hypochlorous acid) b) React with Hydroxides Ex: Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite / sodium chlorate) + H2O c) React with Iron form Iron(III) Halides Ex: 3Cl2 +2Fe 2FeCl3 Chemical Properties of Acids a) Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen Ex: 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 b) Acid + Metal Oxide Salt + Water Ex: 2HCl + ZnO ZnCl2 + H2O c) Acid + Metal Hydroxide Salt + Water Ex: 2HCl + Zn(OH)2 ZnCl2 + 2H2O d) Acid + Metal Carbonates Salt + Water +carbon dioxide Ex: 2HCl + ZnCO3 ZnCl2 + CO2 + H2O e) Acid + Metal Nitrates double dissociation reaction Ex: 2HCl + Zn(NO3)2 ZnCl2 + 2HNO3 f) Acid + Metal thiosulphates salts + sulphur dioxide + sulphur+ water Ex: 2HCl + ZnS2O3 ZnCl2 + SO2 + S + H2O Heating Salts Types of Salt Carbonates Nitrates Sulphates Chlorides Upon heating Products former Metal Oxides + CO2 Metal Oxide +NO2 + O2 Metal Oxide + SO3 All stable to heat, except NH4CL Example MgCO3 MgO + CO2 2Zn(NO3)2 2ZnO + 4NO2+ O2 ZnSO4 ZnO + SO3 NH4CL NH3 + HCl