H THNG NH TUYN TC CAO

TS. L Nht Thng, ThS. V Th Thy H, KS. Hong Xun Phong, Hong c Ngc Hin nay cc h thng nh tuyn tc cao da trn cc giao thc IP (Internet Protocol) c a vo trong mng vin thng th h sau (NGN) thnh cc phn t c bn c mng li cng nh mng bin. Bi vit ny gii thiu ti bn c tng quan v cc h thng nh tuyn tc cao thng qua mt h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 ca Juniper hin ang c trin khai lp t v hot ng rng ri trn mng NGN ca Vit Nam. 1. Gii thiu nh tuyn l mt phn quan trng ca mng da trn nn IP v n c nh ngha nh l qu trnh tm kim mt ng truyn (mt tuyn) gi mt gi tin t ngun ti ch tng ng [1]. Vic nh tuyn lin quan vi vic tm kim ng truyn tt nht c th gia hai node bt k no, v vi gi tr lin kt l thp nht. Tt c cc ng truyn c bit cng ni ti mt h thng nh tuyn vi gi tr lin kt c lu trong mt bng, gi l bng nh tuyn. Trong trng hp cc mng nh th bng nh tuyn c cu hnh tnh bng vic nhp cc thng tin nh tuyn bng tay vo cc bng nh tuyn. Nhng khi cc mng ny pht trin th bng nh tuyn tr nn qu ln v khng linh hot. Vn ny c gii quyt bng vic s dng cc giao thc nh tuyn nhm a ra mt gii php phn b v ng tm kim ng truyn ti u [1]. Cc giao thc nh tuyn c thit k thch ng nhanh vi nhng thay i ca cu hnh mng nh l cc li ng lin kt hoc thay i chi ph tuyn truyn. Thng thng, mt mng rng c phn chia thnh cc min nh hn v c hiu nh l cc h thng t tr (Autonomous System - AS) [3]. Cc giao thc hot ng bn trong mt AS thuc v cc loi giao thc nh tuyn ni min GP (Interior Gateway Protocol), nh giao thc thng tin nh tuyn RIP (Routing Information Protocol) hoc giao thc OSPF (Open Shortest Path First). Cc giao thc lin min EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocols) c s dng gia cc h thng t tr, vi giao thc c bit n nhiu nht l giao thc BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) [1]. Cc khi chc nng chnh hnh thnh nn h thng nh tuyn tc cao c minh ha Hnh 1. Chng bao gm cc card ng dy nhm cung cp giao din cho cc lin kt d liu bn ngoi ti trng chuyn mch v iu khin x l mc vt l, mt b x l mng (Network Processor) thc hin cc giao thc nh tuyn v tnh ton xc nh cc bng nh tuyn, cc c cu chuyn tip (Forwarding Engine) kim tra cc tiu ca gi tin v xc nh xem card ng dy u ra no m gi tin cn chuyn ti v cui cng gn li tiu cho gi tin ra, v mt trng chuyn mch kt ni tt c cc khi chc nng thnh phn khc nhau ca h thng nh tuyn [5]. Trong thc t hot ng khai thc mng vin thng, ta c th gp nhiu h thng nh tuyn tc cao khc nhau nh h thng nh tuyn Multigigabit c s dng trng chuyn mch crossbar c 15 cng v mi cng hot ng vi tc 3,3 Gbps, h thng nh tuyn GigaNetStar cng s dng trng chuyn mch crossbar vi 16 cng, mi cng hot ng vi tc 1 Gbps, h thng nh tuyn ca Alcatel (7750 Service Router), Avici Systems (TSR, SSR v QSR), Cisco Systems (CRS-1, Series 12800 v 12400), Lucent Technologies (NX64000), Juniper Networks (T640, T320, M320, M160, ERX-1400) c bit l cc h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 ca Juniper v ang c trin khai hot ng trn nhiu
1

Bu in tnh, thnh ph trong mng NGN ca Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT).
B x l mng

Card ng dy Trng chuyn mch Card ng dy

C cu chuyn tip

C cu chuyn tip

Hnh 1: Cu trc h thng nh tuyn tc cao 2. H thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 H thng nh tuyn bin ERX thuc h E-Serial ca hng Juniper Network sn xut, ng vai tr quan trng trong mng NGN, c nhim v gii quyt vic tc nghn khi lu lng mng ln, hay x l mt phn lu lng cho cc h thng nh tuyn li. Chng ta c th thy r v tr ca cc h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 trong mng th h sau ca Vit Nam (Hnh 2).
HP Openview * NetM hiQ4000 hiQ9200

HANOI VOICE CENTER

HCMC VOICE CENTER

hiR200

NetM Boot/remote

hiR200 hiQ9200

M160 hiQ20/30
6xE1
Multilayer Switch ERX

M160
ERX Multilayer Sw itch

hiQ20/30

STM-16

6xE1

Mng VTN
3xE1 Eth
MG Hai Phong ERX

E1

E1

ERX

Eth
MG Vung Tau

3xE1

STM-16
2xE1 Eth
MG Quang Ninh ERX

STM-16
E1
ERX

E1

Eth
MG Can tho

2xE1

2xE1

Eth
MG Hue

ERX

E1

ERX M160

E1

ERX

Eth

3xE1
MG Dong nai

Eth. Eth
ERX

E1

3xE1

2xE1

E1
Multilayer Sw itch

MG Danang
* Management Terminal for XP and CRX

MG Khanh hoa

Hnh 2: S kt ni mng NGN giai on 1 ca VNPT Cc h thng nh tuyn bin h E-series c thit k ph hp cho nhiu nhu cu khc nhau ti bin mng, thc hin nht qun phn mm JUNOSe, cc c tnh v cng ngh ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), c kh nng lp trnh v trin khai linh hot cc dch v. Kin trc lp mang (carrier-class) cho php kt hp h thng nh tuyn h E-series vi server truy nhp t xa bng rng (BRAS) v kh nng truy nhp chuyn dng trn mt h thng n l, nn t hp. Hn na, do h tr cc c tnh cng ngh truy nhp cho IP, ATM, v Frame Relay, cc h thng nh tuyn h E-series cung cp nn tng nh tuyn vi tc v tin cy cao, linh hot cho vic trin khai cc dch v IP. Tnh linh hot y cng ng ngha vi vic h gi thnh khai thc bi kh nng trin khai nhanh cc dch v bin mi t

mt nn tng nh tuyn n v n cng cung cp kh nng m ra cc dch v mi trong tng lai. Cc h thng nh tuyn E-series cung cp nhiu loi cng giao tip khc nhau vi hiu sut v kh nng cung cp cc dch v IP linh hot thch ng c vi nhng yu cu ph hp ca cc nh cung cp dch v. 2.1 Cc h h thng nh tuyn bin ERX Cc h h thng nh tuyn bin ERX u nh gn, nh tuyn hiu sut cao. ERX-310: H thng da trn mc tiu phn b mi trng, c 3 khe cm: trng chuyn mch, b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch (SRP) v 2 khe c thit k chuyn dng cho cc module ng dy, h tr tc ln ti OC-12/STM-4 v tc Gigabit Ethernet. ERX-705 v ERX-710: H thng da trn mc tiu phn b mi trng ni c khng gian va phi, c 7 khe cm: trng chuyn mch vi tc 5Gbps hoc 10Gbps, b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch (SRP) v 5 khe c thit k chuyn dng cho cc module ng dy. ERX-705 v ERX-710 h tr tc ln ti OC-12/STM-4 v tc Gigabit Ethernet. ERX-1410: H thng nh tuyn nh gn da trn mc tiu phn b mi trng ni c khng gian va phi, c 14 khe cm: trng chuyn mch tc 10Gbps, b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch (SRP) vi SRP d phng v 12 khe c thit k chuyn dng cho cc module ng dy. ERX-1410 h tr tc ln ti OC-12/STM-4 v tc Gigabit Ethernet. ERX-1440: H thng da trn mc tiu phn b mi trng ni c khng gian va phi, c 14 khe cm: trng chuyn mch tc 40Gbps, b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch (SRP) vi SRP d phng v 12 khe c thit k chuyn dng cho cc module ng dy. ERX-1440 dng cc module ng dy c s ASIC v cc cng vo/ra ging nh vi cc h E-series khc v h tr tc ln ti OC-48/STM-16 v tc Gigabit Ethernet. 2.2 Cu trc chc nng h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 Khi nim h ERX-1400 cp n c h thng ERX-1440 v h thng ERX-1410. H thng ERX-1440 qun l khi lu lng mng cc k ln v s dng b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch vi tc ln n 40 Gbps (SRP 40G). H thng ERX-1410 qun l lu lng mng mc cao v s dng b x l nh tuyn chuyn mch vi tc 10 Gbps (SRP-10G). Nhn b ngoi, khung gi ca h thng ERX-1440 cng ging nh h thng ERX-1410. C hai h thng u c 14 khe cm cha cc module v c cng yu cu v ngun cung cp. Quy trnh lp t v vn hnh ca hai h thng cng ging nhau. Tt c cc h thng ERX u s dng cng loi module SRP vo/ra. Tuy nhin, cu trc khung bn trong ca h thng ERX-1440 khc vi h thng ERX-1410 l c mt mt gia c bit cho module SRP 40Gbps. Cu trc h thng ERX-1400 gm 3 thnh phn chnh: - Mt trng chuyn mch hot ng cc tc 10 hoc 40 GBbps. - Cc card ng dy. - B x l nh tuyn hiu sut cao cho vic duy tr bng nh tuyn v cu hnh h thng. H thng ERX ny s dng mt cu trc a x l phn b cao, phn tn chc nng x l ti mi cng trong h thng y nhanh vic quyt nh v cn bng s pht trin ca h thng. Ngoi ra, n cn h tr cc c im nh tuyn ca th h tip theo, cc dch v c s phn bit, cc b lc gi, qun l b m, xp hng v lp lch.

Trn thc t, h thng ERX c xy dng di dng module (Hnh 3) bao gm cc module ng dy (Line Module), cc module vo/ra (I/O Module), module x l nh tuyn chuyn mch (SRP Module), v module SRP vo/ra (I/O SRP Module). C hai h thng ERX-700 v ERX-1400 s dng cng module ng dy v module vo/ra. Do vy, cc nh cung cp dch v c th gim bt c cc module thay th v d dng nng cp h thng t h thng ERX700 ln thnh h thng ERX-1400. Thng thng, cc module ng dy, module SRP c lp t pha trc ca h thng, nhng module ny c u ni vi cc module vo/ra tng ng thng qua mt mt gia [6].

Hnh 3: Cu trc dng module ca h thng ERX-1400 Module x l nh tuyn chuyn mch SRP): thc hin cc chc nng qun l h thng, tnh ton xc nh cc bng nh tuyn v chuyn tip, bo dng, x l s liu thng k Module SRP l mt t hp gm hai bng mch chuyn mch v x l h thng. M hnh ERX-14xx v ERX-7xx s dng hai module SRP hot ng d phng theo ch Active/Standby. m hnh E-3xx ch s dng mt module SRP. Cc module t 5 n 40Gbps c th s dng trong cc model E-14xx v E-7xx. Ch mt module SRP 10Gbps c dng cho m hnh E-3xx. Do kch thc vt l v kh nng ca cc bng chuyn mch khc nhau nn cc module SRP khng th trao i gia cc h thng c. Module SRP vo/ra Mt module vo/ra tng ng ca module SRP c gi l module SRP vo/ra kt ni vi nhng module SRP thng qua mt gia ca h thng. Cng mt SRP vo/ra lm vic vi tt c cc module SRP. Cc module vo/ra s dng trong cc h thng ERX-7xx v ERX-14xx khng th dng c trong h thng nh tuyn ERX-310 v ngc li. Module SRP vo/ra ny chim hai khe v cung cp cc giao din qun l chun nh: - 10/100Base-T - cng cho php truy nhp h thng ERX cho cc chc nng qun l Ethernet qua giao tip lnh hay SNMP. - RS-232 - cng cung cp mt kt ni ni tip cho vic theo di cu hnh h thng qua PC hoc thit b u cui ASCII. - Giao tip cnh bo cung cp cc ch th lin quan n cc loi cnh bo ca h thng ERX. - Cc cng nh thi ng b vi mng ngoi m bo cc xung nhp ng h s dng bi h thng ERX ng b vi ng h h thng ca ton mng.

Cc module ng dy: x l d liu t cc kiu kt ni mng khc nhau. Ngoi ra cn c th thm thng tin v nhng module ng dy v nhng module SRP no h tr cho tng loi module ng dy c th. Hu ht cc module ng dy c h tr vic phn loi gi tin trn li vo, mt vi module ng dy khng phi ASIC th khng lm c iu ny. C ch phn loi gi tin trn module ng dy cn c vo cc trng ring bit (a ch IP ngun v ch, cng ngun, cng ch v giao thc), giao din IP li vo, cc trng thng tin lp 2 Module vo/ra Hu ht cc module ng dy u c mt module vo/ra tng ng, cung cp s kt ni vt l vi mng, cc module vo/ra c t pha sau h thng, ngay sau module ng dy tng ng ca n. Module ng dy iu khin qu trnh x l gi v chuyn tip gi. Mt bng chuyn mch thc hin chuyn mch gi ni b vi tc cao. B x l nh tuyn tp trung thng tin nh tuyn, gi bng nh tuyn v cp nht ti cc module ng dy [7]. 3. Mt s m hnh ng dng ERX-1400 trn mng Vin thng H thng ERX-1400 c th h tr mt s ng dng nh: Kt hp ng dy ring; Kt cui phin xDSL; Cc mng ring o Sau y l c th mt s cc ng dng ca h thng ERX [8]. 3.1 Kt hp ng dy ring Mt ng dng chnh i vi b nh tuyn bin ERX l kt hp ng dy ring (Private Line Aggregation), l hp nht nhiu ng truy cp tc cao thnh mt im truy cp.

Hnh 4: Kt hp ng dy ring Trong ng dng ny (Hnh 4), nh cung cp dch v c th s dng h thng ERX n cung cp dch v truy cp tc cao (fT1/fE1 qua T3/E3) ti hng ngn thu bao n l. Cc ng truyn thu bao n c th c nh cung cp Telco kt hp cht ch vo cc ng truyn T3 v dn vo h thng ERX. (H thng ny cng c th chp nhn cc kt ni khng c chun ho T3 hoc E3 t nhng ngi s dng (NSD) tc cao v chuyn cc kt ni E1 trc tip vo n v ny). Sau khi lu lng c xc nhn, h thng ny s gii quyt tt c vic x l gi tin IP, bao gm c vic ch nh cc chnh sch v nh tuyn v QoS. Sau nhng ti tin ny s c chuyn vo mng ng trc.

Tuy nhin, cng cn lu rng bt k cng no trong h thng ERX cng c th c s dng uplink hoc truy cp. iu ny c ngha rng c cng PPP v Frame Relay (FR) u c th c s dng nh cc cng uplink. Cu hnh ny c th phc v nhng thu bao c hai im c kt ni vi cng mt h thng ERX qua cc ng lin kt Frame Relay hoc PPP, hoc c th cung cp mt uplink cho mt dch v Frame Relay. Bng vic s dng h thng ERX cho ng dng kt hp ng dy ring, mt nh cung cp dch v c th khc phc c rt nhiu mt hn ch ca cc sn phm c trc y, nh nhng rng buc v mt , nhng hn ch v vic thc thi v vic thiu tnh tin cy ca ng truyn. Ngoi ra, bng vic s dng h thng ny, nh cung cp dch v cn c kh nng cung cp rt nhiu dch v IP mi cho nhiu thu bao. 3.2 Kt cui phin xDSL H thng ERX h tr cho cc ng dng ca server truy nhp t xa bng rng (BRAS), nh c trnh by trong Hnh 5. Trong ng dng ny, h thng ERX s tch hp cc lung lu lng d liu t cc DSLAM. Cc DSLAM c kt ni trc tip vi cc h thng thu bao, x l vic kt cui cp ng, tp hp lu lng vo mt ng uplink tc cao hn. Xut pht t cc DSLAM, cc lung lu lng s liu c chuyn vo h thng ERX qua ng DS3 hoc OC3.

Hnh 5: Kt cui phin xDSL H thng ERX s x l mt vi chc nng: - Kim tra vic xc thc v kt thc phin PPP thng qua PAP hoc CHAP. - Phi hp vi cc my ch DHCP v cc nhm IP cc b gn a ch IP. - Kt ni vi cc my ch RADIUS hoc s dng tn min nhm gn kt ch thu bao vi thng tin v NSD. - H tr RADIUS nhm thu thp thng tin chi tit v ho n thanh ton. - ng dng v h s NSD v lung lu lng NSD, c th bao gm cc thng tin v nh tuyn, QoS v VPN. u ra ca h thng ERX l ng truyn tc cao, nh OC3/STM1 hoc OC12/STM4 nhm h tr cho cc h thng nh tuyn li. Cc h thng nh tuyn o cng c th c dng tch bit cc lu lng v gi cc gi tin ti cc ch khc nhau. Nh m t trong Hnh 5, cc gi tin ny c th c ch nh ti mt CLEC, ISP, VPN hoc Internet. C rt nhiu giao thc xDSL c h tr, gm c: IP/PPP/ATM, IP/PPP/Ethernet/ATM, IP/PPP/FR, IP/PPP/Ethernet/FR.

Vic h tr nhng giao thc ny cho php cc nh cung cp dch v thit lp mt h thng nh tuyn l im trung tm m c th kt cui cc tn hiu t rt nhiu thit b CPE xDSL. Bng vic s dng h thng ERX cho BRAS, nh cung cp dch v c th khc phc c nhiu hn ch so vi cc sn phm c, cng nh cung cp mt lot cc dch v mi cho cc thu bao. 3.3 Mng ring o (VPN) VPN l cc mng IP ring bit, c nh v ring v mt logic v c cung cp thng qua mt c s h tng IP c chia s. H thng ERX cho php cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp VPN cho cc nh khai thc vin thng, cc n v kinh doanh v cc i tc kinh doanh. Nh Hnh 6, nhiu nh thu bao ang bc vo mng cung cp dch v ny thng qua rt nhiu phng php truy nhp v vi nhiu ch n. H thng ERX c kh nng x l tt c cc giao thc v cc tc ng truyn khc nhau. i vi nhng NSD xDSL, mt DSLAM u tin s kt cui cp ng trc khi chuyn lu lng vo h thng ERX. i vi NSD quay s, mt h thng server truy nhp t xa (RAS) trc tin s tr li cuc gi modem trc khi chuyn lung d liu vo h thng ERX.

Hnh 6: Phn pht cc mng ring o qua mt c s h tng IP chia s Cc nh thu bao ng nhp vo mng ny thng qua cc ng truyn c cho thu s c kt hp vo cc ng truyn T3, v sau thm nhp vo h thng ERX (hoc c kt ni trc tip vo h thng ERX trong cc trng hp ca T3, E3 v E1.) Mt khi gi tin thm nhp v h thng ERX, bt k s kt hp cc b lc phn loi u c th c s dng nhn din thu bao v ch n. C 3 cch m h thng ERX c th chuyn lu lng ti cc ch khc nhau: - H tr lp 2 ca cc mch o dnh cho Frame Relay hoc ATM. Mi lung lu lng thu bao vo c th c sp xp thnh mt FR/ ATM VC an ton nhm chuyn ti a ch ch. - H tr cc b nh tuyn o vi cc bng nh tuyn an ton v cc qu trnh chuyn IP. Cc b nh tuyn o ny s duy tr cc bng nh tuyn ring bit i vi mi s kin nh tuyn. iu ny gip duy tr lu lng c phn on hon ton gia cc nhm thu bao vi cc ch n khc nhau. - Gn thm cc nhn MPLS chuyn cc gi tin qua cc ng VPN c ch nh m nh cung cp dch v nh cu hnh.

Ngoi cc dch v nu trn, h thng ERX cn h tr nhiu cc dch v khc nh truy nhp Ethernet, qun l thu bao, MPLS cho iu khin lu lng v VPN, truyn ti VoIPnhm em li li ch cho nhng nh vn hnh, khai thc mng li vin thng. 4. Kt lun Vic xy dng v pht trin mng NGN cng vi cc dch v vin thng gi tr gia tng l xu hng pht trin tt yu ca ngnh vin thng th gii v Vit Nam cng khng nm ngoi xu hng . Trong mng NGN, cc h thng nh tuyn bin tc cao c xem nh l cc thnh phn c bn v quan trng. Qua thc t trin khai v vn hnh khai thc, h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 th hin c s hot ng tin cy, tc v tnh sn sng cao. Cho nn h thng ERX-1400 c xem nh l s la chn cho mng NGN ca Vit Nam. Trong thi gian ti y, s c nghin cu tm hiu v h thng nh tuyn bin ERX-1400 thng qua cc th tc cu hnh cc giao thc nh tuyn, xy dng bi ging in t v m phng gi lp cho h thng ny. Ti liu tham kho [1] Bsavaraj Patil et. all, IP in Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall, 2003. [2] Uyless Black, IP Routing Protocols. Prentice Hall, 2000. [3] IETF, Open Shortest Path First Protocol, RFC 1583. [4] H. Jonathan Chao, Next Generation Routers, in Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 9, September 2002. [5] P. Newman, G. Minshall, T. Lyon and L. Huston, IP Switching and Gigabit Routers, IEEE Communications Magazine, January 1997. [6] Juniper Networks doccuments ERX Configuration Guide, Juniper Network Inc., www.juniper.net. [7] Juniper Networks doccuments System Basics Configuration Guide , Juniper Network Inc., www.juniper.net. [8] Juniper Networks doccuments ERX product Overview, Juniper Network Inc., www.juniper.net.