-1

..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
....S. ..G.S..S -.....S..S ....S ..T.......S
.ta. d....ta. .. p..a..t.te. ( PB ) .a. ..te.ta. ...st. .a. e....st. t.. t.. p..a.
.t.t..
P A ), (
( .
B), ( n
B PA B) .....e ta e...:
PA PA ),
(
.p........e t.. a.... PA ( (
) +
P B )
.a. d.a......e pe..pt.se..:
PA ( ) +
P B )
( =
1

......
.Min,Max ( )P A Bn
.p.t..s..s.: ( ) 1P A B.=,....e:
( ) ( ) ( ) 1P A P B P A B+-n=
( ) ( ) 1 ( )P A P B P A B+-=n.
..a.e.a..st.t..t..( )P A Bn,e..a.:
( ) ( ) 1P A P B +-.
G.at..e..st.t..t..( )P A Bne..a.min{}( ), ( )P A P B ..e....{( ) ( ) 1 ( ) min ( )
, ( )} P A P B P A B P A P B +-=n=
.Min,Max ( )P A B.
.p. t.. s..s.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )P A B P A P B P A B.=+-n
ed......t.( ) ( )P A P B +aet...t., ap.t..e..st..a.t..e....st.t..t..t....ap.....e.t...t
..e..,de.te:
min ( ) ( ) ( ) max ( )P A B P A P B P A B.=+-n
max ( ) ( ) ( ) min ( )P A B P A P B P A B.=+-n
.Min,Max ( )P A B.p. t.. s..s.
( ) ( ) ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n
ed......t.()P A aet...t., ap.t.....st..a.t..e....st.t..t..t....ap.....e.t...t..e..,de.
:
min ( ) ( ) max ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n
max ( ) ( ) min ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n

.a..de..a :...eta. ( ) 0.6 , ( ) 0.7 P A P B ==.a.

..te.ta. e..st. .a. e.a..st. t.. t..
p..a..t.t.. ( ), ( ), ( )P A B P A B P A B.n..s.
.p........e t.. a....
( ) ( ) 0.6 0.7 1.3 1P A P B +=+==,
.Min,Max ( )P A Bn
.p.t..s..s.: ( ) 1P A B.=,....e:
( ) ( ) ( ) 1P A P B P A B+-n=
1.3 ( ) 1P A B-n=
.Min,Max ( )P A Bn
.p.t..s..s.( ) 0P A Bn=,s.pe.a....e.e.a..st.t..t..e..a.min ( ) 0P A Bn=.
G.at..e..st.t..t..( )P A Bne..a.min{}( ), ( )P A P B ..e....{0 ( ) min ( ), ( )} P
A B P A P B =n=
.s.af...t..aMin,Max ( )P A B., Min,Max ( )P A Ba........e ta .d.a .ata e t.. p..t.
pe..pt.s..
.a..de..a :...eta. ( ) 0.3, ( ) 0.4 P A P B ==.a.
..te.ta. e..st. .a. e.a..st. t.. t..
p..a..t.t.. ( ), ( ), ( )P A B P A B P A B.n..s.
.p........e t.. a....
( ) ( ) 0.3 0.4 0.7 1P A P B +=+=<,
.Min,Max ( )P A Bn
.p.t..s..s.: .p.t..s..s.:
( ) 0P A Bn=,s.pe.a....e.e.a..st.t..t..e..a.min ( ) 0P A Bn=. G.at..e..st.t..t..( )P
A Bne..a.min{}( ), ( )P A P B .min{0.3,0.4}=0.6. .e....:
0 ( ) 0.3 P A B=n=
.Min,Max ( )P A B.
.p. t.. s..s.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )P A B P A P B P A B.=+-n
( ) 0.7 ( )P A B P A B.=-n
ap.t.....st..a.t..e....st.t..t..t....ap.....e.t...t..e..:
min ( ) 0.7 max ( )
0.7 0.3 0.4
P A B P A B.=-n
=-=
max ( ) 0.7 min ( )
0.7 0 0.7
P A B P A B.=-n
=-=
.e....:
0.4 ( ) 0.7 P A B=.=
1 2

-2
..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
1.3 1 =
PA n
B) .
0.3 =
(
( PA n
B)
..a
.
e.a..st.
t..
t..
P( A n
B),e..a.:
Min P A( n
B) =0.3. G.a
t..
e..st.
t..
t..
P A( n
B) e..a.
min{
( PB )
P A ), ( }
.
min{0.6,0.7}=0.6. .e....:
0.3 =
( n
B) =
0.6
PA
.Min,Max P A( .
B)
.p. t.. s..s.
( .
B) =
P A ) +
P B ) PA n
B)

PA (((
P( A .
B) =
1.3 P( A n
B)
ap.
t..
...st.
.a.
t..
e....st.
t..
t..
t...
.a
p.....e.
t.
..t..e..:
min P A( .
B) =
1.3 max (
PA n
B)
=
1.3 0.6 =
0.7
max P( A .
B) =
1.3 min P( A n
B)
=
1.3 0.3 =
1
.e....
:
0.7 =
( .
B) =
1
PA
.Min,Max P A( B)
.p. t.. s..s.
( B) =
P A ) PA n
B)

PA ((
( B) =
0.6 ( n
B
PA PA )
.p.
t..
...st.
.a.
t..
e....st.
t..
t..
t...
.a
p.....e.
t.
..t..e..
,de.te:
min P( A B) =
P( A) max P A n
B)
(
min P A( B) =
0.6 max (
PA n
B) =
=
0.6 0.6 =
0
max ( B) =
P( A) min P A n
B)
PA (
max P A( B) =
0.6 min (
PA n
B) =

=
0.6 0.3 =
0.3
.e....
:
0 =
( B) =
0.3
PA
.Min,Max ( )P A B.p. t.. s..s.
( ) ( ) ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n
( ) 0.3 ( )P A B P A B-=-n
.p.t.....st..a.t..e....st.t..t..t....ap.....e.t...t..e..,de.te:
min ( ) ( ) max ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n
min ( ) 0.3 max ( )
0.3 0.3 0
P A B P A B-=-n=
=-=
max ( ) ( ) min ( )P A B P A P A B-=-n
max ( ) 0.6 min ( )
0.3 0 0.3
P A B P A B-=-n=
=-=
.e....:
0 ( ) 0.3P A B=-=
1 2
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. :
:: .
.
...
...
..G
GG.
..S
SS .
..T
TT.
...
...
..S
SS.
...
..S
SS

-3
..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
.......G..
2
1) Se .a s...... t... t.. e.e..e.. ..... t..., ta t.. a..t.. as......ta. e t..
3
1
a...t.s. e.. t. t.. a..t.. as...e.ta. e t. ..... .. ep......e t..a.a ..a a..t.
4
.a .e.e. . e..st. .a. . e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta..
i) .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. .a. t.. .....
ii) .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. . t. .....
iii) .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. a... ... e t. .....
iv) .a as...e.ta. ... e t.. a...t.s. . ..o e t. .....
v) .a .. as...e.ta. ..te e t.. a...t.s. ..te e t. .....
..s.
.st. t. e.de..e.a .={. a..t.. as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s.}
.={. a..t.. as...e.ta. e t.. ....}
21
.p.. P( .
) =
,P( .
) =
34
i) .. e.de..e.. . a..t.. .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. .a. e t. .... e..a. : .n.
..a a.a..t..e e..st. -e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta. P( .n.
).S.f..a e t.. e..d.....a
21 11
p.. a.af..ae pa.ap... , .p........e t. .....sa P( .
) +
P( .
) =+=
<
1.
34 12

.Min,Max P A( n
B)
.p. t.. s..s.: .p. t.. s..s.:
P A( n
B) =
0 ,s.pe.a....e . e.a..st. t.. t.. e..a.
21 1
min ( n
B) =
0
n
B) ),P B ) }
,.
PA . G.a t.. e..st. t.. t.. PA e..a. min{
P A( . min{ }=
(
(
34 4
.e.... :
1
0 =
P A( n
B) =
4
ii) .. e.de..e.. . a..t.. .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. . e t. .... e..a. : ...
..a a.a..t..e e..st.-e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta. P( ...
).
.Min,Max P A( .
B)
.p. t.. s..s.
( .
B) =
P A ) +
P B ) PA n
B)
PA (((
11
P( A .
B) =P( A n
B)
12
ap. t.. ...st. .a. t.. e....st. t.. t.. t... .a p.....e. t. ..t..e..:

11
min ( .
B) =max P A n
B)
PA
(
12
11 1 2
=
-=
12 4 3
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. :
:: .
.
...
...
..G
GG.
..S
SS .
..T
TT.
...
...
..S
SS.
...
..S
SS

-4
..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
11
max ( .
B) =min P A n
B)
PA (
12
11 11
=0 =
12 12
.e.... :
2 11
( .
B) =
=
PA
3 12
iii) .a as...e.ta. e t.. a...t.s. a... ... e t. .... e..a.: A B
..a a.a..t..e e..st. e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta. P( .-.
) .
.Min,Max P A( B)
.p. t.. s..s.
( B) =
P A ) PA n
B)
PA ((
2
( -

B) =PAn
B)
PA (
3
.p. t.. ...st. .a. t.. e....st. t.. t.. t... .a p.....e. t. ..t..e.. ,de.te:
min P( A B) =
P( A) max P A n
B)
(
2
min ( B) =max P A n
B) =
PA (
3
21 5
=-=
34 12
max ( B) =
P( A) min P A n
B)
PA (
2
max ( B) =min P A n
B) =
PA (
3
22
=0 =

33
.e.... :
52
( B) =
=
PA
12 3
iv).a as...e.ta. ... e t.. a...t.s. . ... e t. .... t. e.de..e.. e..a.: (A B) .
(B A)
..a a.a..t..e e..st. -e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta. P(( A B).(B A )).
G.......e ap. t.. p..s.et... ... .t. :
P(( A B).(B A )) =
PA B) +
PB A) =
P A ) PA n
B) +
P B ) PA n
B)
(((( (( =
() +
P B ) 2( n
B
PA ( PA )
.p.te :
11
P(( A B).(B A )) =
P A ) +
P B ) 2( n
B) . PA B).(B A )) =-

2P A n
B
((PA (( ().
12
11 11 11
max (( A B).(B A )) =2min P A n
B) . max P A B).(B A )) =20 =
P (((
12 12 12
11 11 15
min (( A B).(B A )) =2max P A n
B) . min P(( A B).(B A )) =2 =
P(
12 12 412
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. :
:: .
.
...
...
..G
GG.
..S
SS .
..T
TT.
...
...
..S

SS.
...
..S
SS

-5
..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
.e.... :
5
11
=
P(( A B) .
(B A )) =
12 12
v ).a .. as...e.ta. ..te e t.. a...t.s. ..te e t. .... t. e.de..e.. e..a. : (A .
B )'
..a a.a..t..e e..st. e.a..st. t.. t.. p..a..t.ta. P(( A .
B )') .
G.......e .t. :
P(( A .
B )') =
1 (
PA .
B) ..a
21
max (( A .
B )') =
1 min ( .
B) =
1
P
PA -=
33
11 1
min (( A .
B )') =
1 max ( .

B) =
1
P
PA -=
12 12
.e.... :
1
1
=
P(( A .
B )') =
12
3
.d.a.te..
.ta.
t.
3.
..a
t..
epa.a..pt....
e.et.se..
t.
2007
T.a
(epa.a..pt....
e.et.se..
.......
2007)
.st.
.
de..at....
.....
=
{ 1,2,3,4,5 } .Te....e ta e.de..e.a .,. t.. O ta .p..a
......ta. .. e... :
A =
{x .O
/0 =
ln( x 1) <
ln 3 }
B =
{x .O
/ ( x2 5x )( x 1) =-6( x 1 )}

.. .a
.e....
..
p..a..t.te.
P A( B) .a. PB .
A')
( .
1
.... P A(
, .a .p.....ste. . p..a..t.ta P B' .
) =
( .
A')
4
1
1
G... PA( ) =
.a. P( .-.
) =
, .a .e.e. . ....te.. .a. . e.a..te.. t.. t..
48
p..a..t.ta. P( .
) , .p.. . e..a. e.de..e.. t.. O t.t... .ste ...
=.
..s.
...p. t.. p..t. s..s. :
0 =
ln( x 1) <
ln 3 .
ln1 =
ln( x 1) <
ln 3 , . s....t.s. g( x ) =
ln x e..a. ...s... a....sa a.a :
1
x
1
3
2
x
4

=
<
.
=
<
, ..a A ={2,3 } .

.p.
t..

de.te..
s..s.
22
2
(x 5x )( x 1) =-6( x 1) .
(x 5x )( x 1) +
6( x 1) =
0 .
(x 5x +
6 )( x 1) =
0
.
x2 5x +
6 =
0 .
x 1 =
0 .
x =
1 .
x =
3 .
x =
2
..a
B ={1,2,3 } .
=
.p.te (0 .
-A .
B .
A B PA B) =
-A ={2,3 } ..a A' =
1,4,5 } .a. ={1,2,3 } .p.te B .
A' ={1,2,3,4,5 } =O
..a PB ') =
P) =
.
{
B
( .
A( O
1

A' ' ..a 'A (B') ') ( =

1 -=
.
.. ...a. ={1,4,5 } , B ={4,5} A'.
B =
' .p.te P A'.=
P A( =
1 PA )
13
44
G. ...a. A .
X =
B .p.te ..a ta d..at. s....a . e..a.:
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. :
:: .
.
...
...
..G
GG.
..S
SS .
..T
TT.
...
...
..S
SS.
...
..S
SS

-6
..T.......S
..T.......
G.....S
G
.......
X =
{1} =
X1
X =
{ 1,2 } =
X1
2 ....e: X ,X .
X, B ..a min P X ) =
PX ) =
P =
( .
X .
X .
( ( (1) PB A) =
12131 1
8
X =
{ 1,3 } =
X3
X =
{ 1,2,3 } =
B
BX .
,
....e a..a: X .
, BX .
B ..a :
123
max PX( ) ( .
=
P B )
.... ap. t. e..t.a (.)
( B) =
0 .
() -

( n
B) =
0
PA PA PA
11
PA PA )
.( n
B) =
0 .
( n
B =
44
....e:
1 1 113
( A) =
P B ) PB n
A) .=
P B ) .=
P B ) .
PB (( (( =+=
8 4 848
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. :
:: .
.
...
...
..G
GG.
..S
SS .
..T
TT.
...
...
..S
SS.
...

..S
SS