HIEU NG IEN T 1. Viet cong thc gii han a. b.

CH2 CH CH2 Cl

Khong co cong thc gii han

+

CH 3 C CH CH Cl O
+

CH 3 C CH CH Cl O
+

CH3 C CH CH Cl O

CH3 C CH CH Cl O
+

c.

CH3 CH CH CH CH CH3

CH3 CH CH CH CH CH3
+

CH3 CH CH CH CH CH3
1

d.
+

C N

C N
+

e.
CH3 C O C CH3 O

Khong co CT gii han

f.

O O

NH2

O O

NH2

O O

NH2

O O

NH2

g.
H C H
CH3
+

CH3

CH3

h.
+

C CH3 O

C CH3 O

C CH3 O

C CH3 O

i.

CH2 OH

Ch co CTGH trong nhan benzen

2. Viet cong thc cong hng: a.

+

H 3C

C Cl O

H 3C

C Cl O

b.

CH 2 C

CH2

CH 2 C CH 2 CH3
+

CH3

c.

H2N C

H2N

C N

d.
e.

H2 C

H2 C

N
+

H3 C

O CH

CH2

H3 C O

CH CH2
6

f.
N H

N H

N H

g.

CH C CH3

CH

C CH3

h.

H3C O

CH2

H3C O

CH2

3. Da vao h I va C so sanh o ben cac ion sau a.

+
+

CH 3 CH 3 C +

CH 3 CH 2

CH 3 CH CH 3

(III)

(II)

(I)

CH 3

b.

CH 3 CH 2

(III)
+

CH 3

O CH 2
+

CH 3 O
+

CH 2

(II) (I)
8

CH 3 NH CH 2

CH 3 NH CH 2

4. So sanh va giai thch o ben tng oi

CH 2 CH CH 2

CH 2 CH CH 2

CH3 CH2 CH2

CH 2 CH CH 2

+ CH 2 CH CH 2

CH3 CH2 CH2

CH 2 CH CH 2

CH 2 CH CH 2

CH3 CH2

. CH2

5. Sap xep o manh tang dan tnh acid

+
+

OH

OH

OH

OH

O H

OH

Y: Rut ien t: tang tnh acid

Y

ay ien t: giam tnh acid

10

5.
a.

( 3)
OH

( 5)
OH

(1)
OH

(2)
OH

(4)
OH

OM e

N O O

C O CH 3

CH 3

+C, -I

-C, -I

-C, -I

+I, H

11

O R C O H

O
R C

O O H
+

R C O H
O R C O
+

b.

CH 3 CH 2 COOH Cl CH 2 COOH

(5)

c.

H COOH CH 3 COOH (CH 3)2CH COOH C 6H 5COOH

(1)

(1)
(3) (4) (2)

(3)
(4)

Cl CH 2 CH 2 COOH I CH 2 CH 2 COOH I CH 2 COOH

(2)

Acid thm co tnh acid mnh hn acid beo tr acid formic

12

6. So sanh va giai thch tnh base: g/thch: N con oi ien t t do cac chat sau co kha nang nhan 1H+

a.

CH 2NH 2

Co tnh base manh hn

H 3C

NH 2

oi ien t tren N i vao lien hp vi nhan thm

b.
CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 NH 3

NH 2

NH 2

+I -C, -I

N O O
13

7.1. So sanh , giai thch tnh acid:

- Cac h/c co H linh ong: do H noi vi O co o am ien manh

- RCOOH va ArOH base lien hp ben do h +C. - Vi RCOOH co them h I cua O th hai trong nhom COOH

a.
FCH 2 COOH BrCH 2 COOH CH 3COOH OH OH

b.

COOH

COOH

COOH

COOH

NO2 NO2
OH OH

CH 3 CH 3
OH OH

c.
NO2 C N Br
14

7.2. So sanh, giai thch tnh base:

(CH3)3N NH3 (CF3)3N

CCl3 (CH2)2 NH2

CCl3 CH2 NH2

CH3 C N

C6H5 CH2 NH2

p-C6H5 NH2

15

8. Sap xep tnh acid tang dan:

(C2H 5)2NH CH 3COCH 3 C 2H 5OH CH 3COCH 2COCH 3 CH 3CH 2COOH CCl3COOH

Die tylamin Ace ton Etanol Ace toace ton Acid propionic Acid triclroace tic

16

9. Giai thch alcol p-nitrobenzylic co tnh acid hn alcol benzylic

O2N

CH 2OH

CH 2OH

NO2 rut e lam cho oi e dung chung gia O va N cang lech ve pha oxy
H+ de tach ra tnh acid cua p-C6H4-CH2OH manh hn

17

10. Sap xep theo tnh acid tang dan

a.

HO

CH3

HO

HO

CF3

b.

CH2 OH

HO

HO

COOH

c.

NO2 HO Br HO NO2 HO

NO2 NO2 NO2

18

11. Sap xep theo tnh acid tang dan a.

C6H5CH2OH C6H5OH C6H5COOH C6H5SO3H

b.

H2O

C6H5OH

H2CO3

H2SO4

c.

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH3

Br
OH Cl Cl OH Cl

NO2

d.

OH

Cl

Cl

Cl
19

12. a.
CH3 CH2 OH + HC C Na
+

CH3 CH2 ONa

HC

CH

b.

i.
ii.

NaOH NaOH

+ +

CH3CH2COOH C6H5SO3H

CH3CH2COONa C6H5SO3Na +

+ H2 O

H2 O

iii.

CH3CH2ONa

HC CH

khong xay ra p v base etoxi + u manh e lay H ra khoi ac

H3C CH3 + HC C Li

iv. v.

CH3CH2Li

HC

CH

CH3CH2Li

CH3 CH2 OH

H3C CH3

CH3CH2OLi
20

13.
CH 3 CH 3 C OH CH 3 tert-butanol
+ Cl
+

t C4H 9 OH 2

CH 3
H2O

CH 3 C + CH 3

Carbocation bc III
t C 4H 9 Cl

n-butanol
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
H2O
+
+

n C4H 9 OH 2

n CH 3 (CH 2)2 CH 2

+ Cl

Carbocation bc I

21

14. Giai thch ion acetat ben hn ion etylat(etoxid)

O CH 3 C O
CH 3 C O O

CH3 CH2

15.Acid lien hp cua base.

Base
C6H5 NH2 CH 3OH (CH3)2NH

Acid
+

Base
(CH3)2N
+

Acid
(CH3)2NH
+

C6H5 NH3 CH 3OH 2

+

H2O
CH3O CH3COO

H3O
CH3OH CH3COOH
22

(CH3)2NH2
+

(C2H5)2O

(C2H5)2OH

16. Base lien hp cua acid

Acid
CH3NH2

Base
CH3NH

H2 O

HO

C6H5 CH2 C6H5

+

C6H5 CH C6H5
C 6H 5 NH 2

C 6H 5 NH 3

C2H5OH
+

C2 H 5 O

H3 O

H2 O

23

17.a. Tnh acid giam dan

CH3 CH2 OH CH3 CH2 NH2 CH3 CH2 CH3

o am ien: O > N > C

Base lien hp tang dan:

CH3 CH2 O CH3 CH2 NH CH3 CH2 CH2

b. Tnh acid giam dan:

CH3 C CH
CH3 CHCl COOH
+

CH3 CH CH2
CH3 CH2 COOH
CH3 CH2 OH

CH3 CH2 CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
CH3 O CH3
24

CH3 CH2 OH2

c.Tnh base tang dan i. ii.

+

CH3 NH3

CH3 NH2

CH3 NH

CH3 O
CH3 C C

CH3 NH
CH3 CH CH

CH3 CH2
CH3 CH2 CH2

iii.
18. Arrhenius: H+,OH-

Bronsted: acid phan ly H+, phan con lai la base. Lewis: Acid co ngt con orbital trong, Base co ngt con oi e t do.

25

19.

a.
b. c.

H3C OH

base

acid

H3C OH2

H3C OH

acid

NH2

bas e

H3C O

NH3

CH3 C CH3 O

base

+ TiCl2 acid

CH3 C CH3
+O

TiCl2

d.
e. f.

Na O acid + NaH base

+
H BH3

H2

N H + BH3 base acid

+N

+ (CH3)3O BF4 acid

N base

N CH3BF4

CH3OCH3
26

20. Khi cho mt ng lng clo vao dd moi chat sau. H+ gan vao: a.
HO CH2 CH2 O CH3 + H
+
+

HO CH2 CH2 O CH3 H

b.

O CH2 C O + H

O CH3 C O
+

c.

H2N CH2 CH2 C

H2N CH2 CH2 C NH

+

H 2N CH 2 CH 2 C

NH

d.

CH3 C NH2 O

+ H

CH3 C NH2
+ OH

CH3 C NH2 OH
27

21. Carbocation ben nhat:

C OH + H
+
+

C OH2
H+

C+

H2O

H C C+

a.
CH CH2
H+
+ +

CH CH3

va

CH2 CH2

ben hn v cong hng

b.

H 2C C CH 3 CH 3

H+

H 3C C CH 3 CH 3

va CH 2 CH CH 3 CH 3

ben hn v cation bac 3

28

c.
CH3 H3C CH CH2 C CH3 OH OH
+

CH3 H3C CH CH2 C CH3

H
+

OH be n hn v cation bac CH3 OH

H3C CH CH2 C CH3

e.
H2C CH CH CH3 OH
H+

CH2 CH2 CH CH3 OH

+

H3C CH CH CH3 OH
+

H2C CH CH CH3 be n v cong hng

29

H3C CH CH2 CH CH CH2OH

d.
H3C CH CH2 CH CH CH2OH OH
H+

H3C CH CH2 CH CH CH2 OH

be n v co cong h
+

H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH2OH OH

+

H3C CH CH2 CH CH2 CH2OH OH

30

22. Carbanion co the hnh thanh:

C H
B

+ BH

H3C CH C CH3 O H3C CH2 C CH3 O

HO

CH2 CH2 C CH3 O H3C CH2 C CH2 O be n nhat v : - co cong hng - H linh ong hn

31

Lien ket hydro - Hnh thanh gia cac hp chat sau: alcol, nc, amin H co the ttac vi cap e t do cua cac ngt khac nh N, O, Cl, F e tao 1lk yeu. - LkH noi phan t can tr s ht ttac gia cac phan t vi nhau tnc, ts thap, lam cho hp chat kho tan, co the bay hi theo hi nc ccat loi cuon theo hi nc - LkH ngoai phan t: tnc, ts cao hn, de tan trong nc hn,

32

23. a.
H O H
H S H CH3 O CH3 khong co lk hydro

CH3 O H CH3 O H CH3 O H

H O H H O H

co lie n ket hydro lie n phan t

b.
O CH3 CH2 C M 102
CH3 CH2 C CH3 CH2 C

O O H O O H O O H O O H C CH2 CH3 C CH2 CH3

OC2H5

etylpropionat

co lk hydro lie n phan t M 74 Acid propionic

33

c.
O CH3 C H O

Acid acetic
CH 3 C

O O H O O H O O H O CH 3 C C CH3 C CH3

O H O dime r

C CH3

O H polime r

d.
OH CH3 OH

H3CO

O C H

O C H

OCH3 CH3 o-me tylphe nol p-me tylphe nol o-me toxybenzalde hydp-me toxybenzalde h

Ch co lk hydro lien phan t

Khong co lk hydro

34

OH
O H O O

O N O p-nitrophe nol co lk hydro lie n phan t

o-nitrophe nol

co lk hydro noi phan t

O C OH

O C O O H

OH co lk hydro lie n phan t

co lk hydro noi phan t
35