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ChangAutomated Iris Recognition Technology & Iris Biometric System
ChangAutomated Iris Recognition Technology & Iris Biometric System
Overview
The Iris as a Biometrics: The iris is an overt body that
is available for remote assessment with the aid of a machine vision system to do automated iris recognition.
Iris recognition technology combines computer vision,
Clinical observations
Developmental biology
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Overview
The structure of the iris seen in a transverse section The structure of the iris seen in a frontal section
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Overview
Its suitability as an exceptionally accurate biometric
extremely data-rich physical structure genetic independence no two eyes are the same
Overview
The disadvantages to use iris as a biometric
measurement are
Moving target
Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting surface Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections
CS 790Q Biometrics
Biometric Technology", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 85, no. 9, pp. 1348-1363, 1997.
Outline
Technical Issues **
Image Acquisition
Iris Localization Pattern Matching
Technical Issues
I. Image Acquisition
Why important?
One of the major challenges of automated iris recognition is to capture a high-quality image of the iris while remaining noninvasive to the human operator.
Concerns on the image acquisition rigs
Obtained images with sufficient resolution and sharpness Good contrast in the interior iris pattern with proper illumination Well centered without unduly constraining the operator Artifacts eliminated as much as possible
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Result Image from Wildes et al. rig -- capture the iris as part of a larger image that also contains data derived from the immediately surrounding eye region
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Discussion
In common:
Easy for a human operator to master Use video rate capture Difference: Illumination
The Daugmans system makes use of an LED-based point light source in conjunction with a standard video camera. The Wildes et al. system makes use of a diffuse source and polarization in conjunction with a low-light level camera. The Daugmans system provides the operator with live video feedback The Wildes et al. system provides a reticle to aid the operator in positioning 13
Operator self-position
the image derived from inside the limbus (the border between the sclera and the iris) and outside the pupil.
Desired characteristics of iris localization:
Where is a radial Gaussian, and circular contours (for the limbic and pupillary boundaries) be parameterized by center location (xc,yc), and radius r (active contour fitting method)
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where and
Second, the edge points vote to instantiate particular contour 16 parameter values.
realized via Hough transforms on parametric definitions of the iris boundary contours.
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only that portion of the image below the upper eyelid and above the lower eyelid should be included
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Discussion
Both approaches are likely to encounter difficulties if
required to deal with images that contain broader regions of the surrounding face than the immediate eye region
Difference:
the active contour approach avoids the inevitable thresholding involved in generating a binary edge-map
the histogram-based approach to model fitting should avoid problems with local minima that the active contour models gradient descent procedure might experience
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1) bringing the newly acquired iris pattern into spatial alignment with a candidate data base entry;
2) choosing a representation of the aligned iris patterns that makes their distinctive patterns apparent; 3) evaluating the goodness of match between the newly acquired and data base representations; 4) deciding if the newly acquired data and the data base entry were derived from the same iris based on the goodness of match.
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isolating an iris in a larger acquired image and thereby accomplishes alignment for image shift.
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compensate for overall size as well as a simple model of pupil variation based on linear stretching.
Map Cartesian image coordinates (x, y) to dimensionless polar (r, ) image coordinates according to
technique to compensate for both scaling and rotation. The mapping function (u,v) is to minimize
while being constrained to capture a similarity transformation of image coordinates (x, y) to (x, y)
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between acquired and data base iris images seem to be adequate for controlled assessment scenarios
Improvements:
complex-valued 2D Gabor wavelets to encode the phase sequence of the iris pattern to an IrisCode.
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via a relaxation algorithm, with quantization of the recovered phase information yielding the final representation.
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bandpass decomposition derived from application of Laplacian of Gaussian filters to the image data.
with the standard deviation of the Gaussian and the radial distance of a point from the filters center
Laplacian pyramid. This representation is defined procedurally in terms of a cascade of small Gaussian-like filters.
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matching. Distinctive features of the iris are manifest across a range of spatial scales.
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Hamming distance as
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separation point in the space of (normalized) Hamming distances between iris representations. In order to calculate the cross-over point, sample populations of imposters and authentics were each fit with parametrically defined distributions.
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process must combine the four goodness-of-match measurements that are calculated by the previous stage of processing (i.e., one for each pass band in the Laplacian pyramid representation) into a single accept/reject judgment.
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complete.
Empirical test 1: 592 irises from 323 persons the system
Phase1: 199 irises from 122 persons, 878 attempts in identification mode over 8 days no false accepts and 89 false rejects (47 retry with still 16 rejected) Phase2: 96 irises (among 199) with 403 entries for identification no false accepts and no false rejects
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images each (5 at the beginning and 5 about one month later) from 40 persons no false accepts and no false rejects.
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Questions?
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CS 790Q Biometrics
PART II: An Iris Biometric System for Public and Personal Use
M. Negin et al., "An Iris Biometric System for Public and Personal Use", IEEE Computer, pp. 70-75, February 2000.
encodes its iris pattern, then matches that file against the file stored in the database for that individual.
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inches in front of the eye. Make sure that the devices LED centers within the aperture that superimposes the users line of sight and the cameras optical axis.
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Identification Performance
Verification distributions of authentic results (in brown)
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Society in Swindon, Englandran for six months and included more than 1,000 participants, before going into regular service during the fourth quarter of 1998.
The field trial experience has been very positive:
91 percent prefer iris identification to a PIN (personal identification number) or signature, 94 percent would recommend iris identification to friends and family, 94 percent were comfortable or very comfortable using the system.
Questions?
Thank You.
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